Henry VIII: October 1544, 11-15 | British History Online

Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic, Henry VIII, Volume 19 Part 2, August-December 1544. Originally published by His Majesty's Stationery Office, London, 1905.

Citation:

'Henry VIII: October 1544, 11-15', in Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic, Henry VIII, Volume 19 Part 2, August-December 1544, ed. James Gairdner, R H Brodie( London, 1905), British History Online https://prod.british-history.ac.uk/letters-papers-hen8/vol19/no2/pp234-249 [accessed 16 November 2024].

October 1544, 11-15



11 Oct.	413. The Privy Council to Hertford and Paget.
R.O.	As the Frenchmen, after attempting to annoy the King's pieces on that side, are (or shortly will be) retired for lack of victuals and fodder, you shall not agree to any abstinence or truce with the French commissioners, but "stay precisely upon the full peace." Considering the scarcity of hay and horsemeat there, the King marvels that my lords Norfolk, Suffolk and Privy Seal suffer his Majesty's horses and those of gentlemen of his privy Chamber to be stayed there (especially doing no service) and requires you to speak to them to send away such as are not occupied, else the owners will be charged more for their meat than they are worth and there will be the more scarcity in the coming year. Footes Cray beside Eltham, 11 Oct. 1544.
	P.S.—The King's horses there are for his own saddle and should be sent over as soon as possible. Signed by Cranmer, Essex, Browne, Wyngfeld and Petre.
	Pp. 2. Add. Endd.: 1544.
11 Oct.	414. Norfolk and Others to Henry VIII.
R.O.	Yesternight, very late, Hertford and the Secretary arrived at Calais, and this morning have shown the rest of the Council the cause of their coming. Since their arrival Henry Palmer of Guysnes has brought news as follows:—This last week the Dolphin sent many horsemen and footmen to overthrow Campe church and raze Palmer's house, which they did. On Thursday the Dolphin sent a great number, with two cannons, to summon Andern church; which was defended by nine persons, who hurt divers of the assailants and slew five horses, and finally made a composition whereby they should depart to Guisnes with their weapons, paying their month's wages. Nevertheless, when the door was opened, they were all made prisoners and carried to the Dolphin's camp, and a trumpet sent to Wallop for 7 cr. a-piece for their ransoms and charges. On Friday the Dolphin (being encamped all this while at Fynes) came with Orleans through the Forest "by the booke weye toward Guisnes" with 500 horsemen and 6,000 footmen. Before they approached Guisnes John Wingefelde and Henry Palmer had skirmished with them and a Spaniard yielded himself. When all were retired into the town and the gates shut, the alarm was made and 100 Frenchmen were slain, the aforesaid Spaniard slaying two Frenchmen and one horse. One who was slain with a piece of ordnance seemed a notable person, for many ran about him and carried him away and soon afterwards the rest retired, having done nothing but set fire to some houses before the town gates, which the captains had meant to burn the same night. On Saturday early the French camp returned to Equelles, and now breaks up. Thus far Palmer's report.
	Divers Italians have rendered themselves to Henry's service, including one who last year took prisoner Francisco Dest, captain of the Emperor's horsemen. He is returned to the French camp on pretence to fetch his ransom, and promises to report all things and do notable service. The Emperor's ships of war still attend for Henry's service upon the sea. Mr. Baynton, Sir George Carewe and Mr. Harper, who have charge of the transportation, report that there are still 700 sick men to be transported, "whereof the lord Feres hath showed us there be 260 of his band, of which number there died three in his house whiles he was paying of them, and the fourth in the street going towards the haven." The Emperor's ambassadors look hourly to hear of the ambassadors of France. The enclosed advertisement from Mons. de Liques came as we were writing. Calayce, 11 Oct.
	When the foresaid notable person was slain the Dolphin himself was hard by, and "the piece missed him very little." Signed by Norfolk, Suffolk, Russell, Hertford, Winchester, Gage, Paget and Ryche.
	In Gardiner's hand, pp. 3. Add. Endd.: 1544.
11 Oct.	415. Norfolk and Others to the Council.
R.O. St. P., x. 114.	Perceive by the Council's letters of the 10th, more and more, how they have offended the King by departing from Boleyn; and beg intercession for his favour again. As to sending over men to diminish their number; albeit a few whole men went whose captains had already gone over, none were to depart but such as were sick, and Mr. Ryche, Mr. Baynton, Sir George Carowe and Mr. Harper, who were charged with the oversight of this, took great pains. Men dying here in the streets of the sickness and the bloody flux, both contagious diseases, it is no marvel if some made excuses to fly from the town. Being retired hither to defend the Pale and to do some enterprise upon the Dolphin, stayed all the chief captains and as many of their men as were meet to tarry. On Thursday (fn. n1) Norfolk, Suffolk, and the lord Privy Seal, hearing that the Frenchmen would do some enterprise upon the bulwarks, went forth with all the men here to give them visage, whereupon they have never drawn near since, nor has the Dolphin dared to rest in one place. On Monday last (fn. n2) he filled this country with his horsemen and encamped at Merguyson, and on Tuesday morning (fn. n3) "made the camysado to Boleyn." He durst not lie again at Marguyson, but two leagues nearer Fyennes, and on Wednesday came to Fynes. On Thursday and Friday (fn. n4), to his loss, he made skirmishes, burnt a few cottages and threw down two churches (fn. n5); and went away on Saturday. So that if he boast of this journey (forgetting losses, "as their custom is") he may say that he cast down one church and his brother another and the dukes of Vandosne and Guyse, Marshal Hannybal Admiral and Marshal du Biez burnt each a cottage, "with all their glory and thousands upon thousands."
	An Englishman of honesty reports that at St. Omer's he saw a Frenchman who had bought victuals stopped, upon the command that no victuals should pass to the French camp; as the Emperor's ambassadors here also affirm. To the King's army they have sent plenty from St. Omer's. Yesterday Norfolk and Suffolk sent a trumpet to the Dolphin to complain that certain poor pion[eers] taken at Boleyn were taxed unreasonably 40 angels for ransom, agreeing thereto by torture. The chief cause of his sending was to view their army, but they are gone with such speed that he is not returned. Enclose a letter from Mr. Wallop, to be shown to the King, with remembrance of the writers' suit to recover his Majesty's favour. Calayce, 11 Oct. Signed by Norfolk, Suffolk, Russell, Winchester, Gage and Ryche.
	In Gardiner's hand, pp. 4. Add. Endd.
	416. Conditions for Ransoms.
R.O.	"Cest la cappitulacion que Monseigneur le Daulphin entend faire avec Messieurs les ducz de Suffort et de Norfort," viz., that the King's lieutenant, if taken, shall be ransomed for 1,000 cr., and the other officers of an army (detailed) for their quarter's or month's pay. If required the Dauphin will get his order confirmed by the King, provided that the dukes get the King of England's confirmation. Gentlemen and officers of the households of the King, Queen and Princes (Messieurs) shall be ransomed for their quarter's pay, and other gentlemen coming to the war for pleasure for honest ransoms. No prisoner to be detained more than eight days.
	French, pp. 2. Endd.: Articles touchant les prisonniers.
11 Oct.	417. Norfolk and Others to the Council.
R.O.	Since the closing of our packet directed to you, letters from Mr. Wallop signify the departure of the Dolphyn's army; and certain that came from Boleyn by land report that they saw no man by the way. Calais, 11 Oct. Signed by Norfolk, Suffolk, Russell and Winchester.
	In Gardiner's hand, p. 1. Add. Endd.: 1544.
11 Oct.	418. Norfolk and Others to the Council.
R.O.	After the despatch of our other letters, the Emperor's ambassadors, labouring to give a good opinion of the Emperor's proceedings, sent us the enclosed letter. Calais, 11 Oct. Signed by Norfolk, Suffolk, Russell and Winchester.
	P.1. Add. Endd.: 1544:
11 Oct.	419. Sir Richard Ryche to Cranmer, Wriothesley and St. John.
R.O.	Encloses a brief declaration of such particular payments as he has made since 24 Sept., which was four or five days before the King left Bulleyn. Had then in hand 16,000l. and afterwards received from Wotton of Calyce 12,000l. and out of England 33,333l. 6s. 8d. Cannot make a perfect declaration in so brief a time, but they shall have it in five or six days. Where they write that the King marvels at his asking 6,000l. for the transportation of 8,000 men; if that number is in the brief (fn. n6) enclosed in the Lords' letters the clerk was to blame, for in the writer's copy in his own hand there is no number. The 6,000l. was esteemed by the two vice-treasurers and Mr. Southwell's clerk to be the charge for the transportation of the army and for conduct money (which was esteemed at 5s. a man). At the making of the Lords' former letter many sick men remained here for lack of passage, "and also many horses, which we thought had been gone before my coming hither." Is sure that if they knew the diligence and policy used they would think that he and the others did their duty. Cannot yet send the charges for next pay day, as the vice-treasurers cannot declare how many be gone and how many remain until a muster is taken, which the Lords here have ordered. The soldiers and most of their captains lie, in several places, five or six miles from Calais. Will make a full declaration when his clerks come, one of whom is left in Bullen to pay the money there, and the other gone into England for money. Begs despatch of his servants with money, for "the poor soldiers may very evil forbear their money, considering the scarcity of victual that is here." Calys, 11 Oct. Signed.
	Pp. 3. Add.: To, etc., "the lord busshopp of Caunterbury, the lord Chauncellour of Englonde, and the lorde Greate Chamberlayn, and to every of them." Endd.: 1544.
R.O.	2. Memorandum that "I, Sir Richard Ryche," had on 24 Sept. 36 Hen. VIII., being Wednesday before the King's departure out of Boleyn, 16,000l.; and afterwards received of Sir Edw. Wotton, treasurer of Calyce, by the King's delivery, 12,000l. and out of England 33,333l. 6s. 8d., whereof:—
	Paid to Matth. Coltehurste, treasurer of the ordnance, for wages of wagons, pioneers and officers 3,000l.; Sir Ric. Southwell, for wages of the battle 2,000l.; Robt. Pole, for hay and oats 63l. 19s. 6d.; Quynton Brumoke, conductor of victual out of Flanders, 113l. 17s.; Sir Edw. Wotton, for the garrison of Calyce, 2,346l. 11s. 9d.; John Hussey, for wagons for the victual, 100l.; Sir Ric. Southwell, for wages of the battle, 5,000l.; Forman Swarres, "in reward," 20l.; Sir Hugh Paulett, treasurer of Boleyn, for wages of certain pioneers, 1,000l.; and for the garrison there, 1,000l.; Sir John Harrington, treasurer of the "forward," 6,212l.; Sir Robt. Dormer, treasurer of the rearward, 3,788l.; Matth. Coltehurste, treasurer of ordnance, for wagons, pioneers and officers, 3,000l.; the lord Admiral's wages for one month, 93l. 6s. 8d.; Griffith. Appenreth, for hire of "huyes," 400l.; Edw. Corbett, for lord St. John, for victual, 100l.; Sir Ric. Southwell, for wages of the battle, 400l.; left with Sir Hugh Paulett, treasurer of Boleyn, 12,000l.; John Hussey, for wagons, 2,557l. 9s.; Sir Ric. Southwell, for wages of the battle, 1,000l.; Palmer, treasurer of Guisnes, for the crew there, 847l.; Ralph Fane, for wages of the Almayns, 10,806l. 13s. 4d.; Thos. Chamberleyn, for wages of the countie de Beure, and his company, 2,300l. 15s. 6d.; Sir Ric. Southwell, for wages of the battle, 400l. Total 58,549l. 12s. 9d.
	Statement showing how much of the above was, severally, for wages, &c., for De Beures and the Almayns, for Boleyn, and (to the three vicetreasurers) for wages, conduct and transportation. All which was paid since 24 Sept., being the Thursday (fn. n7) before the King's departure from Boleyn, besides 4,600l. paid to the Countie de Bures by Damascell and 800l. paid to Lyghtemaker by Locke and Dymocke.
	There remains in my hands 2,783l. 13s. 11d., and in the hands of my two servants, in England and at Boleyn, about 1,000l., whose declarations I will send, with all my receipts and payments, as soon as possible.
	Pp. 3.
11 Oct.	420. Arras to the Admiral of France.
R.O. [Spanish Calendar, vii.234.]	Received last night his letters of the same day, with the number of persons needing safe-conduct in order that Cardinal de Belay and President Raymont might come for the negociation of the peace; and the dukes of Norfolk and Suffolk, who have all authority here, have just sent the safeconduct which goes with this. Hopes that the Cardinal and President will be already near him and begs him to hasten them; for if the wind consents the King's ministers will be here tonight, and, as the Admiral writes, Arras indeed desires to return to his master. So good a work ought to be hastened. Calais, 11 Oct. 1644.
	Fr. Modern transcript of a copy at Vienna, p. 1.
12 Oct.	421. Processions and Litanies.
	"An exhortation unto prayer thought meet by the King's Majesty and his clergy to be read to the people in every church afore processions." Also a litany with suffrages to be said or sung (in English) in the time of the said processions.
	The people are exhorted, among other objects, to pray for the King," who doth not only study and care daily and hourly for our prosperity and wealth, but also spareth not to spend his substance and treasure, yea, ready at all times to endanger himself for the tender love and fatherly zeal that he beareth towards this his realm and the subjects of the same, who at this present time hath taken upon him the great and dangerous affairs of war"; also to pray for our brethren "who bend themselves to battle for God's cause and our defence."
	Printed at London, in Paules Churchyearde at the sygne of the Maydens Heed, by Thomas Petyt, 12 Oct. 1544.
	Black letter, pp. 32.
12 Oct.	422. University of Cambridge.
Harl. MS. 7036. f. 87b. B.M.	Exemplification of a decree of the Court of Augmentations, 10 Oct. 36 Hen. VIII., continuing the payment of 10l. a year due from the late abbey of Westminster to Cambridge University for Henry VII's dirige; in pursuance of an indenture quadripartite (copy prefixed) made 20 Nov. 20 Hen. VII. between King Henry VII., the abbey of Westminster, the University of Cambridge and the city of London. Westm., 12 Oct. 36 Henry VIII.
	Modem copy, pp. 2. Marked as enrolled in the office of Thomas Mildemay, auditor.
12 Oct.	423. Sir Thomas Seymour to the Council at Calais.
R.O.	Replies to their letter of the 8th that the debt to the wagoners and limoners is not paid; for, as my lord Lieutenant knows, the bill for the money was not signed till the day before Seymour's departing from Bolen, and Mr. Ryche knows that the morning he departed the money was not all received; "so that all the day following, and all the night after, he ceased not to pay them, and the next day in the morning, as he was paying of the rest the ambassador of the Emperor came in the place where they were a paying, and spake otherwise than became him, if it were true that I heard, and commanded them all to follow him and he would see them paid at Calles; so that he took with him as well such as was appointed to serve as those that was appointed to be discharged." The treasurer tarried two days after at Bolen, paying others, and then, as weather would not serve to come to Calles, he was fain to go along the seas in a hoy laden with ordnance. I have sent for him if he be at his house in London. Where you charge me with his appointment, I named the said Matthew Coltherst to my lord Lieutenant, as the King's servant and one whom I thought honest, and my lord Lieutenant spake to the King for him at St. James's; at which time six or seven of the Privy Chamber affirmed my sayings. In serving his master truly I shall commend him; otherwise I shall desire his punishment. Dover, 12 Oct. 1544.
	Hol., pp. 3. Add.: To, &c., "my lordes of the Kynges Prevy Consell at Calles."
12 Oct.	424. The French Campaign.
Calig. E. iv., f. 57, B.M. Rymer. xv.52.	In the year of Our Lord 1544, 11 July 36 Hen. VIII. (all his Majesty's captains and army sent before to Monstreull and Boullogne), the King took his journey form Westminster to Earyth by water, and tarried there that night. Next day, 12 July, he went to Gravesend by water, dined, and rode to Feversham. On the 13th he rode to the abp. of Canterbury's house called Forde, dined, and thence to Dover. The 14th he took shipping and arrived at Calleys at 9 p.m., being met by Lord Cobham, deputy, and the mayor and brethren. The mayor presented the sword, which the King handed to Cobham; and then the mayor, bearing the mace, on the left hand of Mr. Gartier, and all the officers of arms present, proceeded before his Majesty to the Checquer, where he lodged; and Lord Cobham, returning to the gates, brought him the keys. Next day the duke of Suffolk, lieutenant, with the Master of the Horse and other noblemen, came from the camp at Merquyson and tarried with his Majesty three days. On the 15th the King viewed the new bulwarks of Calleys, and the Emperor's high admiral came to Calleys and remained there eleven days. Friday, 18 July, my lord of Suffolk, my lord Marshal and others, with horsemen and footmen and a piece or two of artillery, went from Marguyson to view Boulloign, where they skirmished and cleansed the wood of robbers and returned. Saturday, 19 July, Suffolk removed the camp to Boulloign, and certain of our hacquebutiers approached the walls and skirmished, and divers were slain on both parts. Forthwith, our artillery was bent upon the town and remained daily approaching nearer. Monday, 21 July, Huberdyn was slain with a "halfe haache" out of the Watch Tower as he and his men went to view it, and that afternoon Bas Bulloigne was taken and the Frenchmen driven into the High Town before they could burn Bas Bulloign, where they left much salt, pitch, tar and other merchandise, but carried more away in boats and ships "for lack of our ships being at the haven's mouth." That day much cattle was taken by our horsemen, who killed and drove into the sea many Frenchmen on the furthest side of the haven. Tuesday, 22 July, a cannon was taken up to shoot at the Watch Tower, which thereupon surrendered to Suffolk; in it were 14 men and a boy, who were afterwards exchanged for Englishmen. Thursday, 24 July, Mons. de Vendosme's trumpet came to my lord Lieutenant, and was despatched the same night. Sir Ant. Wyngefelde with 500 of the Guard camped at Caussey Poinct.
	"The order how the King's Majesty departed out of the town of Calleys" on Friday, 25 July.
	First, the drums and "viffleurs," then the trumpets, then the officers of arms, then the barons, then Mr. Gartier next before the King's banner, then the King "armed at all pieces upon a great courser," then the lord Harberde bearing the King's head piece and spear, then the henchmen well horsed and appointed. Outside the gates the duke of Alberquerk's company of 100 horse met him, six of them being barbed with cloth of gold, also the earl of Essex, chief captain of the men of arms, and Sir Thomas Darcy, petty captain, with a great number of horsemen; and then the order was, 1st, light horses and demilances, then the guard on foot, being 25 archers on the right and as many gunners on the left, Chestre, gentleman usher, leading the archers, and Harman, gentlemen usher, the gunners, the King being in the midst with his pikemen followed by the men of arms. Aloof were 50 archers on horseback on the right led by Mr. Willoughby and as many gunners on horseback on the left led by John Uprichardes. At Sandingfelde stood embattled the captain of the Guard and all the Guard, who afterwards marched after the King with banners displayed. The King camped at Marguyson that night, being a tempest of rain and thunder. The same day the French footmen came out of Boulloign and skirmished with ours, and Mr. Winter's brother was slain with others on both parties.
	On the 26th the King marched to Boulloign, being met and accompanied by Sir Ralph Elderka (sic) and a great many light horsemen, and received by Suffolk. He camped on the north side of the town, near the sea.
	On the 27th the Frenchmen's sheep grazing in the town ditches were captured.
	On 28 July, my lord Admiral, with lord Clynton, Mr. Gennyns of the Privy Chamber, and other captains and 900 men, who had been in Scotland, arrived in Bulloign haven. Tuesday, 29 July, Sir Thos. Poynyngs repaired to the King from Monstreull, and at his return summoned Hardeloe castle, which surrendered with 50 soldiers and 100 peasants. The captain, named Anthoine de————(blank) "was brought to my lord of Suffolk the same day and returned again the same night to the said castle with Sir Nic. Poins and certain other men of arms. And Mr. Peter Carew with 50 men was appointed captain of the same." On 30 July, Wednesday, Richmond herald brought from my lord of Norfolk a gentleman named Jacques de Fremozelles and a French trumpet, who lay in Suffolk's camp with Mr. Palmer until Friday. On Friday, 1 Aug. Fremozelles spoke with the King for his wife, who was within Boulloign. Mr. Bryan came to the King. Sunday, 3 Aug., the battery began on the east side of the town. Wednesday, 6 Aug., the Count de Bure with 200 horsemen came from Montreull to see the King. The Count received a present of an English courser and remained three days. Friday, 8 Aug., our men gave the town alarm at 1 a.m. Tuesday, 12 Aug., came Captain Taphorn with 500 Flemings, and one Lyghmaker with 100 Clevois horsemen. On 13 Aug. three ensigns of Almains, well horsed, arrived; one ensign being gunners and the rest light horse. (These mustered before the King on 21 Aug.) Wm. Burgat, surveyor of Calleys, was slain in the trenches. The earl of Harforde came to the King.
	Thursday, 14 Aug., the captain of the Spaniards with 100 gunners arrived (which company, by means of French boys with them, daily found booties hid in the ground, as wool, bells and household stuff, insomuch that two Spaniards forsook their captain at Monstrell and came to serve this captain, who were hanged for their pains and "the rest" commanded home again to their captains). Hunt, the King's smith, was slain this day at his forge in my lord Admiral's "leger" ; also in Bas Bulloign were hurt with the same shot Mr. Gooddolphin, Mr. Harper and Mr. Culpeper.
	Tuesday, 19 Aug., a hundred or more picked men of France would have entered the town, whereof 65 were slain or taken and some entered the town. They came from Hedyng, guided by a priest who forsook them at their most need but was taken, with all their horses "which were very simple." Our scout, a Northern man, was hanged for not watching. That day the High Almain horsemen arrived; and that night, "as the watch went down to the trench, the steeple fell down." On Thursday, 21 Aug., the King mustered the Almains, who were "well allowed." On Saturday, 23 Aug. and Bartholomew Day, our men gave great alarms; these days and Monday being very foul of wind and rain. On Sunday, 24 Aug., Norfolk came from Monstreull, and returned next day. On Tuesday, 26 Aug., one of the scoult watch, Sir Ralph Elderka's servant, was hanged for being absent when the Frenchmen came. On Wednesday, 27 Aug., at 1 a.m., the scout sent word of a great number of Frenchmen, and there arose a great alarm in all the camps. On 29 Aug., at 2 a.m., was a sharp skirmish at the walls and on the night of the 30th a sharper. That day my lord Privy Seal came from Monstreull, returning next day. On 31 Aug. our men assembled to assail the braye, but it was deferred to next day. On Monday, 1 Sept., Sir Hugh Paulet's men won the braye.
	Tuesday, 2 Sept., our men in the trench and braye gave the castle alarm, and also a false alarm, and broke certain doors into the castle; but were met with such hailshot, stone and fire that they were bound to recoil. Many were burnt and hurt, among whom "Woodall was h[urt] and Sir Ric. Longes captain and Sir Richard Crumwell's captain [Spencer and Hambert], (fn. n8) were sore hurt with many other of our men."
	Wednesday, 3 Sept., at 8 p.m., Sir Chr. Morys was hurt with a handgun; "but he demeaned himself very valiantly before, and killed all the master gunners of Bulloin."
	Thursday, 4 Sept., the two mines against the braye approached the contremure of the castle. There was marvellous lightning, thunder and rain for two hours. The same day "the train was set to the tower on the south side of the town and rove the same very sore." On Friday, 5 Sept., our men began to pick at the castle wall and the Frenchmen threw down stones and fire; also eighteen of them came out of the north side of the town, slew one of our labourers and entered in again. Saturday, 6 Sept., our men gave the town a great alarm, and at midnight the Frenchmen gave alarm to our men in the braye and slew some. The lord Warden of the Five Ports came from Monstreull "within night." On 7 Sept. two Italians came over the walls of the town and surrendered. Our men threw "certain balls of wildfire" into the town.
	Tuesday, 9 Sept., the earl of Hertford, bp. of Winchester, Sir Wm. Paget and Sir Ric. Riche, with two companies of horsemen, lord Fitzwater and other gentlemen, went to Hardloe castle to meet the French ambassadors, who arrived that day, viz., Jehan de Bellay, Pierre Remon, Claude de Laubespine and Jehan Destrumell (titles of each given) with 50 horse; and that night they supped together. On Wednesday, 10 Sept., Suffolk and Browne, with a great company in gorgeous apparel, went to Harloe to the ambassadors, and anon went to dinner and to Council, and returned to Boulloigne that night.
	Thursday, 11 Sept., the earl of Surrey and lord William Hawarde came from Monstreull to the King and (the train of powder being set to the castle) accompanied the King to his standing to see the castle fall; at which fall many of our men were hurt with flying stones. Our men assaulted the Flemings' Tower and other places in the town, and many were slain on both parts.
	Saturday, 13 Sept., (fn. n9) at 9 a.m., Mons. de Santblemont and Mons de As came out of the town and were conveyed by Lord St. John and Sir Thomas Palmer to Mr. Secretary's tent, where Suffolk and the Council communed with them until afternoon, when M. de As returned into the town. On 14 Sept. M. de As returned to Santblemont; and both dined with the Lord Marshal, earl of Arundel, and then went to the King and made the "rendition." My lord Great Master went to receive the town and the officers of arms to set up the King's banners. Proclamation was made that those who tarried and would be sworn to the King should be safe, and "divers men, women and priests and others" did so, while the rest, men, women and children, "avoided the town"; and the King marched a mile along the Monstreull way to see them pass. The King stood with the Almain horsemen on the one side and the English on the other, the Master of the Horse bearing the sword naked, and there passed first the "raskall" men, women and children with their horses and baggage, about 2,000, and then the men of war, five in a rank, another 2,000; others went over the river Hardlowe wards and w re not seen. Then began a storm of wind and rain, blowing down tents and pavilions, breaking ships in the haven and destroying much victual. The same night the French ambassadors came from Hardeloe, but the tents and pavilions appointed for them were blown down, and the tents where they supped fell down on their heads, insomuch that, next day, after speaking with the King, they went and lay in the town. The storm continued, with wind and rain, until Thursday, 25 Sept., the day of their departing.
	On Thursday, 18 Sept., the King, at afternoon, accompanied by the duke of Albarquirque and others made his entry into Bulloigne and there lay fortifying it, and gathering his artillery and viewing what works he would have done, until his departure into England. (fn. n10)
	On Thursday, 25 Sept. the Lord Marshal, lord St. John, and Mr. Comptroller with 5,000 men and certain field pieces went towards Monstreull "[to] raise the siege which began the xxvij [of] Sept. at night and was ended the next [mo]rrow by ten of ye clock." The French ambassadors departed homewards by Hedyng. Tidings came that the Emperor had peace with the French king, and that the Dolphin would come to "raise the siege there." Friday, 26 Sept., Norfolk with a good company went to a wood beyond the river to chase certain Frenchmen.
	On Sunday, 28 Sept., the King mustered all his battle, horsemen and footmen, without Monstreull gate. And on Tuesday, 30 Sept., his Majesty made certain knights at his lodging within Boulloigne, and incontinent took ship into England.
	On Wednesday, 1 Oct., arose a great alarm in Boulloigne by 1,500 French horsemen, with whom the duke of Norfolk and lord Privy Seal, who camped beyond the water, were ready to fight, and our horsemen skirmished with them and they fled. On Friday, 3 Oct., Norfolk, Suffolk and the lord Privy Seal marched in order towards Calleys, resisting an attempt by the French to seize the ordnance; and at Calleys many of the army died of the flux.
	On Tuesday, 7 Oct., the Dolphin came with his army by night, and certain of them with their shirts over all entered Bas Bulloigne and cried "Bowes." The people, hearing this alarm and thinking them friends "because they cried Bowes," resorted to them and they slew all they might, both men, women and children, and went then to spoil the ships; but all that approached the ships were killed, and our captain Sir Thos. Poynyngs set upon the rest and slew———(blank); whereupon the Dolphin fled with no small loss. He then went to Guysnes and burnt certain villages thereabouts, and at Hammes Turnpike lost 40 of his men, and at Guysnes ————(blank). On the Friday and Saturday, 11 Oct., divers of his carts were taken, of which eight, laden with wine, were brought to Bulloign.
	On Sunday, 12 Oct., were appointed to meet at Calleys "the Emperor's ambassadors with the old legiere (fn. n11) and Monsieur de Courier and the bishop of Cambersey, and the French king's ambassadors, the bishop of Parrys, Cardynall Bellay, with other.
	"To conclude a peace, the same day arrived from the King's Majesty the earl of Hertford, lord Great Chamberlain and Sir William Paget, secretary."
	Much mutilated, pp. 23. Continued after 1 Oct. in another hand, which has also made additions to the entries for 18 and 25 Sept. Printed by Rymer before the mutilation.
12 Oct.	425. Sir Edward Bray to Norfolk.
R.O.	Yesterday afternoon was great smoke at Arde, as though the camp had removed thither; so I sent a woman of Brenard thither, who returned late "and declaryed thatt wasse myche prowysyon off mett, ffor there wasse yn every howse yn the town cokes a rostyng off mett and maney ffyers w^t owth the town ffull off mett; and, as she cowld lerne, the campe laye att a wyllage callyd Olderham halfe amyle ffrom Lekeys. I lokeyd ffor them more thys neyt then I dyd any neyt afore, butt ytt the cowntre ys quyett. I thynke they ar gown. I shall knawe the certenty thys daye." Bottes, 12 Oct.
	Hol., p. 1. Add.
12 Oct.	426. Claes Taphoren to Sir Ralph Fane.
R.O.	Captain Ydelwolf says that Captain Adam has told him that, on 11 Oct., being lodged at the Three Kings in Grevelinge with two Frenchmen and a German in the French service, the Frenchmen asked him if he had not decided to serve the French king. Captain Adam answered that the King's money was in his purse and the King's bread still between his teeth, but there was time enough. The others then asked what he thought of the English war, saying that they were all three in the town of Kales when the last alarm was made and saw their government and enterprises, and where the lodgings of the dukes, earls and nobles of England were. The captain said it was very bold of them, and asked why they went. They answered that it was to see and hear, and to know the place of assembly when any alarm is made; and within five days neither cow, sheep, pig nor house will be left in the country of Calais, and all who issued out of Calais to resist would be slain, for the Dolfin or the French army will come in two troops, viz. a great army of footmen and 3,000 or 4,000 horse, and will lay an ambush of horsemen beside a certain bridge to prevent any returning into the town.
	Captain Adam affirms all that is above written, and Captain Ytellwolff and I beg you to notify it to the King's Council. Our commendations to your lordship and your good wife. Dunkerke, 12 Oct., 2 p.m.,a⁰ 44.
	French, hol., pp. 2. Add.: a Cales.
12 Oct.	427. Griffith Appenrith and John Broke to the Council.
R.O.	Wrote on the 10th of the covenant made by the mariners of Armue, Middelborowe and other places before the bailly and burghers of Middel-borowe, to serve the King for 30 stivers the ton, and that, because the commission sent by the ambassador declared that the mariners should be assured of payment and possible damage (for which 10,000l. surety was not sufficient), the mariners were content that Griffith Appenrith should remain in hostage till the Lady Regent should write that she had sufficient surety, and that they promised to be ready to sail to-day. As the wind is now good we desired the bailey and burghers to compel them to sail; but the burghers answered that the commission was not addressed to them, and, to the bailey, the mariners refused to sail until "assured according to the commission." As the bailey dares not compel them we have sent to the King's ambassador for remedy, but "we doubt that no commandment will serve, we find them such rude, disobedient and rebellious people." It rests with the Lady Regent and Council. Middelborowe, 12 Oct. Signed.
	In Broke's hand, p. 1. Add.: To, etc., King's Privy Council of England. Endd.: 1544.
12 Oct.	428. Arran to Paul III.
Royal MS. 18 B. vi. 169b. B. M.	Since his brother, John, abbot of Paslay, is vigilant against the enemies of this state and of the Church, presented him to the see of Dunkeld, void by the death of George, with retention of the monastery of Paslay, but understands that this is hindered partly by the opposition of the provost of St. Giles, who claims that bpric. (without any right from Arran) and partly because Robert Vauchop seeks to obtain from His Holiness a pension out of it. Considering the expense of resisting both the enemies of the Faith and the English, begs that his brother may have the bpric. without reservation of any such pension, especially as it is bound to a pension to John Campbell, brother of the earl of Argyle. Has commissioned Adam More to obtain certain privileges. Edinburgh, 12 Oct. 1544.
	Lat., copy, p. 1.
12 Oct.	429. Arran to Cardinal Carpi.
Ib. 170.	To the same effect. Edinburgh, 12 Oct. 1544. Lat., copy, p. 1.
12 Oct.	430. Mary Queen of Scots to Paul III.
Ib. 170b.	To the same effect. Edinburgh, "et tutoris nostri manu signatum," 12 Oct. 1544.
	Lat., copy, p. 1.
12 Oct.	431. The Same to the Card. of Carpi.
Ib. 171.	To the same effect. Edinburgh, 12 Oct. 1544.
	Lat., copy, p. 1.
13 Oct.	432. The Privy Council to Norfolk and Others.
R.O. St. P., X. 116	Forward the commission to treat with the ambassadors; wherein are appointed Norfolk, Suffolk and the lord Privy Seal, with the rest named in the other commission. The King would not have it known that any such commission is sent, until the coming of the French ambassadors. That the Frenchmen may know that their late peace with the Emperor is of no force without the King's assent, occasion should be taken to declare the very words of the treaty to them in presence of Mons. Darras. Where the Emperor's ambassador seems to excuse himself by the King for not repairing over, he may be answered that, although the King was content that they should remain at Calys until knowledge of their master's pleasure, it seems now meet that one of them should come over and give attendance. Greenwich, 13 Oct. 1544. Signed by Canterbury, Wriothesley, Essex, Westminster, Browne and Petre.
	P. 1. Add.: To our very good lordes and others of the Kinges Ma^tea Privie Counsell at Callys. Endd.
R.O.	2. Draft of the above, corrected by Wriothesley.
	Pp. 3. Endd.: M. to the dukes of Suff. and Norff., etc., xiij Octobris 1544.
13 Oct.	433. Sir John Lowther to Shrewsbury.
Add. MS. 32,655, f. 232. B.M. Hamilton Papers, ii., No. 337	Was by letters patent granted the keeping of Carlisle castle with a garrison of 20 horsemen but has at the lord Warden's request "suffered him whilst Michaelmas." At Lady Day in Harvest reminded him that Michaelmas drew near and he said that he would send to Shrewsbury. Has now, since Michaelmas, demanded the house, or at least room for himself and soldiers, before Mr. Pryston, Mr. Customer, Mr. Huton and Mr. Thomas, his son, "and his lordship said he would part with none." Begs to enjoy the King's grant. Has this summer, for the Warden's pleasure, kept house where there is a hall that no fire can be built in and a kitchen that no cook can brook for smoke, without a larder able to receive two beeves at once (so that he had weekly to buy his beef upon the shambles) and with no garner for grain. His lordship has in this town one fair house prepared by the King, and one, that I have heard him praise, called "the Wardens housse," but whatsoever I may spare he shall have. Carlisle castle, 13 Oct. Signed.
	P. 1. Add. Endd,: 1544.
13 Oct.	434. Norfolk and Others to the Council.
R.O.	Of late divers captains of Italians have sent to offer service, and notably one Bart, de Kers, of Piedmont, who, this day, offers to serve with 40 hacquebutyers and 300 footmen "of the bravest of all the French army" at such wages as the King pays his own subjects. Have promised them answer at St. Omer's within four or five days. Marvel to hear nothing of the French commissioners, who (as Mons. Darras reported) left the French Court on Saturday was sevennight. The Emperor's ambassadors seem equally to marvel. As Mons. Du Roeulx advertised Mr. Wallop by a gentleman who brought a letter (sent herewith, with others from Mons. de Vandoville and my lord Admiral) the Emperor is not best contented with his appointment with the French king. The French king is at Amyens. The Emperor comes to-day from Bruxelles to Gaunt, from whence we marvel that Mr. Wootton has sent no answer to the King's letters sent by Nicolas the courier from Boulloyn. Mr. Paulet is returned to Bullen, having paid 800 cr. ransom, as appears by my lord Admiral's letters. The ships he mentions are hovering athwart this town, 25 sail, fourteen of which are great ships of over six score. The King's ships that lay here went eastward this morning. Would that the four ships that have been so long coming forth of the Thamys and out of Colmy were joined with them, for the passage is now taken from us, and this bearer goes by Dunkirk for surety. Calays, 13 Oct. 1544. Signed by Norfolk, Suffolk, Russell, Hertford, Winchester, Gage and Paget.
	P.S.—The foresaid French ships have anchored before the town, six miles out. Some of them are judged to be of 200 or 300; and the admiral to be of 400 and made like the Salamander. There is another, like a Spaniard, bigger than the admiral. The King's ships upon this coast, viz., the Mynyon, Rose Lyon, and Dragon, ride before the Newlande, ready to come in with the tide. "The pinnace whereof Bucley is master is here within the haven, and the least shallop of all who came this morning from Boulloyn went out of this haven by ten of the clock towards Dover, and we trust be passed over." Three of the Flemish ships of war lie north-east of the King's ships, and two others went westward last night, and are, we doubt, taken, together with certain hoys which left today with horses and sick soldiers. The King's horses are still in the haven, ready to set forth.
	Our trumpet is just returned from the French camp with the Admiral's letters to Mons. Darras, who sends word that the Cardinal and his colleagues will be this night at the camp, and at Arde tomorrow before day. Our trumpet says that the soldiers, both Frenchmen, Almains and Swiss, are "marvellous poor and weak," and that this day or to-morrow the camp dissolves; and that between Licques and Bourdes, where they left the French camp, 5 leagues "sydenhande" of Boulloyn and 4 of Monstroeil, lie above 400 dead horses, and men "by tens and twelves in companies." The Italians that came to offer service, and other espials, report the like, as do "Mons. de Barbonzon, Mons. de Buren's cousin's letters to my lord of Surrey; who seemeth to have been at the French camp sithens his departing hence and saith the Frenchmen confess to have lost at this voyage above four hundred gentlemen, and that, both at the skirmishes before Boulloyn and Guisnez, there were divers personages slain of greater reputation than either De Foucquesolles or Sanpirro de Corso, who were also slain there."
	Pp. 4. Add. Endd.
R.O.	2. Copy of the above in the same hand.
	Pp. 4.
R.O.	3. Another copy of the above in the same hand.
	Pp. 3. Headed: Copie of our lettre of the xiijth.
	435. The War.
R.O.	"First to have a warrant unto the treasurer here for money disbursed for the prisoners that were taken in Arderne church; which I (fn. n12) promised to see their ransoms paid, amounting to 15l. 10s." Item, a warrant for wages of 18 Italians who have served nigh 18 days already. Item, allowance for ten of Mr. Knevett's men for 19 days and four (or fourteen?) (fn. n13) of Mr. Controller's for 14 days, "which are part of an 100 that I should have,—my other 100 is already furnished."
	In Wallop's clerk's hand, p. 1. Headed: A remembrance unto Mr. Secretary.
14 Oct.	436. Henry VIII. to Norfolk and Others.
R.O. St. P. X. 117	By their letters of the 11th inst. and their other letters to the Council understands their humble submission and suit to have their late proceedings forgotten. Considering their penitence, and that God has so wrought that the possible inconvenience is eschewed and the victuals and ordnance at Bulloyn safe, he accepts their submission, trusting that they will not suffer his enemies to remain in such places as by Mons. de Lignes' (Lisques in § 3) advertisement appears. For this purpose Norfolk, Suffolk and the Privy Seal, or such others as they can trust, upon sure knowledge of the enemies' retirement, shall secretly "give th'assay" to those places which they formerly reported to be not tenable for his men (and which will therefore be of small force for the enemies) and utterly destroy them. This will be for the quietness of his subjects there this winter and continuance of his possession in Bullonoyes, and therefore they should go "merrily and courageously" to it. This done, "you our lieutenants" sending 2,000 men to Bulloyn, by water or land, with 3 or 4 days' victual for them, and leaving sufficient for defence of his pieces and pales there, shall come home with the rest of the army. If expedient, for surety of of passage, they may stay until his other ships, which are a waiting the wind, join with his navy, and then come in one conserve.
	The Italians and Spaniards who have rendered themselves to serve in his wars are to be entertained and encouraged, whereby may be known part of the enemies' proceedings and what captains or noble men of theirs are slain. Westm., 14 Oct. 36 Hen. VIII. Signed at the head.
	Pp. 2. Add.: To, etc., "the dukes of Norff. and Suff. and others of our Privie Counsaill at Callys." Endd.
R.O.	2. Draft of the above, much corrected by Petre.
	Pp. 6. Endd.: xiiij^o Octobris 1544.
R.O.	3. Another copy of §1, also signed, addressed at the beginning so as to include the bp. of Winchester.
	Pp. 3. Add. Endd.
14 Oct.	437.The Privy Council to Norfolk and Others.
R.O.	The Frenchmen, having, in such numbers, invaded the King's Pale and overthrown certain churches and places of strength, and for a further annoyance set a great navy upon the seas, are, ipso facto, common enemies to the Emperor. You are to declare this to the Emperor's ambassadors and require them to advertise their master that the King trusts that he will declare himself according to the treaty, and give the aid by sea and otherwise which the treaty requires, or that he will at least signify to the French king that he must do so unless the said armies are immediately revoked. As neither money nor victuals can be sent until the King's navy is reinforced you shall speak with the Emperor's ambassadors for victuals out of Flanders and to the soldiers to forbear their wages. Westm., 14 Oct. 1544. Signed by Wriothesley, Essex, Westminster, Browne and Petre.
	P. 1. Add.: To our very good lords and others of the King's Ma^tes Privie Counsell at Callys. Endd.
R.O.	2. Draft of the above in Petre's hand.
	Pp. 2. Endd.: M. to the dukes of Norff. and Suff., etc. the——(blank) of October 1544.
14 Oct.	438. Lord Chancellor Wriothesley to Lord Cobham.
Harl. MS. 283, f, 198. B.M.	Bearer, Noel Piourdy, my servant, upon the death of his father-in-here, repairs into Flanders to his mother to take order with his things there. This is to desire you to suffer him to pass. Ely Place in Holborn, 14 Oct. Signed.
	P. 1. Add.: deputy of Callaice.
14 Oct.	439. Shrewsbury and Others to the Council.
Add. MS. 32,655, f. 234. B. M. Hamilton Papers, ii., No. 338.	Received their letter of 6 Oct. from Otford, with the King's pleasure touching Thomas Gower's credence. The men of Coldingham, who make those offers, are mean persons and few; so that, albeit the offers were Papers, unfeigned (which we doubt), they could do small service. The place is not meet for a garrison to lie in surety, and the King may take it when he will; but if it were fortified a garrison there could much annoy the enemies. As to arrears due at Barwycke, we sent for Sir Wm. Malory, treasurer there, to come hither, but, by the way, he had a fall of his horse and is sore hurt. He has sent the declaration herewith, showing that for the half-year ended 14 Feb. last is due 400l. 1s. 2d.; and the next half-year ended on 4 Aug. but is not payable until St. Andrew's Day. The garrisons on the Borders are paid to the 21st inst. Towards next pay Sadler has 1,600l. and Uvedale 200l., so that, as a monthly pay is above 2,600l., there is 800l. lacking, and next pay must be only for the 14 days which shall end 3 Nov. next. Enclose a letter from Sir Ralph Evers. Darneton, 14 Oct. 1544. Signed by Shrewsbury, Tunstall and Sadler.
	Pp. 2. Add. Endd.
Ib.	2. Statement of arrears due to the captain and garrison of Berwick, showing the number and half-year's wage of every kind. The only officers named are "Sir William Evers, knight, captain of Barwyk," Sir John Witherington, marshal, and Sir Wm. Malorye, treasurer. Total l,120l. 11s. Received 16 Aug. 36 Henry VIII., of Thos. Gower, receiver of Barwyke, 720l. 9s. 10d., whereof is paid 710l. 9s. and 10l. remains "in my hands." And so there is unpaid for the half-year ended 14 Feb. last, 35 Hen. VIII., 400l. 14d., which should have been paid at the feast of St. John Baptist, "after the custom of the town."
	Pp. 3. Endd.: A declaration of the arrearages due to th'officers and others of Berwick, xiiij Octobris 1544.
14 Oct.	440. Cardinal du Bellay and President Raimond to Arras.
R.O. [Spanish Calendar, vii. 235.]	In pursuance of your information to him, the King has sent us hither to communicate with you thereupon and to meet the deputies of the King of England. The King always understood that these deputies and we should be in some neutral place, as the King of England ought to be satisfied with our having already gone once to him, and now there is no question of going to himself but only to his servants; and, as our principal address is to you, as (for the Emperor) the means of this communication, please consult the said deputies as to a suitable place for you and them. Gravelines is near them, a place which they cannot consider suspect; St. Homer is neutral, and they know better than we what other places there are. And although the King's intention was as above, still, after communication this morning with Mons. le Daulphin and Mons. l'Admiral, we will come to Calais if you see it needful; in which case it would seem reasonable that it should be at your request, in order that he with whom we are in open enmity should take the less advantage thereby, in which we are sure that you would take little pleasure, for the amity which is between our masters, so long desired by all good servants and, amongst others, by us. Arriving at Ardres, 14 Oct.
	Fr. Modern transcript of a copy at Vienna, pp.2. Headed: Copie des lettres des Cardinal du Beley et President Remon a l'evesque d'Arras.
15 Oct.	441. Arras to Cardinal du Bellay and President Raimond.
R.O. [Spanish Calendar, vii. 236.]	Received their letters late last night and has this morning communicated them to De Courrieres and Chapuys, who are, with him, commanded by the Emperor to do their utmost here for the negociation of peace. It is thought that they ought not to make difficulty about coming hither, as they come, not at the request or for the necessity of either party, but at the Emperor's solicitation, which is notorious through the instance made to the French king by the writer, and also to Tournon in Flanders. Have not mentioned it to the English commissioners, because it might give irritation and because they would probably defer the answer until they had consulted their master, which, by the uncertainty of navigation and of the winds, would involve delay; and already the Cardinal and President have been long waited for, and in things of this kind it is requisite to strike while the iron is hot. Prays them to come hither. Calais, 15 Oct. 1544.
	Fr. Modern transcript of a copy at Vienna, pp. 2. Headed: Copie de la response de l'evesque d'Arras a la lettre des Cardinal du Belay et President Remon.