Haddenham

46. HADDENHAM.

(O.S. 6 in. ^(a)xxxii. N.E. ^(b)xxxii. S.E.)

Ecclesiastical

^b(1). Parish Church of St. Mary, at the S. end of the village, is built of rubble, with limestone dressings. The roof of the chancel is tiled, the other roofs are covered with slate. The Chancel, Nave and West Tower are of c. 1215, and the chancel had probably two small contemporary transepts, which have been re-built. The North and South Aisles were added c. 1260, and were widened in the 14th century. The 13th-century foundations appear to have been weak, as some of the walls and arches are not straight, and, in the 14th century, possibly on account of the weakness, a roof of lower pitch than the former roof was added to the nave, and the two westernmost bays of the arcades were re-built. The North Porch was built in the 14th and altered in the 15th century; late in the 15th century the North Chapel or transept was enlarged, an archway was cut through the E. wall of the N. aisle, and windows were inserted in the aisles. The present Vestry, on the site of the former S. transept, is modern, but was first re-built in 1709, as recorded under the S. arch of the chancel. The plaster ceiling of the nave, hiding the 14th-century roof, was inserted early in the 19th century. The whole building was restored in 1860, and some of the stonework renewed at a later date.

The church is of great interest, as it retains much detail of an early date; the 13th-century west tower and the 14th-century roof of the nave are especially worthy of note.

Architectural Description—The Chancel (35 ft. by 17 ft.) has a modern E. window. In the N. wall are two lancets of early 13th-century date; in the W. half of the wall, opening into the N. chapel, is a two-centred arch, of c. 1250, and of two chamfered orders, the outer order continuous with the jambs, which have half-round shafts with moulded bases and capitals, apparently re-cut at a later date. In the S. wall are two 13th-century lancets, and, opening into the vestry, an arch similar to that in the N. wall, but the capitals have been re-cut, and the bases are probably of 1709, the date inscribed on an oak sill under the arch; the labels of the N. and S. arches are moulded, with return stops above the string-course, which is carried along each wall, the height indicating that the string is of earlier date than the arches. The chancel arch is of early 13th-century date, and of two chamfered orders, varying in thickness, with the soffit forming an irregular line; the jambs have chamfered edges and large semi-circular shafts with plain moulded bases and fluted capitals; the N. capital was probably finished at a later date than the other, being apparently a crude copy. The North Chapel (17½ ft. by 14 ft.) has a late 15th-century E. window of three cinque-foiled ogee lights and tracery in a flat four-centred head, with an external label which has headstops. In the N. wall is a window of five lights, of the same date and design as the E. window; W. of the window is a contemporary doorway, with moulded jambs and four-centred arch of two orders, under a square head; the spandrels have carved roses, and the plain label has headstops, defaced. In the W. wall, opening into the N. aisle, is a late 15th-century arch, with chamfered jambs and flat four-centred head, of two orders, set unusually high up; at the springing of the inner order are head-corbels. The South Vestry (14½ ft. by 8 ft.) is modern. The Nave (58 ft. by 20 ft.) has N. and S. arcades of four bays, of c. 1260; the circular columns have moulded bases, some apparently restored, and moulded bell-capitals; the westernmost column in each arcade is of slightly later date than the others; the responds have three attached shafts with moulded bell-capitals and bases; the bases of the N. arcade decrease in height towards the W. end, and that of the W. respond is buried under the floor; the arches are two-centred, of two chamfered orders, with a filleted label; the arches in both arcades are set on the N. side of the columns, and in the S. arcade the ends of the labels project beyond the abaci; most of the arches are out of the perpendicular, and the S.W. respond bulges outwards; all probably due to an early settlement of the foundations. The North Aisle (10½ ft. wide) has, in the N. wall, three windows; the two eastern, of c. 1350, are each of three trefoiled lights and tracery in a two-centred head, with an external label; the inner jambs and rear arch with label are moulded; the tracery of the second window has been restored; the third window is of the 15th century, and of three cinque-foiled four-centred lights and tracery under a square head with a moulded external label; a plain moulded string-course is carried along the wall, outside, under the windows; the N. doorway is of c. 1350, and has moulded jambs and two-centred arch, with a pointed segmental rear arch. In the N.E. corner are the 15th-century stairs to the former rood-loft, with a four-centred rebated doorway at the foot, in the N. wall, and a similar doorway at the head, in the E. wall. High up in the W. wall is a small modern trefoil light. The South Aisle (10½ ft. wide) has, in the S. wall, three windows; the easternmost was inserted late in the 15th century, and is of five lights, like the N. window of the N. chapel, but the moulded jambs are probably those of a 14th-century window, re-used, and the detail is copied in the arch; the tracery is modern: the second window resembles the N.E. window of the N aisle; it appears to be entirely original, but possibly has been well restored: the westernmost window is of the 15th century, and of the same design as the N.W. window of the N. aisle: the S. doorway is of the 14th century, and has moulded jambs and two-centred arch with a moulded external label. The small window in the W. wall is modern. The West Tower (12½ ft. square) is of three stages, with square, shallow angle-buttresses, a plain original parapet, and a corbel table with masks and faces; in the middle of the parapet, on the E. side, is the socket and broken stump of a cross, or possibly pedestal of a figure. The 13th-century tower arch is two-centred and of three chamfered orders; each jamb is rebated on the E. side and has a central attached shaft with chamfered base, probably restored, and an original bell-capital. In the S.W. corner, opening into the stair-turret, is a 13th-century doorway with a shouldered arch. The W. doorway has a two-centred arch, of three chamfered orders, with a plain round label; the window above it has three 13th-century lancet lights, under a stilted two-centred drop arch, moulded externally; the jambs are shafted both inside and outside, and have moulded bases and capitals; the chamfered rear arch has a moulded label. In the second stage the N. and S. walls have 13th-century lancets; in the E. wall is a doorway, probably of the 14th century, opening into the roof of the nave, and the weathercourses of the high-pitched 13th-century roof are visible. At the level of the ringing-chamber the turret is closed by a wall of later date, and was probably originally carried a stage higher. The third stage has, on each wall, outside, an early 13th-century arcade of five bays, with elaborately moulded pointed arches, and small shafts with moulded bases and capitals; the second and fourth bays form lancet windows. The North Porch has a low-pitched gable and an embattled parapet. The four-centred outer archway is of two chamfered orders, and was inserted in the 15th century; the wooden door-frame is of 1637 (see Fittings). The side walls have each a 14th-century window of two trefoiled pointed lights, with a quatrefoil spandrel in a two-centred head with a moulded external label. The Roof of the nave has a 19th-century ceiling; above it is the 14th-century roof of five bays, with six trusses which have chamfered tie-beams and braced principal rafters, the timbers being cut to form ogee quatrefoil-shaped spaces; the wall-plates are chamfered, and the purlins have arched braces; the rafters are original, set flat; between the original trusses are modern trusses of fir. The N. chapel has a flat low-pitched 15th-century roof, of two bays, with three moulded tie-beams, and moulded wall-plates, cornice and ridge; the moulded curved struts of the trusses are carried on stone corbels, three carved as human heads, and one as the grotesque face of a lion. The aisles have plastered lean-to roofs.

Fittings—Brasses: in N. chapel—on E. respond of N. arch, (1) half-figure of priest in Mass vestments, 15th-century; (2) to Gylles Wodbryge, 1532, and Elizabeth, his wife, inscription only; (3) of Thomas Nassh, vicar of the parish, 1428, figure of priest in surplice, amess and cope, inscription in black-letter. Doors: in outer doorway, N. porch, moulded frame, panelling with mitred joints, painted, inscribed G. W. 1637. I. G.: door of stair-turret, in ringing-chamber, plain, oak. Font: circular tapering bowl, with pointed fluting, band at the top carved with two dragons, apparently fighting, their tails merging into foliage, probably late 12th-century, hexagonal stem of later date. Glass: in E. window of N. chapel, fragments in central light and in heads of two side-lights, architectural canopies, part of scroll with inscription, etc.; in tracery, two figures of St. Bartholomew and one of St. Paul, etc., 15th-century. Lockers (see Niches). Monuments: In N. chapel—on E. wall, (1) to Richard Beake, 1627, small tablet of black and white marble, with Corinthian order, inscription and three shields bearing arms. In chancel—on S. wall, (2) to John Marriott, 1677, Anna, his wife, daughter of Richard Clark, 1677, and their son Edmund, 1679, tablet of slate with elaborately carved marble frame, inscription and arms. Niches: possibly lockers, set low in E. wall of chancel, one on each side of recess (see below), with plain pointed heads, date uncertain, possibly 13th-century: over entrance to N. porch, trefoiled, two-centred, with a label, probably 14th-century, containing a modern image. Paintings: above string-course, on N. and S. walls of chancel, masonry pattern in red, 13th-century: between quoins of N. windows of chancel, small markings, possibly copy of shellmarks on stone, 13th-century. Piscinæ: in the chancel, with trefoiled two-centred head, chamfered jambs with broach stops, round basin, probably 13th-century: in N. chapel, with trefoiled moulded head, round label with dog-tooth ornament, engaged shafts with moulded capitals and bases, set in a square panel enriched with diaper ornament, and with a plain label, no basin, mid 13th-century, base of E. shaft and part of square label missing, all covered with whitewash: in S. aisle, with trefoiled two-centred head, quatrefoil basin, shelf at back, probably 14th-century, head partly restored. Recess: in chancel, behind the communion table, large, four-centred arch, now plastered, use not apparent, date uncertain. Screens: between N. aisle and N. chapel, of six bays, with moulded middle rail, muntins and cornice, close panels below rail with traceried heads, open bays above rail with elaborate traceried heads, 15th-century, two of the lower panels and one upper bay, modern: in arch between chancel and vestry, of five bays and doorway, above middle rail open bays with traceried heads, the spandrels carved with leaves or roses; doorway four-centred, spandrel on E. side carved with dragon, on W. side with face and foliage, close lower panels, early 16th-century, altered in 18th century: in tower arch, possibly the rood-screen, cut down, of six bays and central doorway with four-centred head, above middle rail open bays with traceried heads, the cusping carved with faces, berries, flowers, etc., the spandrels with Tudor roses and a dragon, early 16th-century, plain panels below rail and double doors, probably 18th-century. Seats: eighteen, in four blocks in the nave, eleven, in two blocks in each aisle, twenty original poppyhead standards, some with traceried panels, two plain, and two with rebus, W. and V. (?), and a tun, others with carved faces, the remaining standards double panelled and traceried, all seats with carved top rails, front and back of each block, except the E. block in each aisle, panelled and traceried, early 16th-century, some standards partly restored. Tiles: in tower, mediæval, much worn. Miscellanea: in N. chapel, on bracket, close helmet, traces of gilt ornament on bevor, 16th-century, somewhat rusted.

Condition—Good generally; the early settlement of the foundations does not appear to have affected the present stability of the walls.

^b(2). Font, now used as a flower stand, in the Vicarage garden, is probably of the 13th century. It is of crude design, with circular cupshaped bowl, on a moulded stem and plain base.

Condition—Bad, much weatherworn.

Secular

The village is of peculiar plan and nearly a mile in length, with narrow crooked streets. Two great fires, in 1701 and 1760, destroyed a large number of buildings, especially at Church End, but many of the remaining houses and cottages are of a date prior to 1700. Among the most interesting are the following:—

^b(3). The Church Farm House, E. of the church, is a long building of two storeys, facing N., partly timber-framed, partly of brick and stone rubble; the roofs are tiled. The W. half was built probably in the 15th century; a small staircase wing was added at the back, probably late in the 16th or early in the 17th century; in the 18th century the E. half was built, and an addition made at the S.W. corner of the original block, flush with the staircase wing; in the 19th century one-storeyed additions were built at the back and E. end. The plan of the old part of the house was apparently rectangular; at each end of the front the upper storey projected, but has been under-built at the E. end; the walls are timber-framed and covered with plaster; in the middle the eaves of the roof are brought out in a line with the projections and supported by curved struts from the sides of the projections. The W. end is of stone rubble with brick dressings; at the back the original block is covered with plaster, the other walls are almost entirely of modern brick. The central chimney stack is of late 16th or early 17th-century brick. The E. half of the house is of brick, with stone rubble in the N. front. Interior:—One room on the ground floor is lined with panelling of late 16th or early 17th-century date; another room has an old chamfered beam in the ceiling, and on the first floor the roof timbers are visible, including an original arched truss, which belonged probably to an upper hall. The staircase has a central newel of oak, probably of late 16th or early 17th-century date, with a roughly moulded head.

An outbuilding S.W. of the house, on the E. side of the churchyard, is probably of late 16th-century date. It is built partly of wichert, partly of stone rubble, restored with modern brick, and contains many old timbers; on the E. wall are two stone corbels carved as heads, one crowned. A barn S.E. of the house also has old roof-timbers, some apparently re-used.

Condition—Good.

^b(4). Grenville Manor, 110 yards N.E. of the church, on the N. side of the road to Aston Sandford, is a two-storeyed building, probably of the 16th century, with a modern kitchen and staircase wing at the back. The S. front has been re-faced with modern stone rubble and has a modern porch; the gabled W. end and part of the wall at the back retain the original timber-framing with plaster filling; the roofs are tiled. The present building may be only a fragment of the original house, which is said to have been built in 1569, and the date appears in modern figures on the porch. Set in the door and two of the windows are three pieces of oak tracery, probably part of the former rood-screen in the church. The central chimney is of old thin bricks, with oversailing courses at the top. On the ground floor the two original rooms have stop-chamfered beams in the ceilings, and in the western room the large, open fireplace, partly blocked, has a cambered oak lintel. On the first floor the western room has a stone fireplace with moulded jambs and three-centred arch in a square head. The staircase is made up of woodwork of various dates, including a late 16th-century oak newel and a flat shaped baluster.

The wall between the garden and the road is built of wichert and early 17th-century brick.

Condition—Good.

Church End

^b(5). Cottage, N.E. of the church, is of two storeys; the walls are of stone rubble, with a moulded brick plinth on the W. front and at the back, and some old timber-framing in the gable at the N. end. The roof is tiled. The plan consists of a square block, built probably late in the 16th century and extending originally further towards the N., with a modern addition at the S. end, making the plan T-shaped. On the W. front is said to be inscribed a 16th-century date, hidden by the ivy. The chimney stack is of late 16th-century brick. Inside the main block is a large open fireplace and a chamfered ceiling-beam with moulded stops; the staircase is of old oak.

Condition—Fairly good.

^b(6). Cottage, N. of the church, is of two storeys, facing W. The S. half was built early in the 17th century and is covered with plaster in front; at the S.W. angle are 18th-century brick quoins which indicate possibly a former extension towards the S.; at the S. end is a large chimney stack built of thin bricks. The N. half was added probably late in the 17th century, and a chimney at the N. end is apparently of that date; the walls are of 18th-century brick. The roof is tiled. The building was attacked by the fire of 1760, and part of it may have been destroyed. Inside the older part of the house is a chamfered ceiling-beam and a wide fireplace, partly blocked. Some of the timbers in the roof are charred by fire.

Condition—Fairly good.

^b(7). House, on the W. side of Church Square, at the S. corner of Flint Street, is of two storeys; the walls are of wichert covered with rough-cast; the roof is thatched. It was built probably early in the 17th century, on a rectangular plan, facing E., with a central chimney which has a modern addition on the E. side. At the back of the house are two original oak mullioned window frames.

Condition—Good.

^b(8). Cottages, three, now one dwelling, on the S. side of Flint Street, are of two storeys, built probably of wichert in the 17th century; the walls are now covered with plaster and modern alterations have been made. The roofs are thatched. In the plaster over the entrance doorway is a sunk pattern in the form of an ogee arch with a fleur-de-lis finial. At the back a 17th-century turned oak post supports the corner of a modern verandah. One room has a wide fireplace, partly filled in, two ceilings have stop-chamfered beams and on the first floor are two cupboard doors of original moulded battens.

Condition—Good.

Back Way or Dark Lane, W. side

^b(9). Cottage, of two storeys, timber-framed, with plastered filling, built in the 17th century, but restored. The roof is thatched. In the base of the central chimney is some original brickwork.

Condition—Fairly good.

E. side

^b(10). Cottage, of two storeys, built late in the 17th century. The walls are partly of wichert, partly of red and blue bricks, restored with modern brick and stone. The roof is tiled. Two brick chimneys are original. Inside the cottage some of the ceilings have old beams, and there are two wide fireplaces, partly blocked. An Outbuilding at the back, formerly another cottage, is of two storeys, built of wichert, with a late 17th-century chimney; the roof is tiled.

Condition—Of cottage, fairly good; of outbuilding, poor.

^b(11–14). Cottages, four, of two storeys, built of wichert in the 17th century, and forming an L-shaped block; the gables have original timber-framing. The roofs are thatched. One chimney has some 17th-century brick. In one room is a wide fireplace, partly blocked, and in the ceiling is a stop-chamfered beam.

Condition—Fairly good.

^b(15–17). Cottages, three, all of the 17th century, form a rectangular building of two storeys. The walls are of wichert; the roof is thatched. A chimney stack with square shafts is original. One room has a wide fireplace, partly blocked, and two ceilings have stop-chamfered beams.

Condition—Fairly good.

^b(18). House, on the N. side of Station Road, is of two storeys, built of wichert in the first half of the 17th century; the front is covered with rough-cast, and the other walls with plaster. The roof is thatched. At the back are two small windows with old iron casements and leaded lights. The central chimney is original, but restored at the top. The two rooms on the ground floor have old ceiling-beams, and most of the doors are of original moulded battens with strap-hinges. A cupboard has an early 17th-century door in a frame made up of panel framing of the same date. The small staircase, of oak, is original.

Condition—Good.

Street from Church Square to Skittle Green, W. side

^b(19–20). Cottages, two, each of two storeys, the upper storey in the roof, built partly of stone and partly of wichert, probably in the middle of the 17th century; the northern cottage has some timber-framing. The roofs are thatched. The chimneys are of old thin bricks. In each cottage is a large open fireplace, and some original ceiling-beams. The southern cottage has a roof of rough timbers, unhewn tree trunks being used for the purlins. In the northern cottage is an original door of oak battens.

Condition—Not very good.

Skittle Green, S. side:

^b(21). Cottage, of two storeys; the walls, probably of wichert, are covered with plaster; the roof is tiled. It was built in the second half of the 17th century, and is of rectangular plan, with an original chimney at the N. end. In the ceilings are original beams, and one room has a large, open fireplace.

Condition—Rather poor.

E. side

^b(22). Cottage, of two storeys, covered almost entirely with cement, was built in the middle of the 17th century, but re-fronted and the wall heightened in the 19th or 20th century. The gable at the E. end has original timber-framing and at the W. end is a chimney of old thin bricks. The roof is tiled. The plan is rectangular, facing S. One room has a large, open fireplace, partly blocked.

Condition—Good.

^b(23). House, now three cottages, is of two storeys and an attic; the walls are of stone, covered with rough-cast, and have brick dressings; the roof is tiled. It was built late in the 17th century, and is of rectangular plan, facing W. The ends are gabled. Some of the wood mullioned windows are original. The lower part of the central chimney is of original red and black bricks; the upper part is modern.

Condition—Rather poor.

High Street, W. side

^b(24). Cottage, of two storeys, the upper storey partly in the roof, is of early 17th-century date. The walls are of wichert, covered with rough-cast; the roof is thatched. The central chimney is of original thin bricks. The open fireplaces have been partly blocked.

Condition—Fairly good.

^b(25). Cottage, of two storeys, built in the 17th century, probably a little later than (24) above. The walls are of wichert, covered with plaster, some of it pargetted. At the S. end the roof is tiled, the rest is thatched. One chimney is original, and under it is a large fireplace, partly blocked. The ceilings have rough beams.

Condition—Good.

^b (26). Cottage, of two storeys, the upper storey partly in the roof, is probably of late 17th-century date. The front is of brick and timber, the other walls are of wichert on stone foundations. The roof is thatched. The plan is rectangular, with an original central chimney. Some of the windows are old.

Condition—Poor.

^b(27). Dove House, is a two-storeyed building of early 17th-century date, restored and enlarged in the 19th century. Part of the lower storey is of modern brick, and the gabled S. end is covered with rough-cast; the rest of the walling is timber-framed, with filling of brick, some set in herringbone pattern, and a little plaster. The roofs are tiled. The plan was originally T-shaped with the cross wing facing N., a short modern wing has been added in the middle of the N. face, and a modern addition built in the S.W. angle. One window has original moulded wood mullions and frame. The central chimney stack has two square shafts of 17th-century brick, set diagonally on a rectangular base. At the E. end is a large projecting chimney stack of stone, with two square shafts, of brick, set diagonally. Some of the ceilings have old beams, and in one room is a wide fireplace, partly blocked. The small original winding stairs are now disused.

In the garden is an octagonal stone bowl, apparently part of a font, now used as a flower vase; at the back of the house is a circular dovecot, built of stone; the roof is tiled.

Condition—Good.

E. side

^b(28). Cottage, of two storeys, built probably in the 17th century; the walls are of wichert; the roof is partly thatched and partly tiled. The plan is T-shaped; some of the windows are old.

Condition—Fairly good.

^b(29). Cottage, of two storeys, facing N., built probably early in the 17th century. At the W. end, facing the street, the lower storey is of stone, the gabled upper storey is timber-framed and covered with plaster; the S. side is similar to the W. end, and the N. front is entirely timber-framed; at the E. end is an original chimney stack of brick, and a modern wing, which forms a second cottage, and makes the plan L-shaped. In one room is a ceiling-beam with moulded stops, and an open fireplace retains the oven and corner-seat.

Condition—Rather poor.

^b(30). Cottage, of two storeys and an attic, was built early in the 17th century on a rectangular plan, facing N. and S., but a modern wing has been added on the W., or street front, making the plan L-shaped. The W. front is of modern brick and plaster, the other walls are partly of stone, partly of wichert and plaster. The roofs are tiled. The old part of the building has an original central chimney of brick.

Condition—Good.

^b (31). Cottage, formerly an inn, is of two storeys, built in the first half of the 17th century. The walls, probably of wichert, are covered with plaster; the roof is thatched. The plan is rectangular. The central chimney stack is of original brick, and at the S. end is a stack of late 17th-century brick. Some of the rooms have chamfered ceiling-beams with moulded stops and wide open fireplaces, partly blocked.

Condition—Good.

^b(32). House, now the Waggon and Horses Inn, a shop and a stable, is of two storeys, built early in the 17th century. The plan is L-shaped with the longer wing extending towards the N. and the shorter wing towards the E. In front the longer wing is of wichert, covered with rough-cast; at the S. end it was originally timber-framed, but has been re-faced with stone and has brick quoins; only one horizontal timber remains; the lower storey of the shorter wing is of stone and brick; on the S. side the upper storey is timber-framed, with wattle and daub filling; at the back it is weather-boarded and has a timber-framed and plastered gable. The roofs are partly tiled, and partly thatched. The central chimney stack is of early 17th-century brick. In the tap-room of the inn is a very wide open fireplace with an oak lintel. The ceiling-joists have moulded stops.

Condition—Good.

^b(33). Cottage, of two storeys, built probably early in the 17th century. The walls are of wichert, covered with plaster, except the S. end of the W. front, which is of stone and brick. The roof is thatched. The plan is rectangular, with an original central chimney, built of brick.

Condition—Fairly good.

^b(34). House, now three cottages, is of two storeys. The plan is rectangular, facing S., with a modern addition at the N.E. corner. The eastern part of the house was built of wichert in the first half of the 17th century; the western part was added later in the same century, and in front is of brick with a little timber; at the W. end the lower storey is of wichert on a stone plinth, and the gabled, overhanging upper storey is of timber and brick; at the back the lower storey has been re-faced with modern stone and brick, the upper storey is of timber and plaster. The roofs are partly tiled, partly thatched. A large chimney stack with square shafts, of brick, is original, and another chimney is of late 17th-century brick. Inside the house are original ceiling-beams and an open fireplace.

Condition—Fairly good.

The Stockwell

^b(35). Cottage, now two tenements, on the E. side, is a rectangular, two-storeyed building of the 17th century. The walls are of wichert, covered with rough-cast; the roofs are thatched. The three brick chimneys are original.

Condition—Good.

^b(36). Cottage, on the W. side, is of two storeys, built late in the 17th century, of wichert, now covered with rough-cast. The roof is thatched. One chimney, of brick is partly original. Some of the ceilings have old beams and in one room is a wide, open fireplace.

Condition—Fairly good.

^b(37). Cottage, on the N. side of The Banks, is a 17th-century building of two storeys, and of central chimney type. The walls are of wichert, partly covered with rough-cast; the roof is thatched. The chimney is of 17th-century brick. The ceilings have old beams and one room has a wide fireplace, partly blocked.

Condition—Good.

Street N. of Fort End Square, E. side

^b (38). Farmhouse, of two storeys, built probably early in the 17th century, now restored. The plan consists of a rectangular block with a wing projecting from the S. side. The walls are covered almost entirely with rough-cast, but the heads of the E. and W. gables are of late 17th-century brick; the roofs are tiled. The large projecting chimney stack at the S. end of the wing is of plastered stone at the bottom, the upper part is of early 17th-century brick, and the top is modern. The central chimney of the main block is of original brick. All the rooms on the ground floor have chamfered ceiling-beams with moulded stops.

Condition—Good.

^b(39). Cottage, of two storeys, the upper storey partly in the roof, built of wichert in the 17th century; the roof is thatched. One chimney is original. Inside the cottage is a wide, open fireplace with the original cornerseat and oven.

Condition—Fairly good.

^b(40). Cottage, of two storeys, the upper storey partly in the roof, built of wichert and stone in the 17th century; the roof is thatched. The chimney stack, of original brick, has been restored.

Condition—Poor.

^b(41). House, on the W. side of Fort End Square, is a 17th-century rectangular building of two storeys, and of central chimney type, with a modern wing at the back. The walls are of wichert, covered with modern rough-cast; the roofs are tiled. The central chimney stack has two square shafts of 17th-century brick, restored at the top. Some of the ceilings have old beams; one room has a wide, open fireplace, with the chimney corner-seats now enclosed in cupboards, and there is an original door of moulded battens.

Condition—Good.

Dollicott Road, E. side

^b(42–43). Cottages, two, now four tenements, are each of two storeys, built of wichert in the 17th century; the roofs are thatched. The chimney stacks are of old thin bricks; the stack of the southern cottage has been restored; in the cottage is a wide, open fireplace, partly blocked, and there are exposed joists in some of the ceilings. In the northern cottage is a chamfered ceiling-beam.

Condition—Fairly good.

W. side

^b (44). Cottage, of two storeys, built probably early in the 17th century. The walls are covered with plaster; the roof is thatched. The central chimney is of old thin bricks. One room has a large, open fireplace, partly blocked, and there are stop-chamfered beams in the ceilings.

Condition—Good.

^b(45). House, a two-storeyed, rectangular building of central chimney type, and probably of late 17th-century date, with modern additions. The walls are of wichert, and the chimney is of thin bricks; the roof is tiled. One room has a wide, open fireplace, and, in the ceiling, a stop-chamfered beam.

Condition—Good.

^b(46–47). Cottages, two, on the N. and S. sides of Rudd's Lane, are each of two storeys, built in the 17th century. The walls are covered with plaster, but the cottage on the N. side has, at one end, a half-hipped gable of timber and brick; the other cottage has a similar gable of red and black bricks. The roofs are tiled. Both cottages have central chimneys built of old thin bricks. Inside the N. cottage is a wide, open fireplace, partly blocked, and an old battened door; one room has an open timber ceiling, and another ceiling has a stop-chamfered beam; the timbers of the roof are visible. The other cottage has chamfered ceiling-beams with moulded stops.

Condition—Of cottage on N. side, damp, but otherwise good; of cottage on S. side, good.

^a(48). Cottage, on the N. side of Rosemary Lane, is of two storeys, built of wichert in the 17th century, with a modern addition at the W. end; the roof is thatched. The chimney is of old thin bricks and under it is a large, open fireplace, partly blocked.

Condition—Fairly good.

^b(49–50). Cottages, two, at Grove End, 1½ miles W. by S. of the church, are each of two storeys, built in the 17th century. The walls are of wichert, with gables of wattle and daub; the roofs are thatched. The central chimneys are of brick.

Condition—Of one cottage, good, much repaired; of the other cottage, used only for storing hay, ruinous.

Unclassified

^a(51). Tumulus, at Roundhill Farm, 1¼ miles N. of the church, about 60 ft. in diameter.

Condition—Much denuded.