Argyll House, No. 211, King's Road

CXXVI.—ARGYLL HOUSE, No. 211, KING'S ROAD.

Ground landlord, leaseholders, etc.

The property is part of the glebe; the present leaseholder being R. D. Norton, Esq.

General description and date of structure.

Argyll House, which owes its name to John, fourth Duke of Argyll, who lived here during the last two years of his life (1769–70), was built for John Perrin (or Pierene) in the year 1723, by Giacomo Leoni, the Venetian architect. Perrin's name appears in the rate-books for this house from 1724 to 1740; his initials, in monogram form, are to be seen in the wroughtiron gate, and, with the addition of an A, probably for his wife, are found on the two rain-water heads on the garden front together with the date, thus:— [JAP 1723]

Leoni, who came to England under the patronage of Lord Burlington, and practised here until his death in 1746, is known chiefly by his designs for Moor Park, Herts., the Duke of Queensbury's house in Burlington Gardens (since destroyed), and for the Great House at Carshalton (fn. 1), which was never erected. He published, in 1726, a large folio volume on the architecture of Alberti, and with it an appendix illustrating some of his own designs "both publick and private." On page 5 under title of "A little, country house," is the following description of Argyll House:—"Upon the King's Road between Chelsea and London this little House of my Invention was built for Mr. John Pierene. The Kitchen, Buttery and other offices are within the Basement. The Apartments are of a size, suitable to a private Family. The Door in Front is Doric, with two columns and two half Pilasters. The ornaments of the Windows are all of Stone, as is also the great Cornice; the rest is gray Brick, which in my opinion sorting extremely well with white Stone, makes a beautiful Harmony of Colours. At the further End of the Garden behind the House, into which you descend from a small Terrass, are the Stables and Coach-houses, with Lodgings for Servants. The Front towards the Road has a Courtyard, enclosed with an Iron Palisade." With this description are three drawings:—Plate XX.—Plan of the ground floor. Plate XXI.—Plan of the upper floor. Plate XXII. —Elevation of the front towards the King's Road.

The house seems almost in every detail to have been left untouched since Leoni built it, and although the stock brick on which he prided himself, gives it a somewhat modern appearance, yet the design is in every way distinguished.

The building is of two storeys, divided on the street front by a stone band beneath the windows of the first floor and a projecting brick band lower down. A parapet and stone cornice crown the wall and hide the roof. Five sash windows, symmetrically spaced, light the first floor, the centre one having a broad architrave and a pediment on brackets, while the two each side have a small cornice also supported by brackets. The frames of the windows, like the four on the ground floor, which are without cornices, are hidden in plain reveals. The main doorway, which occupies the centre of the front, is a vigorous composition, having two threequarter columns, flanking pilasters and entablature of the Roman Doric order. The cornice is surmounted by a stone balustrade between pedestals which bear two good vases. The wrought-iron gate is of excellent design, evidently dating from 1723, with side panels and a good overthrow of scroll-work, the latter bearing John Perrin's initials, interlaced backwards and forwards like other monograms of the period.

The garden or south front is arranged similarly to the north elevation. The cornice and band are here, however, of plain projecting courses of brick. The windows are without any added feature, the two to the south-west room having been converted at some time into French casements. The doorway is a good example of a somewhat unconventional treatment, with Doric entablature, and has its original double pair of glazed doors. A low wall, with stone coping, screens the area that lights the basement, and finishes in two piers each side of the doorway, bearing stone vases. The lead rain-water heads, with the initials and date referred to above, are at each extremity of this front, and a lead figure of a winged cherub stands on a pedestal in the garden.

There is also in the garden a lead tank which was formerly fixed in the house. It bears the date 1715, and in two panels of the usual type, a repetition of the initials: [FMR]

Although these letters do not tally with those on the rain-water heads, it is quite possible that this is the original cistern brought to the house, for its date shows that it was made for another place eight years before Argyll House was built.

To the east of the main block are modern domestic offices, built apparently upon the foundations of original outbuildings.

The ground floor internally is panelled throughout from floor to ceiling and appears to have been left untouched since the building of the house. The moulding used is the simple ovolo. The staircase hall is panelled on both floors, and has a dado moulding following the section and slope of the handrail. The stair is a fine Georgian example with stepped string, good 2½ in. columnar balusters (two to each tread) and moulded handrail with ramps over newels. The newels are designed as columns, the lowest one being replaced in the usual way by a ring of balusters.

From the staircase hall, on both floors, a semi-circular panelled arch, with key block, leads into a passage, which on the ground floor continues to the garden door in the south wall. The remainder of the plan is divided between two sitting rooms and a dining room, the last named being south of the staircase, at the back of which is a small ante-room (or servery) which effects a communication between the dining room and the stair to kitchen in basement. The cornices throughout are in wood and of the bold design common in the early 18th century.

The chimney-pieces differ in form. That in the dining room has a marble surround with console brackets supporting the shelf. In the back sitting room is a stone surround with wood dentil cornice to shelf. The front room has an enriched cornice shelf supported on consoles, while the surround and interior has at some time been arranged with tiles.

The bedrooms are all of interest. The front room has a panelled dado with a 4 in. moulded top. The fireplace is arranged with plain stone slips and an enriched architrave surrounding them. Two cupboards, one on each side of the fireplace, have moulded semicircular arches over. There are three bedrooms at the back, the centre one (over the passage below) being now used as a bath room; these three rooms, together with the little ante-room (over the servery), are all completely panelled. The fireplaces are of a uniform pattern,—plain stone surrounds with moulded outer and inner edge, which appear to be the usual pattern in Chelsea at this date.

The principal room in the basement is the kitchen, which has many of its original fittings left. An old charcoal stove is still in position in a room leading off the kitchen.

This and the adjoining houses were recently threatened with removal to make way for modern flats, but the public spirit of the Rector, the Ven. Archdeacon Bevan, who refused his consent, has saved for Chelsea these important monuments.

Condition of repair.

Excellent.

Historical notes.

The following are the residents in Argyll House until the year 1800.

Mr. Beaver tells us that "Mr. Mascall, a gentleman who took an active interest in local affairs, lived here for many years; afterwards Mr. Boyd, Palmerston's' man with the white hat,' and until recently, Madame Venturie, the friend of Mazzini."

In the Council's ms. collection are:—

Measured drawings.

(fn. 2) Plan of ground floor.
Back and (fn. 2) front elevations.
(fn. 2) Section.
(fn. 2) Front doorway and window over.
(fn. 2) Garden door.
(fn. 2) Wrought iron gates.
(fn. 2) Fireplace on ground floor.
(fn. 2) Lead cistern.

Photographs.

General view from road, 2 views.
(fn. 2) Centre of house and iron gates.
Another view of the same.
(fn. 2) Garden and back view.
(fn. 2) Front doorway.
(fn. 2) Garden doorway.
(fn. 2) Lead rain-water head.
Lead cistern.
Hall and passage.
(fn. 2) Stair, ground floor.
(fn. 2) Stair, upper part.
Dining room.
Dining room, fireplace.
(fn. 2) Front sitting room.
Back sitting room.
Front bedroom.
South-east bedroom.
Kitchen.