Elizabeth: Febuary 1566 | British History Online

Calendar of State Papers Foreign: Elizabeth, Volume 8, 1566-1568. Originally published by Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London, 1871.

Citation:

'Elizabeth: Febuary 1566', in Calendar of State Papers Foreign: Elizabeth, Volume 8, 1566-1568, ed. Allan James Crosby( London, 1871), British History Online https://prod.british-history.ac.uk/cal-state-papers/foreign/vol8/pp14-25 [accessed 22 December 2024].

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Febuary 1566



Feb.	66. Dr. Nicholas Wotton's Exceptions.
	Exceptions referring to certain articles, of which the originals are not forthcoming. Imperfect. Endd. Notes by Cecil. P. 1.
Feb. 2.	67. The Earl of Bedford to Cecil.
	Sees of his letter of the 28th ult. that Fowler has been in London, disguised as a mariner, and has sought to escape back to Scotland. Has taken order to stay him if he seeks to pass by these Borders. Hears that M. Rambouillet has not had such courteous treatment at Newcastle as he could wish, for which he will write to the Mayor.—Berwick, 2 Feb. 1565. Signed. Add. Endd. Pp. 2.
Feb. 2.	68. Pietro Bizarri to Cecil.
	Immense preparations of the Turk by sea and land. Offers of men and money by the Emperor and the Kings of France and Spain.—Venice, 2 Feb. 1566. Signed. Add., with seal. P. 1.
Feb. 2.	69. Advices from Italy.
	Intelligence from Constantinople, 22nd Dec. 1565; Messina, 18 Jan.; Rome, 2 Feb. 1566. Ital. Pp. 4½.
	70. Translation of a portion of the above; with further news from Augsburg of 26th Jan. 1566. Pp. 2½
Feb. 3.	71. Christopher, Marquis of Baden, to the Queen.
	Thanks her for her favour shown to himself and his wife and begs that she will continue the same.—Baden, 3 Feb. 1566. Signed. Add. Endd. Lat. Pp. 1½.
Feb. 4.	72. Sir Thomas Gresham to William Phayre.
	1. Acknowledges the receipt of certain letters, and desires him to thank Ruy Gomez, by whose means he makes account to receive certain monies.
	2. Desires him to recover other sums owing by different people.—London, 4 Feb. 1565. Signed. Add. Endd. Pp. 3.
Feb. 5.	73. Dr. Christopher Mundt to Cecil.
	The Emperor arrived at Augsburg Jan. 21, accompanied with 2,000 horse. Great rumours out of France of strife on account of religion. The French are fortifying Metz with cannon and arms.—Strasbourg, 5 Feb. 1566. Signed. Add. Endd., with seal. Lat. P. 1.
	74. Passport for the Duke of Chatelherault.
	Certifying that he is licensed to transport fourteen horses out of the realm.—Berwick, 7 Feb. 1565. Signed: F. Bedford and W. Page. With seal.
	Also a certificate as to the identity of the horses. Signed by William Carr and Robert Brandling, and sealed with the corporation seal of Newcastle-upon-Tyne. P.1.
Feb. 7.	75. M. De Foix to Cecil.
	Lestrille escaped from his lodgings last night. As the matter touches his honour he has sent one of his servants to Calais. Thinks that another Frenchman has accompanied him in his flight.—London, 7 Feb. Signed. Add. Endd. Fr. P. 1.
Feb. 7.	76. M. De Foix to the Earl of Leicester.
	As the bearer of his letter of this date to Cecil has been unable to find him he desires Leicester to open and read it, so that he may give such orders as he thinks fit.—London, 7 Feb. Signed. Add. Fr. P. 1.
Feb. 7.	77. Thomas Randolph to Cecil.
	Since the coming of Clernau and Thornton out of France there is no appearance of any good intended the Lords except they are able to persuade the Queen of England to make her heir apparent to the crown of England. There is a band lately devised by the Pope, the Emperor, and King of Spain, and other Princes to maintain popery which was brought by Thornton and subscribed by this Queen. M. Rambouillet came on Wednesday. Divers lords were required to be at the Mass on Candlemass Day. Cassilis, Montgomry, Seton, and Caithness promised; Fleming, Livingston, Lindsey, Huntley, and Bothwell refused; of them Bothwell is stoutest. She was of late minded again to send Robert Melvin to negotiate with such as she trusted among the Queen's subjects. David maintains still his place. The Queen has utterly refused to do any good to the Earl of Argyll.—Edinburgh, 7 Feb. 1565. Signed. Add. Endd. Pp. 3.
Feb. 8.	78. Francis Peyto to Sir Nicholas Throckmorton.
	In a very mutilated condition, almost entirely illegible.— Paris, 8 Feb. 1566. Signed. Add. Endd. Pp. 1½.
Feb. 8.	79. Pietro Bizarri to Cecil.
	Succours of troops and money sent by different Potentates to Malta. The Emperor entered Augsburgh on the 20th ult. Marriage of two of the Duke of Wurtemburg's daughters. The Seignory are fitting out their galleys.—Venice, 8 Feb. 1566. Signed. Add. Endd. Ital. Pp. 1¼.
Feb. 8.	80. The Earl of Bedford to the Earl of Leicester.
	The chief thing in the Scottish Parliament will be the overthrow of these Lords and the confiscation of their lands. Popery seems now to lift up head there. Desires to come up to Court by St. George's Day.—Berwick, 8 Feb. 1565. Signed. Add. Endd. Much torn. Pp. 3.
Feb. 9.	81. The Earl of Bedford to Cecil.
	Things grow by degrees in Scotland as well in religion as for these good Lords to all the mischief they can.—Berwick, 9 Feb. 1565. Signed. Add. Endd. P. 1.
Feb. 9.	82. Maitland of Lethington to Cecil.
	There is no amity so profitable to both as that betwixt the two realms. Nothing is on either side so far past but that all may be reduced to the former estate. Sees no certain way unless they chop at the very root. Begs him to have pity on Fowler.—Edinburgh, 9 Feb. 1565. Signed. Add. Endd. P. 1.
Feb. 9.	83. Advices.
	Intelligence from Madrid, 24 Jan.; Rome, 9 Feb.; Constantinople, 9 Jan. Chiefly about the Turk's armament and the preparations made at Malta to resist him. Endd. Ital. Pp. 3.
	84. Another copy. Endd. Ital. Pp. 3.
Feb. 10.	85. Advices.
	Intelligence from France, Germany, and the Low Countries. —Antwerp, 10 Feb. Ital. P. 1.
Feb. 10.	86. Sir Thomas Gresham to William Phayre.
	Sends a copy of his letter of the 4th inst., and also letters from the Spanish Ambassador for Ruy Gomez.—London, 10 Feb. 1565. Signed. Add. Endd. Pp. 2.
Feb. 11.	87. Thomas Randolph to Cecil.
	The bearer, Mr. Melvin, has commission to treat with the Queen on many matters tending to the amity and concord between the two Queens.—Edinburgh, 11 Feb. 1565. Signed. Add. Endd. P. ½.
Feb. 11.	88. William Maitland, Laird of Lethington, to Cecil.
	The bearer, Mr. Melvin, is privy to the most part of his conceptions. Desires him to credit and direct him in all his affairs. Assures him of the good opinion of the Queen of Scots.—Edinburgh, 11 Feb. 1565. Signed. Add. Endd. P. 1.
Feb. 11.	89. Mary Queen of Scots to the Earl of Bedford.
	Desires that certain goods and money which was lost upon the coast near the Borders may be delivered up to the bearer. —Edinburgh, 11 Feb. 1565. Copy. P. 1.
Feb. 12.	90. Mary Queen of Scots to the Queen.
	As there has been so many false advertisements she sends this bearer to tell her the truth and to assure her of her friendship. Begs that she will have pity on her husband's servant, Fowler, and defer his execution. Understands that the Countess of Lennox suffers from her strict imprisonment, and asks whether she merits punishment for desiring the welfare of her child.—Edinburgh, 12 Feb. Signed. Hol. Add. Endd. Fr. Pp. 3.
Feb. 12.	91. Mary Queen of Scots to Cecil.
	Having sent the bearer, Robert Melvin, to the Queen of England, desires that he will procure him audience from time to time.—Holyrood, 12 Feb. 1565. Signed. Add. Endd. P. ½.
Feb. 12.	92. M. Bochet to Cecil.
	Believes the promise of the success of the inventions of his people so certain that he has mixed himself up with them of his free will. They only want now the privilege and Cecil's assistance.—Brussels, 12 Feb. 1566. Signed. Add. Endd. Fr. P. 1.
Feb. 14.	93. Bedford to Cecil.
	These two gentlemen bring with them three stoned horses and three geldings which Lord Darnley gave to M. Ramboilliet, and which are described in the passport he gave them.— Berwick, 14 Feb. 1565. Signed. Add. Endd. P. ½.
Feb. 14.	94. Passport.
	Passport for MM. De Crawford and De Cowbourne to pass with four other Frenchmen towards the Court.—Berwick, 14 Feb. 1565. Signed by Bedford. Endd. P. 1.
Feb. 15.	95. Sir Thomas Gresham to William Phayre.
	Sends him letters from different persons in his favour for the following of his suit. Desires him to be diligent therein and to write to him from time to time.—London, 15 Feb. 1565. Signed. Add. Endd., with seal. P. 1.
Feb. 15.	96. Sir Thomas Smith to Cecil.
	His successor he thought to have had here according to Cecil's promise about the end of January, and now February is half passed and he hears nothing of Mr. Hobbie.—Bourbon L'Archambaud, 15 Feb. 1566. Signed. Add. Endd., with seal. P. ½.
Feb. 16.	97. Frederic II. King of Denmark to Mr. Foxall.
	Desires him to buy a certain warlike ship at London and to send in her as many gunners and marines as he can get with divers to dive for his ordnance which was sunk. Has at his suit restored to John Hawkins his ship and goods which were confiscated by law.—Copenhagen, 16 Feb. 1566. Copy. Endd. P. ½.
Feb. 16.	98. Richard Clough to William Phayre.
	1. Sends him a bill of exchange on Alexander Bonvise for 227 ducats, and also letters to be delivered to different people.
	2. The Emperor arrived at Augsburg on the 20th January. In these parts divers noblemen have of late received the gospel.—Antwerp, 16th Feb. 1565. Signed. Add. Endd., with seal. Pp. 3½.
Feb. 15.	99. Bill of Exchange.
	Bill of exchange on Alessandro Bonvise for 227 ducats. On a slip of paper enclosed in Clough's to Phayre of 16th Feb. Span.
Feb. 16.	100. Marsilio Della Croce to —.
	Newsletter with intelligence from different places during the months of January and February.—Venice, 16 Feb. 1566. Signed. Ital. Pp. 4.
Feb. 16.	101. The Earl of Bedford to Cecil.
	1. Prays him to be good to the bearer in his suit.
	2. Trusts Rob. Melvyn will be with him before the bearer. Wrote not by Rocheposee, no more does he think he shall need by Ramboilliet.—Berwick, 16 Feb. 1565. Signed. Add. Endd., with seal. P. 1.
Feb. 17.	102. George Carey to Cecil.
	Since by the Queen's letters to the French King for his better entry into his service he has been received as sent from her, and has been accompted her kinsman, he beseeches him to put her in remembrance of her promise to his father to defray his charges and find him at the Court.—Moulins, 17 Feb. 1566. Signed. Add. Endd., with seal. Pp. 2.
Feb. 17.	103. Thomas Randolph to Cecil.
	Desires that the bearer, Mr. Douglas, may have licence to pass into France.—Edinburgh, 17 Feb. 1565. Signed. P. ½.
Feb. 17.	104. The Earl of Bedford to Cecil.
	1. The Duke of Chatelherault yesterday departed towards the Court. M. Rambouillet brought a gentle message from the Queen of Scots, and also a letter touching the delivery of the Earl of Sutherland. The Earl will be set at liberty on Tuesday next.—Berwick, 17 Feb. 1565. Signed.
	2. P.S.—He would not have it known that his deliverance comes of the Earl of Murray's suit. Add. Endd. P. ¼.
Feb. 18.	105. Sir Thomas Smith to Cecil.
	The Duke of Longueville and his wife go with a great train, some say to christen the Duke of Savoy's son in the King's behalf, others to see his lands of Newcastell [Neufchatel] amongst the Swiss. Command under pain of death is given that all men should demount their pistolets and arquebuses and send them to their houses immediately.—Bourbon L'Archambaud, 18 Feb. 1566. Signed. Add. Endd., with seal. P. 1.
Feb. 18.	106. Guilleaume Acquenen to Cecil.
	Desires to know whether certain packets which he has sent to him have reached him.—Dieppe, 18 Feb. 1565. Signed. Add. Endd. Fr. P. 1.
Feb. 19.	107. Thomas Randolph to Cecil.
	1. The Queen of Scots will not alter any of the Commissioners she has named unless the Queen alters hers. Was accused in open council of having lent 3,000 crowns to the Earl of Murray without knowledge of his mistress, and was willed within six days to retire out of the country. Randolph denied lending the money and said that he never had a quarter of the sum. Intends to repair to Berwick.—Edinburgh, 19 Feb. 1565. Signed.
	2. P.S.—Desires a safe-conduct for certain persons to go into France. Add. Endd. by Cecil. Pp. 3.
Feb. 19.	108. —to Cecil.
	List of different officers of the French Court and others. Endorsed: the number and names of the treasurers left at this present.—[Moulins] 19 Feb. 1565. Fr. Pp. 2¼.
Feb. 19.	109. Sir William Cecil to William Phayre.
	The Queen has appointed the bearer, Mr. Mann, Dean of Gloucester and Master of Merton College, as her ambassador with whom he wishes him to remain, but leaves it to his choice.—Greenwich, 19 Feb. 1565. Signed. Hol. Add. Endd. P. 1.
Feb. 19.	110. Sir John Forster to Cecil.
	Sundry of the Redesdale men having assembled with the intent to break the Queen's jail at Harbottle, and others to have met him by the way, he ordered them to appear before him. At first they refused, but afterwards twenty submitted. Desires to know the Queen's pleasure touching the prisoners.— Alnwick, 19 Feb. 1565. Signed. Add. Endd. Pp. 2.
Feb. 20.	111. M. De Foix to Cecil.
	Forwards a letter from Smith.—London, 20 Feb. 1566. Signed. Add. Endd., with seal. Fr. P. 1.
Feb. 20.	112. Instructions for Mr. John Man.
	1. After delivering her commendations and letters to the King of Spain he shall make a short rehearsal of the matters in controversy in the matter of the intercourse, and say that they are more to be judged of by him as a King than by his ministers. No princes are able to rule their people in peace or war with the like small charge as their progenitors did, and there is a difference between the policy of England and other countries as to the respect of procuring of convenient means by tallage, imposts, and such like to enable the Queen to bear her charges, which daily grow more and more. Though the mass of merchandise going out and coming in is in value and quality double to that it was in ancient times, yet has she scant half the profit of the customs. The Queen has yielded in many things to gratify the King's subjects, but cannot do so with respect to equality of payments.
	2. If any objection is made for lack of justice upon piracies he is to say that though they did more abound by reason of the wars with France, that they are now partly by force and partly by justice so repressed that the seas have not been quieter these many years. She also has appointed Commissioners to sit daily to hear the complaints of the King's subjects and expedite remedy therefor. It is also to be manifestly proved that a great part of the goods and merchandise adjudged to the King's subjects were belonging to Frenchmen and so were just prize. Pp. 14.
	113. Copy of the above with additional instructions to obtain redress for certain of her subjects and to retain Mr. Phayre if necessary. Endd. Pp. 25.
Feb. [20.]	114. Mary Queen of Scots to the Queen.
	Complains of Randolph having furnished her rebels with 3,000 crowns. Has sent him out of the kingdom. Will send his full accusation in five or six days. Has commanded Melville to make a true report of the matter.—Edinburgh, Feb. Copy. Endd. Fr. P. 1.
Feb. 20.	115. The Queen's Debts in Flanders.
	Note of the prolongation of the Queen's debts in Flanders from 20 February to 20 August 1566.—Total, about 192,500l. Signed by Gresham. Endd. P. 1.
Feb. 20.	116. Passport.
	Passport for the bearer to bring four horses from England for the Duchess of Parma's coach.—Brussels, 20 Feb. 1266. Signed: Margarita. Endd. Fr. P. 1.
Feb. 21.	117. [Captain Cockburn] to Cecil.
	Commends the bearer to him.—Moulins, 21 Feb. Add. Endd. P. 1.
Feb. 21.	118. The Earl of Bedford to Cecil.
	1. The Earl of Sutherland is now gone. Sends letters from Randolph, who is commanded to depart the realm of Scotland.
	2. The Lords' case is now utterly to be despaired of, and especially any good for the Earl of Murray because of the matters between him and Bothwell. This dealing with Randolph will encourage the thieves on the Scottish border to mischief. Sends the copy of a book set forth by the Congregation wherewith the Queen of Scots is much offended. The Earl of Glencairn will return into Scotland into his own bounds. Randolph means to tarry here.—Berwick, 21 Feb. 1565. Signed. Add. Endd. Pp. 3.
Feb. 22.	119. Richard Clough to William Phayre.
	Forwards letters to him and a bill of exchange for 227 ducats.—Antwerp, 22 Feb. 1566. Signed. Add. Endd. P. 1.
Feb. 22.	120. — to Smith.
	Different powers are preparing great forces against the Turk. The movements of the Court. The Cardinal of Lorraine does not stir from the side of the Queen Mother.— Moulins, 22 Feb. A fragment with the signature torn off. Endd. Lat. P. 1.
Feb. 22.	121. Captain Edward Randolph to Cecil.
	Sends the note of the proportion demanded for Berwick, and another of what is to be had out of the office of the ordnance of that proportion, but cannot guess what were meet to be sent unless he knew what remains. The bearer, Mr. Fleming, has matters to declare for the furtherence of her Majesty's service.—The Minories, 22 Feb. 1565. Signed. Add. Endd. P. ¾.
Feb. 23.	122. Passport.
	Passport for Tho. Douglas, one of the archers of the French King's guard, who has to repair to that Court, to pass to London with his servant and two geldings.—Berwick, 23 Feb. 1565. Signed by Bedford and countersigned by his secretary, W. Page. With seal. P. ½.
Feb. 23.	123. Passport.
	Passport for George Wisshart, one of the archers of the French King's guard, who has to repair to that Court, to pass to London with one gelding.—Berwick, 23 Feb. 1565. Signed by Bedford and countersigned by his secretary, W. Page. Endd., with seal. P. ½.
Feb. 23.	124. M. De Foix to Cecil.
	Desires him to procure an audience for M. De Roche [pougat], who is returning from Scotland to France, and also a passport and licence for three hackneys.—London, 23 Feb. 1565. Signed. Add. Endd., with seal. Fr. P. 1.
Feb. 23.	126. Advices.
	News from Rome of the 23rd February of transactions passing in the Papal Court. Ital. Pp. 1½.
Feb. 23.	127. Fair copy of the above, with intelligence from Spain of February 15th, of the defeat of certain Frenchmen in Florida. Ital. Pp. 2½.
Feb. 24.	128. Another copy of the above, dated 13th February 1566, with news from Augsburg of 24th February. Ital. Pp. 3.
Feb. 23.	129. John Wigand to Albert Duke of Mecklinburgh.
	Desires him to refrain from his intention of building a castle near this town and depriving it of its self-government, contrary to the privileges bestowed upon it by himself and his ancestors.—Rostock, 23 Feb. 1566. Signed. Add. Endd. Latin. Pp. 4.
Feb. 24.	130. Sir William Petres and Dr. Wotton to Cecil.
	Have met and considered the instructions sent them for the intercourse.—London, 24 Feb. 1565. Signed. Add. Endd. P. ½.
Feb. 24.	131. Rob. Peckham to Cecil.
	Having sufficiently tried the physic of these parts, and still frustrated of his hope for health, he is forced to this next month to take his journey towards Italy to commit himself to the physician's care.—Paris, 24 Feb. 1566. Signed. Add. Endd., with seal. P. ½.
Feb. 24.	132. Queen Elizabeth to Mary Queen of Scots.
	Desires that the Earl of Murray and the others with him may be received into her grace, as they have not intended anything against her person or estate.—Greenwich, 24 Feb. 1565. Signed. Add. Endd. Broadside.
	133. Draft of the above in Cecil's writing. Endd. Pp. 3.
Feb. 25.	134. Thomas Randolph to Cecil.
	It is fully determined that he shall depart. Refused a passport because it was subscribed by Lord Darnley. The Queen of Scots has knowledge out of England by means of the French Ambassador, Melville, and the Countess of Lennox's friends. The chief cause of Melville's being there was to entertain that faction. Is informed secretly that the Earls of Lennox and Argyll will, within three days, talk together. It shall be offered to the Earl of Argyll that if he and Murray will concur with the King to give him the crown matrimonial, that then he will take their parts and bring them home and establish religion as it was at this Queen's home coming. The King has subscribed a bond unto them within these 26 hours. The suspicion of this King towards David is so great that it must shortly grow unto a scab among them. Yesterday the Earl Bothwell was married.—Edinburgh, 25 Feb. 1565. Signed. Add. Endd. Pp. 2½.
Feb. 25.	135. The Earl of Arundel to Cecil.
	Entirely illigible from damp. Endd.: From Milan, 25 Feb. 1566. P. 1.
Feb. 25.	136. Francis Peyto to Sir Nicholas Throckmorton.
	Lord Paget wills him to tell him that his letters have an affinity with his body, which is but meagre and lean. The Duke of Guise has at length come to the Court. The Constable will leave the Court from henceforth.—Paris, 25 Feb. 1566. Signed. Add. Endd., with seal. Pp. 3.
Feb. 25.	137. Pietro Bizarri to Cecil.
	The Duke of Parma made Gonfalonier of the Church, and other news of the Papal Court.—Venice, 25 Feb. 1566. Signed. Add., with seal. Ital. P. 1.
Feb. 26.	138. M. De Foix to Cecil.
	Announces the arrival of M. De Rambouillet, who desires to know whether the Queen will grant him audience to-morrow. —London, 25 Feb. 1565. Signed. Add. Endd., with seal. Fr. P. ½.
Feb. 26.	139. The Earl of Bedford [to Cecil].
	1. The manner of Randolph's discharge cannot but come to the hearing of the thieves on the Borders who will of purpose break. Desires that either some one may be sent that the amity may be renewed, or else that he may be commanded to deal with them as enemies. The Earl of Glencairn is gone, he could tarry no longer for very poverty. The Earl of Sutherland is restored to all his lands and honours and goods.
	2. If Mr. Randolph is called away he desires licence to give three or four geldings among some of Scotland, that he may the better come by advertisements. Has stayed a Scotchman and found on him two notes, copies of which he will send to Randolph.—Berwick, 26 Feb. 1565. Signed. Add. Endd. Pp. 4½.
Feb. 26.	140. The Queen of Scots to Queen Elizabeth.
	Requests a passport for David Anstruther who is sent into France for her particular affairs.—Holyrood, 26 Feb. Signed. Add. Endd., with seal. Broadside.
Feb. 27.	141. Thomas Randolph to Cecil.
	Desires a passport for Mr. Anstruther who is going into France.—Edinburgh, 27 Feb. 1565. Signed. Add. Endd. P. ½.
Feb. 27.	142. Alexander Citolini to Cecil.
	There is news from Italy of the preparations of the Turk by land and sea. A conspiracy has been discovered at Venice and the leaders executed.—Basle, 27 Feb. 1566. Signed. Add. Endd., with seal. Lat. P. 1.
Feb. 28.	143. The Spanish Ambassador to the Queen.
	Informs her that the Duchess of Parma has put off the conference for one month.—London, 28 Feb. 1566. Signed. Add. Endd. by Cecil: Prorogation of the Diet from the 15th March to the 15th April. Seal. Span. P. 1.
Feb. 28.	144. Richard Clough to William Phayre.
	Advertises him of the despatch of certain letters and bills of money towards him. Thanks him for his news. They say that the King of Spain will establish the Inquisition here.— Antwerp, 28 Feb. 1565. Signed. Add. Endd., with seal. Pp. 3.
Feb. 28.	145. The Earl of Bedford to Cecil.
	Things grow daily worse in Scotland both for alteration of religion as for extremity to be used towards the Lords. The Earl of Argyll goes no further than Lennox where he will do all the damage he can. Reminds him for their pay here. Desires soon to hear from him.—Berwick, Feb. 28, 1565. Signed. Add. Endd. Pp. 1½.
Feb. 28.	146. The Earl of Bedford to Cecil.
	The bearer, David Anstruther, has been commended to him by Randolph, but yet is counted rather a Papist.—Berwick, 28 Feb. 1565. Signed. Add. Endd. P. ½.
[Feb.]	147. Edicts confirmed at Moulins.
	The Mercuriales to be held every three months. Regulations for the appointment and conduct of judges and other legal officers, and for the general administration of the laws. Endd. Fr. Pp. 4½.