E

East Indies. See Indies.

Edmondes, Thomas, knt., English Ambassador to Archduke in Flanders, 312, 360, 496n, 524n.

Edward III., of England, 521.

-, VI., Queen Elizabeth buried near, 36.

Effetti, Giovanni degli, Papal, or French, Agent in England, described, 104;

result of his negotiation, 111, 113.

Effigy, of Queen Elizabeth, at her funeral, 36,

removed, 66.

Egerton, Thomas, Viscount Brackley, created Lord Ellesmere of Ellesmere at Coronation of James I., 105n.

Egham, co. Surrey, despatch dated at, 97.

Elbassan, “Sanjak” of, 13.

Elector Frederick. See Palatine. Eliot,

-, English officer in Papal service, 600,

personal description of, 601,

his arrest authorized, 602.

Elizabeth (of Bohemia), only daughter of James I., mentioned, 6;

her mother obtains King's consent to educate her as a Roman Catholic, 66;

Spanish proposal for match between, and Prince of Piedmont, 81;

as child, at Oatlands. 104;

proposed match between, and Dauphin, 136;

to be proclaimed Queen in event of success of Gunpowder Plot, then in charge of Lord Harrington at Coombe Abbey, 447, 475;

visited at Greenwich by Venetian Ambassador, 561;

proposed match between, and son of Duke of Savoy, 663;

the like, with Duke of Tuscany, 739 (p. 520).

Elizabeth of England. letter of James I. to citizens of London, after her death, 6;

her nomination of heir suppressed by Privy Council, 6;

her lying in state, 6.

-, her recommendations, quà policy, to her successor, 10, 16.

-, directions as to her funeral, 12.

-, nominates her successor on her death-bed, 16.

-, the fortune left by her, 16.

-, King James declines to see, even dead, 22.

-, her portrait generally replaced by Queen Mary's, 22.

-, date of her funeral fixed, the Lady Arabella to attend, 22, 34.

-, full account of nature of her last illness, 32.

-, sketch of her policy of a Venetian alliance against Spain, 34.

-, description of her funeral, 36.

-, alleged proof from her papers of design of Mary Stuart to kill her son James, 40.

-, her “effigy” removed from Abbey, 66.

-, eulogy of, instances of her diplomatic adroitness, 66.

-, her attitude to “elevation of the Host” at her Coronation, 69.

-, theory that Spanish war was the result of personal and private quarrel between, and Philip II., 73.

-, the Marquis de Rosny, and suite, arrive in England, in mourning for, King's disgust, 81.

-, her “costly and gorgeous” wardrobe, her dresses altered for Queen Anne, 91.

-, monopolies granted by, 78, 109.

-, her, and her father's restricted use of loans by way of Privy Seal, 261.

-, her policy to Puritans, 355.

-, her care to make purveyance little irksome, 440.

-, her remark to Signor Giovanni Basadonna, 518.

-, eulogy of, 739 (pp. 510–512).

Ellesmere, Lord. See Egerton, Thomas.

Elman, Charles, his death, 438 and note.

Elphinstone, James, knt., Lord Balmerino, Secretary to King James, sworn of English Privy Council, 55;

his reported removal from office of President in Scotland. 534, 547.

Embargo, threatened, 678.

Emden, suggested Anglo-Spanish conference at, 186, 188, 191;

liberty of, threatened by Denmark, 251;

Imperial intrigue to prevent Count of, receiving Dutch aid, 261;

threatened by Spanish army, 560, 556;

Spaniards unable to recover;

Count of, seeks King James' intercession, for leave to live in, quietly, 579.

England, -, (1603), export trade from, to Leghorn, 3.

- -, alleged piracy by Englishmen, off Sicily, 3, 4.

-, -, Venetian Secretary in, despatches from. See Scaramelli.

-, -, attitude of King (James I.) to religion in, 6, 34.

-, -, action of Privy Council in, touching Queen's nomination of her heir, 6.

- -, fleet from to Indies, 6.

- -, piracy by ship of, in Levant, 7.

-, -, English ship fired on by Maltese, 8.

-, -, piracy in Levant by Queen's ship of, 9.

- -, troops raised in, for Netherlands, delayed, 11,

dispatched, 12;

significance of, re peace with Spain, 12.

- -, French stipulation for disuse by King of, of title of “King of France,” 12, 73, 98.

- -, attack by “pirate” from, on Consul da Mosto's ship;

Venetian action touching, 13, 29, 42.

- -, ship of, arrested by Turks, 14, 15.

- -, foreigners shipped from, to Holland, and Roman Catholics imprisoned in, to secure James' succession, 16.

- -, M. de Rosny, a Huguenot, sent Ambassador to, 17.

- -, objection by Privy Council in, to admission of Scot (Lord Kinloss), 22.

- -, claim by subjects of, against Venetian Government, 22, 23.

- -, all sailors of “pirates,” 27.

- -, truce between, and Flanders, 28, 34, 39.

- -, vessels landing passengers at Dover, searched, 28.

- -, relations of, to Spain, question of fortresses mortgaged to, by Dutch, 31, 70. See Cautionary Towns.

- -, desire in, for peace with Spain, 31, 34, 36.

- -, claim to throne of, by “Queen's niece,” 31.

- -, accession of James I. agreeable to, the causes, 32.

- -, survival of “lofty” policy of Queen Elizabeth in, 34.

- -, history of saltpetre supply in, 35.

- -, money value of resources of, at King James' accession, 36, 98.

- -, criminals in, hung on King's warrant only, 40.

- -, public and private expenditure in, over Coronation immense, 40.

- -, “interest and honour coincide,” a tenet in, 40.

-, names of pirates from, in Levant, 53.

- -, squadron of men-of-war of, destined by late Queen for Spain, inspected by King, at Greenwich, 55, 60.

- -, prisoners in Tower released, 55.

- -, slights put by King on ministers of late Queen, 55, 66.

- -, King James favours peace between, and Spain, 55.

- -, caution money required of ships of, in Zante, 57.

- -, good understanding between, and Spain, accounted impossible, 63.

- -, policy of France towards, touching Holland and Spain, 64.

- -, Englishmen hung in Zante for pirates, 65.

- -, attitude of “adoration” adopted by nobility of, to King, 66, 72.

- -, four Barons created, and Cecil restored to favour, by King, to remedy English discontent, 66.

- -, “Anglican Church” in, King proclaims himself head of, 66.

- -, return, to, of “privateers” on news of King James' accession, 69.

- -, coronation of Kings in, hitherto performed in, by Roman Catholic Bishops, 69.

- -, ill-will in, to Scottish subjects;

the union with Scotland a factor in securing peace between, and Spain, 69.

- -, Turkish officials in Levant shelter and trade with privateers from, 71.

- -, order by King, that privateers returning to, must declare goods on board in Admiralty Court, 72, 78;

other measures against piracy, 78,

not taken, 125, 166, 170, 208, 232.

- -, national party in, their dread of Spain's controlling Dutch navy, 73.

- -, English claim of the right of the flag, enforced, against French, 81, 86;

against Dutch, 86.

- -, French negotiations with (de Rosny's), 81, 90, 93, 98, 100, 107, 124 (text of agreement); 136, 139, 141, 147, 154, 161, (text) 162, 259.

- -, Spanish bribes for King and Privy Council in, 83, 86, 87.

-, profitable nature of piracy practised by ships of, in Mediterranean, 85.

- -, “recusancy fines,” a source of revenue in, 91.

- -, Ambassador of, in Turkey, salaried by Levant Company, 91.

- -, prizes taken from Spanish one month after Queen's death declared illegal, 96.

- -, plot against King (Raleigh's) discovered, 96;

account of, 101, 111, 124, 127, 132, 136, 158, 160, 164, 167, 168, 172, 175, 179.

- -, judge in, interviewed by prosecutor privately, before case comes on, 97.

- -, ships commissioned in, 96, 97.

- -, English merchants arrested at Salonica for complicity in piracy, 103.

-, King's Coronation, described, 105;

peers created for, 105n.

-, case of, against Venice, detailed, 109.

- -, Spanish bribes for chief Ministers in, 112, 139, 144.

- -, English and French in Dutch service fall out, 118.

- -, piracy by, at expense of Venice, encouraged by belief in inefficiency of Venetian fleet, and supposed insurance of all their ships, 128.

- -, Venetian competition not feared in, their ships being considered too big for English ports, 128.

- -, Lord High Admiral of, bribed, 127, 132, 135, 141, 145.

- -, Parliament summoned in, to settle union with Scotland, and question of religion, 132, 146.

- -, Ambassador of, in Turkey, intrigues for post of, 133.

- -, proposals by Archduke for peace between and Flanders, trade to be free, 136.

- -, French crew captured by Dutch on English soil, 136.

- -, Spanish proposals for peace with;

English aid to be denied to Dutch;

English trade with Indies to cease;

counter proposals of English touching Inquisition, 142.

- -, arguments of party in, opposed to Spanish peace, 142.

- -, effects of plague on trade of, 145, 147.

- -, value of currency in, 147.

- -, Venetian testimony to skill in navigation of English “pirates,” 152, 195.

- -, free navigation claimed for, in East Indies, 154.

- -, small store of money in, at King's accession;

plague hinders collection of taxes in, 158.

- -, value to, of Levant trade;

opinions in, touching, 175.

- -, (1604), execution of six pirates in, 181, 247.

- -, Christmas kept in, when, 182, 185.

- -, fleets for Portuguese Indies fitting out, 186, 191.

- -, desire in, for creation of a Duke, the only such title in existence (Lennox) being Scottish, 201, 288.

- -, fleets from, for West Indies, forbidden to touch at Spanish possessions, 205.

- -, refusal to incorporate Scottish with English peerage, an obstacle to the Union, 214.

- -, negotiations in London for Anglo-Spanish peace, 217, 223, 229, 233, 236, 241;

summary of terms, 242, 246, 248, 251, 257, 259, 261;

treaty of peace ratified, 266, 268, 276;

proclaimed in Spain, 296;

mission to Spain to receive oath to, 301 (see Howard, Charles);

signed in Spain, 383.

- - -, instance of valour of English “pirates,” 219.

- - -, Venetian Ambassador's criticism of distinction in English law between civil and criminal actions, endorsed by King James, 221; cf. 232.

- - -, powers of Spanish peace commissioners identical with those rejected by Queen Elizabeth at Boulogne Conference, 229.

- -, prisoners in, on a charge of smuggling at Zante, to be kept in prison at pleasure of Venetian ambassador, pledge of the judge of the Admiralty Court to that effect, 232.

- -, recruiting in, by Dutch and others, a relief to the surplus population of, 233.

- -, general desire in, to dispose of “big ships” in, upon certainty of peace with Spain;

action to prevent, by Privy Council, 236, 238.

- - -, bitterly cold in, and “everyone in furs,” at end of June, 236.

- -, Englishmen banished from in 1602, take to piracy on Barbary coast;

arrested by order of Porte, liberated by bribe to Bey of Algiers, they take service with Grand Duke of Tuscany, and, in his pay, destroy fort, &c., near Tunis, 216, 220, 223, 236, 237.

- -, rising in northern county of, in favour of the “Mass,” 241.

- -, detestation in, of Spaniards, 242.

- -, recruiting in, for Dutch, 243.

- -, dislike in, to Venetian prohibition of export of currants from Zante;

desire for an arrangement with Venice, and obliteration of old scores, 248.

- -, murder by Dutchmen, of sailors from Sandwich;

riot there against Dutch residents, 251.

- -, ancient relations of, with Hanse Towns, 251.

- -, recruiting in, for Danes, 251.

- -, mules bred in, 258.

- -, money raised in on Privy Seals;

method reserved by Tudors for great emergencies;

absence of justification for, and consequent unpopularity of King James' resort to, 261.

- -, loss to merchants of, in Spain, forced to accept payments in copper, 265.

- -, recruiting in for Spain, Spanish desire for, 266, cf. 242.

- -, deluge of Spanish, presents in, accepted by all;

respect in, paid only to the lavish, 266, 267 and note.

- -, assistance from, for Dutch, prohibited by Anglo-Spanish treaty, but recruiting in not prevented;

analogy of French assistance rendered under like conditions, 267, 333.

- -, hanging at Zante of English subjects, as pirates, 269.

- -, English piratical ship half manned by Turks from Tunis, 272.

- -, recruits for Dutch leave, after Spanish protest, 274, 278, 288.

- -, bribery universal in;

Venetian Ambassador informs his masters that he must bribe King's Ministers, to get leave to export saltpetre from, 274, 346.

- -, “English, who are pushing their trade all over the world, insist upon open markets,” comment on privileges of Hanse Towns, 278.

- -, proposed suspension of all relations between, and Turkey;

the King's indifference, 278.

- -, dislike in, to Spanish peace, and abandonment of Dutch, 278.

- -, interpretation of clause in treaty between, and Spain, concerning East Indian navigation, 291.

- -, on declaration of peace between, and Spain, English “corsairs” take service with Dutch;

Spanish protests, 292, 331.

- -, Sir Henry Wotton's memorandum touching treatment of merchants from, at Venice, and concentration of Levant trade at there, 294.

- -, objections in, to compensating Scottish commissioners for Union for lost luggage, 295, cf, 292.

- -, customs in, farmed by King to Cecil;

tax on currants (cf. 278) to Earl of Suffolk, 295.

- -, recruiting in, for service in Hungary, 295.

- -, heroic defence by English ship, 300, cf. 273, 289, 306, 331.

- -, libels posted up, against King in, 301.

- -, names “English” and “Scottish” merged in “Britons”;

treaties made with the “King of Scots,” voided by change of title, 301.

- -, Dutch seizures of English ships, 301.

- -, terms of Union between, and Scotland, arrived at by Commissioners, 307.

- -, abominable outrage on seamen of, by Spaniards in West Indies, 307.

- -, capture by five ships of one English pirate, 311.

- -, proclamation issued in, that trade with Flanders will be at traders' risk, 312, cf. 301.

- -, position of Puritans in;

the Royston petition, 313.

-, (1605), description of a wedding at Court, 323.

- -, customs levied on merchants of, in Spain, contrary to treaty, 325;

special mission to enquire into, 333.

- -, attempted recruiting in, for Spain and Archduke, 326, 360, 365, 369, 374, 385, 391, 393, 397, 404, 408, 410, 416, 426.

- -, list of custom dues levied in, on Venetian trade, 337.

- -, disquisition on customs levied in England and Venice respectively, and probable effect of their modification, 340.

- -, reports reach, from France, of imminence of revolution in;

anxiety of Privy Council;

arrests on suspicion;

Puritans suspected, 341.

- -, English ship, with letter of marque from Count Maurice, takes Spanish prize, and is driven into English harbour;

Spanish action, 341.

- -, recruiting in, for Dutch, 341, 357, 360, 374, 365, 391, 393, 397, 404.

- -, grievances of, against French, cloth seized at Rouen, 343, 359, 370.

- -, Ambassador from Lithuania to, drowned on way, by men of Dunquerque, 345.

- -, men of Dunquerque cut out Dutch prize from English harbour, 345.

- -, prize (Portuguese) made by Dutch in the Downs, discussion concerning, 348.

- -, unrepresented at Imperial Court;

consequent inability to act as intermediary between, and Turk, 350.

- -, order to Vice-Admirals in, to keep order between foreign vessels in ports of, 352.

- -, Cecil's account of policy to be pursued toward Roman Catholics in, no bloodshed, mitigated fines, 353.

- -, foreign ships not to leave ports of, till they have lain three tides, 362.

- -, imposture of the “sleeping preacher” in, 364, 368.

- -, book suppressed in, by intervention of Cecil, 368, 374.

- -, trade between, and Flanders. prevented by Dutch, 369.

- -, Commissioner (of Trade) requested to be sent from France, invitation declined, 370.

- -, ships of, in Venetian waters, to strike topsails and send boat to Venetian flagship, 371;

Venetian acknowledgments, with request for further concession, 376, 377, 380, 381;

Cecil's modification of order, 403, 404, 407, 417, 419, 420, 421, 422, 429, 439.

- -, English troops desert Count Maurice, 395.

- -, appointment of new Spanish Ambassador to, 396.

- -, Imperial embassy to, to solicit aid against Turk, 396.

- -, command of Channel in hands of Dutch, English acquiescence, 397.

- -, British subjects forbidden to take service in foreign men-of-war, 404.

- -, hardships occasioned in, by royal progress, 410.

- -, false money circulated in Spain by English merchants, 413.

- -, trade between, and Denmark, 427.

- -, a “French Company,” proposed in, 427.

- -, small-pox very common in, 435.

- -, farming the customs in, leads to illegal dues being levied, 435.

- -, English in Dutch service killed, 436.

- -, plot discovered in. See Gunpowder Plot.

- -, (1606), fleet commissioned in, 464.

- -, antipathy in, to Spanish peace, 467.

- -, recruits to be levied in, for defence of Brill, 474.

- -, capture of Dutch ship, with Spanish prize, diplomatic discussion, 474.

- -, fury in, against Roman Catholics, 483.

- -, recruiting in, for Flanders and Spain, to be stopped, 487.

- -, English ship captured by privateers at Melos, 494.

- -, anxiety in, for, and desire to assist, Dutch, 499, 511.

- -, Spanish outrage on English ships in West Indies, 511.

- -, English gentlemen, used to privateering, and rendered idle by peace, sail for West Indies on voyage of discovery, 515, 517, 523.

- -, Anglican Church involved in pains and penalties, by omission of “by grace of the King” in decrees, fine remitted, 526.

- -, “three subsidies, much evil, no redress,” popular saying, 526.

- -, enthusiasm in, for Venetian cause against Pope, 532, 537, 544.

- -, oath of allegiance, new, devised, 534, 535,

Venetian approval of, 555.

- -, indignation in, at squandering of subsidy on reception of King of Denmark and Duke of Wirtemberg, 537.

-, rage in, against Spain, after Neuce's plot, 553, 556.

- -, deputation of merchants of, to King James, to complain of outrages endured from Spaniards, 564;

further complaints, proposal to issue letters of marque, 570, 571;

Cecil's remonstrances with Ambassadors of Spain and the Archduke;

doubts as to the genuineness of the deputation, but popular feeling roused, 573;

the Spanish reply, 660, 665.

- -, purchase of wheat in, for export, 595, 596, 598;

Kentish the best, 598, 608, 619, 623, 627.

- -, “union of churches” in, to be discussed, 599, 608, 632.

- -, league between, Denmark, and German Princes, suggested, to aid Venice against Pope, 617, 664, 673.

- -, Parliament to meet, anti-Spanish feeling in, 623, 635.

- -, proposal to limit King's control over properties by conveying them to Crown, to check improper grants, 623.

- -, law regulating export of grain from, 627,

opposition of Lord Salisbury to proposed export, 629, 632, 635, 636,

relaxed, 641, 643, 658.

- -, shooting birds on wing a “pretty sport not yet introduced into England,” 637.

- -, fleet fitting out in, for West Indies, Spanish alarm, 643, 652, 685.

- -, determination of Government in, to avoid breach with Spain, 653, 659.

- (1607), people in, ready to contribute to King's expenses on condition of war with Spain, or liberty of privateering, 654.

- -, design of King to resume lands usurped from Crown, to raise revenue, 654.

- -, export of corn from to Venice discussed in Venetian Cabinet by Sir Henry Wotton;

Lord Salisbury's opinion that the affair would have been better managed through Flemish merchants, who understood business, and would have bought in fertile west and not in sterile east, near London, 658.

- -, supply of gunpowder for Pope from, 658.

- -, corn shipped from, to Venice, 660.

- -, unable to render military assistance to Venice, Henry IV.'s criticism, 662.

- -, alarm in, at prospect of peace between Dutch and Spain, 669.

- -, Republic of Venice prepared to enter into alliance with, 672.

- -, proposal considered in Privy Council to issue, in default of redress of grievances, for a year, letters of marque against Spain;

profitable nature of course, 674.

- -, popular desire in, for war with Spain, 680.

- -, floods in, at Bridgewater and Bristol, 680 and note.

- -, connivance of Consuls of, in Levant, with pirates, 681.

- -, offers of services by individuals in, to Venetian Ambassador, upon news of King's declaration in favour of Republic and Spanish preparations, 683.

- -, “big fierce dogs” to be bought in, as Venetian present to Turk, 694.

- -, custom in, touching claimants to land, Sir Henry Wotton's simile from, 696.

- -, insistance in, upon abandonment by Scotland of her alliance with France, as preliminary to Union. 699.

- -, “venality of that nation,” Spanish opinion of, 703.

- -, visitors and exiles from, welcomed in Madrid, 703.

- -, subjects of, arrested and imprisoned by Spanish authorities for trading in Indies, 709.

- -, demand in, for redress of injuries done to merchants of, by Spain;

the right of reprisal asserted, 714, 718.

- -, mutiny of unpaid troops in, feared, 714.

- -, fleet sails from, for East Indies, 714.

- -, Dutch debt, question of repayment raised in, on occasion of truce between Dutch and the Archdukes, 721.

- -, suppression of “broadsheet” in, at request of Venetian ambassador, 730, 731.

- -, piracy off coasts of, royal ship worsted, 737.

- -, detailed report on England, its politics, its resources, &c, 739.

- See also Anne;

Howard, Charles;

James;

Parliament;

Privy Council;

Puritans;

Roman Catholics;

Union.

Englefield, Inglefield, Francis, English refugee (1588) in Spain, Appendix III. (p. 533).

Entragues, M. d'. See Balsac d'Entragues.

Erroll, Earl of. See Hay.

Erskine, John, Earl of Mar, appointed to English Privy Council, 56; “governor” of the Prince of Wales;

his wife refuses to surrender Prince to Queen's custody, 66;

his son's report to King on matter, his conduct approved, 69;

created K.G., 81;

jealousy of, in Scottish Parliament, by reason of his appointment to English Privy Council, 227;

arrival of his son, Lord Erskine, at Venice, 356;

a Gunpowder Plot Commissioner, 454;

returns home, 456.

Erskine, Mary, Countess of Mar, d. of Esmé Stuart, Duke of Lennox, 66.

Escurial, 571.

Essex, county of, Royal Progress in, 415.

-, Earl of. See Devereux.

Este, Cesare d', Duke of Modena, letter to, from Sir Henry Wotton, 504.

Exchange, between London and Venice, state of, 78, 147, 595.

-, bills of, at three months, Venetian, 619.

Excise, in Holland, 69.

Exeter, Earl of. See Cecil.