Henry VIII: October 1544, 16-20 | British History Online

Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic, Henry VIII, Volume 19 Part 2, August-December 1544. Originally published by His Majesty's Stationery Office, London, 1905.

Citation:

'Henry VIII: October 1544, 16-20', in Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic, Henry VIII, Volume 19 Part 2, August-December 1544, ed. James Gairdner, R H Brodie( London, 1905), British History Online https://prod.british-history.ac.uk/letters-papers-hen8/vol19/no2/pp249-264 [accessed 16 November 2024].

October 1544, 16-20



16 Oct.	442. The Privy Council to Norfolk and Others.
R. O.	Another copy of their letter of the 14th (No. 437), dated Westm., 16 Oct. 1544. Signed by Canterbury, Wriothesley, Essex, Westminster, Browne, Wingfield, Petre and Bakere.
	In Mason's hand, pp. 2. Add.: To our very good lordes and others of the Kinges Highnes privye counsell att Callays. Endd.
16 Oct.	443. The Privy Council at Calais to Henry VIII.
R. O. St. P., X. 119.	The cardinal dinal of Bellay and president of Rowen arrived at Arde on Tuesday (fn. n1) and forthwith sent the town drum hither to the bp. of Arras. As they came not hither yesterday (and considering that since their peace with the Emperor the Frenchmen have assailed these countries by land and now by sea), thought good that Winchester and the Secretary should repair to the Emperor's Ambassadors; which they did yesterday afternoon, and found Arras alone, for Chappuis was sick and De Courrieres "gone a walking." Said they marvelled that, the Emperor being at peace with the French king, and commissioners appointed to treat here for peace, the French king should make a fresh invasion of the King's streams; and desired that the Emperor might be notified how strong the common enemy was now upon the sea, that he might keep such a force upon the sea as the treaty required. Arras asked, to their surprise, whether the French were already upon the sea, saying that he heard in France that 20 or 24 sail should come forth, but thought those here had been merchants; he knew not what the treaties required in the case, but was sure that the Emperor would do as he was bound; howbeit, before his army could set forth, the season would drive the enemies away, who were only here for the time of the treaty, it being the nature of Frenchmen to treat with a brag, and he marvelled that they sent not their ambassadors when their army by land was so near; he was sure that we should have peace forthwith, not doubting but that we had commission to conclude it. Talking of the re-delivery of some of the Duke of Savoy's places in Piedmont, we doubted whether the French king would deliver them until he saw an end with your Majesty. Arras answered that no doubt there would be an agreement, but "either of you must forego some part of his mind." We told him that, for the quiet of Christendom, you would ask less than by the treaty you might; and expressed surprise that the Cardinal and President came not hither (for Chapuys had that morning secretly advertised Winchester that the Cardinal had written to Arras that to treat of peace he would only come to an indifferent place, as Graveling, although to see Arras he might come to Calais), and Arras said that they had that morning advertised him of their arrival, and he had required them to hasten, for he would for 3,000 cr. that he might be in Bruxelles for his own affairs, and he never thought to have tarried here above ten days. Their safe-conduct was sent them by Norfolk and Suffolk, before the arrival of Hertford and the Secretary, to be accompanied by 100 horsemen. As De Courrieres told Hertford yesternight of the Cardinal's refusal to come hither, and told his host that he thought that we should go to St. Omer's, it is to be doubted whether the French Commissioners will come hither. Desire to know whether they may treat with the said French Commissioners in any other place, and how to proceed if they agree to all Henry's demands, but mislike the shortness of the time of payment of the arrears or the laying of so many hostages, or if they desire to have old treaties renewed or the Cardinal refuse to remain as hostage till the others come. Calais, 16 Oct. 1544.
	P.S., mainly in Gardiner's hand.—At the closing of this letter the Cardinal and President are arrived, Arras, who dined with us this day, having written to the Cardinal to hasten. Arras confessed that the Cardinal had written as though he would not come. To my Lord Deputy, who has been with him, the Cardinal shows himself very pleasant. Signed by Norfolk, Suffolk, Russell, Hertford, Winchester, Gage and Paget.
	Pp. 5. Add. Sealed. Endd.: The Dukes of Norff. and Suff., etc., to the King's Ma^te.
R. O.	2. Copy of the above.
	Pp. 5. Endd.: The Priveye Counsaylz l're to the Counsayl attend, upon the K's Ma^te, xvj^o Oct. 1544.
R. O.	3. Another copy headed "Copie of our l're of the xvjth."
	Pp. 5. Endd.: Copie of the Dukes of Norff. and Suff. l're to the Kings Ma^te.
16 Oct.	444. The Privy Council at Calais to Sir Ric. Southwell.
Add. MS. 5,753, f. 28 B.M.	Require him to pay Jas. Moyer, master of the John Baptist of Lee, for freight of 270 barrels of gunpowder from Andwerp to Boulloyn, 14l. Calays, 16 Oct. 36 Hen. VIII.
	Copy, small paper, p. 1. Add.: vice-treasurer of the Middle Ward of the King's army.
16 Oct.	445. Arras, De Courrieres and Chapuys to Charles V.
R. O. [Spanish Calendar, vii. 238.]	Since writing last, on the 10th inst., have received the Emperor's letters of the date (fn. n2) and the copies, therewith, of the writing presented by the English Ambassador, the answer drawn thereto, and the writing presented by Tournon, to be used as occasion offers.
	The captains of the Emperor's ships of war on this coast, having heard his intention for the writers, on the approach of the French army by sea and consequent retreat of those of England, three days ago withdrew towards Zealand; and the English will have no cause to complain, since they waited till after the withdrawal of those of England and were in want of beer, as before written.
	The day on which the courier departed with their last letters Arras received letters from the Admiral of France, answering those which, at the request of the English Council, he had written in order to know the number coming with Cardinal de Belay and President Remont. Arras answered and sent the safe-conduct next day; and has since, the day before yesterday, had letters from the Cardinal, which he answered yesterday morning with the participation of De Courrieres and Chapuys. (Copies of the above letters and answers enclosed.) Their answer to the Cardinal was made to avoid irritating the English and causing inconvenient delay. After dinner, were visited by the bp. of Winchester and Secretary Paget, who expressed astonishment that the Cardinal was so long in coming, adding that they found it strange that the King of France bragged (brava) so much, who seemed to have little desire for peace, since he came so powerful by sea, when he knew the amity between the Emperor and their master; and seeing that the treaty was that both should increase their army by sea according to the enemy's strength, they were charged by their master to pray the writers to write to the Emperor to make his army by sea, as by the treaty he was bound, and their master intended, with all diligence. The writers answered that they were expecting news of Cardinal de Bellay, and, as to the army by sea, would willingly notify the Emperor of the King's request, and were sure that, as his Majesty intended to observe this close amity and, had fully so done, he would fulfil all that the treaty bound him to; they hoped, however, that both would be freed from these expenses by a good peace, and it was not to be supposed that because the king of France was strong at sea he was unwilling to treat, for when he agreed to send his ambassadors, his two armies, by sea and land, were on the move (sur pied).
	This morning the duke of Norfolk requested them to dine with him and the Council at the castle, and as De Courrieres felt unwell and Chapuys was severely attacked with gout, Arras went, lest it should seem that all fled the company. Before meat, the Council asked if he had news of Cardinal de Belay's coming and if he would not come today. I replied that he had written of his arrival at Ardres, and I had answered praying him to hasten his coming; but it was by the messenger who brought his letter, and I did not know that he was to send the man back. Thereupon they prayed me to write two words to know if he was coming or not, and I at once did so (copy herewith), and they sent it by a trumpet. They said that they heard that the Cardinal wrote to me that he would desire this affair treated in some neutral place, and were astonished that he had not asked that they should go to him (que l'on alla traicter vers eulx). I was astonished that they should have heard it, and thought that the French themselves may have spoken of it; and I confessed that it was true, and that they (the French) had informed me that they would desire it at Gravelinghes or St. Omer, but it proved our sincerity that, without troubling them therein or selling them that good office, we had excused it. And thereupon they applauded the good intention of the Emperor and his ministers. After dinner, having sent out all who were not of the Council, they made the same complaints as yesterday about the French army by sea, and Norfolk said that never in his time had his master had this shame that the king of France was superior to him on the sea, and that he had many vessels which were being prepared. I answered, smiling, that he did his master wrong by saying that he of France was superior, since he had yet done no great exploit, but might say that he was the soonest ready; and it was to be hoped that peace would remedy all that. They asked, then, if we had written as they required yesterday after dinner. I answered No; and that we awaited the Cardinal's coming, to advertise you of it too. They said that they would pray me that it might be today, without waiting longer, and that I would add that they pray you to lend them the Spanish and Hollander vessels that are nearest this place, furnished with mariners, and they would give them their pay and put their men of war here aboard, and bind themselves to recompense the owners if the vessels were lost. I answered that I would advertise De Courrieres and Chapuys thereof, and thought that we would find no difficulty about advertising your Majesty thereof; and I made no doubt that by your answer they would know your desire to fulfil the treaty of amity to the utmost, as we answered yesterday. I meant thus to efface irritation (tous scrupules) and gain time, thinking that before this reaches you and the request is made in conformity with the treaty, and they have sent to the coast to learn what vessels there are and get answer, the winds and weather will put an end to their demand. Afterwards they had news that the Cardinal de Belay was coming and I departed, seeing them busy about his lodging. Calais, 16 Oct. 1544.
	Fr. Modern transcript of the original at Vienna, pp. 5.
16 Oct.	446. Arras to Cardinal Du Bellay.
R. O. [Spanish Calendar, vii. 237.]	Being here at the castle with the King of England's Council, was asked if he had no news that the Cardinal was to arrive here today. Answered, No. Sees that they are troubled at the delay of his coming, and begs for his resolution and news by bearer, whom they (the Council) despatch expressly for this, hoping that he will be able to return tonight. You will have received what I wrote you by the drum, yesterday morning, and therefore I will not repeat it. From the castle of Calais, 16 Oct., 1544.
	Fr. Modern transcript of a copy at Vienna, p. 1.
17 Oct.	447. The Lord Chancellor.
Royal MS. 13 B. i. 291. B.M.	Commission to Sir Robt. Southwell, Master of the Rolls, John Tregunwell, Master in Chancery, John Oliver, and Antony Bellasis. [See Grants in October, No. 24.]
	Later copy, pp. 3.
Lansd. MS.	2. Another later copy.
163, f. 310. B.M.	Pp. 5.
Lansd. MS.	3. Modern copy of the same.
171 f. 129b. B.M.	Pp. 2.
17 Oct.	448. Shrewsbury and Others to Henry VIII.
Add. MS. 32,655. f. 238. B.M. Hamilton Papers, ii., No. 339.	Enclose letters from the Wardens of the West and Middle Marches, and, with the latter, covenants to serve Henry subscribed by certain Scottish men who promise their hostages on Wednesday next. Because certain of the best Scots of Tevydale, who offered to serve conditionally, according to certain articles heretofore sent up, now refuse to serve "simply, without condition," after the form limited to us, we defer receiving these men's pledges until Saturday, 25 Oct., in order to know your gracious pleasure. Upon the conclusion of these covenants Farnyherst desires that he and his son John Carre may go home, leaving as pledges his second son, Robyn Carre, and the said John's son and heir. Doubt whether they will keep their covenants better than others of their countrymen have done. The Warden of the Middle Marches has also written to Shrewsbury for the exchange of the laird of Mowe for Robert a Collyngwoode's eldest son, prisoner in Scotland. It would be a good exchange, as Mowe is a mean man in substance and reputation, and the other a forward man, who will be of honest revenue after his father's decease. Would know his pleasure therein.
	Enclose a letter received by Sadler from Sir George Dowglas. Since the writing of it Sir Ralph Eure has commission to speak with Sir George, but they have not yet met. Darneton, 17 Oct. 1544. Signed by Shrewsbury, Tunstall and Sadler.
	Pp. 3. Add. Endd.
17 Oct.	449. Wotton to Norfolk and Others.
R. O.	Mr. Carne and I have received your lordship's letter of the 14th inst., marvelling that I have not answered the letters sent me from Boloyn by Nicholas the courier. I received at Chasteau en Cambresis, 22 Sept., a letter from the King dated at Bouloyn and delivered by Nicholas, and made answer (fn. n3) by the said Nicholas, who has since brought me another letter from Leedis (fn. n4) but none from Bouloyn. That letter I answered, (fn. n5) but, as I hear that Nicholas passed over from Dunkerke, I enclose a copy. News here is none but that the French queen is expected here on Monday next, (fn. n6) and today or tomorrow the Emperor rides forth to meet her; and here is little speaking but of jousts, tourneys and maskings. At the receipt of your last letters Granvele had been sick in bed two days and could not speak with me, but sent Secretary Joisse to learn "my mind." Joisse promised to bring the answer next day, but, towards night, when reminded of this, sent word that Granvele desired me to tarry a day and trusted to speak with the Emperor meanwhile. As it may be more than one or two days ere I have this answer, which I suspect will be put off to see if you agree with the Frenchmen, so that the King may not need the said 600 horsemen, Mr. Carne and I would not stay this bearer longer. If driven to make answer the Emperor will make some cavillation, "for I suppose he would be loth to seem to furnish men against his new friend even now in the midst of this great ostentation of amity." Bruxelles, 17 Oct., 1544.
	Hol., pp. 2. Add.: To, etc., the King's, etc., "Counsell." Endd.: Mr. Wotton to the Pryvey Counsayl at Calays, xvij^o Octobr. 1544.
17 Oct.	450. Carne to Norfolk and Others.
R. O.	On the 15th Mr. Wotton and I received your letters, both by Francis the courier; and forthwith I sent to Andwarpe, to the governor of the merchants, and to John Broke at Middelbroghe that the French fleet lay between Dover and Calais and (to Broke) that 50 hoys were sufficient. Where you marvel that you are not advertised of occurrents here; on the 11th Mr. Wotton despatched Nicholas the courier, by whom I wrote to Mr. Secretary Paget that the French Queen will be here on Monday next (fn. n6) or Tuesday. The Emperor goes "against her" this day. She will tarry here 12 days. The chief of the town shall meet her in crimson satin, the crafts with torches, the clergy with procession. The town banquets the Emperor and her in the town house, and jousts are prepared in the market place. The town must also present her with 2,000 ducats. There is also great preparation in the Court. Cannot learn what great persons come with her. There is no speech now of Orleance's coming. Some say that the French king's daughter comes with her, and that the Marquis of Gwasto comes hither shortly.
	Upon John Broke and Griffith Ap Penrithe sending for a more general commission to take up hoys than that for Middelbroghe, Rosyndall and Dordrighe, and that they might pay half a month's wages beforehand without further sureties or hostages (as I wrote to your lordships on the 11th by Nicolas the courier), I could for three days get no answer from the Regent and Council therein, until, on the 12th inst., the President Score and Nygre, the Chancellor of the Order here, came to declare that the Regent had spoken with the Emperor, and the commonalty of Middelbroghe had sent a supplication not to be compelled to serve into England without sufficient sureties, considering how they were handled at their late being there, when they were "compelled to go forth to the seas divers times, notwithstanding they had been forth all day before in rain, where the Englishmen with their ships were suffered to lie still, though they had not been forth at all, and were, at Dover and also at Calais, not only beaten but set in stocks, and their wages kept from them." Declaring also how their folks that brought victuals were slain, not by one or two but in great companies, by Englishmen, and of the 8000 horses which they brought had not home 5,000, so that they took more hurt by Englishmen than by Frenchmen, how the bp. of Lyege laid out 3,000 cr. for Landeberke's men and could not get it again, and how the Emperor paid them 15 days' wages homeward, although he had no need of them. And they concluded that both the Emperor and the Queen would be glad to have the King served, but would know what sureties the King's commissaries in Zelande would find for their subjects' indemnity and how many hoys they wanted. Carne replied that they were misinformed, and that their subjects were handled as gently as men of their sort might be, and better than the King's own subjects; if any were set in the stocks it was for causes for which they would have been hanged here, and if any were not paid they would have complained to the lords of the Council; as for the slaying of their men and taking of their horses it could not have been done by Englishmen; Landeberke went from his covenant with the King and even refused such pay as the Emperor paid, and yet the King paid him 20,000 cr. and had no service for it, and if the bp. of Liege laid out money it was not at the King's wish. As to sureties for the hoy-masters Carne marvelled at such a request in so small a matter, and thought that the Council's writing to him that they should be contented was enough; he could name no number, but only sufficient for the transportation of the army. Details further argument with Score about the necessity for sureties and the importance of the matter. Score promised to speak again with the Emperor, and the same night sent a servant to know if Carne had any message to Middelbroghe; and next morning the said servant came with commission to take hoys and shipmen throughout Zeland, and departed on the morning of the 14th towards Middelbroghe. One of the commissaries must remain hostage in Middelbroghe until the hoys return. Bruxelles, 17 Oct.
	P.S.—"In the afternoon yesterday the receipt of the French queen was altered by the Emperor, and is now appointed to be a Wednesday next. (fn. n7) The town, in lieu of the money that they should present to her, hath prepared for her a fountain of silver gilt that cost them 2,700 ducats; and another day is appointed for the banquet of the same town." Signed.
	Pp. 7. Add.: "To the dukes of Northfolk and Suthfolk most noble graces and other lordes of the Kinges Ma^ties mooste honorable Councell at Calais." Endd.: 1544.
17 Oct.	451. Griffith Appenrith and John Broke to the Council.
R. O.	The 9th inst., before the bailey and burghers here, the mariners agreed to be ready on the 12th with the first good wind to sail towards Caleis; and, albeit we were unable to set surety for "damage that they might sustain, according to the commission," they agreed that Griffith Appenryth' should remain hostage till surety was set to the Lady Regent, and thereupon their month to begin the 10th inst. Advertised the King's Ambassador of this the same day. On the 12th inst., as the mariners would not depart, they were called before the bailey, and their covenant declared to them; but they said they would not sail until they had surety according to the commission. Eftsoons advertised the Ambassador and desired him to provide remedy. On the 16th received letters from his lordship declaring that the Lady Regent insisted that surety must be set according to the commission, "and sent hither another commission and a durewerder (fn. n8) to compel them to make sail." As that last commission expressed "that the mariners should be assured of their persons, ships and goods" it has made the matter worse. As it is now bruited that French ships of war are in the Narrow Seas and have taken two hoys laden with horse and men, and driven two of the King's ships into this road, and the mariners refuse to accept the writers' offer to bind themselves and their goods, the writers have today advertised the Ambassador that the commissions avail nothing, and the durewerder, whom he calls a commissioner, "cannot compel them"; requiring him to become surety to the Lady Regent, or else cause the master and fellowship and the English merchants at Andwarp to bind themselves. The writers have done their best, and are in such sorrow that they doubt it will cost Griffith Appenryth his life. Middelborowe, 17 Oct.
	P.S.—After writing the above, received a letter from the Ambassador to the effect "that your lordships had willed him to advertise us that 50 hoys was sufficient, and that a great 'flote' of Frenchmen of war are between Caleis and Dover and along the sea coast." His lordship wrote that he could not answer how the hoys might pass, and that we should not write to him thereabouts; but we have advertised him of the difficulty made by the mariners. Ask whether to set forth the hoys when the surety is set, or stay them. Before receipt of this last letter they had paid 70 hoys for their half month, and now they will try to recover the King's money from such as shall not serve. Middelborowe, 17 Oct.
	Hol., in Broke's hand, pp. 3. Add.: To, &c., King's Privy Council of England. Endd.: 1544.
18 Oct.	452. Reinforcements.
R. O.	[A book of payments for the despatch of soldiers out of Essex and Hertfordshire, viz.:—]
	Received, Friday, 12 Sept. 36 Hen. VIII., of Mr. Treasurer's servant of the Augmentations, 300l.; also, 25 Sept., of Mr. Stone, 100l.; also, 9 Oct., of Mr. Smyth, 120l.
	"Payd unto Sir Phelyp Butler, the sayd xijth day of September, for conducte money for iij^c salgers (300 soldiers), levyed owt Harffo[rd] shyar [a]s [du]s a pere by a b[yll of] his hand, xxxl. Item, gevene more the same xij [day], unto my lord Morley for cound[ucte] money for vj^c (600) men levyed owt of [Es]sex, as dus a pere by his a cou[nte] and his letter made by fore Barren Smyth, xxixl. xvjs." The same day, for two horses from Waltam Cross to Sir Ph. Butler's, 2s. Paid 14 Sept. to posts sent into Soffoke, Northfoke and Essex, to "acknowlege" the commissioners to send their soldiers to Ipswyche, for want of shipping at Harwyche, 10s. [Id.]; also to Mr. Legge's servant, of Harwyche, for carrying a letter to Okyng, to the Council, to learn who shall pay the charges of "transporting [ove]r the soldiers," 13s. 4d. To posts sent into Northfoke and to Harwyche with copy of the Council's letter "to stay the men at the first time, that was the xxj^th day of September," 6s. 8d. Paid, 21 Sept., to 600 soldiers for conduct money back from Ypswych to divers places of Essex, 39l. 16s. 1d.; also to Thos. How, captain, for conduct of his 100 men back from Harwyche, 9l. 3s. 4d., and to John Dell wood, captain, for conduct of his 100 soldiers from Harwyche to Bunttyngford, 9l. 3s. [4d.].
	The account is continued with nine similar items of payments to captains on 22 Sept., and with a list of eleven payments to various ship owners and others for ships which were ready for the transporting of the soldiers on 22 Sept. Then follows a similar account of payments to Butler, Morley, and the captains, for conduct money, etc., from 25 Sept., and for shipping, which was ready at Ypswyche and Harwyche "to have transported over to Bullen and Calys xvij^c (1,700) soldiers, the xiij of October." The last item is for "my charges" from 11 Sept. to 18 Oct. at 2s. 4d. the day. Total payments, 568l. 17s. 3d., leaving "in my hands" 22s. 9d. of the King's money. Signed: Robert Cranwell.
	Pp. 8. Slightly mutilated. Endd.: "The hole boke senth the xjth day of Septem. to the xvijth of October."
18 Oct.	453. The Privy Council to Lord St. John.
R. O.	The King, minding to set forth with all possible diligence such a number of ships furnished with men (part of which are preparing here in the Thamise, part at Harwiohe and part with you at Dovor) as by the enclosed schedule of the ships and soldiers may appear, commands us to signify to your Lordship that, like as we travail here and have taken order at Harwiche that the ships may be victualled for 14 days, by which time they will be "together in one conserve on the seas," his Majesty will have victual prepared at Sandewiche, Dover and those parts for other 14 days, to be sent to them before the first 14 days expire, "and so from xiiij days to xiiij days as long as need shall require." For this purpose we have conferred with Roulf, who trusts to do it, provided he may have stuff for reasonable money. The King, knowing your Lordship's dexterity, would have you add this to your past labours, viz., to see the said Roulf furnished with wheat and malt of his Grace's provisions at Dover and thereabouts as cheap as he may afford for ready money, and that money delivered again to such as have charge of the provisions there, and to encourage Roulf, and yet see the things so done that the King may be assuredly served. For the said wheat and malt, and for beef, butter and cheese and other necessaries, we have delivered Roulf 1,000l. Finally, the King, understanding by your letters of the 17th that you are setting forward in Dover haven the 10 ships therein mentioned, prays you to use all possible haste. That you may see them furnished with men in proportion as the other ships are, we have sent you "the copie aswell of the sayde shippes as men," which shall be ready within 8 or 10 days.
	P.S.—Until advised where the whole conserve shall meet, your Lordship need not set your ships into the sea.
	Draft in Mason's hand, corrected by Wriothesley, pp. 3. Endd.: M. to the lord St. John, xviij^o Octobris 1544.
18 Oct.	454. The Privy Council to Norfolk and Others.
R. O.	The King having addressed sundry letters, commissions, &c., to them, which, because of the number of French ships upon the Narrow Seas, are stayed at Dover, copies of the most important are sent herewith. By their letters of the 13th it appears that a captain of the Italians has offered to serve with 40 horsemen and 300 footmen. If the men seem warlike and meet to serve they should be accepted. The King thinks that even if the four ships appointed to come out of Thames were joined with his navy the numbers were very slender to cope with the French navy, being so great a number and so great ships as is reported, and resolves to have the number of ships of such burthen as appears by the enclosed schedule, with the numbers of men totted thereupon, of which they shall hear tidings within these ten days at furthest; "after whose coming we trust you shall see these men avoided of that walk, and the way to Callyce made more open, so as, you avoiding them after like sort upon the land of that side, if any be gathered to such places as Mons. de Liques advertised, we have good hope that they shall have little cause to brag of their doings, either upon the seas or land, and you return with your honor to the immortal renown of his Majesty."
	The King will not have you treat with the French ambassadors elsewhere than in Calais. If they agree to his demands and mean frankly, they will not stick at the giving of the hostages, or the Cardinal refuse to lie hostage until the other pledges come, seeing that so many and great hostages remained with the Emperor. If they agree to the rest, the King will grant longer day for the arrearages. Finally, you shall press the Emperor's ambassadors to write to the Emperor to declare himself enemy according to the treaty, and the towardness shown therein should be considered in your communications; in which, if you feel the French ambassadors well minded to grow to an end, you shall comfort them forward, and if they speak of renovation of the old amity, wherein you, Mr. Secretary, were instructed here, you shall covenant for the same, with like reservation of the Emperor's amity as the Emperor used in making his peace. Westm., 18 Oct. Signed by Wriothesley, Essex, Westminster, Browne, Wyngfeld, and Petre.
	In Petre's hand, pp. 4. Add.: To our very good lords and others of the King's Ma^tes privy counsell at Callys. Endd.: 1544.
18 Oct.	455. The Privy Council at Calais to Henry VIII.
R. O. St. P., x. 122.	As signified in a postscript of their letters of the 16th, the Cardinal of Bellay, with the President of Rone, arrived yesterday afternoon. Appointed the Lord Deputy to visit him; and, by chance, Hertford, Winchester and the Comptroller encountered the President in the streets returning from the bp. of Arras's lodging. He said that the Cardinal was ill, and resting; which they took for an impediment to visiting him, although they had not meant to see him until they perceived his inclination. The Lord Deputy, however, often repaired to him, and this morning asked whether he would come to the King's lieutenants, who, with the rest of the Council, were in the Council House. He said he would gladly do so, but was not yet strong enough, and would send word after dinner. At which time the Lord Deputy repaired again to him, and he said that he would go if the Emperor's ambassadors were there, and not unless. Albeit Norfolk, Suffolk and the Lord Privy Seal, not being in the commission, intended not to intermeddle with the matter, it was thought a good introduction for all to unite to welcome the Cardinal and call him thus out of his lodging, and afterwards the commissioners might visit him and invite him to dinner. Upon this answer Winchester and the Secretary were sent to the Emperor's ambassadors and roundly showed the Bishop (fn. n9) the Cardinal's refusal to come, as though fashioning his coming to be only to him (like as the Cardinal had written from Arde) whereas, coming to treat of peace with the King's commissaries, the Cardinal should not require the presence of the Emperor's ambassadors. The Bishop said that had Henry been here the Cardinal would have so done, but now he stuck much to come to a neutral place for the sake of his master's honor; "howbeit (quoth the Bishop) I have by my letters brought him hither and, now (quoth he) that he is come indeed, I pray you (said the Bishop) bear with him." Replied that they took it that the Cardinal's coming was enforced by Henry's treaty with the Emperor, and not that Henry should now obtain an amity by mediation. The Bishop repeated the Emperor's proceeding with Henry, his own sending and the answer he received, and the conclusion taken, and said that now the Emperor had not the French king in vinculis, but had persuaded him to send ambassadors and travailed in this matter as "meane" for the wealth of Christendom. Replied that in a sense it was true that the Emperor had not the French king in vinculis, but that they were persuaded that the Emperor esteemed his bond to Henry more than Montferate, Pyemonte or any other town, and therefore had taken hostage for the French king's promises concerning Henry; and, as to being "a meane," the Emperor could not stand half-way between Henry and the French king, but nearer to Henry, and, as the French king had sued to the Emperor for fear of both Princes, so, he must now sue to Henry; "and if the Emperor will not maintain this, then shall we have just cause to complain to the world of faith and leagues as justly as ever men did." Such cause, the Bishop answered, we should never have; and he told how scrupulous the Emperor was therein, how he sent to Henry before taking conclusion, how the French king had promised to satisfy all pensions and arrears according to the old treaties; and he made a long tale, but said that the Emperor had hostages only for certain articles. Replied that, as to old treaties, the platform of the conditions now demanded was the new treaty with the Emperor, although, for the wealth of Christendom, Henry was content (as he told the Bishop) to diminish part of them; and said that this peace seemed to have an untoward entry, for, although come to Henry's town, the Cardinal fashioned his coming as though only to speak with the Emperor's ambassadors, whereas in every war heretofore God had given them such superiority that the Frenchmen sued to them directly. The Bishop said that, seeing that they were come to Calais, as all the world knew, it mattered not what the Cardinal spoke secretly; and, to eschew such fond speech as the Cardinal might use, "he would direct him therein and said (qu. say?) unto us in his presence that whereas the Cardinal and his colleagues were sent from the French king to your Majesty, being at Boleyn, to require peace, whereof then the conclusion followed not, they be now returned from the said French king to prosecute the same"; he (the Bishop) would only hear and make relation to the Emperor.
	The French army, 1,500 horsemen and 25,000 footmen, continue about Monttrell, to return to the taking of Basseboulloyn and siege of the town if the treaty in hand take no effect. For its defence, leaving Guisnez and the rest of the Pale furnished, we have almost 4,000 whole men; but here is like to be great scarcity of victuals unless we have bread and breadcorn out of England, for out of Flanders we can have none. We enclose a schedule concerning the ransoms of prisoners, returned to us from the Dauphin, and would know whether to follow it. Calais, 18 Oct. 1544.
	P.S.—Enclose a letter received from the Lord Admiral, and for their relief will convey hence as much as may be spared, but expect to want here unless the sea may be opened; and they beg that provision against that time may be made in England, which must be the chief refuge both for Calais and Bullen, although they have sent to Flanders for 1,000 qr. of wheat, if it may be gotten. Signed by Norfolk, Suffolk, Hertford, Winchester, Gage, Paget, and Ryche.
	Pp. 7. A short passage in cipher. Add. Endd.
R. O.	2. Contemporary decipher of the ciphered portion of the above preceded by the following sentence (deciphered from some other letter of the same date?):—
	"For my lordes be advertised certenly that Arde is revitualled, and albeit it were not they could not be hable w^t so smal a power as they have here to have empeched it."
	P. 1. Endd.: The deciphre of the l're from Calays xviij Octob. 1544.
R. O.	3. Original draft of § 1 (without the postscript), mainly in Gardiner's hand.
	Pp. 13. Endd.: The Consayl being at Calays to the Kinges Ma^te., xviij Octobr. 1544.
18 Oct.	456. Hertford and Others to Henry VIII.
R. O. St. P., x. 127.	This morning, about 9 o'clock, came to us, in the Council Chamber of this town, Messrs. Darras and De Courrieres, and after them the Cardinal and the President. After Norfolk, Suffolk and the Privy Seal were departed, Arras, as he promised yesterday, began the "purpose," as expressed in our other letter. The Cardinal answered that, albeit you began the war (presumably thinking that you had a just cause), yet his master, at the desire of his friend the Emperor, and for the quiet of Christendom and his private affection to you, was content to listen to reasonable conditions of peace. We, after declaring the just causes which moved you to war, repeated your demands; adding that, albeit, since our last conference, you had sustained great charges, and might, by your treaty with the Emperor, demand far greater things, you would, for the quiet of Christendom and your private affection to their master, press for no greater demands than were last proponed. The Cardinal answered that the Emperor was satisfied and the amity with the Turk never existed, but the pension was grounded upon treaties which you had not observed (and you had unjustly entered war against their master) and therefore was not due, and the arrearages ought not to be paid, and as for damages it was their master, whose country you had ruinated for 100 years to come, who should ask damages; as to delivering Arde and Guisnez, or losing Boulloyn or Boullongnois, his master would not depart with one inch of ground. If the matter should rest upon the pension and arrearages, their master would, for the weal of Christendom, continue the pension and pay the arrearages at reasonable terms, but he would not renounce the amity of Scotland or forego Bulloyn, Arde or Guisnez. We answered that the pension viager was a due debt and the pension perpetual due for other respects, and, their master having expressly refused to pay, there was no course but to try the matter by the sword, and therefore you entered amity with the Emperor, who approved the justice of your cause and by the treaty still approves what you might demand, viz., the whole realm of France; and like as their master had been enforced by your joint power to satisfy the one, so, doubtless, with the help of your friend, you should cause him to satisfy you, and the rather as "you demanded less than by the treaty th'Emperor is bounden to see your Majesty satisfied of"; it was reason that you should keep Boulloyn and Boullonnoys as lawful conquest and have recompense of the damages you sustained. The Emperor's Ambassadors said nothing save that, when we pressed the Emperor's obligation to see you satisfied, Arras said that this assembly was for some good appointment, and not to dispute of the Emperor's obligation to either one or the other. When we repeated often that the Emperor had approved your cause for entering the war, the Cardinal said it was because then he heard but the one party; whereto Arras answered that he would not be judge, but, only as a friend to both, labour to induce you to a quiet end. Here the Cardinal stepped in and began to show how you had not kept your treaty for the pension at the Emperor's invasion of Provence, but I, the bp. of Wynchestre, was able to answer him to the full, and we concluded that pension and arrearages and damages should be paid and Boulloyn retained. The Cardinal answered that they had no commission to go further than they did, and had somewhat ado to bring their master to it. Reminded them of Sainct Martin's offers and their own offers touching the damages and the Scots at Hardelo. They made light of St. Martin's offers, saying that they knew "it was never their master's commandment touching Arde or Guysnes"; and, as to damages and the Scots, "then was then, and now is now;" their master had since been put to greater charges and his subjects were not now in such danger, and he would never forego Boulloyn or one piece of ground. Told them that we thought you would never forego Bulloyn, and there was not a man in your realm but would spend all he had in its defence; and here we began to wax warm, for they bragged of their army of 30,000 men that should come yet to besiege Boulloyn. Whereupon Arras prayed both parties to take some good way for the appointment, and the Cardinal answered that they had told their master's final resolution, which was to have Boulloyn again, or else if he won it by force he would neither pay pension nor arrears; and we answered that you would keep Bullen and Boullonnoys. " 'Then,' quoth the Cardinal, 'we may depart,' and rose."
	Arras rose also and went apart with Hertford and Winchester, seeming to lament the matter; and, being told that this matter touched the Emperor's honor, and that yet we were content to advertise you of these conferences if they would advertise the King their master thereof, Arras approved this and said he would after dinner move them to it. Meanwhile the Cardinal took me, the Secretary, by the hand apart and told me of his affection to you and what forces his master had, how none of his master's council were affected to you save Madame d'Estampes, the Queen of Navarre and himself, and how the bp. of Rome had dissuaded this assembly and offered "to spend in this quarrel all jewels he hath and his triplicem coronam." But as your Majesty warned me and the earl of Hertford to beware of their subtlety, I said but yea and nay, and that, as for your being left alone, you mistrusted not the amity of the Emperor. He said that, now the Emperor and his master were friends he might not say much, but you might esteem things to come by things past, and he would tell me in great secrecy that the Emperor already went about calling a General Council. He was beginning to enter further when the others brake off communication, and so did we.
	We have determined meanwhile to speak with De Courriers and Chappuys (because Arras says it is not his commission) requiring that, by virtue of the treaty, the Emperor will press the French king to satisfy you or else declare him enemy. We send herewith copies of two other letters which we sent by Burley in your little pinnace. The Frenchmen still keep the sea at their liberty. If the French break off after this sort, someone who is able to reason the meaning of the treaty should be sent to require the Emperor to observe it and declare against the French king. Calais, 18 Oct. Signed.by.Hertford, Winchester, Gage, Paget and Ryche.
	Pp. 8. Add..Endd.: 1544.
R. O.	2. Draft of the above in Paget's hand.
	Pp. 10. Endd.
19 Oct.	457. The Privy Council at Calais to the Lord Admiral.
R. O.	After commendations to you and other of the Council there (fn. n10), we are sorry to hear from your letters that you have no greater store of victuals, and think that there must have been some waste or spoil. Doubtless you will begin betimes to bring the soldiers to moderation, for, while the enemies occupy the sea, unless men begin to live skarcely as in time of siege, lack may ensue. Be sure that we are careful to send to you, and although, by tarrying here we are driven to some extremity, we intend to send you somewhat, having devised to send along the sands 100 qr. of wheat at one convoy, and will send wine and other things as soon as the seas may be cleared. Calays, 19 Oct.
	P.S.—You make no reckoning of the, corn found in the town at your entry. Albeit such as find it in their lodging may repute it their prey, the King accounts it his.
	Draft.in.Gardiner's.hand,.p. 1. Endd.: M. of the Counsail remaynyng at Calaya l're to my l. Admyrall, xx^o Octobr 1544.
19 Oct.	458. Sir Richard Ryche to the Council.
R. O.	Encloses brief of his receipts and payments from 1 May last to 18 Oct., when there remained the sum therein contained towards next payday which is Thursday (fn. n11) next. Conferring today with the vice-treasurers of the vaward and rearward and the deputy of the vice-treasurer of the battle, finds that 7 days' wages will amount to about 3,300l. "Beseeching your lordships (sic) to be humble suitors to the King's Majesty that money may be sent with speed, for the poor sick soldiers can in no wise forbear their money; assuring your lordships the poor soldiers do here daily die of the plague and also of weakness for lack of victual." Calice, 19 Oct. Signed.
	P. 1. Add.: To the, etc., lord Chancellor of England. Endd.: Sir Richerd Riche to the Counsell, xix^o Octobris 1544.
R. O.	2. [The "brief" above referred to.]
	The charge of Sir Ric. Riche's receipts, 1 May to 18 Oct. 36 Hen. VIII., is 428,449l. 2s. 7d. Whereof paid 424,692l. 7s. 3½d. Remainder 3,756l. 15s. 4½d.
	P. 1.
	459. Eleanor Queen of France to Francis I.
Add. MS. 21,404 f. 13. B.M.	Having seen the Emperor (fn. n12) she at once certifies that he was pleased to hear of Francis's desire to keep his amity, and assured her that he had no less desire on his side. "Je luy ay dyt le surplus quy vous a pleu me coumander. Y ma dyt quy desyre et pourchacera tout se quy luy sera posyble v're amytye aveuque le Roy d'Angleterre. Je meterey poyne, Monsr., de savoyr lyntancyon de l'Ampereur an se que tousche le maryage de n're fys Monsr. Dorleans, an quoy je ferey tout se quy me sera posyble; et an tout se quy sera v're servyce aveuque lamour que vous aves tousjours congneu de moy. Vous suplyant tres humblement, Monsr., me fayre set honneur de me fayre savoyr de voz nouvelles sepandant que je ne puys avoyr tant de byen que destre a v're compaygnye. Je prye N're S^r quelles set telles comme je luy suplye et quy vous doynt Mons^r ousy bonne et longue vye que vous desyre
	v're treshumble et tresobeyssant fame, Leonor."
	French. Hol., pp. 2. Flyleaf with address lost.
20 Oct.	460. Lands Mortgaged to Londoners.
Harl.MS. 6,822, f. 22. B.M.	Notes of grants made in 36 Hen. VIII. with condition that they should be void if the purchase money should be refunded within a year. Giving dates, purchase money, names of the manors and other lands and the yearly value.
	All the grants indicated in Part I., No. 891, iv., are here noted except the last, together with grants of 5 Oct. to Robt. Langley and others and of 20 Oct. to Ph. Meredith and others.
	In a later hand, pp. 29.
20 Oct.	461. The Earl of Hertford.
Add. Ch. 15,104. B.M.	Deed of sale by Edward earl of Hertford to Nic. Bonham of the manor of Wissheford, Wilts, granted to Hertford by pat. of 15 Oct. 36 Hen. VIII. Dated 20 Oct. 36 Hen. VIII. Seal injured.
	Parchment.
20 Oct.	462. Henry VIII. to Charles V.
R. O. St. P., x. 133.	Having deputed certain of his Councillors now at Calais to treat with the ambassadors of the French king, has, therewith, commanded the earl of Hertford, his Great Chamberlain, and the bp. of Winchester, in case the French ambassadors will not come to a reasonable appointment, to declare to the Emperor his opinion and desire. Begs that they may have brief and resolute answer. Westm., — Oct. 1544.
	French. Draft corrected in Henry VIII.'s own hand, p. 1. Endd.: M. to th'Emp^or, xx^o Octob. 1544.
R. O. [Spanish Calendar, vii. 237.]	2. Modern transcript of the preceding, from the original at Vienna. Dated Westminster, "ix." (sic) Oct. 1544.
	Pp. 2.
20 Oct.	463. Henry VIII. to Norfolk and Others.
R. O. St. P., x. 134.	Perceives, by their sundry letters of the 18th inst., "aswell the haulte proceedings of the French Ambassadors as the cold and unfriendly doings of the bishop of Arras and his colleagues," &c. Even if Henry was so fondly disposed to leave Boloyn, he thinks that they and the rest of his realm would not take it in good part. Approves their advice to send to the Emperor. Pretending that they have yet no answer from him, and alleging the uncertainty and danger of the passage, if the Frenchmen are still in the same terms, Hertford and Winchester may declare to the Emperor's Ambassadors that, in case the French Ambassadors and they cannot agree, they have commission to repair to the Emperor; which they shall do accordingly, leaving Norfolk, Suffolk, Privy Seal, Gage, Paget and Riche to entertain the Emperor's and the French Ambassadors till Henry's answer comes. To the Emperor they shall present the letters of credence herewith and declare their command, in case the French Ambassadors would not come to reason, to repair to him and declare it. Doubts not but to find the Emperor ready to press the French king to agree to the reasonable conditions of peace to which Henry condescends, being less than his Ambassadors before offered, or else, if the French king refuse this, to declare himself enemy and join Henry as the "treaty bindeth." The bp. of Winchester, being "so willing to go in this commission," can doubtless declare the parts of the treaty which enforce this; and both shall so press the Emperor that Henry may obtain his desire, or at least see what to expect of the Emperor. The Emperor's ambassadors are to be persuaded to entertain the French Ambassadors in the meantime, and Henry will not have his answer declared to them until Hertford and Winchester return.
	Cannot believe what they write of the numbers of the French army yet at Monstrell, after the reports of such gentlemen as were at the camp, the advertisements of trumpets and espials, the scarcity of victuals, the famine and death of horses. Considering the death now at Calais and the necessity of fortifying Base Boloyn, so as to keep the haven, would be glad to have 2,000 of his best men sent from Calais to Boloyn, if they may be furnished with victual for 12 or 14 days, within which time the passage shall be opened so that neither Calais nor Boloyn will lack victuals. Has also taken order that howsoever the passage be stopped some refreshing shall come to them. Wm. Broke writes that two of Henry's ships are yet in Zelland. They shall order the captains to pass to Harwich, avoiding the enemies, and join the rest of his navy. Westm., 20 Oct. 36 Hen. VIII. Signed at the head.
	Pp. 5. Add.: To, &c., the dukes of Norff. and Suff. and the rest of our Pryvey Counsail at Calays. Endd.
R. O.	2. Draft of the above, the first part much corrected in Henry VIII.'s own hand (as indicated in the St. P.), the latter written and corrected by Petre.
	Pp. 14.
20 Oct.	464. Wriothesley and Petre to Paget.
R. O. St. P., x. 136.	Thanks for his letters, which the King takes in good part, commending his discreet handling of his own private conference. As the Cardinal will probably continue it, the King requires Paget to ask frankly (as of himself) how it is that when he left Bulloyn he doubted not to come again with things acceptable and now brings commission to the contrary, saying that doubtless "they have a good foundation of the Emperor if they can better hold him than other have done." Thus Paget may suck out of him what trust they have in the Emperor. Here is no Englishman but will spend all he has and his blood ere Bulleyn shall again be French. Westm., 20 Oct. "at midnight in haste, haste." Signed.
	In Wriothesley's hand, p. 1. Add. Endd.: 1544.
20 Oct.	465. The Privy Council to Lord St. John.
R. O.	The King, being informed by my lords at Calays that there is great scarcity of victual there and at Bulloyne, desires you (if the Frenchmen are put asunder by the tempest as Master Peter Carowe reports, who saw but two of them in his passage, and the masters and captains there think that anything may safely be conveyed over) to send some relief to Calays, if only 100 or 200 qrs. at once, or less, especially bread corn. This would be to his Majesty "singular pleasure." He desires you to call Mr. Leighe and the rest of the commissioners there, and send them with commissions into "sundry parts more within the shire" to cause wheat to be threshed and brought to Dover, Folston, Sandewiche and other places where it shall be meet to make staples. The King specially trusts to that quarter for relief at this present, and desires you to appoint staples and men to keep the accounts. That the people may bring wheat and malt with better will, the King intends to send you 1,000 mks. and another 1,000 inks, to Mr. Lee and the commissioners, and desires as much as possible brought, "though they should bring but two or [three] quarters in a cart, sparing for no money at this pinch," for surely it touches the safety of his pieces on that side. If it seem unmeet to adventure any of the ships of war, small quantities might be laden in boats to steal across singly by night, and even if one were taken the arrival of another would countervail its loss. The King thinks that a pinnace or twain might be sent out to descry, against the tide by which it is intended to pass the victuals.
	Draft by Wriothesley, pp. 4. Endd.: A minute of a letter to the lord St. Jones, xx Octobris a^o 36.
20 Oct.	466. The Privy Council at Calais to Henry VIII.
R. O.	Yesternight the Least Shallop arrived with letters from Henry and his Council and certain commissions, whereupon, as we had done before, we required the Emperor's ambassadors to write to their master, upon this invasion of the French, to do as the treaties bind, or at least signify to the French king that unless he withdraw his forces the Emperor must declare himself for you. The ambassadors promised to write and gave good words; "but if their deeds do follow the same it will be well." We have but once met the French commissioners, who stand to their first offers signified yesterday and will not write to their King how far they have proceeded, "braving still to depart unless we will agree, or else grant that we hope your Majesty will leave Boulloyn and thereupon write unto your Majesty." Mons. Darras has been practising with us to entreat the Cardinal to tarry, but we have pressed him so with the treaty that he promises, himself, to induce the Cardinal to tarry in case you do not break off further treaty. Whereas he pressed us to say what hope we had that you would relinquish Boulloyn, we answered that we thought you would for the wealth of Christendom take an honorable peace (but that we took the leaving of Boulloyn but a vaunt) and did not think you would break off if the Frenchmen desired peace. Had the thing been at our liberty, considering the French commissioners' brags, "with short answers," we would have made no means at all for their tarrying. Desire instructions in case the Frenchmen will neither agree to his demands nor come to other offers, or will depart.
	Where we are appointed to make exploits upon divers places of the enemy and then send 2,000 picked men to Basse Boulloyn and ship the rest over; in case the wind prevents your army (fn. n13) coming forth to repulse the enemies from the passage and victuals run short here, we have thought good to write to your ambassadors with the Emperor and Regent to get ships in Zeland for transportation from thence straight into Suffolk. Calais, 20 Oct. 1544. Signed by Norfolk, Suffolk, Russell, Hertford, Winchester and Ryche.
	P.S.—Whereas we, the dukes of Norfolk and Suffolk and the lord Privy Seal, after exploits against the feeble places which the enemies keep, are to send 2,000 of our best men to Boulloyn; unless the seas may be open to bring victuals to Boulloyn the store left in the town will not serve long, "and much the less for the great spoil your Majesty's own soldiers have lately made there," as appears by a letter (herewith) from Mr. Brix. Where we have written as above to your ambassadors with the Emperor and Regent for ships for transportation; as the French king is reported to prepare to reinforce his navy with 30 sail out of Bryttayn, it would be well to man the ships out of Zelande, if we may obtain them, with the soldiers to be transported over and the 2,000 for Boulloyn, and let them join with the rest of your army by sea; and so set the 2,000 men at Boulloyn when victuals and all things are ready for them. We ourselves or some of us will willingly serve on the sea with them.
	Pp. 3. Add. Endd.
R. O.	2. Draft of the above in Paget's hand.
	Pp. 5. Endd.: My. the Counsayl at Calays to the Kinges Ma^te, xx^o Octobr. 1544.
20 Oct.	467. Cardinal Farnese to [Giovanni Poggio,] Bishop of Tropea.
R. O.	Has written before for the despatch of the pension of 11,000 scudi upon the church of Granata transferred to the Cardinal of England (fn. n14) by the bp. of Verona, dec. The reasons which the Emperor gave for his not obtaining it hitherto having mainly ceased, it should not be delayed longer; and as, with this hope, the Cardinal sends bearer to the Court, the Pope, who has the matter much at heart, has commissioned me to write again to you to speak of it to the Emperor and make every effort, that the Cardinal may be satisfied with the help of his Holiness and consoled with the pension which he deserves.
	Italian. Modern transcript from a Vatican MS., p. 1. Headed: II Card. Farnese al vesc^o di Tropea (Poggio), nuntio appresso la M^ta Ces^a., 20 Ottobre 1544.