Henry VIII: February 1522, 1-15 | British History Online

Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic, Henry VIII, Volume 3, 1519-1523. Originally published by Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London, 1867.

Citation:

'Henry VIII: February 1522, 1-15', in Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic, Henry VIII, Volume 3, 1519-1523, ed. J S Brewer( London, 1867), British History Online https://prod.british-history.ac.uk/letters-papers-hen8/vol3/pp866-883 [accessed 29 November 2024].

February 1522



1 Feb. Vit. B. V. 33. B. M.	2017. CLERK to [WOLSEY].
	* * * "the 27th day of this month of January ... here 7 or 8 days rather had not he (Pace) a been ... such entertainment as he had in Florence with the [cardinal] De Medicis, partly by the danger of the duke of Urbino his soldiers, who lay a season in the highway nigh [to] the city of Senys," and have withdrawn into Perugia, fearing the Florentines and the continual snow and rain, the like of which has not been seen in these quarters for many years. Thanks Wolsey for his hearty recommendations made by master Secretary. These Legates have not yet departed, as there is a strong rumor the Pope is dead, and great bets are laid upon it, and violent storms have arisen at sea. Those that took sail for Spain, what with the weather and what with the Moors, have been driven back again two or three times. "There is no ready passage for the Cardinals to go by sea, except at their own great cost; above 1,500 ducats are demanded "for the nole" (loan) of one ship, besides victualling for six weeks. The mariners will take no other terms. Then, if the Pope were dead, and these Cardinals at sea, they "would be absent from the new election, and that they would be loth, for every one of them hath a good opinion of himself; and besides that, there ariseth other profits by their being present." Finally, no money could be levied for their charges. The College is in great perplexity; notwithstanding, the Romans, who would be utterly undone if the Pope tarried long, are very urgent with the Cardinals, and the lands of the Church run to ruin, "and the Romans begin so contentiously to * * * somewhat more quickly to look upon the ..."
	They have concluded that the Legates shall set forward as soon as they have word that the Pope is dead or alive, and which way he will come. Half are of opinion to meet him at the seaside, and save the tediousness and expense of a journey by land; "for which purpose they have already sent for ... into France." He and Pace are of opinion, as they cannot further the King's affairs before the Pope's arrival, and the Legates are not ready for the journey, they should stay at Rome till they hear again from Wolsey. If the Cardinal could induce the Pope to come to England, "there might great chance arise thereby, for the Pope is aged and sickly, and might fortune to die in those quarters; and if he so did, your grace, by the reason thereof, might be present at the next election, and these men here should be too far off to come thither, for ye should not be bound to tarry pro absentibus, but ten days post mortem; and your grace, having only with you such Cardinals as be in those quarters, should then more easily attain your purpose. These Cardinals here be in such obloquy of the common people for choosing this man, being absent, that we fear lest, at another election to be made here, your absence might hurt. Therefore it should make much for your grace's purpose that the election should be made in such place whither many of the Cardinals could not resort. If Wolsey wishes them to meet the Pope, begs he will procure them a safeconduct through the French dominions; albeit master Secretary is afraid to go by France, and hath little confidence in their safeconduct. Master Gregory is at Bonony with the King's horses. He will set forwards as soon as the weather permits. Thinks the French have won the six cantons, for he dined lately with cardinal Sion, who was loth to confess it. Requests money. Rome, 1 Feb.
	Francis has just lost Alessandria, and thereby the command of the passage by which he sent succors to Genoa.
	Hol., mutilated, pp. 6.
2 Feb. R. O.	2018. ADRIAN VI. to HENRY VIII.
	Letters from Rome and other parts have published through this country my election to the Papacy, an honor which I not only never solicited, but never wished for. My strength is unequal to it, and I should have refused, but for fear of offending God and the Church. The letters of the College to me are detained at Genoa by the weather. I write to you about this, not because I think you have not heard it, but that I may express my affection for you on account of your zeal for the peace of Christendom. I ask you to join with the Emperor elect for the purpose of preserving peace. I write more fully to the bp. of Badajoz. Victoria, 2 Feb. 1522. Signed: A. Car^l Dertuseñ.
	Lat., p. 1. Add.
2 Feb. Vit. B. V. 32.* B. M.	2019. ADRIAN VI. to WOLSEY.
Gachard, Cor. de Charles V. et d'Adrien VI. 256.	Notifies his election to the Papacy. Hopes he will promote an indissoluble alliance between his King and the Emperor, as the greatest safeguard to the peace of Christendom. Vittoria, 2 Feb. 1522. Signed: A. Car^l Dertuseñ.
	Add.
2 Feb. S. B.	2020. SHERIFF ROLL.
	Cumb.—* Sir Chr. Dacres, Wm. Bewley, Cuthb. Musgrave.
	Northumb.—* Wm. Ellerker, Sir Wm. Hilton, Philip Dacre.
	York.—Wm. Elson, Ralph Rukeby, *Sir Wm. Malyverey.
	Notts. and Derb.—* Sir Wm. Perpoynt, John Vernon, Th. Meryng.
	Linc.—Sir Anth. Byllesby, *Fras. Broun, Wm. Skipwith.
	Warw. and Leic.—* Sir Wm. Skevyngton, Sir John Villers, Wm. Broun.
	Salop.—Th. Vernon, Peter Newton, *George Bromley.
	Staff.—* Sir John Gifford, Th. Partriche, Edw. Lytelton.
	Heref.—* Edw. Croft, Jas. Baskervile, Rowland Morton.
	Worc.—* Sir Wm. Compton.
	Glouc.—Sir Wm. Kyngeston, *Th. Poyntz, Rob. Wye.
	Oxf. and Berks.—Wm. Fermour, *John Osbaldeston, Sir Ric. Weston.
	Northt.—Sir Nich. Vaux, Edm. Hasilwode, *Sir Wm. Perre.
	Camb. and Hunt.—Rob. Payton, *John More, Th. Pygot.
	Beds and Bucks.—Th. Langeston, *Sir Rob. Lee, Rob. Dormer.
	Norf. and Suff.—*Sir Th. Bedyngfeld, Sir John Shelton, Philip Tylney.
	Essex and Herts.—*Th. Tey, John Merney, Roger Wentworth.
	Kent.—Sir Hen. Wyat, *Rob. Sandes, Sir Hen. Guldeford.
	Surrey and Sussex.—Ric. Covert, Sir Th. West, *Sir Edm. Bray.
	Hants.—Arthur Plantagenet, Nich. Tycheburn, *Wm. Gifford.
	Wilts.—John Bonneham, Edw. Baynton, *John Erneley.
	Somers. and Dorset.—* John Rogers, Th. Tranchard, Sir Giles Strangways.
	Devon.—Baldwin Malet, Sir Peter Eggecombe, *Sir Wm. Courteney.
	Cornw.—* Sir John Basset, Wm. Lowre, John Chamount.
	Rutl.—* John Haryngton, senr., John Calcot, Geo. Makeworth.
	Westmor.—* Henry lord Clifford.
	Del. Westm., 3 Feb. (?) 13 Hen. VIII.
	Signed by the King at the beginning and end.
4 Feb.	2021. For JOHN ORREY, Prior, and the CANONS of PULTON.
	Confirmation of charter 28 Edw. III. granting liberties to the convent. Westm., 4 Feb.
	Pat. 13 Hen. VIII. p. 3, m. 18.
5 Feb. R. T. 137. Teulet, I. 28.	2022. ALBANY to FRANCIS I.
	Since the sending of the letters written by the Estates, the English have declared war at Berwick and on the Marches. Scotch merchants have been seized and forays made. Requests him to assist them. Edinburgh, 5 Feb.
	Fr., p. 1.
5 Feb. Galba, B. VIII. 138. B. M.	2023. MARGARET OF SAVOY to WOLSEY.
	At Wolsey's departure from Bruges, promised to let him know privately whenever she should see anything that might cause a diminution of the amity between England and the Emperor. The answer made by Wolsey upon the two requests lately made by the ambassadors has given dissatisfaction to the Emperor. The sum of the loan, 100,000 cr., is very small for the great affairs of his majesty, especially for his voyage to Spain and the expenses he will have to sustain in Italy on account of the Pope's absence. He is still more surprised at the condition demanded for the King not to declare himself until reimbursed the amount of the loan, which gives a suspicion that he does not wish to do so at all. The other sureties required are stringent enough, and not quite reasonable among friends. The Emperor should not be asked to banish the Scots from these countries unless the King banish the French in his realm, especially as Denmark and Gueldres are allies of the Scots. The Emperor must look well to the truce for several reasons, especially for his voyage to Spain and his going to England; and if Wolsey delay writing to the Regent, as he told the ambassadors he would, the Emperor may be advised to adopt some other policy, to which, as he has already told Wolsey, he is daily urged, though he will not consent without extreme necessity. Brussels, 5 Feb.
	Hol., Fr., mutilated, pp. 2. Add.: A mons. le Legat, mon bon fils.
5 Feb. Bradford, 34.	2024. CHARLES V. to BER. DE MESA.
	Whatever news the Cardinal may have received from Rome, he may rest assured that don John Manuel had no commission to interest himself in the favor of De Medici or of any one besides Wolsey. At that time he had not received the letters in favor of Wolsey. Before the Cardinals entered the conclave he had no other charge from us, except to impress upon them the duty of choosing the most suitable person. As Pace had not arrived at the time of the election, it is by no means probable that don John Manuel should have exerted himself in favor of De Medici;—and the result seems to prove the contrary. The election of Adrian was not contemplated by any party; and Wolsey may rejoice at the advancement of one who can do him more favor than any other member of the College. Brussels, 5 Feb. 1522.
	Fr.
6 Feb. R. MS. 13 B. II. 308. B. M. Ep. Reg. Sc. I. 325.	2025. CHANCELLOR and THREE ESTATES of SCOTLAND to ADRIAN VI.
	When their King was one year old, and had just lost his father, they unanimously elected John duke of Albany as his guardian and governor of the kingdom, in whose favor they received letters from Leo X. to make him more acceptable to the Scotch nation, promising that all the privileges of the kingdom should be preserved intact during his government. On the return of Albany from France, he lately sent through England certain envoys to his Holiness, who, on coming to the king of England, and being prohibited from going further, returned into Scotland; along with them came an English herald, first seeking occasion for war, then declaring it more openly by letters, as the Pope will perceive by a copy translated into Latin, which they send. Have offered fair conditions of peace, but to no purpose. Expect nothing but war and invasion. Understand also that England is endeavouring to draw over to its side their old ally the Emperor. Implore the Pope to take the young King under his protection, and exhort England not to attack the kingdom of his nephew. Hope, in consideration that Adrian had prolonged for other eight months the eight months allowed by Leo X. from the vacancy of the see of St. Andrew's and monastery of Dunfermline, that he will not allow the privilege to be infringed, nor dispose of any prelacies at the request of factious persons out of Scotland. Ambassadors will be sent to his Holiness to express the King's obedience, when tranquillity is restored. Edinburgh, 6 Feb. 1521.
	Lat.
6 Feb. Galba, B. VII. 237. B. M.	2026. SPINELLY to [WOLSEY].
	Wrote on the 29th ult. The Emperor has since received divers letters from his ambassadors in England. One which came by Antony, usher of his chamber, dated the 24th, signed by them and Wingfield jointly, contained the answer to the charges given to the said Mr. Wingfield, and advertisement thereof made to the said ambassadors. Is told by Berghes and the Chancellor that the Emperor thanks Wolsey "for the cordial demonstrations showed by the King's highness and your grace in admitting Mr. Wingfield as common ambassador," and for the two months' wages ordered to be paid in Calais for 3,000 foot, which will be distributed to the Almains, for there is as much due to them now, or little less. "As to the inducing the French men to a truce by means of the lady Regent of France and other by your grace advised, the lord Berghes showed me dummodo the same might be incontinently without dilation concluded citra et ultra montes, it could not be but good. Howbeit that unto him was thought upon great foundations and reasons, and specially being the said Frenchmen so far forth to their great charges proceeded with the Swissers for the recovery of Milan, that they will put with fair words and answers that matter in delay unto [they] see the success thereof; saying he know none other remedy to bring them to a short resolution as the King's highness' declaration, wherein the said lord Berghes perceive, persisting your grace in his opinion, little appearance. And albeit your grace, upon good remonstrances, had dissuaded the presentation of the Emperor's letters of requirament, yet, upon long debating in their council, they have determined, in case their ambassadors can have none other conclusion in the premises, that they shall deliver the said letters."
	They say Wolsey may judge that the Emperor will not leave these countries in war until he have the King's declaration, which if he do not see they would advise him to make peace, for the principal lords here are inclined to France, where they have many friends, who complain that no attention has been paid to the many honorable offers made by the French. Many say Wolsey entertains them with fair words, and will give them no real help, "as the same that purposeth to rule and handle the Emperor and the French king both at your pleasure. Wherefore, persevering the lord Berghes in his old accustomed mind toward the conservation of the common amity, he saith the King's highness and your grace had two ways; the one is to make a truce general, as well here as in Italy, and the other to declare you, and effectually assist them." As to the prest, Berghes thinks the King, being well assured, should come forward liberally, leaving many superfluous conditions demanded by Wolsey.
	The Swiss, except Zurich and Schwitz, agreed at the last diet at Lucerne to assist the French against Milan with as many men as they please. "Nevertheless, certain points remained unconcorded amongst them, by the which, [God] willing, they may alter their deliberation." Fears, however, the French will get all they want, as the Emperor does not make equal offers, and that Dr. Knight will arrive too late. "As yet there is no news of the resolution taken in the diet that should had been kept the 26th of the last month at Zurich for the said Emperor." The 6,000 lanzknechts sent by the Emperor for the defence of Milan are to muster at Trent on the 6th. 4,000 Grisons have gone into wages of the city. If the Emperor were better supplied with money, Spinelly thinks the French would soon agree to the truce proposed by England. Wolsey will learn from the letters of Mr. Secretary the danger that has been in Sienna, and the arrival of cardinal De Medici at Florence. Hears from his brother Leonard that, if Milan be lost, De Medici will be compelled to dislodge, and Sienna and all will change sides. "My fellow York" arrived at Zurich on the 25th. Supposes he has written to Tuke. Don Fernando has obtained the government of all the patrimony of Almain, to the great dissatisfaction of Fellinger and Renner. "La Shaw shall depart by England toward the Pope and the queen of Portugal within two days, and hath in charge to show unto the King's highness and your grace his instructions, as lord Berghes showed me. Hannart had yesternight at supper with him Nassau, Hogstrate, le Grand Escuyer, and the said La Shaw, and is here in as great favor as ever was, saying to every man that I am his mortal enemy, for the which words I set but little."
	"The Chancellor being present, Mons. de la Roche said to me, the Frenchmen say your grace would make your profit with them and the Emperor both, and proceed between them so that they might continue in war, and that the one destroy the other, and that the King's highness may remain and be their arbiter and superior;" the Chancellor adding that the Emperor required deeds. Is informed by Berghes that Beaurain, at his coming out of Artois, has brought new overtures from the French to his father the Great Master, concerning which he would write to Wingfield.
	Expects Sir Robert Wingfield and Dr. Knight this afternoon. Brussels, 6 Feb. 1521.
	P.S.—News has just arrived from the Swiss, dated the 29th, that the French cantons are beginning to muster their men to the number of 16,000. They are to march three ways, and assemble at Bellinzona, "with length of time for their better profit."
	Hol., pp. 10, chiefly cipher, with mutilated decipher in the margin.
6 Feb. R. O.	2027. LORD BERNERS to WOLSEY.
	Has received his letter, and delivered certain powder and bows, &c. to Perse Young and Thomas Wawghan, of Dover. Has, without success, attempted to obtain from the captain of Boulogne restitution of certain goods belonging to the men of Calais, which he alleges to be Flemings'. Is advised to send word to the king of England to look to all his havens. Does not understand what this means; whether it be that the French are disposed to land in England "if the peace break, or else some false schrewys to set afire any of the King's ships." At Depe the French galleon is ready to come abroad. She has fourteen great pieces of ordnance, and is well manned. There are ten other ships getting forward. Hopes Wolsey will befriend him in his suit "for such lands as I had by exchange of the duke of Buckingham." Would rather have his own back again than any of the Duke's. Calais, 6 Feb. Sealed.
	Hol., pp. 2. Add.: To my lord Cardinal's grace.
6 Feb.	2028. For CHRISTOPHER COO.
	Writ to sheriffs, customers and other officers to arrest the goods of any subjects of Britanny and France, in compensation for losses sustained by Christ. Coo during time of peace. Westm., Feb. 6.
	Fr. 13 Hen. VIII. m. 9.
6 Feb. P. S.	2029. For TH. LUPSET, clk.
	To have the pension which the next abbot of St. Mary's, near York, is bound to give to a clerk nominated by the King until he be promoted to a competent benefice. Greenwich, 31 Jan. 13 Hen. VIII. Del. Westm., 6 Feb.
6 Feb.	2030. For the MONASTERY OF ST. AUGUSTINE, CANTERBURY.
	Writ to the escheator of Kent for restitution of temporalities on election of Edm. Essex as abbot, vice Thos. late abbot, deceased; his fealty to be taken by the abbot of St. Peter's, Westminster, and Rob. Toneys, clk. Westm., 6 Feb.
	ii. Similar writ for Surrey.
	Pat. 13 Hen. VIII. p. 1, m. 12.
7 Feb. Calig. B. VI. 216. B. M.	2031. THOMAS LORD DACRE.
Archæol. XVII. 202.	"The answer of Thomas lord Dacre and Philip Dacre his brother, deputies to William Dacre lord Graistok, captain of my Lord's castle of Norham, to a bill of instructions brought by Robert Athe fro Mr. William Frankleyn, chancellor of Durham, the 5th day of February, the 13th year of the pontification of my said Lord."
	The Bishop, by a letter dated Durham Place, beside Westminster, on St. Swithin's Day, desired to know the condition of the castle of Norham; for he had heard so many evil reports that he could not be quiet, and had spoken to the lord Roos and William Heron for warrants for timoer. By an indenture between himself and Dacre it is agreed how many soldiers and how many workmen should be kept; the work of the latter to cease in time of war, and their wages to be paid to the soldiers. If the work cease, four towers are so low and the mantle wall so feeble it cannot stand a siege. The inner wall is finished, and of that strength "that with the help of God and the prayer of St. Cuthbert" it is impregnable. The long wall is fourteen yards high and more, the ashlers, &c. ready, a stable made for sixty horse, a byre for oxen, a room under the chapel "drissed with hek and manger," room for seventy horse, forty-four sorted oxen, besides common beef, three hogsheads of salt salmon; "also there is, which shall be ready unto grisse beef com, vj. fed oxen, and 400 sheep lying under the castle wall"; rye and wheat, forty quarters; malt at the castle gatc, eighty quarters. If the work go forwards in the war time, the Bishop must be charged with the wages. Provision of harness is made for fifty-nine "above the jaks of mine own charge;" for the deputy, of a complete cuirass, and for every other an Almain rivet, a beaver and a salett. The captain has a servant, a chaplain, two cooks, a brewer, "besides childre"; a butler, three hynds, three servants of the hynds, and a carter. Gives a number of curious details of the wages paid to the constable, soldiers, porters, watchmen, wallers, gunners, masons; all of whom must be kept. Advises that the work should be continued, and money advanced for the purpose. Gives an account of the ordnance in the castle. Advises laying in brimstone and saltpetre, that a gunner may "sharp" the gunpowder; "for I fere me there is overmiche cole in it, wherby it is somthing flat, as I perceive it upon my hand when I burn it." Many of the arrows want feathers, and the bows are out of order. So stands my lord's castle. The service he does is not for profit, but for pleasure. His son receives but 20l. a year for finding fourteen persons, and is bound in the sum of 2,000l. for the sure keeping of it.
	"At my said lord's castle of Norham the 7th day of February the yere of God a m^l v^c and xxj^ti and the xiij^th yere of the pontification of the said lord Thomas, by the grace of God busshop of Duresme and lord of the shires of Norham and Eland." Signed: "Thomas Dacre."
	Pp. 4.
7 Feb. S. B.	2032. For CUTHBERT TUNSTALL, Master of the Rolls, Bishop elect of London.
	Custody of the bishopric of London and its temporalities, vacant by death of Ric. Fitz James. Del. Westm., 7 Feb. 13 Hen. VIII.
8 Feb. Galba, B. VII. 3. B. M.	2033. SIR ROBT. WINGFIELD to [WOLSEY].
	Arrived today at Brussels with Dr. Knight. Were met by D'Isselstein and De la Roche with a great company of the court, though the weather was right foul, of which we have had our part so largely both by sea and land, that in my days I have not been so accumbered on both. As soon as we have had audience of the Emperor, and answer to the matters we shall propose to him, I will write more at length. Brussels in Brabant, 8 Feb. 15.. (fn. 1)
	Hol., p. 1, mutilated.
8 Feb. S. B.	2034. For JOHN FITZ JAMES.
	To be chief baron of the Exchequer during good conduct. Del. Westm., 8 Feb. 13 Hen. VIII.
	Pat. 13 Hen. VIII. p. 2, m. 27.
10 Feb. Galba, B. VII. 241. B. M.	2035. SPINELLY to WOLSEY.
	Wrote to him on the 6th. Yesternight Sir Robert Wyngfeld and Dr. Kenyght arrived, and were met by lord Ysylstaim and the sieur De la Roche. Wyngfeld is right welcome to every man; and Knight, whose mission to the Swiss "is much requisite," will be despatched this afternoon. News has come from Milan of the taking of Alexandrya and the flight of the French garrison to Genoa, where captain Bayard had arrived with 20 horsemen and no more. The marquis of Mantua has drowned 15 barks of Frenchmen going from Cremona towards Placenza to rob the country. The Milanese are resolute to defend themselves, but can hardly resist if the Swiss join the French. Is informed by an acquaintance who left Metsa (Metz) eight days ago that the lanzknechts that were in the French king's service in Lorraine went home in small bands, and that he saw at Tu(?) Richard de la Pole, with his accustomed train, in company with the Treasurer of the duke of Lorraine. 24 more ships from Spain have arrived in Zealand, and 30 more are looked for daily. A servant of Franciscus Sekyn has come to demand the money due to him. Mr. John Macteus, servant to the cardinal De Medicis, has arrived. Understands that the Emperor's ambassadors are again commanded to present to Henry the letters of requirement for the declaration. Brussels, 10 Feb. 1521.
	Hol., last sentence in cr., pp. 3, mutilated. Add.: "My lord Legate."
10 Feb. Calig. D. VIII. 213. B. M.	2036. SIR THOS. CHEYNE to WOLSEY.
	On Saturday the 8th, Roger Bainbrig arrived. Went with him to my Lady. Found in her outer chamber the Admiral, and told him there was come a gentleman of your privy chamber with letters to my Lady. On her being notified of it, she sent for the Admiral and me into her privy chamber, and afterwards for Bainbrig, who delivered your letters, and met with a good reception, as he himself can inform you. She then asked him if he had anything else to say. He said, nothing but that he would deliver to her a patent of the Emperor's if she promised on her honor to return it. On her doing so he delivered it, and begged an answer as soon as possible. She promised him a speedy despatch, and desired us to be with her again next day. On Sunday Bainbrig and I went to her again, when she said it had been late on the previous night before the King came home, yet she had showed him everything, and he had sent for the Chancellor, who was expected tonight, and would give answer after his arrival. Francis had said he would send Mons. de Orleans to the King, to learn to shoot, and speak the language, in order to increase the amity. My Lady praised the child, saying he is one of the largest of his age that she ever saw, and spoke as if the French king would be glad to have another meeting with the King, as, notwithstanding all their writings and sendings to and fro, they could, being together, conclude better in two hours than can now be done in a quarter of a year.
	On Monday we went again to my Lady, who said the Chancellor had not yet come, and requested Bainbrig to wait a day or two, saying they hoped to make such an answer as would please you well. The same day she said again she would be glad to suffer a great pain that Francis and the King might speak together once more, but she trusted the amity was so rooted in the hearts of both princes that it could not be broken. Tomorrow the King goes to Paris, and I shall go with him and leave Bainbrig to go to my Lady himself. I do not write to the King. Francis's young son is not yet christened. I am told they look for an ambassador from the Swiss to christen him. St. Germain's, 10 Feb. Signed.
	Pp. 3, mutilated. Add.: To my lord Cardinal.
10 Feb. R. O.	2037. CAMPEGGIO to WOLSEY.
	I write hearing from your ambassadors that a courier is leaving for England. We sit here idle all day, waiting for the Pope, of whom we have heard nothing since the election, although we have had letters from the Emperor today, by which we see that he advises him to visit Rome as soon as possible. Legates have been elected to go to him, but they have not yet left. At Perugia, the party exiled in the time of Leo have expelled the other faction. The duke of Urbino has recovered his duchy, and threatened Sienna, but unsuccessfully. The remnant of the French army are wintering at Cremona. It was reported that most of the Swiss had joined the French, and taken money from them; but that the arrival of the English herald with news that the King and the Emperor had come to an agreement had again made them undecided, and the doubtful success of the French had produced the same effect. Rome, 10 Feb. 1522. Signed.
	Lat., p. 1. Add.: R. &c. car^li Ebor., Angliæ primati, ac sedis ap'licæ [legato].
11 Feb. Calig. B. I. 166. B. M.	2038. QUEEN MARGARET to HENRY VIII.
	Has received by Clarenceux his sharp and unkind letter, which was not provoked on her part, reproaching her for being so easily abused as to suppose the coming of Albany to be for her good, and for contemplating a divorce from Angus with a view of marrying Albany. Had written in favor of Albany only for the sake of peace, and could do no less, finding him so well inclined to it. Henry trusts too easily to false reports. Nothing is dearer to her than the weal and surety of her son. It is not to Henry's honor to suffer such slanders as my lord Cardinal spoke in council, that she loved the Governor to her dishonor. Her divorce from Angus had never been contemplated either by herself or Albany. It was a scandal of the bishop of Dunkeld, but his purpose will fail. It is strange that, for the cause of any other, Henry will make war against herself and her son, as he has threatened to do so long as the Governor remains in Scotland, especially as the latter will consent to any reasonable way for the weal of her son and his realm, as Clarenceux can report. Her part in these affairs will be known to all Christian princes. Her letters to Henry, of which she has kept copies, will show that she has given him no cause of displeasure. Had trusted that her labor to bring the duke of Albany into Scotland would not have displeased him. If Albany intended evil against the King her son, she should have been the first to discover it. As to her treatment in this country, which she had hoped Henry would have got remedied, she has found a better friend in Albany than in any other. The King her son is in no other keeping than he has been ever since he was out of her own, viz., with as good and true lords as any in the realm, as Clarenceux can report. If she cared as little for him as Henry asserts, she might have spared herself much of the trouble she has undergone. How can Henry obtain greater security for him? If he be unreasonable, the world will think he aims at his nephew's destruction. This country desires peace with England, if it can be had with honor, but will not consent to Albany's removal. Begs Henry not to defer his answer, as he has done hitherto, only to write unkindly at last. Edinburgh, 11 Feb. Signed: "Your humbyll systar, Margaret R."
	Pp. 7. Add.: "To the excellent," &c., "our derrest brother, the king of Ingland."
11 Feb. R. O. Rym. XIII. 761.	2039. The CHANCELLOR and THREE ESTATES OF SCOTLAND to HENRY VIII.
	Received on the 3rd Feb. his patent letters under the Privy Seal, dated Greenwich, 14 Jan., to the effect that, although he had hitherto been agreeable to live in peace with his nephew, he now understood that Albany had arrived in Scotland, furnished in manner for hostility, and had taken upon him the custody of the young King, whom he had committed to the care of a stranger of small reputation, and was seeking to procure a divorce for the Queen, with a view to contract marriage with her, whereby the King is in danger of being destroyed;—that, to avert these things, Henry had long ago obtained a promise from the French king to keep Albany in France, but Francis had lately informed his ambassador that Albany had escaped without his knowledge;—that Albany had lately asked the King for a prolongation of the truce, but that if he were established at rest in Scotland, he would abuse the Estates and aspire to the Crown, and that the King had therefore refused it, although he would have consented if it had been asked by the Estates;—that Henry, therefore, urged them not to assist the Duke, on pain of his displeasure.
	They believe, if he had been informed of the truth, he would not have written thus. Albany is the lawful tutor of their sovereign, repeatedly called by them to the government, and has always been anxious to preserve peace, nor would he allow any restraint to be put upon the King. He does not meddle with the custody of the King's person, or make any appointment in the household; but refers everything to the ordering of the Estates, who, by the advice of the Queen, both before and since Albany's coming, had substantially provided for the custody of the King's person, deputing some of the most aged and honorable lords continually to wait upon him, and they wonder Henry should believe that Albany, "quha hes bene nuryst with sa grete honor, and had sa tender familiarite with Popis and gretest princis," could imagine any harm against their sovereign's person, or induce the Queen to leave her husband. What promise Henry obtained from France they know not; but considering how virtuously the Governor conducted himself all the time of his residence here, and the diligence he showed in repressing the treasonable attempts of some who were convicted in full Parliament, Henry ought to have been favorable to his return to Scotland, instead of commanding, as it is said, his officers on the Borders continually to favor and "resett" Scotch rebels. If, as appears by Henry's letters, the good done by Albany is taken in evil part by the King, and the sinister reports of Scotch traitors easily believed, they see not what love can subsist between him and his nephew. Urge him not to allow the bishop of Dunkeld to be received in England, and to be content during Albany's presence to allow an abstinence of war till an embassy may be got ready to send to England. If Henry will insist on the dismissal of Albany, they must make known to all Christian princes the necessity they are under, either to deprive the Governor unjustly of the care of their sovereign lawfully belonging to him, or expect to be invaded. Edinburgh, 11 Feb. 1521.
11 Feb. Galba, B. VI. 2. B. M.	2040. CHARLES V. to WOLSEY.
	Credence for the sieur De la Chau[lx], whom he sends to England, in accordance with what he told Wolsey at Bruges. Brussels, 11 Feb.
	Hol., Fr., p. 1. Add.: A mons. le Cardinal mon bon amy, primat et legat de Engleterre.
11 Feb. Galba, B. VI. 5*. B. M.	2041. SAME to HENRY VIII.
	Credence for De la Chaulx. Brussels, 11 Feb.
	Hol., Fr., mutilated, p. 1. Add.
11 Feb. Galba, B. VII. 4. B. M.	2042. SIR ROB. WINGFIELD and SPINELLY to WOLSEY.
	Were conveyed to court this afternoon by signor Founsekke and mons. De la Roche. Dr. Knight had audience on Sunday, and left this morning early, and we were informed from the Emperor that yesterday he should be so occupied with the despatch of Lachaw that he could not give us audience. When we came to the court, the Emperor was playing at the paume in a fair gallery which is new made, and thither he sent for us. Wingfield only saluted him, and gave him the King's recommendations, when they were ordered to the over end of the gallery, and sat beholding the play till it was almost night. His majesty then went to his chamber, and, while he was making ready, they were conveyed to my Lady, to whom Wingfield presented the King's letters. After answering her inquiries for the King, Queen and Princess, Wingfield declared to her the substance of his instructions to the Emperor, dwelling especially on the great love the King bore to him, and his desire to hear of the Emperor's success in all his affairs. On her expressing a hope that the King would well consider how the case stood, and do what was necessary in time, Wingfield answered that it was fitting the Emperor and his friends should consider that in some of the Emperor's affairs the King was not only furthest off, but least acquainted with them, and it would be too great a leap for his highness, being in England, to be the first to provide for the preservation of Italy. This answer she took in good part, and expressed herself glad of his coming, for old acquaintance. Made the like recommendations to the Emperor, on delivery of the King's letters, when Wingfield delivered such part of his charge as might be published, having been previously ordered by the Emperor, through the bishop of Palencia, that if he had any secret matter to declare, he should reserve it, as there were a great number of his councillors present, who came with him from the play. He said no man could be more welcome than Wingfield, who had lately passed the sea, and had a sore journey for his sake. He himself trusted to pass the sea shortly with Wingfield in his company. The Emperor's supper being announced, Wingfield took his leave, his majesty promising him to speak more at length next day. The first day the ambassador of Venice sent to him, proposing to visit him, but Wingfield declined until he had paid his reverence to the Emperor. Brussels, 11 Feb. 1521. Signed.
	In Wingfield's hand, pp. 3. Add.: To my lord Legatt's most reverend grace.
11 Feb. Galba, B. VII. 6. B. M.	2043. SIR ROBERT WINGFIELD to [WOLSEY].
	Wrote last from Brussels, on the 8th. Had audience this evening from the Emperor and my lady Margaret, and presented your letters. The Emperor enquired of me right affectionately of your health. Thanked him, in Wolsey's name, for writing in his favor to Rome. He replied he had more occasion to thank Wolsey, and that he had never written for anything with better will; that, notwithstanding the Pope now chosen is reckoned highly favorable to his affairs, he could have wished the lot had fallen on Wolsey, as the new Elect is old, sickly and far from Rome. He hopes, therefore, Wolsey will do his best in his behalf, as he will not fail to do his best for him at the next opportunity. Writes more fully along with Sir Thos. Spinelly. Brussels, 11 Feb. 1521.
	P.S.—Reminds Wolsey that the King was disposed to give him 40l. a year of the duke of Buckingham's lands, and that he had promised to get the bill signed and the patent sealed. Wolsey would help him if he knew the great dearth here, and the company who resort to him, both of old acquaintances in the late Emperor's court and of English gentlemen.
	Hol., pp. 2.
11 Feb. Vit. B. V. 41. B. M.	2044. PACE and CLERK to WOLSEY.
	This is only to certify that the Cardinals continue still in their private factions, and by their discord all is like to go to ruin, unless the Pope send some one with authority. They are debating whether the See Apostolic shall continue the war begun in Italy by Leo, conjointly with the Emperor, for Parma and Piacenza, of which the Church has now got possession. "Our fr[iends the] Cardinals here" have endeavored to persuade the rest that it would be better to restore these two cities than keep them and continue the war. Partly through perverse counsel, and partly from penury, no succors have been sent to maintain the said cities since Leo's death. The duke of Urbin has retaken his duchy, and set the rebels of the Church in the cities of Perugia and Camarin, and lately did attempt to do the same "hereby in Senys and in Florence." The only man who has the means to resist him is cardinal De Medici, and it is a question whether he shall have in mortgage, for his indemnity, the little that is left of the lands of the Church. Cardinal Sion has spoken very well, and been much resisted, for most of the cardinals here are French, and are anxious to do nothing but let the French king have his way. There is, besides, so much hatred among them, that many think these acts of the duke of Urbino have been fomented by the cardinals; and to this all the enemies of De Medici incline, who would rather the world were in ruins than do anything to make him great. Although De Medici, on the authority of the College, sent forth powers, and forced the Duke into Perugia, that authority has been revoked, and his forces recalled. The notary has been taken that made the process against such cardinals and others "as should have been of counsel with the late cardinal of Senys in the poisoning of pope Leo, and the gubernator that gave the sentence is fled." No news has yet come of the new Pope. The duke of Milan is at Trent. The city of Ast has been taken by the Spaniards. The French are still at Cremona. The prothonotary of the Bentivogli, who was not allowed to leave the city without licence, is fled into a strong castle of the Ursins. Rome, 11 Feb. 1522. Signed.
	Pp. 3, mutilated. Add.
11 Feb. Vit. B. V. 36. B. M.	2045. PACE and CLERK to WOLSEY.
	Have heard by letters from Switzerland that an English herald was sent there lately to the thirteen cantons; and although they had resolved to aid France with 15,000 men, that aid will either be revoked, or they will not be allowed to fight with the powers of the Emperor and the duke of Milan. This is important, as the king of France is endeavoring to recover Milan, reconcile the powers of Italy, and obtain that money from them for his enterprise which he cannot procure in France. The Emperor must be instigated to resist the French king's enterprise. Have heard that he has ordered 200,000 ducats to be raised in Naples; that Francis makes great expedition, and has sent 150,000 crowns into Switzerland, "knowing that money present in that land bringeth every matter to the desired end." It is high time to pluck the Venetians and the duke of Ferrara from the French. If that be done before the Swiss arrive, he would have no number of horsemen to join them, and this enterprise will turn to his great dishonor and damage. It is well to foster wars in Italy, that the said King's substance may be totally exhausted, for, by reason of Pope Leo's infinite debts, his successor shall not be able for many years to make any war. Rome, 11 Feb. Signed.
	Pp. 3, in cipher in Clerk's hand, deciphered; mutilated. Add.: To my lord Legate.
Galba, B. VII. 260. B. M.	2046. NEWS.
	"Divers news showed to us [by] the Chancellor in the presence of my Lady."
	(1.) Don John Manuel, the Emperor's ambassador at Rome, writes that the Cardinals at the election "had with them the Holy Gospel, and how since their coming out of conclave they have the devil," for each is given to his particular affection, and they think but little of the honor or dignity of the Church; "and how necessary it was, if the Pope's holiness might not shortly come there, that at least he should send thither one of those most reverend Cardinals which been absent, to be Legate de latere, with as ample power as could be granted." (2.) The Cardinals at Rome have taken and divided amongst themselves all Leo's jewels and plate, worth, as the bishop of Palencia says, 300,000 ducats. (3.) Some not only of the French party, but of the Emperor's subjects, do not wish the Pope to come from Spain, but would have a new election and a schism. (4.) The Milanese are determined to resist the French, and have made great "reparations" against the castle and about the city. (5.) If the French are too strong for them, they are determined to keep the city of Milan, the castle of Pavia, Alexandria and Como. The country furnished them with victuals. (6.) Banners have been made with the arms of St. Ambrose, and blessed by the prelates. Prayers were daily put up for their success against the enemy. (7.) Certain inhabitants of the city were appointed to visit and relieve the poor. (8.) If the lanceknights came in time, they cared little for the French. (9.) The duke of Camarin has been restored to his dominions by the Florentine men-of-war. (10) Don John Manuel was in communication for some appointment with Francis Maria and the duke of Ferrara. (11.) The resistance of the French in Milan will place them at the mercy of the King and Emperor.
	In Spinelly's hand, pp. 3, mutilated.
11 Feb. R. O.	2047. WILLIAM KNIGHT to WOLSEY.
	On the 8th inst. Sir Rob. Wingfield and I arrived at Brussels, and the day after I had audience of the Emperor. When my instructions were read over, he and his council said they could not be better devised for the affairs now to be treated with the Swiss, and for the advancement of the Emperor's purposes. When they came to the article specifying that the Emperor's ambassadors and I should offer pensions to the Swiss, to be paid by the Pope, the Emperor and the King, the Chancellor asked if I had any commandment to specify any particular sum. I answered that the Swiss are accustomed to demand much, though Princes often agree with them for less; and when it is known what they demand, if the Pope, Emperor and King agree to it, the King's part will surely be performed; by which they saw that I had no commandment to promise a certain sum, and said that the delay of sending into England, and waiting for an answer, would greatly hinder their purpose. I think they have no hope of winning the Swiss this time; for the lady Margaret said she thought my going to them would be too late, for the French king has the favor of most of the cantons. I do not know the cause of this, but when I come to them will inform you. Lack of money will hinder many of the Emperor's purposes. The Emperor, the lady Margaret and the Lords, after inquiring of the welfare of the King, Queen and Princess, asked after you, and professed themselves very joyous of your grace's prosperity. Today I leave Brussels, and have told York herald, now with the Swiss the causes of my long delay. Brussels, 11 Feb. Signed.
	Pp. 2. Add.: [To my lor]de Legat's grace.
12 Feb. R. O.	2048. JOHN LORD BERNERS and RAYMOND CUTTURUS (Mayor) to WOLSEY.
	Had received a writing, under the seal of the Vice-admiral of Boulogne, for a proclamation to be made in Calais, that all Englishmen who had been aggrieved by William Pendecherf and William Dacquebert on the sea should repair to Boulogne on Monday the 17th, to claim their merchandize. Sent word that the merchants in question were living in London, and he must take measures accordingly. Calais, 12 Feb.
	One of the claimants is Henry Lomner, grocer of London, and the cargo is figs, raisins and other grocery. Signed.
	P. 1. Add.: [T]o my lord Cardinal's grace. Endd.
13 Feb. R. O.	2049. SIR THOS. CHEYNE to HENRY VIII.
	On the 12th I visited the French king, and found him at dinner, talking about hunting. As I wished to enter into conversation, I said, "Sir, your grace doth as the King your brother doth, for when he hath been a hunting, and hath had good sport, he will talk thereof three or four days after." Hearing this, he ceased talking with the others, and turned to me, but spoke of nothing but hunting all dinner time. After dinner, he asked whether my lord of Burgaynye was out of prison, and I answered that he was not when I came away. "And then he fell in devising of the duke of Buckingham, and said he had no fancy to him, and said he thought he should come to that he is now come to. And he reported him to my Lady his mother whether he said so or no, immediately after his coming from Arde." Three days ago I was with my Lady, and she told me the King "should have said that he would send Mons. de Orlyaunce to your grace to learn to shoot, and to speak the language." His principal reason is to increase the amity between him and you, and to show you that he loves and trusts you; which I said you would always believe till he did something contrary to his promise. She said she hoped never to live to see that day. I write more at length to Wolsey. The King's young son is not yet christened, and an ambassador is expected from the Swiss to christen him. I am well entertained by the King, my Lady, the Admiral and all others. St. Germain's, 13 Feb. Signed.
	Pp. 2. Add.
13 Feb. R. O.	2050. SIR THOS. CHEYNE to WOLSEY.
	I said in my last letter, dated St. Germain's, 10th instant, that the King would go to Paris yesterday, and that I could not go with Bainbridge any more to my Lady, and I finished the letter, thinking that if the King kept his purpose Bainbridge would have been dispatched before my return. As the King did not go, Bainbridge and I went on Wednesday the 12th, to have an answer from my Lady, but first visited the King at dinner, and talked with him. (See the preceding letter.) Bainbridge will give you a full account of it when he returns. As Fitzwilliam can show you, the French king's manner is "that an if a man speak not to him first, he will not lightly begin to speak to him, but when he is once entered, he is as good a man to speak to as ever I saw, and he lets as and he were very glad to hear talking of the King's highness." On going to my Lady for an answer to your letters, according to her promise, she desired Bainbridge to wait a short time, saying that the King would surely go tomorrow, and at his return, on Saturday, he should have an answer. She also asked me to write to you, excusing his delay, saying that the King would be at the making thereof, and that he would reply to every article. I think it is his chief errand to Paris, for the same cause only. I suppose they have sent the patent to Paris, "for as yet the Chancellor came not according to her promise." When Bainbridge is despatched, a gentleman will follow with new instructions, as an answer to your letters to her. "And also she said that she findeth your grace the same man that she hath ever taken you for. She perceiveth well that there is no faint matter in that you go about, and, as far as I can perceive, the matter liketh her very well." There is no more news, except what is in my other letter. St. Germain's, 13 Feb. Signed.
	Pp. 2. Add: To my lord Cardinal's good grace.
13 Feb. Galba, B. VII. 7. B. M.	2051. CAMILLO DE DYACETO to [JAMES BEATON?]
	Has received his letter written at Edinburgh. You will have heard that John Doncarn, your chancellor, who was coming to me at Antwerp for the expedition of the bulls of the archbishopric of St. Andrew's, has remained at London for want of a safeconduct. He has written to me that he will return to you in Scotland. He sent towards me Evangeliste Pass[ar], who was taken prisoner as a Frenchman at Dunkirk; but I hope he will be delivered in six days. Will not be able to provide the 6,000 ducats at Rome for the bulls of St. Andrew's and the abbey of Dunfermline, as desired by his correspondent, unless he have the money in hand, as at present money is very dear by reason of the wars of Italy. I have sent your letter to your servant Peter Houston at Rome. Antwerp, 13 Feb. 1521.
	Hol., Fr., pp. 2, mutilated.
14 Feb. Harl. 6989. f. 7. B. M.	2052. NICHOLAS DARYNGTON to HENRY GOLD.
	Is at Louvain, not spending his time well. Was driven from Paris more by the report than the reality of war, and is pursuing letters which seem to fly their lover here. Says nothing of the danger in crossing the Channel, "in frequente Cardinalis famulitio eodem tempore quo nos solvente [anch]oram," his sickness and discomforts "utriusque itineris," the danger of roads beset with soldiers, the incredible scarcity of victuals, the boundless expenses, and, greatest misfortune of all, that his companion, master Blythe, caught a fever on his arrival here, so that for some days his life was in danger. Is not pleased with the theological exercises here; they read and argue coldly, what they call with modesty, but they are lazy and tedious. "Parisiis clamatur vere sardonice; et voce (quod dicitur) stentorea, fremunt aliquando ad spumam usque et dentium stridorem." Would like something between the two. Louvain is a pleasant town in situation and inhabitants: "mœnia prospectu amœnissima; sed gentis amor rarus, et is unicus favor qui pecunia emitur." They are great gluttons and drinkers. They go on draining fresh cups till hands, feet, eyes and tongue refuse their offices; and you are an enemy if you don't keep up with them. Their food is coarse and greasy (impinguatus, incrassatus, et (ut ita loquar) ex omni parte butyratus): a dinner without butter would be thought monstrous. "Ecce descripsimus tibi felicitatem Teutonicorum!" Pursues only private study, except that he attends cosmography under Vives, a Spaniard, who is no mean scholar. Has learned from him that a life of Cæsar was written by Suetonius. Is less disturbed in his studies here than at Cambridge, where frequent visiting interfered with it; "insuper magistratus ambiuntur, desiderantur lucra, negligitur administratio; suffragia prece, largitione, fallaciis, minis extorquentur; competitores diffamantur uti alterius causa promoveatur, alii subrogantur ut innocentes (si qui sint) minus corruptos accusent." If these abuses were reformed, Cambridge would be the first university in the world. It is said the Emperor Charles is going to visit England. There is a lull meanwhile in war. Luther sleeps, but one of his followers, an Augustine and popular preacher, has been wakeful here. Being caught, however, and condemned to the flames, he recanted. Has sent his articles, which he wishes Dr. Watson, Magister Pareus, Farman and Lathamer to see, as he wrote to them before he could obtain a copy. Recommends William Jeffrey and the rest of his pupils to Gold's care. Sends commendations to Dr. Meytcalf, our common master, and master Truslove. Begs he will forward his letters to John Kyrkeby and his wife at Northampton, and to Richard Tayler. Louvain, postrid. idus Februar.
	Hol., Lat., pp. 3. Add.: "Magistro Henrico Golde, divi Joannis collegii Cantabrigiensis socio optime merito hoc tradatur litterarum munus.—From Lovan to Cambrydge by Mr. Nycholas Darynton." Endd.: Scripta Daryngtonis.
	In another hand on the back of the letter: Wishes he had eloquence greater than Cicero's to celebrate "eximiam illam quam in me hactenus nonnunquam exercuisti [liberalitatem ?];"—"quoniam ergo non potest, quod pervelim, fieri comitum (sic) insecutus, id optimum factu arbitror insequi quod perquam facillime fiet."
14 Feb. Galba, B. VII. 243. B. M.	2053. SIR ROB. WINGFIELD and SPINELLY to [WOLSEY].
	P.S.—The Archduchess has sent to us Marnix with letters from the marshal of Burgundy, showing that, notwithstanding the promises of the French king to England, he has given the county of Charoloys to the lady of Vendome, although it was comprised in the French treaty with England. Send a copy of the article. My Lady says she will charge the Emperor's ambassadors to speak of it. She hears from them that there is some alteration in the place where the Emperor is to land, to which there will be no objection on this side. She praises Wolsey's economy in saving money for the advancement of the common affairs. The Chancellor thinks the joint expedition should be deferred till the two princes have met at Southampton. He approves of the resolution taken on Wolsey's conference with the ambassadors to defer the requisition to the King, and send it by Wolsey into France. The ambassadors have the duplicate, to be used when needful. The Archduchess says England must either effect a good truce, or assist the Emperor without delay. When the provost of Utrecht arrived at Cambray he wrote to Robertet for a safeconduct to go to the French king and do him reverence as his subject. Robertet asked if he had any charge from the Emperor, and he replied he had none, but was only going on his own affairs. Michael de Abbatis had spoken with him at Cambray advising peace. The Emperor has a bad opinion of Abbatis, and plans have been laid to take him. Brussels, 14 Feb. 1521. Signed.
	In Spinelly's hand, pp. 4, mutilated.
15 Feb. Calig. B. II. 205. B. M.	2054. CLARENCIEUX to WOLSEY.
	Reached Edinburgh Saturday, Candlemas eve, where the Queen lodges in a burgess's house. Presented his letters. After reading the same, and hearing what he had to say, she was marvellously abashed, and said she perceived the King held her in great heinous displeasure, owing to ill reports made about her. She only desired Albany in Scotland because she was ill treated, and she had as simple living as any poor gentlewoman might have; compelled to part with her jewels till Albany commanded the comptroller of Scotland to pay her. Has been well treated since he arrived, desiring nothing to her dishonour, which she regards as much as any poor gentlewoman or princess in the world. Her son is well kept, and has nothing to fear from the Duke. On the 6th the Duke came to the Queen. She sent for Clarencieux, and expressed her gratitude to Albany, and would continue to do so as long as he acted honorably. All this she spoke in French, that Albany might understand it; who answered he would never act otherwise. Sunday, Candlemas Day, Albany sent for him to Holyrood House; to whom Clarencieux delivered the King's letters in the presence of the Lords. After dinner he sent for Clarencieux into his chamber; showed him that his saying and the King's letter were very bitter; that he never came to the King's hurt, nor put any one about him, except three lords appointed by the States; that he was invited by them, and promised, by a solemn oath upon the Evangels when he last left, to return; and nothing should induce him to break it. As the Lords have appointed him governor he will risk life and goods for them, and will not fail for the King his master, his wife, or anything he has in France.
	As to "his damnable abusion of the King's sister," moving her to leave her husband and marry him, he says that when he was last in Rome the Queen desired him to sue for a divorce, being unkindly treated by Angus; and that he obtained a bull, which he sent her, but did not show Clarencieux. He swore by the Sacrament that he saw between the priest's hands that day, and prayed he might break his neck if ever he minded to marry her. He had enough of one wife. He marvelled the King should think so ill of his sister, and that the Cardinal, a man of the Church, should say before the King's council to his secretary "how he doth kepe the same Queen as she were his wife or concubine." Henry had complained his sister was not well treated, and now she is well treated by his means. On the 6th, in the Queen's presence, Albany said he had always been willing to be friendly with England, but if the King made war on his nephew he would defend him.
	The Monday following Clarencieux sent a servant to the lords assembled in parliament at the Tolbooth, paid his respects to them, delivered his charge and the King's letter to the chancellor of Scotland. Desired to have it read openly. Had many grim looks of the Scots, both high and low. Was desired to withdraw. On his return they said that they had unanimously invited the Duke, and would not dismiss him; that they were little obliged to the French king for declaring himself against the same. They would live and die with him, though the King's highness, the French king and the Emperor should be against him. Was despatched on the 11th. Received a letter from Albany, the Queen and the Estates, which he sends by lord Dacre's advice. Stays here, at his desire, five days whilst Angus and the Humes shall determine what is to be done. The Scotch wardens are ready to do what "ennaunce" (annoyance) they can. The Duke has at Leith ten ships and two galoons ready to sail. His ordnance is at Dunbar. Wark and Norham will not take long to win. Albany has written to France, and is sending thither copies of the King's letters by a pursuivant, who is now with Clarencieux. He is but a simple personage; "wherefore I trust to find the means to see the same copies, and to show your grace the effect of them." The Scots refused to let him come by Berwick. Norham, 15 Feb.
	P.S.—Has something to communicate to the King, and to no other, by the Duke's desire.
	Hol., pp. 7. Add.
15 Feb. R. O.	2055. LORD DACRE to WOLSEY.
	As Dacre has already written, diets were appointed before Clarencieux's arrival, and the Duke wrote that the Scotch commissioners should make full redress; but they refused, unless assured of further peace. Clarencieux has been to Scotland, and delivered his credence to the Queen and the Duke, and to the Estates in open parliament, as Wolsey will learn from himself. Understands from him that Albany intends to remain in Scotland, to which the Queen and the Estates have agreed. The garrisons should therefore be sent to the Borders in all haste, for if the Borders are destroyed, garrisons cannot lie. If the King will only be charged with 500 men, they should be distributed according to his former letter. Encloses a schedule to the same effect. This number will suffice while there is peace with "the Marse." Has detained Clarencieux for three or four days that he may ascertain what Angus will do in fulfilment of his oath, sent to the King by the bishop of Dunkeld, in which Dacre puts but little trust;—also to hear what the Homes say they will do for their part. Norham Castle, 15 Feb. Signed.
	P. 1. Add.: To my lord Cardinal's grace.