State Papers, 1658: February (3 of 5)

February (3 of 5)

A paper of the Swedish commissioners at London.

Vol. lvii. p. 320.

His sacred majesty of Swedeland, our most gracious king, thought nothing could be so much agreeable to his royal honour, dignity and safety, as to invest himself and his royal name and character, both with the love and affection to his people and subjects, and to these kingdoms and dominions, which are situated round about Swedeland, as also to the supreme powers of those states, which are consederates, and united with him; to the end, that by the first he might be more happy in the quiet and tranquillity of the domestical administration of his kingdom; and by the second, more useful in the managing of all weighty and important affairs in foreign parts, without which he conceived, that he could not govern with safety at home; and, that the immortal ornament and greatness of his office and charge abroad required of him; not to be deficient and wanting, more firmly to fortify and corroborate by a more ample intercourse and entertainment the seeds and foundations of a strict conjunction aforesaid, and so laudably propagated by his predecessors to the mutual advantage and profit of the kingdoms, and to a more narrow tie and band of the neighbouring nations: so that his sacred majesty, the most mighty king of the Swedes, Goths and Vandals, &c. esteemed in the very beginning of his reign nothing more conducible and requisite, than closely to adhere and insist (so that all other things might be passed by with silence) upon the mutual and reciprocal confederacy betwixt the most serene queen Christina and the kingdom of Swedeland on one side, and the most high and most serene Oliver, lord protector of England, Scotland and Ireland, and the dominions belonging thereunto, and these famous nations on the other side, solemnly made and agreed on at Upsal upon the 9th of May, in the year of our Lord and Saviour one thousand six hundred and fifty-four; which partly to conserve, partly to promote, his sacred majesty of Swedeland hath not been wanting, by the sending his extraordinary embassador and plenipotentiary to the most serene and most high lord protector of the state, to the end, that it might be really made known and manisest how much he esteemed the faithful and inviolable amity and friendship between them both, and how much desirous he was, that the same might be at all times on his side preserved and maintained safe and entire. And certainly his aforenamed sacred majesty of Swedeland found himself not disappointed in that glorious and highly commendable purpose, whereas he happily and prosperously attained unto the very same scope and end he of his own accord aimed at, by the certain concluded and fixed ratification thereof on both sides here at Westminster, upon the 17th of July 1656; wherein, among other things, which ought to be counted as most certain testimonies and engagements of mutual faith between the joined and confederate minds, this caution hath been expressly inserted and provided, That three commissioners should be ordained and constituted on both sides, who, after the first meeting at London upon the 1st of January 1657, were to hear and examine the damage, which either of the confederates and their people and subjects (according to the words of the treaty) hath sustained by the other, and his people and subjects during the time of war between England and the United Provinces, and ex aquo & bono, and according to the following words, summarily, without any appeal and formalities of the law, to decide and determine the differences concerning the ships and goods, which are to be restituted, and are yet detained, and touching the satisfaction for the damages received by the detention of either parties ships, which are already released, or are hereafter to be released; so that the said controversies should be transacted according to justice and equity, without any intervening delay, and consequently a plenary and real restitution be made of things taken away, and full satisfaction given for the charges and expences: Which words indeed, as being the meer fruits of justice and equity reaped from the treaty concluded, do abundantly afford all perspicuity and plainness, whereby they explain and interpret themselves, and want not any weight and moment, wherewith both contracting parties should not be strictly tied to their conditions, and convinced therein; in regard it is said in the treaty, that both parties do especially intend and mean such a matter; and from thence it appeareth sufficiently the same velle & nolle, or meaning and sense was first intended by both consederates, which was the last in the execution. Wherefore his serene majesty of Swedeland would strictly observe this convention and paction, as an earnest and first-fruits of amity, with a religious zeal to such an urgent and necessary business (notwitstanding the iniquity and conjunctures of times, and the most weighty expedition of war, wherein his sacred majesty was engaged on all sides) and to perform the tenour of the treaty once and over-again concluded, as far as the distance of places, and the great interval of journeys would permit. And this (to our ingenuous consession and acknowledgment of the reality and truth hereof) with so much more care and deligence, by how much less he would either neglect, or any longer suspend such a negotiation concerning the restitution of the ships and goods taken, and the equitable compensation of the damages sustained, as being so much desired till hitherto, and most chargeable and profitable to both nations, and their inhabitants and subjects; his sacred majesty considering, that by the real vigour and virtue of a plenary consummation hereof, not only the sufferers and losers would receeive satisfaction, but also the hearts and minds hereafter be more and more tied and narrowly knit together. Wherefore for this end the commissioners of his sacred majesty of Swedeland, and arbitrators of the aforesaid differences, deputed on his side, have been sent hither; who after their arrival in these parts, at the latter end of the month of February last year, wished and desired nothing more, but to have as soon as possible a meeting, according to the tenour of the treaty, and his majesty's commission given to them; and then by degrees to put an end and period to the work begun. And although they have always been wanting in their desire and charge committed to them, to essay and endeavour often-times the same in a decent way, and by the best means and supplications they could; nevertheless they met in the beginning with this obstacle and hindrance, that in such a vast heap and multiplicity of publick cares, they were constrained, with a requisite civility and patience, to wait for a happy event and issue of some most important affairs, which were at that time here in agitation by frequent and most serious deliberations. Besides this, another hindrance attended them; that whereas by divers excuses, and often reiterated desires, that they would but for a short time patiently forbear, till the most weighty consultations, wherewith this state was wholly taken up, were somewhat over, they were detained and put off, not only hours and days, but also whole months expired. Yet for all this the Swedish commissioners were not dispairing, but being in good hope and confidence, that these things would be at length at an end, made an account, that their civility and decent modesty towards this state would procure to them at last both a more easy access and entrance into their negotiations, and a more happy expedition and dispatch. And in this manner much time hath been spent to no purpose, and passed away in vain till the 11th of June, upon which day their commission and full power to treat with the commissioners of this state, who were shortly to be named, was then first demanded, which they immediately presented with all readiness, being certainly peswaded, that the end of their long staying was drawing near, and the beginning of the so much desired sincere negotiation at hand, yet the speed not herein answerable to their wishes; but there arose a sudden and new scruple, a whole month being spent thereupon, which seemed to them to be of lesser consequence, by how much more the treaty served them for a true rule and infallible compass, by which all the commissioners indifferently of both sides in this case were to direct their actions, and to try them as by a touchstone. But this disease also was speedily supply'd and cured by a double remedy, that either they should, by the interposing of a mutual oath, remove from themselves all partiality whatsoever, even to the last suspicion thereof, or if this was not sufficient, they should provide for a more sufficient power as soon as possible, yet so, that neither party should cease from going on in the treaty or negotiation, which was to continue in the mean time. At length things were brought so far, that upon some discourses passed to and fro touching the treaty not as yet ratified (which could easily be answered) on the next day, being the 21st of July, commissioners were nominated and constituted on this side to the aforesaid end; which being done, the Swedish commissioners were somewhat more chearfully disposed, hoping, that the aforesaid obstacle, with some such like knots (if there were any) would by this constitution of the commissioners of this state, quite be removed out of the way and dissolved; for they could not be induced to believe, but that by these beginning and long circuits, whereby they were stay'd, any seriousness was intended, though things went slowly. Now it was remaining, that the Swedish commissioners should meet with those that were deputed and appointed on this side, whom divers times they met to no purpose, sometimes one, sometimes another scruple being moved, till such time, that after they had presented divers memorials here and there, upon the 13th and 17th of August, they got his sacred majesty of Swedeland's plenary and sufficient power upon the 20th of August; whereby all obstacles being (as they thought) removed, their great and sole care was to give notice thereof to the commissioners of this state, by divers messages and reiterated letters, as also by an especial meeting and friendly access, being induced thereunto by the fair perswasion of others. But whereas daily new and unexpected questions and instances continually did arise, which like a chain by the multiplication of the links, and circumrotation of vexations and troubles seemed to be endless, which being sufficiently known, to use any prolixity herein would be tedious. The Swedish commissioners had nothing else left but to set the same forth in its true colours, and modestly to represent the business to the principal ministers of this state, to the end, that herein the desired admonition for the same might be used: but when a longer delay was interposed, the Swedish commissioners, not unmindful of their trust and charge, have not omitted most humbly to inform the most serene and most high lord protector hereof by a succinct narration of all the things before acted, left by any prolixity they might seem to reproach, bearing date the 24th of September; although that anxious labour obtained no other effect, but that they were sent to the commissioners of this state, who were now otherwise instructed; whose purpose (whether it was casual, or designed either to protract and spin out the time, or tire and weary out the Swedish commissioners patience, 'tis uncertain) doth certainly appear by this very same, that it was to make all sorts of delays: for although, that the first day of January was not to be understood of the following year, and the last power given to the Swedish commissioners is not to be disapproved by their superiours, and a short and excused absence should not be prejudicial to the treaty, yet the aforesaid time set down in the treaty being other most important affairs of the consederates, run out and expired, the lawful power of the arbitrators would have been quite extinct and void, unless it had been renewed again by a certain new convention agreed upon between the confederates, whereby a new day, from whence the meeting should begin, and the time when it should end, was to be set down, again to determine those controversies. The Swedish commissioners shewed by their memorial, bearing date the 18th of October, that it was not in their power to consent unto such a new convention, and to change either the matters committed to their trust, or the time comprehended in the treaty of their own accord, or by other mens motion; and to make any innovation in such a business of important and great moment, without a special consent of him that gave the commission, nor to condescend to the conditions of this side, unless it might be done without prejudice to their superiours, and upon equitable and tolerable terms: for they hold it necessary to be a matter of so great moment, that they could not have been acquainted therewith presently at their coming hither, which had been somewhat more tolerable, or that it should but now at least, after some months have been mispent without any of their fault (that personally appeared here) cause a new trouble to the consederates, in making a new convention again; whereas it seemeth to be all one and the same thing on what day or month this act of justice and equity should begin, if it but seriously done: yet nevertheless, left the Swedish commissioners should be thought to stay and hinder the hopes of the consederates by a rude pertinency (which is to be blamed in small matters) or by a too much obstinate mind, they would rather undergo and suffer to their greatest disadvantage of their own affairs, the loss of time and expences, than that of the honour and reputation, if but any ways satisfaction might be given for their long stay in these parts. Whereupon, that new commission being subscribed on both sides upon the 9th of November, is delivered out, and immediately followed with an order from the prince of this state; whereby his highnes's special will and pleasure is, that the English commissioners, to the plenary effect and execution of this convention, should streightways proceed and go on to the cognizance and full determinating of the aforesaid differences, without any further dispute of the powers moving any scruple whatsoever (we make use of the same words expressed in the said order); yet so, that the term prefixed to that meeting not to exceed the space of three months, which are to be computed from the 10th of November: nor hath this meeting yet proved but little more successful; whereas upon the delivery of the six-fold complaint of those of Wismar (but being all of one nature) no certainty hath been determined therein as yet; but the English commissioners insist upon a general idea and universal cognizance and view of all the causes to be exhibited on both sides; to the end, that from the generality the particulars may be the better proceeded upon: whereat the Swedish commissioners gave at length their assent, having before-hand laid a foundation of some principles and preliminaries requisite, left in the progress they might run and fall unawares upon this or that rock, and thus intricating themselves into many troubles, the proceedings of all things, and in the whole may quite prove frustratory and fruitless. Wherefore the 12th of December was appointed for the exhibition of a catalogue of all the causes and complaints on both sides; wherein the Swedish commissioners do represent, by way of a list, all the damages sustained by the seizure and detention of Swedish ships and goods, which were by the equitable sentences of the judges absolved and released long ago. And to the same end and effect, the English commissioners desiring but a little delay, presented some bills in the name of the most serene lord protector, and merchants dwelling in England, of the contrary damages received by those very same Swedish ships, which were already released by an equitable judgment, which indeed is an example before now unheard of. In the mean time, whilst these things were a doing, the exhibition is performed on both sides, and the English commissioners are very anxious and busy in the laborious structures of words and works, especially about the beginning of the war between England and Holland; and after the exhibition of those expences, they presently, upon the 14th of December, declare themselves in a contrary sense concerning the preliminaries, by a paper subscribed with their own hands, as instrumental and subservient to that sense. To which exception of theirs, the Swedish commissioners answered upon the 19th of December; and things were brought to that, that the English commissioners consessed at last, that partly they had no special instructions in this case, and that partly they had need of explanations from their superiours in those things, that are ambiguous, whom they only did acknowledge as true and capable interpreters of the treaty. Wherefore the council of state was herein to be spoken also by papers and memorials from the Swedish commissioners upon the 21st of December and 1st of January of this year; wherein among other things they prosess, that they were no ways averse from any convenient way or means tending and conducing to the end hoped for, if they might be but agreeable to the treaty concluded, and should attain and reach to the true scope and sincere intention of the consederates: but not prevailing and prositing therewith neither, either because of the vertue of the arguments perhaps, or by reason of the strong expressions, a more ample declaration of the authors of the new convention in writing was superadded on the Swedish side, bearing date the 7th of January of this present year; whereby they abundantly demonstrate their religious zeal and piety they bore to the common affairs of the kingdom, and especially to this business of so great a moment; and after a sufficient resutation of the inferences, as it appeareth, they the more instantly reiterate this request, that the English commissioners might be admonished of their publick charge they bore here, by how much more the Swedish commissioners were sensible of the great loss of the most precious time, who with the rest his sacred majesty's both ordinary and extraordinary ministers, by the multiplied charges and expences in so many years, have almost more spent here than is hoped to get out of it. And although all those things premised, yet very little or nothing at all is effected to this very day: for whereas the Swedish commissioners with all fidelity and care do endea vour to give satisfaction in this business committed to their trust, his sacred majesty's subjects, that are not extraordinarily damnified, receive no satisfaction, although the Swedish commissioners can no ways apprehend how plenary and real satisfaction may be given to them, according to the concluded treaties, if they should not obtain other reparation of damages than a restitution and satisfaction meerly by name; it being not probable, that such a notion should be counted of so great importance, that so many and frequent charges and expences should have been made thereupon. Wherefore the Swedish commissioners laying to heart all those things aforesaid set down, and being wearied out by expences, they cannot agree in any way to some new term for the third time, nor bear any longer delay here, who have over and over again been commanded by the most serene and most mighty king of Swedeland to return, and to give an account of their expedition, which hath been protracted and put off already from one year to the other. For whereas first the ratification of the treaty concluded on both sides hath been so earnestly desired from the Swedish side, afterwards such an anxious enquiry hath been made twice into the royal plenipotency of the Swedish commissioners, with a scruple also then moved against the absence of one of their colleagues, which could not be removed in the space of two months; whereas after a new convention made, after the most serene and most high lord protector his express order, after the allegation of so many sentences passed from the judges of this state, which make for the Swedish side, and after the exhibition, not of one, but of all the causes, in a general list at the English commissioners request: whereas (say we) so many papers and memorials have been directed to the most serene and most high protector, and to the most illustrious council of this state, as also to the English commissioners; and so many remonstrations and explanations of our cause, and all without success; the Swedish commissioners at last have thought it more safe and more expedient to obey their revocation, and most humbly refer the whole business to their most gracious king, from whom they were commissionated, most humbly desiring but this of the most serene and most high lord protector and this state, to be pleased, that they may have a small and categorical answer, wherewith they may defend and discharge themselves, and give as it were an ocular demonstration and view of the event and issue of this their commission in these parts, unto their superiors. But in the mean while the Swedish commissioners do think it their duty, in the best form and manner possibly may be, to reserve in full vigour for the most serene and most mighty king of Swedeland, our most gracious master, and his sacred majesty's people and subjects, all that fruit of justice and equity, which may be reaped and gathered for his sacred majesty, and the inhabitants of the kingdom of Swedeland, from the convention and pactions between his majesty and his highness; and in one word all and every matter of moment and promises in plain terms expressed in the treaty themselves and alliance between both states, and especially those, which concern the restitution and satisfaction; so that all things inserted therein concerning this matter are to remain firm, stedsast and ratified both before the commission, and at this present; yet as they are particularly and more at large contained in the treaties themselves, and the special articles thereof. Moreover, the Swedish commissioners at last using the same solemn protestation esteem, that the fault doth not lie in them, why this their commission and commanded negotiation hath not obtained unto the end propounded; and that consequently they have given no ways any occasion to break off this treaty, which perhaps by this unavoidable going away from these parts, will be interrupted and referred for another time.

From the commissioners of his sacred majesty of Swedeland, appointed for the final treaties at London, touching the restitution of damages
Given at London the 12th of
Feb. styl. vet. 1658.

Jochin Potter.

J. Barkmann.

J. Prytz.

Lockhart, embassador in France, to the protector.

In the possession of Joseph Radcliffe of the Inner Temple esq.

Since the last I presumed to trouble your highness, I have had the honour to receive two from your highness. The first of them brought me your commands concerning Doke Doddeley; the last took notice of the sufferings of your highness's forces at Mardyke and Bourbourgh. His eminence hath ordered a considerable number of beds, and a good quantity of straw to the respective fore mentioned places; he will also consider of the foresaid Doke's pretensions, and promiseth, he shall not only meet with justice but grace. I have again pressed your highness's desires in behalf of colonel Drommond: at present he can have no employment, but may have the equivalent, which is honourable entertainment here, till he meets with employ; which he may promise himself upon the first vacancy.

The cardinal at my last audience desired me to tell your highness, that your enemies threaten you with invasions from abroad, and insurrections at home. He prayeth your highness to assure yourself, that their endeavours to execute their designs will be very vigorous; and that they have great hopes, this parliament will find your highness work enough at home. His eminence believes, that your enemies hopes and entreprizes will meet with bad success. If it shall happen otherwise, he offers to assist your highness, at his own expence, with a body of 6 or 8000 men; for whose sidelity and zeal for your service he will answer. He had many other obliging expressions. I shall not trouble your highness with a more particular account of them, save in the general they held forth his great respect to your highness and your family. That the Lord may preserve your highness, and bless all your undertakings with success, is the humble prayer of
Paris, Feb. 13/23 1657/8.

Your's.

Mr. Ph. Meadowe to secretary Thurloe.

Vol. lvii. p. 265.

Right honorable,
After the newes of the taking of Funen, having received assurances in writing from his majestie of Denmark of his willingnes to enter upon a treatie with Sweden enclusive of others; and having nominated his commissioners for that purpose, to wit, the rixhof-master, and another of the senators, referring the time and place to the arbitrement of his majestie of Sweden, I sent immediately an express with letters to his majestie, to acquaint him herewith, and to desire safe-conducts in order thereto, and the nomination of his commissioners, with time and place. His majestie sent me letters in answer to mine within 5 daies, nominated Bielk and Ulfield, two senators; assign'd Langland as the place, sending likwise safe-conducts for myself and the Danish commissioners; upon the receipt whereof on tuesday last we parted from Copenhagen. In the mean time his majestie of Sweden had passed from Funen to Langland, from thence to Laland, and so to Falske; and on wednesday, within an English mile of Warenburgh, which is the last town in Zeland, wee mett him in a sleigh, with no more than two hundred horse, going to visit a ground to draw up his forces in, which as yet were not pass'd into the isle. After a smal salutation én passant, we went to the town, and took up our lodging, where his majestie appointed us, expecting his return; which as soon as I heard, I sent to desire audience; which was presently granted me, and receiv'd with much civilitie. I begun the introduction to a treaty, inviting his majestie to a peace, upon just satisfaction and securities, and pressed for a suspension of armes; but that could not be obtained. The king was very pleasant, but resolv'd withal; God had shown him the way, he told me, and had built him a bridge, and he could do no less than go over. He told me laughingly, he little expected to meet me upon the way. I answer'd, I less expected to meet him in an enemy's country, at the head of two hundred horse. The next day the commissioners, together with the French ambassador and myself, as the mediators, begun the treaty at Warenburg aforesaid, we two having accorded first the formalities as to the modus tractandi, and the like. The Danish commissioners first gave in their project of articles, afterwards the Swedish theirs; both of them monsters, one in defectu, the other in excessu. In fine, the French ambassador and I were forc'd to draw up a third project, to try if we could find the medium. In the mean time the king of Sweden made great marches for Copenhagen; which forced the Danish commissioners, being men who have the principal administration of things, to remove the treaty nearer their own king, and to have an eye upon affaires. I parted together with them yesterday from Warenburgh towards Copenhagen; the French ambassador, as I suppose, followed with the other commissioners. This day we came as far as this town of Cogel, which is 4 leagues from Copenhagen, where his majestie of Sweden now is with his army, consisting of about 7000 men, as sir William Vavasor assures me. The Danish commissioners are gone to consult their king concerning some propositions. I stay behind to await his majestie of Sweden's answer and ultimate resolution, and intend to go therewith to-morrow for Copenhagen; monsr. Coyet promises me to dispatch it. The army marches early in the morning, and I beleeve wil draw up in sight of Copenhagen by the evening. I shall have frequent occasion to pass and repass betwixt both kings; but unles I make a peace, adieu Denmark. The Swedish propositions, I confes, are very high, but their advantages likewise very great. Monsr. Coyet told the king, that I commended this to him for his motto, Reverentem habere fortunam. They demand no less than Sconing, Bleking, Bornholm, and in Norway Bahus and Fronten cum districtibus, 4000 armes, hors and foot, eight of their best ships, and a sum of money. I shal doe my best, and I pray God issue all for good; but I am sure we are heer at present in pitiful circumstances. I desired monsr. Coyet to send this for Hamburgh, which whe ther it will arrive in England, I know not, being hard put to it for the conveiance of my letters, no post having pass'd out of this island since this frost. I sent one paquet to Funen, to be conveied for Fredericksode by a trumpet; but I seare it miscarried. I wish for major-general Jephson, but I heare he is at Wismar. Pardon this confus'd haste from
Your most faithfull servant,
Ph. Meadowe.

From the head-quarters at Cogel, 4 leagues
from Copenhagen, Feb. 14, 165⁷/8.

Prince Rupert to the states-general.

Lectum den S Martii 1651. [N. S.]

In the possession of the right honourable Philip lord Hardwicke, lord high-chancellor of Great Britain.

Hauts et puissants seigneurs,
J'ay trop de part à tout ce qui concerne la reine ma mere & les interests de nostre maison, pour n'avoir pas esté sensiblement touché de l'affliction, qu'on luy accusé par l'enlevement de ma sæ la princesse Louise; mais aussy j'ay eu beaucoup de consolation, quand j'ay sçeu, que vos seigneuries avoient pris l'affaire en main, & que vous aviez consideré les trés-justes plaintes de la reine avec toute la tendresse & la reflection de vostre justice & de vostre prudence. J'espere, messieurs, que vous serez avoir à la reine & à toute nostre maison la satisfaction, qui nous est deu, & à l'égard des medisances, qui augmentent si outragieusement l'injure, qui nous a esté faite par ledit enlevement. Je vous supplie, messieurs, de nous donner de nouvelles marques de la continuation de vostre affection & de vostre justice, & de croire, qu'en mon particulier je n'oublieray jamais de tesmoigner à vos seigneuries en toutes occasions par mes très-humbles services la reconnoissance de vostre amitie & de vostre protection, vous protestant, que je suis avec passion,
Hauts & puissants seigneurs,
Vostre très-humble serviteur,
Signé, Rupert.

Frankfurt, den 24 Febr. 1658. [N. S.]

Monsieur Fly to Bordeaux, the French embassador in England.

Calais, the 24 of Feb. 1658. [N. S.]

Vol. lvii. p. 335.

My lords,
There be six frigots gone out of Dunkirk since that the English ships were forced to leave that road; they be very poorly mann'd, and are gone for Zealand to be victual'd and equipped. If the English ships do not suddenly return before Dunkirk, the enemy will be master of that coast, and very much prejudice Mardike. Wherefore it is very necessary and requisite, that two or three frigots should be ordered to secure that coast. Those things, which I sent to Mardike, are got safe thither. And this is all the news I have to impart to your lordship at present.

Charisius to Petkum.

Hague, 25th Feb. 1658. [N. S.]

Vol. lvii. p. 342.

Sir,
Monsieur Rosenwinge and myself are very much troubled to hear the sad news, which is befallen to our king and master, the Swedes having made themselves masters of the island of Funen, and are got likewise into Zealand. This hath caused the lord Rosenwinge to present another memorandum to the lords states, to hasten their assistance, which they owe and have promised to our king and master; but it seemeth the said assistance is not yet so ready as we could wish. In the mean time, they will do all that they can, to cause the king of Sweden to accept of the mediation long since offered and refused by reason of the ratification of Elbing, which the king of Sweden desireth to have first, before he accepts of the said mediation.

Intelligence sent from Holland by resident Bradshaw.

De Bruxelles, ce 25 Fevrier 1658. [N. S.]

Vol. lvii. p. 337.

Enfin les lettres d'Angleterre, que nous n'avons pas eu dans 2 semaines, sont venus: ce n'est pas sans raison, que le protecteur ne pas voulu faire passer la poste, puisqu'il a derechef chassé le parlement, qui a esté establie; dont on mande de Londres, que c'es toit le peuple, qui en est fort malcontent, & qu'il est apparence de venir des grandes troubles en ce pays. Il a eu dessein de faire couronner son fils, & luy demeurer protecteur; mais on dit icy, qu'il y a quelque grande entreprise à faire en Angleterre, dont on sçaura plustost l'effect & l'execution, que le dessein qui a esté projecté.

S. A. serenissime le prince Juan d' Austriche a envoyé quelques troupes de gens de guerre au costé du Nord de Flandre, pour renfermer les garrisons de quelques forts, dont les Anglois, comme on sçait icy très-bien, ont eu dessein. Par ce moyen on espere, que cela sera empesché, cevray que les places estoient comme abandonnés, puisqu'il ne mangeoit toute chose; & on s'imagine icy, que le protecteur aura tant à faire en Angleterre, qu'il ne songera pas de poursuivre ses desseins en ces quartiers.

D. Esteron de Gamarra, ambassadeur de Spagne en Hollande, sera aujourd'huy icy, & sans le facheux temps, qu'il a fait, qu'a rendu les chemins, principalement ceux qu'il doit tenir, non-passables. C'est incertain, si ledit ambassadeur retournera en Hollande. Il semble, que toutes affaires icy cessent par les très-mauvais temps, qu'il continue à faire; qu'avec l'attente on l'est des decrets & ordres d'Espagne pour la campagne prochain en ce quartier, & aussy de l'issu de l'assemblée de Frankfort fait, que tout est aucunement comme en surçeance.

On parle, que le marquis de Caracena doit aller en Espagne, & que le marquis d'Aylona doit estre icy en sa place. Cependant monsr. le prince de Condé se porte pas encore si bien, qu'on n'ait jugé necessaire depuis 3 à 4 jours de luy tirer encore du sang par deux fois; & il a une enflure de gorge, que luy donne de la peine à partir. C'est pourquoy toute la cour commence à desesperer, qu'on n'aura plus de service de luy, comme on desiroit bien d'en avoir. Il y a eu des propositions pour la levée de 5 à 6 mille hommes, que les ecclesiastiques deperdita doivent faire, & entretenir à leur depens; & on tient, que de la part de la cour les Jesuits en seroient disposé pour cela par l'entretenir pendant toute la campagne prochain. On avoit esperé icy, que messieurs d'Hollande auront pris à cæur l'affaire de Mardike, & qu'ils n'auront pas permis, qu'on leur mette ce cavesson sur le nez; mais puis qu'il rien paroist, on n'espere plus rien d'eux. Le roy d'Escosse est tousjours à Anvers avec madame sa sæur; cependant le due de York a esté icy, & s'en est retourné vers de-là.

Secretary Thurloe to Lockhart, embassador in France.

In the possession of Joseph Radcliffe of the Inner Temple esq.

Your's of the 6/16 came to my hands this day, by which I perceive your excellency had received none from me at the coming away of the post from Paris; which I wonder at, having writ to your excellency, as I take it, three weeks since, and after that twice every week, being very desirous, that the business of the next campaign, as far as it concerned this nation, may be brought to some certain issue. And I do not apprehend from whence, or upon what grounds the French should be jealous, his highness should delay the consideration and conclusion thereof, or what design should lead him to any such counsels: but if I mistake not, the rise of all consideration in reference to the secret article might arise from that side, who most declare their intention as to what they resolve to do this spring, and by what means and in what manner they intend to endeavour the performance of the secret treaty. We on our part have fulfilled it, and much more, as I have writ more at large by my former letters some posts since. We are obliged to furnish them provision for their money, which we are ready, and shall not fail them one hour, when we know what they desire, which we yet do not; for your first letters, which did in particular specify those provisions, never coming to my hand, and all your following letters referring to that, I am wholly in the dark, and I have in all mine for these three weeks together endeavoured to set this right; but none of them are yet come to hand. I hope some of them are by you, or at least this will, that I may be more particularly informed concerning those provisions: and until I do receive your excellency's direction therein, I delay to receive the money assigned for those provisions; but it remains in mr. Ashurst's hands. I never heard, that mr. Noel gave you any such answer, nor did he ever tell me, that he was forced to return your bill without payment: if he had, I should have taken better care in it, and shall for the future, and am now sending to him about it. As to what you writ about the French registers in the Tower, I shall give your excellence an account thereof by the next, after I have spoke with the keeper of them. In the mean time I am not able to comprehend the reason, why they desire to have the copy of them, I am
Whitehall, February 15/25 1657/8.

Your's.

Do you hear nowhere of the Flanders business ?

This night after my letter was writ, the French ambassador came to me about the English troops in Flanders and France, that they may be made up 6000 compleat; and said, that your excellency and the cardinal were come to some agreement; and he also spoke of the satisfaction the cardinal had given about the pay of the said English forces.

Mr. Robert Jermy, &c. to the protector.

Vol. lvii. p. 382.

May it please your highness,
In obedience to your highness's order we have further examined major Fletcher, and your highness will find this inclosed to speak his utmost desires and fears; and truly we cannot but look upon him: and it is our humble request, your highness will be pleased to make him an object of your pity and mercy; for we find by him, that there may be a discovery of some considerable persons besides those now mentioned. His very earnest desires are, that this with his inclosed should be made known to his highness, without discovery to any person. We shall humbly wait for your highness's farther pleasure and directions herein, and take the boldness to subscribe ourselves,
Your highness's most humble and faithful servants,
Robert Jermy.

Tho. Tole.

William Life.

Jo. Cason.

The 15th February 1657.

Major J. Fletcher to the protector.

Vol. lvii. p. 381.

May it please your highnesse,
I shall willingly submitt to your highnesse scruple as to the acte of murder, haveinge my conscience cleare from any such guilt; and shall make a full and cleare discovery of persons, and charge them particularly, if your highnesse shall please to thinke upon mee in mercy as to a futur subsistancy, as well as lyfe and freedome, that I may not bee exposed to the scorne and contempt of those, that will then bee my enemyes, nor forced to begg my bread, or starve for want of foode. And that your highnesse may clearely understand, that I doe intend a reall and full discovery as to any thinge within my knowlege, I doe here name some persons, which with some others your highnesse shall receve a particular charge against; and as many as are under my knowlege shall imediately bee discovered, and so neare as I can the place of theire residence. Only there are some persons, who haveinge relations to a persone of honor, and dayly with your highnesse, I dare not yet discover, least they escape, and I loose my life by chargeinge such persons, as haveinge greate friends and intrest to take them off; but shall not bee wantinge to give your highnesse all the satisfaction I can, by those persons your highnesse shall please to appointe to receive it. And I shall ever pray for your highness's health, safety, and prosperity.

Lyn, Febr. 15, 1657.

John Fletcher.

The persons names are,

Robert Baxter.

Edward Harsnett.

Thomas Spycer.

Perry Owin.

John Titus.

William Aldum.

Col. Gibbon to secretary Thurloe.

Vol. lvii. p. 344.

Sir,
My two men, which I mentioned in mine in the morning, are returned this evening. The accompt they gave me is as followeth; they can heare of no such place as Blackwell. One brings accompt, that there is a Dutch vessel lying at Neckinton, two miles below Feversham; and that they had layn there about a month. The other person went to Feversham, and beyond to a place called Owre, where there was three Dutch vessels belonging to the Zurick-seas, which had been there during the frost; and intend to returne so soon as the weather breaks to take oysters. I also understand, that there is one at Quenborough, and some at Rochester, that have staid also by means of this frosty weather. This I thought expedient to give you an accompt of it. To morrow morning I intend to send out again, to make what further discoveries I can in the business. I am,
Canterbury, Feb. 15, 1657, this evening.

Sir,
Your most humble servant,
Ralph Gibbon.

Sir, I pray send me word, whether or no there be not a mistake in the name Blackwell, by reason I cannot hear of any such place in all the coast. I conceive it may do well, if there were orders given for a small man of war to lye at the east-end of the isle of Shipey, that may search all such vessels, that goe out at either side of the island.

Secretary Thurloe to H. Cromwell, lord-deputy of Ireland.

In the possession of the right hon. the earl of Shelburn.

My lord,
I gave your lordship some account by my last of the dissatisfaction, which major Packer and all the captaines of that regiment had expressed touchinge the present governement, and of some discourse his highnesse had with them thereupon. The first discourse was only before my lord Fleetwood and generall Desbrowe, when they expressed the perticulers of their dissatisfaction; but the rest were before very many officers, such who could not be supposed to have any prejudice to them, as colonel Kelsey, major Haynes, col. Berry, major Creed, col. Goffe, lieutenant-generall Whalley, and many others: but at these more publique meetings they would descend to noe perticuler, but sayd, that notwithstandinge what H. H. had sayd, they could not say, but their dissatisfactions remeyne with them; but however, they were ready to follow his highnesse upon the grounds of the good old cause. H. H. asked them, what they meant by the good old cause? and bid them instance but in one perticuler, wherein he had departed from it, stateinge to them what he understood by the good old cause in perticuler. But they kept themselves in generall termes (which I did perceive none of the company did like in them;) soe at last H. H. told them, that as their temper and spirits were, he thought it not for their owne good, nor for the safetye of the nation, that they should continue their comands in the army; and thereupon dismist them. There are yet no other officers put in the head of that troope, nor doe I knowe, who will be the men: severall are spoke of, as major-generall Boteler, major Swallow, and captain Lloyd for majors; the captaines, who are named, am not acquainted with.

Amongst the rest, who were present at their dismission, were col. Mitchell, col. Talbot, and col. Cobbett, who all severally and unanimously came to his highnesse, and declared to hym their satisfaction both in himselfe and the government; and that they would live and dye with his highnesse. I heare of no other steps made or makeinge about the armye, nor can I yet give your excellencye any light into the way intended here to supply the pressinge necessities of the state, which are more than I can expresse. I beleeve, you are sensible of the want of money in Ireland, and not without cause: there is the like want in Scotland and this place; and I beleeve things cannot abide long without a very considerable supplye of money. Which way this is to be had I doe not yet see, nor can I acquaint your excellencye what thoughts are about it in others; only I trust God will lead us out of this mist and darkenes, as he hath done in other tyme. But till thinges are more visible then now they are, I should but speake vanitye intellinge you of what endeavours I will use to get you money for Ireland; for all endeavours of this kinde will signify nothinge, and be to noe purpose: I say untill matters are put into some other way, and then I hope your lordship will be confident, that whilst I live, you cannot have a more faithfull servant then myselfe in all things, that may concerne your person or affaires. The old enemie is endeavouringe what he can to forme an insurrection here, and an invasion from abroad; but all things doe not hitt to his minde. Most of the Spanish foot are drawne together towards the sea-coast in Flanders, and I beleeve they have bought some ships in the Lowcountryes to transport them, and are to our knowledge tincklinge with some of our garrisons, to obteyne one of them for a landinge-place. But I hope they will not be able to accomplish any great matter at this time: and if they be defeated in this, it's possible they will turne their preparations made in Flanders to the beseidgeinge of Mardyke; which doth sticke in their stommacks. I finde not, that they have formed any great designe in Ireland. Ormond was in this towne some dayes very lately, to lay their matters; but I doe heare, that things doe not answere his expectation, which it seemes was great. I got knowledge of his business, but could not come at his person. I beseech your lordship not to mention this to any body.

Mr. Downing now at the Hague sent an expresse to me, acquaintinge mè, that the kinge of Sweden hath taken the island of Funen from the Dane. It lyes next to that of Zealand, wherein Elsinor stands; and it's doubted, that he may attempt that alsoe by the advantage of the ice; which if he doth, and carryes it, he is master of one side of the Sound.

This progresse of the Swede doth very much startle the Dutch, and they are makeinge all manner of preparation for the releife of the Dane; and find themselves much entangled, fearinge, that if they assist the Dane, England will assist the Swede. Besides, their warre with Portugall at this tyme doth trouble them; and they would faine have an end of it, if they could doe it honourablie. They accept the mediation of his highnes, and are willinge to treate; but are unwillinge to grant a cessation of armes in the meane tyme. I feare I have troubled your excellencye too much, and will therefore end, beseeching you to esteeme me
Your excellencyes most humble and faithfull servant,
Jo. Thurloe.

Whitehall, 16 Febr. 1657.

Mr. Rich is very weake, and like to dye.

Since my writinge, mr. Rich is dead.

General Monck to secretary Thurloe.

Vol. lxiii. p. 355.

Honoured sir,
I Receiv'd your letter, by which I perceive his highnes hath discharg'd major Packer, and the rest of his captaines. Truly as to the major, I lookt uppon him a longe time as a discontented and dangerous person, and he hath gotten many discontented persons both of officers and troopers into his highnes's regiment, that I lookt upon itt as the worst regiment in the army for disaffection to the present government. I am very glad to heare, that coll. Michell, coll. Cobbet, and coll. Talbott have given his highnesse such satisfaction of their faithfullnesse to him. All thinges heere are quiett and well, and I hope will continue foe; but monies begin to grow scarce with us. I remayne
Dalkeith, 16 Feb. 1657/5.

Your very affectionate humble servant,
George Monck.

Secretary Thurloe to Lockhart, embassador in France.

In the possession of Joseph Radcliffe, of the Inner Temple esq.

If you please to looke into the 24th article of the peace concluded with France, you soe what was there provided concerning damages suffered by sea, from the year 1640 unto 1655; in which nothing being yet done, severall petitions have been made to his H. by many poore persons reduced to extremity by the losses they then sustained from the French; whereupon by H. H. command I writt the 3d of November last to the French ambassador, to sollicite in the court the sending over of commissioners, the remedy constituted in the article to that purpose; who promised accordingly, but nothing returned therein. Your excellencye is therefore desired, according to the nature of the businesse, to move it, that the delay of tyme, which hath increased the calamity of the petitioners, may not have srustrated the good intention of the confederates for their redresse. I shall add nothing, but that I am
Whitehall, Feb. 16/26 1657/5.

Your's.

To the high and mighty lord protector Oliver,

lord of the states of England, Scotland and Ireland; and to the right the honorable council of state.

This title is not the direction of the letter, but stands in the body of it, directly following the recital of the great duke's title; for the letter or paper was sealed and directed to myself.

It follows in that paper thus:

To his highness's embassador, Richard Bradshaw, in the year 7166, in the month of February.

Vol. lvii. p. 256.

I never received any such letters, neither doe I believe he sent any such by way of Riga.

By order of my lord the emperor, and upon your honour's friendly desire to come in and be received, I have before this written seven letters at large to your honour, by way of Riga; I question not but the lord governor of Riga hath sent them unto you: and at present I send this express post with my pass, that your honour may with peace and good fortune set forth his journey. And as your honour shall come to the princes Demetrii Goroda, it is the will of his imperial majesty, my lord, that your honor shall be received according to the custom of an ambassador, with all due respect. In the mean time I commit your honour to God's protection. Written at his imperial majesty's castle the princes Demetrii Goroda, in the year 7166, the 27th day of February. [N. S.]

N. B. This letter or paper in the Russe langage was not subscribed by Nashokin, or any other; but sealed and delivered to me.

It is observable, that this paper or letter to which the governor Nashokin refers me in his of the 13th of Febr. is post-dated 14 days, and ought to precede the other, if not feigned; but their suddain news of the king of Sweden's success in Denmark suspended that.

The Swedish resident to the states-general.

Vol. lvii. p. 347.

The resident of Sweden having received from his majesty letters from Odenzee of the 12th instant, together with a pertinent relation of the victory, which God Almighty hath been pleased to give him in the taking the island of Funen, and destroying of the Danish army, which lay there; could not omit to give their H. and M. L. share (as being his majesty's ancient and confident friends and allies) of the joy for so great a blessing, in full confidence, that the same will make way for the restoring of the peace, which hath been so unreasonably broke on the Danish side; as also for the encreasing of the commerce of this state, which used to be continually disturbed in that corner: for the redressing whereof his majesty and his predecessors, upon their H. and M. L. earnest and many complaints and instances, did always shew themselves very unwilling: the said resident being able to assure their H. and M. L. that his majesty will still contribute all that lyeth in him for that end and purpose; and he doth expect likewise from their H. and M. L. all good and sincere amity and correspondence.

Hague, 27 Feb. 1658. [N. S.]

H. Appelboom.

Consul Maynard to secretary Thurloe.

Vol. lvii. p. 349.

My lord,
My laste intelligence from Spaigne I remitted your lordship by two severall ships, which went from hence to the Weste country; since that I had a letter from Cadix of the 2d of February, N. S. of which here followeth a copie in Inglish. The gallions, and some others, beeinge in all twenty-one shipes of warr, besides some merchantshipes, are prepareinge with all expedition for the Indies, and will be ready to departe by the end of March, if money doe not fail, which is now more scarce than ever. If we could have been throughly perswaded, that the Inglish fleete was gonn off this coaste, our fleere had been at sea before now, whatever other businesse had been laid aside; but the duke de Medina Cely thought, that had been but a trap to insnare us; but now he hath certayne intelligence from severall partes, of the Inglish fleet beeing gon into the Levant, he hopes to set out the fleete for the Indies before the Inglish returne. The admirall of this fleete carries about 52 gunnes, two others 44 gunnes a peice, some six more aboute 40 gunnes a peice, the rest from 28 to 36 gunnes; and notwithstandinge they are above 20 shipes, if the Inglish are here but with tenn frigotts, they will not fight them, if they can avoyde it. Against Portugall are preparations makinge on all sides; and 'tis given out, that wee have great incouragements from the Portugueze themselves, that they will declare for king Philip, when they shall see us enter that kingdome with a considerable army; but to esfecte what wee desire here, wants both men and money, notwithstanding the nobility contribute largely to the maintenance of the army against Portugall, and all the monies which was to have been spente in the feasts for the birth of the prince, is now converted for the rysinge soldiers for Portugall. The newes I formerly writ you, that the duke de Mattalo was rissen against the vice-kinge of Naples, the conde de Castrilho, and was in the field with 30 thousand men, is not thoroughly confirmed. It were good, that notice were given to his highnes the lord protector of Ingland, that there are some employed from hence to do him mischiefe; for the duke doth often express to don Vincente Totta Villa, that he wonders there is nothinge acted all this while in London, notwithstanding all the great expences they are at, and the many fair promises they have from thence. I have formerly writ you how one of them might be found out, who will discover all the rest, that are employed in that designe. This is a man of about twenty-eight years of age, whoe was a prisoner in Spaigne, and set at liberty on condition to free don Francesco de Anrade, one of the captains of the gallions, taken by the Inglishe fleete, which was accordingly done.

These people make little preparations to defend themselves from the Spaniards invasion; they have loste above four thousand of their best soldiers in their frontiers, whoe died with hunger and cold for want of their pay, which is kept from them by knavish ministers, for the queen orders the army to be paide above all things. The Portugueze have altered their resolutions in caryinge on the warr with Holland; for whereas they formerly resolved to graunte commissions to any, that would have them, they have now freed all the ships belonginge to the United Provinces, which were seiz'd on at the breakinge out of the warr, and will graunte noe letters of reprisals against the Dutch, notwithstanding the conde de Myra told me three dayes since, that if any considerable number of letters of mart were desired, they should all be graunted; but hither to there have been so few fought after, that they have not thought it fit to passe them. They are now dispatchinge an ambassador to the states of the United Provinces, to begg a peace. They give out, he will departe before the end of March; his name is don Ferdinando Telles de Meneses. They have given over their preparations by sea, and are now settinge out only two gallions for the East-indies, which will be ready to depart about a moneth hence. Here is no talke of sending a fleete for Brazill this yeare; so there goe but three or fower Inglish shipes on that imployment, which are ready to departe for the Byhia and Rio, and two or three Inglish shipes more are expected from London to go to Pernanbucco.

The French ambassador is still here; and though he have not yet finished his businesse, yet these people will not let him goe without firste concluding what he came for. Here hath been noe intelligence from his highness's fleete under the command of admiral Stoakes a long tyme. Wee heard at his first goinge into the Straites, that he destroy'd a Spanish man of warr in Mallaga roade: since we have heard nothing at all from them. The king of Portugal's subjects are very backward in doing our nation justice. I did lately present a paper to the queen, by which I made appeare, that her ministers had broken fourteen articles of the peace celebrated betwixt his highness and the king of Portugal. Shee told mee, shee was sorry for what had paste, and for the future all should be remedied. I shall forbear to trouble your honour with this businesse, if wee have redresse for the future. I shall make bold to sende your honour by next ship the particulars of the abuses the merchants have received in this kingdom, and humbly beseech your honour to move his highnes to have justice donn us.

I give your honour my humble thankes, that you were pleased to take notice of the abuse I received from the Dutchman, that came into my house with an intent to have assassinated me. He was a prisoner in this citty for that businesse, but gott free, and fledd to the frontiers, from whence he was sent back to this place, and by the queen's order is now sente home a prisoner to his country.

Here hath been lately a report rissen by some malignants, that sir Thomas Fairfax is in the head of an army of thirty thousand men, and hath already surprised Hull, and several other considerable garrisons; which is generally believed to be true by these giddy-headed people, notwithstanding all I could doe to the contrary. I have diligently searcht out the authors, and finde it was written from Oporto by one Erbery, an Inglishman, livinge there, to one Burr, liveing in this citty. I wish I had power to send them both prisoners into Ingland. The great ones here talke much of a union betwixt Ingland, France, Swedland and Portugal. The Irish fryers endeavour to villifie our nation, and are still castinge aspersions on us; nay his highness himself is not free from theire slanders. They scatter papers up and downe to make us to seeme vile to these people. Inclosed I make bold to send your honour a translation of a paper written by an Irish fryer well knowne; the original I keepe by me. Two words from his highnes to the king of Portugall would prevent any farther inconvenience in this matter: if one of them were sent prisoner into Ingland, it would scare all the rest. I beseech the lord to blesse and prosper your honour, which shall ever be the prayer of,
Lisbon, 17/27 of Feb. 165⁷/8.

My lord,
Your lordship's faithfull servant,
Tho. Maynard.

The translation of a paper written in Portugueze by an Irish fryer.

The bearer hereof Finella Cullava is a poor Irish widdow, and a catholick, which, in mere hatred to our holy faith, the Inglish heretycks sente her, in company of many other catholicks, slaves for the islands of the Barbados; and it pleased the Lord, that the ship, in which they were imbarked, was by foul weather forced into the port of Lisbon, and could not proceed in her intended voyage; for which reason this poor woman, and the rest of the Catholicks, remaine in this Christian citty, where they undergoe many necessities. Therefore it will be a charitable worke for every faithfull Christian to helpe them with their almes. In testymony of the truth, I have paste this certificate, written in the colledge of our lady of Oration, in the street called the Faugus das Farinias in the citty of Lisbon, the 21st of October, 1657.

Fryer Theodor of Jesus.

H. Cromwell, lord-deputy of Ireland, to secretary Thurloe.

Vol. lvii. p. 353.

Sir,
Although I was heartily glad to see your hand again, yet in the close of your letter, where you mention the strayning of your strength, you give me cause to chide you in putting your self to that inconvenience to gratifie mee. Your intelligence is, and ever was very advantagious and directive to my affaires; but yet I had rather make shift with the less perfect relations of others, then trouble you unseasonably.

What I writt to my lord Broghil and your self, toucheing my obligations to you, will in time become as evident as it is true. The parliament being dissolved, and many haveing discovered their disaffections, it will certeinly concern his highnes to have a more then ordinary eye upon those, whoe are apt to disturb us. You may remember I ever placed much upon the well regulateing of the councill and army. I see things are acted suddenly and unexpectedly: wherefore I thinke it in vain for mee to offer much at perticulars by way of advice in this matter. Such of the officers of the army here as happned to bee in town, when the newes of this staggering in the English army arrived, offered very freely and unanimously to make an address to his highnes, to manifest their resolutions of adhereing to him against all those, whose perticular animosities endeavoured to reimbroyle the publique. I gave the motion the fittest answere and reception I could at the present, neither inflameing nor quenching it, at which stay I shall strive to keep it till I heare from you. My feares are concerning money. I believe your streights are great, and will bee greater, unless the Lord help; but really ours are not tollerable; and yet we have neither order nor means to reduce the military charge: I say the charge, for to abate the forces, I beleeve doeth not stand with the nature of present affaires. Indeed som in England are extreamly mistaken in the revenue; for it will not afford 40000 l. per ann. towards the army; whereas they think it will yield 100,000. Wee heare nothing certeyn about the contract for 70000 l. per ann. for the custome and excise, which unless wee doe, I shall not depend upon more than half from that branch, nor so much as som thinke by 10000 l. I remaine
Your affectionate friend, and humble servant,
H. Cromwell.

Feb. 17th 1657.

H. Cromwell, lord-deputy of Ireland, to lord Fauconberg.

17th Feb. 1657.

In the possession of William Cromwell esq.

As to a longer restraint from my friends in England, I willingly submitt unto it, as warranted by your lordship's advice; but the bone of that bitt, which I can scarce swallow, is my restraint from your lordship's self, with whom I long (to use plain vulgar words) to be acquainted. My heart is full of apprehensions concerning the late passages; but his highness doing all things so besides and beyond expectation, it is beyond my expectations too, if I should say any thing pertinently upon these matters, not hoping to see at this distance what better eyes poring upon his highness's actions and councells cannot.

Surely, my lord, your lordship has expressed as much love to our interest in putting to sea this weather upon our bottom, as those did of faction, who would be re-baptized in frosty weather; but I hope things will mend, when Packer with his pack of troublesome ones are sent packing; for I cannot think, that the spirits of the northerne climats are so hott, as to be rarified into revenge upon the account of particular animosities, when the councell and army are satisfactorily modelled. I shall hope well till then. I shall see no second causes of our peace. 'Tis not enough, that the army be obedient, but that the councell (whose ministers and executioners they are) be prudent and well-affected. I thank God the army here is very firm, having unanimously offered to manifest their affections to his highness and government; which I like the better, because they have a due and rationall sense of respects to parliaments, and of their fellow-soldiers in England undutifulness.