All Hallows, Bread Street - Almshouses, Judd's Charity

All Hallows, Bread Street

On the east side of Bread Street at the corner of Watling Street (O.S. 1875). In Bread Street Ward. The parish extends into Cordwainer Ward.

Earliest mention found in records : " All Hallows Bredstrete," I227 (Cal. Ch. Rolls, H. III.I.50).

Other forms : "All Hallows de Bredestrete," 1275 (Ct. H.W. I. 24). "Bredstrate church," 19 Ed. I. (Anc. Deeds, A. 1970). " All Hallows in Watling Street," 1464. (Rolls of Parlt. V. 544a). " Allhallowes in Watling Street," (Leake, 1666).

In 1349 a plot of land for the enlargement of the church was assigned to Nicholas de Rothewell, parson of the church; the plot was 12 ft. long and 27 ft. broad (Cal. P.R. Ed. 111.1348-50, p.295), and in 1350 another plot 40 ft. in length by 20 ft. in breadth adjoining the church, for a chapel to be built on it (ib. 479).

At one time the church had a stone steeple, struck by lightning 1559 and taken down to save the cost of repair (S. 348-9).

Repaired and beautified 1625. Burnt in the Fire 1666, but rebuilt 1680-4 by Sir C. Wren at a cost of over £3000, and the parish of St. John the Evangelist united to it (Strype, ed. 1720, I. iii. 199).

Taken down 1876-7 by the Ecclesiastical Commissioners and parish united to St. Mary le Bow. Warehouses erected on the site. John Milton was baptised in the church 1608, and a tablet has been fastened to the corner house erected on the site recording the fact.

A Rectory, and one of the thirteen peculiars belonging to the Archbishop of Canterbury. Patrons : Prior and Chapter of Christ Church, Canterbury, and granted to the Archbishop in 1365 (Newcourt, I.244).

All Hallows, Cornhill

A grant of land by Stephen the prior and the convent of Holy Trinity to John the goldsmith held of them by Walter the Goldsmith is endorsed "Omnium Sanctorum de Cornilla" (Anc. Deeds, A. 7288, and See Anc. Deeds, A. 2122).

Qy. =All Hallows, Lombard Street (q.v.).

All Hallows, Fenchurch

First mention 1283-4 (Cal. L. Bk. A. p.80).

Forms of name: " All Hallows de Phanchurch," 1283-4 (ib.). "All Hallows de Fancherche," 1285 (Ct. H.W. I. 75). " All Hallows near Fancherch," 1289-90 (ib. 88). " Omnium Sanctorum de Fenchirche," 31 Ed. I. (Lib. Cust. I. 230 and 234). "All Saints Fanchurche" (L. and P. H. VIII. 1540, D.S. xvi. p.54).

Identified with St. Gabriel Fenchurch (q.v.).

All Hallows, Honey Lane

In Honey Lane, at the north-west corner of Honey Lane Market (Leake, 1666). In Cripplegate Ward Within.

First mention in records : " All Hallows, Hunilane," 1235 (Cal. Ch. Rolls, I. 201-2).

Other forms : "All Hallows de Honilane," 1279 (Ct. H.W. I. 42). "All Hallows in Honylane," 1287 (ib. 81). " Parish of Honylane," 1297-8 (ib. 131).

Repaired and beautified 1625.

Burnt in the Fire 1666 and not rebuilt, the Market occupying the site of both church and parsonage house. Parish united to St. Mary le Bow. A Rectory. Patron : In private hands, and in 1399 in possession of T. Knoles, Grocer. Devised by his will dated 1435-1436, to his son Thomas (Ct. H.W. II. 476), and by the Will of Simon Strete grocer, dated 1456, the advowson of the church of All Hallows Hony lane is devised to the Grocers' Company, on condition that they observe the obit of Thomas, son of Thomas Knolles (ib. 540).

In the Parish Clerks' History it is said to be in the gift of the Bishop of London (p.13).

Saxon remains have been found on the site at various times since the removal of the church.

All Hallows, Lombard Street

On the north side of Lombard Street at No.48, and west of Gracechurch Street (P.O. Directory). In Langbourne Ward. The parish is in Langbourne, Bishopsgate Within and Bridge Wards.

Earliest mention found in records : 1053.

" Brihtmaer gave at 'Gerschereche' to Xres chereche at Cantwarberi-alre Halgene chereche," after the death of his wife and children. Grant witnessed by Leofstan, portreeve, etc. (Thorpe, Dip. Ang.-Sax. p.372-3, transcribing MS. Reg. C.C. Cantuar, C. v. fol. 11b. and A. fol. 153b.).

Names and forms of names : "All Hallows towards Gars-chirch," Rich. I. (Anc. Deeds, A. 2124). "All Hallows Garschirch," temp. John (ib. A. 2215-I 6). "All Hallows Grascherch " (ib. A. 2228). " All Hallows de Gerschirch," 1278 (Ct. H.W. I. 36). "All Hallows in Lombardstrete," 1505 (ib. II. 610). " All Hallows in Lombardstreete," otherwise called " All Hallows in Gracioustreete," 1599-1600 (ib. 725).

Qy. called " All Hallows, Cornhill " and " Gracechurch " (q.v.). See Benet (St.) Gracechurch.

Lately new builded I494-John Warner built the south aisle. Robert Warner his son finished it 1516-Steeple or bell tower finished 1544. Stone porch from the dissolved priory of St. John of Jerusalem, Clerkenwell (S. 203). Repaired and beautified 1622-3 (Strype, ed. 1720, I. ii. 155).

Burnt in the Fire ; rebuilt 1694 (ib.) by Wren at a cost of just over £8000. Again repaired and beautified 1847, 1870, and 1880.

Wood carving attributed to Grinling Gibbons.

Parishes of St. Benet, Gracechurch, St. Dionis Backchurch, and St. Leonard Eastcheap united to it.

A Rectory. One of the thirteen peculiars belonging to the Archbishop of Canterbury in London. Patrons : Dean and Chapter of Canterbury.

" In Lombard Streete is one faire Parish church called Alhallowes Grasse church in Lombard streete, because the Grasse market went down that way " (S. 203).

All Hallows, London Wall

On the north side of London Wall at No. 85 (P.O. Directory). In Broad Street Ward. Parish extends into Aldgate and Bishopsgate Within Wards.

Earliest mention found in records : Temp. H. I. (Strype, I ii. p. 5) included in grant to Holy Trinity of soke of Aldgate (See below).

" Omnium sanctorum super murum," 1241-59 (Register of Fulk Basset, Bishop of London, in D. and C. St. Paul's MSS. W.D. 9, fo. 48b).

It seems to have been described in various ways : " All Hallows by the Wall," 1285 (Ct. H.W. I. 73). " Omnium sanctorum de Bradstte," 1285 (D. and C. St. Paul's MS. liber. L. fo. 117a). " Omnium scor secus murum " (Ed. I.) (Anc. Deeds, A. 2012). " Omnium Sanctorum ad Murum," 31 Ed. I. (Lib. Cust. I. 230). " All Hallows near London Wall," 1313 (Ct. H.W. I.243). " All Hallows under the Wall " (ib. II. 33), 1361. " All Hallows atte Walle," 1388 (ib. 268). " All Hallows within the gate of Bishopesgate," 1344-5 (ib. I. 476). " All Hallows opposite the Augustine Friars," 1350-1 (ib. 645).

Chapel of Allhallows in the Church.

Church of St. Augustine Pappey incorporated with it 1441 (Cal. P.R. H. VI. 1441-6, p. 3).

New aisle built 1528-9. Repaired 1613, 1627. Escaped the Fire. Taken down and rebuilt 1765. Arch. Dance. Patrons : Prior and Convent of Holy Trinity (Lib. Cust. I. 230).

Strype says that Maud, Queen of H. I. gave the church to the prior and convent of Holy Trinity (ed. 1720, I. ii. 5), and it was probably included in the grant of the soke of Aldgate, which she made to the Prior (Lansdowne MS. 448, p.9). Since the dissolution, in the hands of the Crown. A Rectory (Newcourt, I. 256). The portion of the parish in Aldgate Ward is detached and formed, prior to 1441, the parish of St. Augustine Papey.

There was a fraternity of Brewers connected with the church in 1361 (Ct. H.W. II. 26), and a brotherhood of St. Sith (Churchwardens' Accounts, Welch, 1912).

"So called of standing close to the wal of the Citie" (S. 177).

Many interesting details relating to the church and parish are contained in the transcript of the Churchwardens' Accounts of the parish for '455 to 1536, edited by Charles Welch (Pub. L. and M. Arch. Soc. Trans.), and not the least interesting are the particulars relating to the famous ankers or anchorites and the anker-hold connected with the church and parish which are so frequently referred to in early London records.

It has been found, in the course of recent excavations in 1905, that the church was built on the Wall of London, and that the foundations of the bastion here were used in the rebuilding of the circular vestry in the 18th century. This was exposed to view in 1905 by the removal of houses, and the excavations and discoveries made are set out in Arch. lx.

All Hallows, Tower Street

See All Hallows Barking.

Allam Yard

See Allum Yard.

Allen's Court

North out of Leadenhall Street, east of St. Andrew Undershaft Church (Strype, ed. 1720-Boyle, 1799). In Aldgate Ward.

Named after Sir Thomas Allen, whose house occupied the court in Strype's time (ed. 1720, I. ii. 82).

The site seems now to be occupied by the Port of London Authority's office at 109 Leadenhall Street.

Allen's Court

This was a small court leading south out of Harrow Alley, Middlesex Street, the third turning west from Middlesex Street. In Portsoken Ward (O.S. 1880).

Formerly called : " Allen's Rents " (Rocque, 1746). " Allen's Court " or " Rents" (Horwood, 1799-Elmes, 1831).

It seems to be called " Suttons Rents " in Strype (ed. 1720, I. ii. 27).

The site is now covered by Artizan Street and the industrial dwellings erected there in1884.

Named after the owner or builder, according to Dodsley.

Allen's Rents

See Allen's Court.

Alley Gate

See Shaft Alley.

Alleyn's Almshouses

In Gingerbread Court, Lamb Alley, Bishopsgate Street, in Bishopsgate Ward Without (Dodsley, 1761-O.S. 1880).

Erected c. 1628, by Edward Alleyn, the comedian, in Petty France and removed to Lamb Alley when Petty France was rebuilt as New Broad Street. For ten poor men and women. Rebuilt 1733 in Gingerbread Court, Lamb Alley. Still standing in 1901, End. Ch. Rep. of that year.

Removed for the extension of the Great Eastern Railway lines.

Alleys

Two passages called " alleys " in parish of St. Botolph Without Aldrychgate 3 and 4 Philip and Mary (Cal. L. and M. Ft. of Fines, II. 101).

See Aleye (la).

In the Burial Registers of St. Olave Hart Street, 1597-8, the words " ally," "allye," and "alley" are all used as the equivalent of our modern " aisle."

The word " alley" in the N.E.D. is derived from the O.F. " alee "= passage, walk.

It is defined as-

I. a walk, a passage,

II. a bordered walk or passage, as a walk in a garden, a passage between buildings, a narrow street, a lane. A long narrow enclosure for bowls. A passage between rows of pews, now called " aisles."

In M.E. it was spelt " allure "=a place to walk in, a gallery, a walk by the parapets of a castle, a cloister. Low Latin " alature" from " aler," to go.

The word occurs very frequently in early documents, and from the descriptions given the houses seem often to have been built out so as to project over these alleys or passages, which appertained to the owners or occupiers of the respective houses and were in no sense streets as they are to-day. The term "alley" was in use in its modern signification in Stow's time, but the original alleys were for the most part unnamed.

Alliance Assurance Co.'s Offices

At the north-east corner of Bartholomew Lane (P.O. Directory). In Broad Street Ward. Founded 1824, on the site of part of Throgmorton Court (q.v.). Called Alliance Bank in O.S. 1880.

See Auction Mart Sale Rooms.

Allum Yard

South out of Crutched Friars, west of Savage Gardens (O. and M. 1677).

Other names : " Alam," " Allam," Yard (Strype, 1720 and 1755). " Alarm Yard " (Boyle, 1799).

Site seems to have been rebuilt in Horwood.

Almhouse Yard

North out of White's Alley, Coleman Street, in Coleman Street Ward (Strype, ed. 1720-Boyle, 1799).

It contained six houses for six poor men and their wives, belonging to the Company of Leathersellers (Strype, ed. 1720, I. iii. 64).

See Ayre's Charity, Almshouses.

Almnes Lane

House in parish of St. Leonard de Estchep in this lane devised by Reginald de Canefeld to Cristina his wife, 1322 (Ct. H.W. I. 295).

Not further identified.

Alms Alley

In Harrow Alley, Petticoat Lane. In Portsoken Ward (Boyle, 1799).

Not named in the maps.

Almshouses, Judd's Charity

See Judd's Almshouses.