Regesta 32: 1265-1268

Calendar of Papal Registers Relating To Great Britain and Ireland: Volume 1, 1198-1304. Originally published by Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London, 1893.

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'Regesta 32: 1265-1268', in Calendar of Papal Registers Relating To Great Britain and Ireland: Volume 1, 1198-1304, ed. W H Bliss( London, 1893), British History Online https://prod.british-history.ac.uk/cal-papal-registers/brit-ie/vol1/pp425-435 [accessed 6 November 2024].

'Regesta 32: 1265-1268', in Calendar of Papal Registers Relating To Great Britain and Ireland: Volume 1, 1198-1304. Edited by W H Bliss( London, 1893), British History Online, accessed November 6, 2024, https://prod.british-history.ac.uk/cal-papal-registers/brit-ie/vol1/pp425-435.

"Regesta 32: 1265-1268". Calendar of Papal Registers Relating To Great Britain and Ireland: Volume 1, 1198-1304. Ed. W H Bliss(London, 1893), , British History Online. Web. 6 November 2024. https://prod.british-history.ac.uk/cal-papal-registers/brit-ie/vol1/pp425-435.

In this section

Regesta Vol. XXXII.

1 Clement IV.

1265.
Id. April.
Perugia.
(f. 6.)
Translation of Reginald, bishop of Down, to the see of Cloyne, since Master Matthew, archdeacon of the same, who was postulated, could not be made bishop.
Ibid. Concurrent letters to the dean and chapter, to the clergy and people of the city and diocese, and to the archbishop of Cashel. [Theiner, 95.]
7 Kal. May.
Perugia.
(f. 6d.)
Mandate to the archbishop of Cashel to receive the resignation of Maurice, bishop of Ross, who, it appears, before his promotion, made a vow to enter the order of Friars Minors, his promotion itself having been made the occasion of scandals and homicides; in addition to which, his lack of knowledge and weakness of body unfit him to be a bishop, which office he has begged to resign. [Theiner, 95.]
4 Kal. May.
Perugia.
(f. 7.)
Absolution of John de Alneto, a Friar Minor, living in Ireland, from the provision and mandate of pope Urban, by whom he was appointed to the see of Raphoe, an incurable infirmity unfitting him for that office. [Theiner, 96.]
6 Kal. May.
Perugia.
(f. 7.)
Faculty to the bishop of Aberdeen to make provision to fit persons of certain canonries and prebends, churches, and benefices of his diocese, in his gift, which have devolved to the apostolic see by long voidance. [Theiner, 96.]
2 Kal. May.
Perugia.
(f. 7d.)
Confirmation to Reginald, bishop of Cloyne, of the collations to benefices made by him when bishop of Down, during a suit between him and Thomas Lidel, clerk, who said that he had been canonically elected bishop of that see. [Theiner, 96.]
4 Non. May.
Perugia.
(f. 8d.)
Mandate to Ottobon, cardinal of St. Adrian's, papal legate, to fulfil that office in England, to which the present pope, before his elevation, had been appointed by Urban IV., when disturbances were arising, in which the safety of the king and realm was threatened. Clement, being now no less anxious to give some help to England, instructs the cardinal legate to continue the mission begun by himself, and to be a messenger of peace in that realm, and in Scotland, Wales, and Ireland, and will cause any sentences which he pronounces, to be observed. [Theiner, 96.]
4 Non. May.
Perugia.
(f. 9.)
Monition and mandate to archbishops, bishops, abbots, deans, and all prelates in England, Scotland, Ireland, and Wales, to receive and obey the legate, and obey his advice and orders.
5 Id. May.
Perugia.
(f. 9d.)
To Lewis IX., announcing the mission of the cardinal legate in England to the king and queen, and their sons Edward and Eadmund, and desiring him to assist the legate in whatever way he can, so that the king and his house being restored, ecclesiastical liberty may be preserved and peace return to the kingdom.
6 Id. May.
Perugia.
(f. 9d.)
The like to the queen of France, begging her to use her influence with her husband.
Non. May.
Perugia.
(f. 9d.)
To Henry III., stating that the chief object of sending the legate is that the king and his house may be restored to their former position and the kingdon quieted. He desires the king to receive the legate favourably, and follow his advice.
Ibid.
(f. 10.)
The like to the queen of England.
3 Non. May.
Perugia.
(f. 10.)
Faculty to Ottobon, cardinal of St. Adrian's, papal legate, to relax oaths taken by the king and queen, their sons Edward and Eadmund, and any persons ecclesiastical or lay, and especially the oath said to have been taken by the queen and her sons, with regard to their return to the realm.
4 Non. May.
Perugia.
(f. 10.)
Faculty to the same to relax sentences of suspension, excommunication, and interdict; to remit injuries done to the Roman church, and to admit those who have committed them to the favour of the apostolic see; to collect troops, and march against those who oppose his mission, and to apply such ecclesiastical censures as he shall see fit against them.
3 Non. May.
Perugia.
(f. 10.)
Mandate to the same to compel prelates, nobles, and all other clergy and laymen of the realm, under pain of suspension and deprivation, to give up to the king all his cities, fortresses, lands, towns, castles, goods, and rights; and to deprive, as he shall see fit, the clerks, brothers, sons, and nephews of those who resist him of their benefices and honours, any grants or conventions to the contrary notwithstanding, by which he is to declare, if expedient, that the king, queen, and their sons are not bound.
Ibid.
(f. 10d.)
Faculty to the same to cite persons of his legation to appear before him, even though he be beyond the sea.
Ibid. Faculty to the same to apply, by himself or a deputy, such ecclesiastical censures against prelates, convents, nobles, and all persons and bodies of the realm as he shall see fit.
Ibid. Faculty to the same to punish archbishops, bishops, heads of religious houses, exempt or not, convents, chapters, or colleges, and all ecclesiastical persons, who do not obey him in regard to his mission, by suspension, citation to Rome, and deprivation.
6 Id. May.
Perugia.
(f. 10d.)
Power to the same to deprive secular clerks who are disobedient to him in all matters concerning his mission, of all papal favours granted to them, compelling by ecclesiastical censure the executors of the papal letters not to carry out their provisions.
3 Non. May.
Perugia.
(f. 10d.)
Faculty to the same to exercise ecclesiastical censures against any who in any way injure him or his household unless they make amends; and against places where such injury is done, unless the lords of those places, being laymen, make amends.
Ibid.
(f. 11.)
Faculty to the same to deprive religious of any order of their indults and privileges if they refuse to obey him.
Ibid. Licence to the same, if obliged to leave England, to return as often as the circumstances of his mission may require it, and to exercise his office even when not in England.
Ibid. Declaration that the legate's special commissions are not to interfere with the general object of his mission, which he is to prosecute fully and freely.
Ibid. Licence to the same to exercise his office, even if he be hindered from entering the realm.
Id. May.
Perugia.
(f. 11.)
Mandate to the same to warn and induce all prelates and nobles of the realm, and other clergy and laymen, to keep their oaths of fealty to the king, and to dissolve and abjure all conspiracies and confederations made by them, keeping none of their statutes, even though they, the king, queen, and their sons, have sworn to do so; also to compel the said prelates by sentence of suspension, and laymen, by depriving them of their fiefs and other goods which they withold from certain churches of the realm and others, and to use any other spiritual or temporal coercion. Prelates so suspended are to be summoned to appear before the pope to receive a further sentence.
4 Non. May.
Perugia.
(f. 11.)
Mandate and faculty to the same to preach a crusade in England, Scotland, Denmark, Norway, Wales, Ireland, Gascony, Brittany, Normandy, Flanders, Picardy, Poitou, Saintonge, Almain, and other parts of the empire, the lands of the counts of Poitou, Toulouse, Provence, and Anjou excepted, against those who rebel against the king or the legate, granting to those penitents who directly or indirectly assist such crusade, the same pardon of sins that is granted by the general council to those who go to the help of the Holy Land, with faculty to commute vows, except those for the kingdom of Sicily, and of religion, even those for Jerusalem, for this object.
Ibid. Power to the same to compel Teutonic knights and other who have helped the English rebels to desist, under pain of excommunication and interdict.
2 Non. May.
Perugia.
(f. 11d.)
Faculty to the same to grant to those who preach the crusade against the rebels power to grant a relaxation of forty days of enjoined penance to penitents who come to hear them.
3 Non. May.
Perugia.
(f. 11d.)
Licence to the same to grant a relaxation of a hundred days of enjoined penance to those penitents who come to hear him preach the word of God.
Ibid.
(f. 12.)
Licence to the same to grant a relaxation of a year and forty days of enjoined penance to those penitents who attend the conferences, congregations, solemn feasts and masses, and translations of saints held and celebrated within and without the limits of his legation.
Ibid. Licence to the same to grant a relaxation of forty days of enjoined penance to those penitents who assist in building churches.
Ibid. Faculty to the same to compel by ecclesiastical censures Friars Preachers and Friars Minors, and other religious, to do whatever he thinks will assist his mission.
Ibid. Licence to the same to grant dispensations to religious persons of his legation of any order who committed simony during his mission.
Ibid. Faculty to the same to grant licences to noble women, with a suitable company of women, to enter monasteries of any order, once a year, during his legation, for purposes of devotion, provided that they do not spend the night therein.
2 Id. May.
Perugia.
(f. 12.)
Faculty to the same to grant dispensations to four noble persons, related in the fourth degree of kindred, to intermarry.
4 Non. May.
Perugia.
(f. 12.)
Faculty to the same to absolve those prelates and monks who have incurred excommunication by disobeying statutes made for their monasteries by pope Gregory, and to dispense with them on account of irregularity contracted by joining in divine offices while under such sentence, a penance being enjoined them.
Ibid. Faculty to the same to grant dispensations to, by himself or others, and enjoin penance to ecclesiastics, regular or secular, on those ecclesiastics, regular or secular, on account of any irregularity which they have during his legation, incurred by receiving orders or ministering when under sentence of excommunication, suspension, or interdict.
Non. May.
Perugia.
(f. 12d.)
Faculty to the same to absolve those who have been excommunicated by judges, delegated by the pope, some of whom have died and have not been succeeded, others are not accessible and the jurisdiction of others has expired; satisfaction being first made by the persons concerned.
5 Id. May.
Perugia.
(f. 12d.)
Mandate to the same to cause to be collected a tenth of all church revenues in all parts of the realm, in Scotland, Wales, and Ireland, and in Norway, the only exemptions allowed being the monasteries of Cistercians, Carthusians, Templars, Hospitallers, St. Mary's Teutonic knights, and the order of St. Clare; the proceeds to be applied to the purposes of his mission. [Theiner, 98.]
4 Kal. June.
Perugia.
(f. 12d.)
Faculty to the same to grant dispensations to fifty clerks of illegitimate birth in England, and as many in Scotland, Wales, and Ireland, that they may minister in orders received and be promoted to higher orders, provided they are not sons of an adulterous, incestuous, or religious parent.
Ibid. Faculty to the same to grant dispensations to ten such persons in England, and as many in Scotland, Wales, and Ireland, that they may hold benefices with cure of souls, ordination and residence being required.
3 Non. May.
Perugia.
(f. 12d.)
Faculty to the same to make provision to his clerks of canonries and prebends.
6 Id. May.
Perugia.
(f. 13.)
Faculty to the same to make provision to five fit persons, of benefices, prebends, or dignities, in cathedral, or other churches of his legation; any papal indult or statute to the contrary notwithstanding.
Ibid. Faculty to the same to confer, by himself or others, on fit persons the benefices with or without cure of souls and dignities, and parsonages, void by the death or resignation during his absence from Rome of clerks in his retinue or service as legate, any statute or indult to the contrary notwithstanding.
Ibid. Indult to the same that clerks, in his service, may receive the fruits of their benefices and dignities, daily distributions excepted, any custom or statute to the contrary notwithstanding. If any of them have not kept their first residence this must be done after they leave his service.
4 Non. July.
Perugia.
(f. 23.)
Licence to the same to deprive the sons of noblemen and nephews of prelates in England, Wales, Scotland, and Ireland, who foster the disturbance therein, of all their ecclesiastical dignities and benefices, and render them ineligible to obtain others, unless within a given time, after formal monition, the said prelates and nobles, and their accomplices, obey the orders of the legate.
Kal.July.
Perugia.
(f.23d.)
To the same, inhibiting all inhabitants of the realm to oppose his entrance under pain of interdict, notwithstanding the indult granted to the king that the realm cannot be put under an interdict without full mention thereof.
Ibid. Mandate to the same, if the English will not admit him, to publicly inhibit in France the contraction of marriages with the rebels, and every commerce with England, or the receipt of messengers or letters thence without his order, on pain of excommunication.
Ibid. Mandate to the same to inhibit all prelates, chapters, convents, and colleges to proceed to any election, provision, or collation, before they have obeyed the legate's mandates; all such elections, collations, and provisions being hereby reserved to the pope.
Ibid. Mandate to the same to publicly announce to the rebels in France or elsewhere that unless they obey the legate's mandates within fixed time, their persons and goods may be seized and held by any who will and can take them.
6 Non. July.
Perugin.
(f. 23d.)
Mandate to all bishops and prelates to publish sentences of excommunication,suspension, and interdict issued by the legate against the rebels, when requested by him.
Ibid.
(f. 24.)
Faculty to the cardinal legate to pledge the tenth, ordered as above, and all proceeds and oblations, to the king of France on his assuming the said business in his own person or that of his eldest son Philip.
2 Non. July.
Perugin.
(f.24.)
Mandate to the same to publish in France the sentence of excommunication against certain barons of England and their accomplices, and the inhabitants of the Cinque Ports for contumacy, unless they cease, within one month, to follow and have anything to do with Simon, earl of Leicester.
14 Kal. June.
Perugia.
(f. 31d.)
Indult to Master Thomas de Lidel, rector of Rathlonge, in the diocese of Connor, in regard to the cause between him and the bishop of Cloyne, then bishop of Down. about the latter see, to which Thomas was elected, and of which the bishop said that provision was made to him by the metropolitan, but after long litigation at the papal court, resigned his right, and was thereupon appointed by the pope, bishop of Cloyne. The pope, therefore, declares that the objections of the bishop of Cloyne are not to the prejudice of Thomas: the rights of the clergy of Down, even of those who opposed him, being preserved. [Theiner, 98.]
3 Kal. Oct.
Perugia.
(f. 37d.)
Mandate to Ottobon, cardinal of St. Adrian's, papal legate, to provide the bishop of Norwich with a coadjutor on account of his age and weakness.
13 Kal. Aug.
Perugia.
(f.37d.)
Mandate to Master John, papal chaplain, canon of Anagni, in England, and James de Portu, canon of Syracuse, now in France, to make provision to Peter de Ferentino, papal chaplain, rector of St. Michael's York, of a benefice in the gift of the abbot and convent of St. Mary's, York, value 30 marks, they having been ordered by pope Urban to do this, the value of the benefices in their gift hitherto held by the said chaplain amounting to no more than 8 marks.
8 Kal. Dec.
Perugia.
(f. 41.)
Provision of Bonaventure, minister general of the Friars Minors, as archbishop of York, that see being void by the death of the late archbishop, and the election made by the dean and chapter annulled by the pope.
Ibid.
(f. 41d.)
Concurrent letters to the dean and chapter, to the clergy, to the suffragans and to all vassals of the see.

Curial Letters.

Id. Sept.
Perugia.
(f. 61.)
The pope cancels all confederations, conventions, and pacts made by the king and his son Edward, when in prison, and at Oxford and elsewhere, to their prejudice, and that of the realm, with Simon de Montfort and his accomplices, and also all grants, infeudations, collations, and institutions, made by the said Simon and those of his party. [Fœdera.]
Id. Sept.
Perugia.
(f. 61.)
Exhortation to Edward, the king's eldest son, to free his father from bondage, and relieve the oppression suffered by the church and the whole kingdom, in doing which he will be assisted by the cardinal legate. [Fœdera.]
Id. Sept.
Perugia.
(f. 61d.)
Mandate to Ottobon, cardinal legate, to publish the process and sentences of excommunication issued in France and England by pope Clement, when bishop of Sabina and cardinal legate, against Simon de Montfort, earl of Leicester, Roger, earl of Norfolk. Hugh le Despencer, justiciar of England, and other magnates of the realm, instigators of disturbance, and to warn the people to assist the king, and, until he is free, to obey his son Edward. Publication is to be made in the city of London, and the Cinque Ports, and other places in France and England.
Id. Sept.
Perugia.
(f. 62.)
Mandate to the same to warn and induce Llewellyn, prince of Wales, to detach himself, within a given time, from Simon de Montfort, and make satisfaction in regard to injuries done to certain castles and towns of the king and his wards, and of barons and others which he has seized and destroyed; if not, the legate is to excommunicate him and place his land under an interdict.
Ibid. Mandate to the same to absolve the said Llewellyn and all nobles, communes, and others in England, France, Ireland, Wales, and elsewhere, from oaths, promises, fealties, or homage by which they are bound to Simon de Montfort.
Ibid.
(f. 62d.)
Mandate to the same to take such measures as he shall see fit for the good of the king, his son Edward, and the realm, in regard to those bishops and religious and secular clerks who in their preaching have spoken of Simon de Montfort and his accomplices as men zealous in a good cause, and have praised their actions.
1265.
Id. Sept.
Perugia.
(f. 63.)
Monition and mandate to bishops and other prelates of the realm to assign the tenth of one year's proceeds of benefices, which they have collected for the defence of the kingdom, to the prelates deputed by the legate, and to dispose of it in no other away.
Ibid. Mandate to Ottobon, cardinal legate, to compel, by ecclesiastical censure and otherwise, those prelates who have collected the above tenth, and other detainers of it, to assign it to the prelates named by him.
8 Kal. Oct.
Perugia.
(f. 63.)
Mandate to the same, now that Edward is free and has taken up the defence of the kingdom, to depute, at the king's pleasure, two prelates to receive the tenth to be applied in his defence and in obtaining due restitution.
3 Kal. Oct.
Perugia.
(f. 63d.)
To the same, explaining that although the pope styles, as usual, those prelates ordered to collect and receive the tenth his beloved sons, and sends them his apostolic blessing, he does not intend thereby to absolve them from sentences of excommunication, suspension, and interdict, issued by him when legate, which sentences the present legate is to publish, as already ordered.
8 Kal. Dec.
Perugia.
(f. 63d.)
Mandate to the same to absolve Gilbert, earl of Gloucester, who has since taken the king's part, from the sentence of excommunication issued against him by the pope, and to remove the interdict placed on his land when he humbly asks for it. [Fœdera.]

2 Clement IV

1266.
6 Id. June.
Viterbo.
(f. 80.)
To Henry III., granting him for three years a tenth of all church revenues, secular and regular, in England, Wales, and Ireland; the Templars, Hospitallers, Teutonic knights of St. Mary, and the Carthusian and Cistercian orders, and that of St. Clare being excepted. The tenth is to be levied and collected according to the true, and not according to the old valuation, by persons appointed by the legate. [Theiner, 98.]
5 Id. June.
Viterbo.
(f. 80d.)
Mandate to Ottobon, cardinal legate, to cause the tenth to be collected as ordered above, and applied to the king's uses, any papal indult to the contrary notwithstanding.
6 Id. June.
Viterbo.
(f. 80d.)
Grant to Henry III. of a tenth in Scotland provided that the consent of king [Alexander] be obtained. [Theiner, 99.]
6 Id. June.
Viterbo.
(f. 80d.)
Concurrent mandate to Ottobon, legate.
6 Id. July.
Viterbo.
(f. 81.)
Mandate to the same to depute Walter, bishop of Bath and Wells, and Masters Stephen and Rufinus, archdeacons of Canterbury and Cleveland, papal chaplains, to spend the tenth wholly as the legate shall direct, first in paying the king's debts and providing for his other necessities.
10 Kal. July.
Viterbo.
(f. 81d.)
Mandate to the same to collect the tenth in Scotland, with that king's assent, and apply it to pay the debts of the queen; but if his assent be refused then 60,000 pounds of Tours of the English tenth is to be applied to the queen's necessities. [Theiner, 99.]
13 Kal. July.
Viterbo.
(f. 82.)
Mandate to the same to confirm the dower granted by the king to Eleanor, queen of England.
4 Kal. July.
Viterbo.
(f. 87.)
Mandate to the same to make enquiry, and report, under seal, to the pope about the bishop of Ely, who has been cited to the papal court, but in whose favour the king and his son Edward have petitioned. Pending the report, the citation is suspended.
3 Non. July.
Viterbo.
(f. 89d.)
Confirmation of the election of Thomas, bishop elect of Down. The see being void, the prior R. and the convent of St. Patrick's elected Thomas; but the archbishop of Armagh, on the election being presented to him, quashed it, because Reginald, bishop of Cloyne, then archdeacon of Down, and the abbots and convents of Bangor, Mainbile, Saball, and Cumbyr, and other clerks of the diocese of Down made opposition, assenting that the right of election did not belong to the monks alone, that Thomas was excommunicate, and a pluralist, and that he had renounced his election. Thomas then appealed to the pope, but the Archbishop appointed Reginald; on which Thomas came before pope Alexander, who appointed auditors of the cause, which was decided in favour of Thomas. After various processes, Reginald renounced the provision made to him by the archbishop, and the pope, after due examination and consultation confirms the election of Thomas; the question of the rights of election by the said abbots, convents, archdeacons, and clerks, being reserved. [Theiner, 100.]
Ibid. Concurrent letters to the prior and convent of St. Patrick's Down, and to the clergy of the diocese.
12 Kal. Oct.
Viterbo.
(f. 96d.)
Licence to Master Jordan, canon and precentor of Chartres, to hold the benefices which he has in France, together with the church of Bradinges, in the diocese of Winchester, and a prebend of York.

Curial Letters.

10 Kal. July.
Viterbo.
(f. 119.)
Mandate to the legate Ottobon to deduct from the three years tenth collected the amount due as yearly cess to the Roman church, now for sometime unpaid, and apply the balance to the king's uses.
17 Kal. Oct.
Viterbo.
(f. 120.)
Exhortation to the king of France not to allow the relict of Simon de Montfort, and her son Simon, to attempt, by means of his subjects, to recover the property which the said earl has most justly lost; but to assist the king of England in the restoration of his position.
17 Kal. Oct.
Viterbo.
(f. 121.)
Mandate to Simon, cardinal of St. Cecilia's, papal legate, to publish in the parliaments of Paris and elsewhere, the sentences of excommunication issued against those who have taken up arms against the king, or otherwise disturbed of the realm of England.
Ibid. The like to the archbishop elect of Rheims, and the archbishops of Rouen, Tours, Bourges and Sens.

3 Clement IV.

1267.
14 Kal. April.
Viterbo.
(f. 139.)
To Amalric de Montfort, canon of York, declaring him exempt from the annulling of all donations and collations made to his father, Simon de Montfort, and his adherents, in regard to the treasurership and prebend of York held by him.
5 Id. May.
Viterbo.
(f. 139d.)
Mandate to the legate Ottobon, to make enquiry and report to the pope about the assertion made by Amalric, son of Simon, earl of Leicester, that although his father asked for and obtained absolution before the battle, and gave signs of repentance before his death, his body did not have church burial, for which his son petitions.
Id. July.
Viterbo.
(f. 155d.)
Mandate to the same to publish the sentences of excommunication against the king's enemies, and an edict of general inhibition forbidding anyone to disturb the realm, or to take arms against the king, depriving those who do so of their fiefs held from churches.
Id. July.
Viterbo.
(f. 155d.)
Mandate to the same to collect and pay to the queen's creditors the 60,000 pounds of Tours, granted to her from the tenth of all church revenues for three years.
1268.
8 Id. Jan.
Viterbo.
(f. 181d.)
To W[alter Bronescombe], bishop of Exeter, some of whose clerks, already dispensed on account of illegitimacy so as to be ordained, and hold one benefice, have, without mentioning the said detect, obtained papal dispensation to hold two or more benefices; the pope declares that such dispensations do not hold good.

4 Clement IV.

1268.
Id. Mar.
Viterbo.
(f. 215d.)
Mandate to the legate Ottobon, to assign to the master and brethren of the Temple three churches of their patronage, to be applied to their uses on the death or resignation of the rectors, secular clerks being appointed as perpetual vicars with a fit portion.
5 Id. April.
Viterbo.
(f. 216.)
Mandate to the same to absolve the king from his crusader's vow, on sending his son Edmund with a suitable contingent to the assistance of the Holy Land; and to pay to the said son such sum from legacies and redemptions of Holy Land vows as the legate shall see fit.
17 Kal. July.
Viterbo.
(f. 229.)
Indult to Master William de Lacornere, papal chaplain, of illegitimate birth, already dispensed by Otho, bishop of Porto, then legate in England, so as to be ordained and hold a benefice, and further dispensed, as he says, by pope Alexander so as to be promoted to dignities, including a bishopric, to receive an archbishopric also. His election to a bishopric may be freely confirmed by the metropolitan.