S

S

Sabbarton, Jno., Bagnigge Wells Rd, London, cm (1835). [D]

Sabberton, Joshua, 22 Botolph St, Norwich, cm (1783–84). [D]

Sabine, —, 104 Queen St, Portsmouth, Hants., cm (1795). [V&A archives]

Sabourin, George, London, cm (1799–1820). In 1799 living at Back Lane, Stepney. Trading at 51 Shoreditch in 1808 and 19 Curtain Rd in 1811; but at 39 Paul St, Finsbury Sq., 1814–20. Probably ceased furniture making after this date but is shown at 4 Commercial Rd as a timber merchant, 1823–27. The trade card of Sabourin & Marchand, cm, upholders and undertakers at 47 Church St, Bethnal Green exists [Heal Coll., BM] and may relate to George Sabourin. [D; PR (bapt.) St George-in-the-East]

Sach, John, Maldon, Essex, u (1784). [D]

Sackham, —, address unknown, upholder (1754). Subscribed to Chippendale's Director, 1754.

Sacx, Thomas, parish of St Martin-in-the-Fields, London, carver (1711). In 1711 took out a lease for 21 years on a property on the south side of Long Acre. [Marylebone Ref. Lib., deed 176/17–18]

Sadd, John, Needham Market, Suffolk, looking-glass maker (1685). Probate inventory. [Suffolk RO (Ipswich), FE1/3/81]

Sadgrove, Thomas, Broker's Row, Moorfields, London, cm, u and looking-glass warehouse (1809–17). From 1809 the business traded as Thomas Sadgrove & Son, the latter being William who by 1817 had taken over the business. The address is shown as 20 Broker's Row, 1808–09, but by 1814, no. 21 was also being used. In 1817 Thomas Sadgrove corresponded with the Royal Society of Arts on the uses of mahogany. His address was shown as Mulberry Ct, Wilson St, Moorfields, probably his home. [D; Heal]

Sadgrove, William, London, cm, u and looking-glass warehouse (1817–40). Successor to his father Thomas Sadgrove and continued to use the 20–21 Broker's Row, Moorfields address. One directory of 1820 however lists 18, 20 and 21 Eldon St, Finsbury Circus which is probably the same address. [D]

Sadleir, Thomas, Highgate, London, cm, upholder and undertaker (1823–39). Recorded at High St in 1839. [D]

Sadler, Edward, Hanley, Staffs., cm and u (1828–35). Listed at Tontine St in 1828, Market Sq., 1830–34, Market St in 1834 and Lamb St in 1835. Advertised for an u, Chester Courant, 26 January 1830. [D]

Sadler, Francis, 28 Aldgate St, Aldgate, London, upholder etc. (1817). [D]

Sadler, George, 25 Lime St, Liverpool, u (1816). [D]

Sadler, George, Globe Rd, Mile End, London, cm (1826). [D]

Sadler, George, St Giles St, Norwich, u (1836–39). [D]

Sadler, I., Whitchurch, Salop, cm (1797). [D]

Sadler, James, Leeds, Yorks., cm (1834–39). At 107 West St in 1834 and 18 Wellington Lane in 1839. [D]

Sadler, John, Watlington, Oxon., u (1755). In Jackson's Oxford Journal, 17 May 1755 advertised that he was continuing the business of the late John Sibley.

Sadler, John, address unknown, cm (1803). In 1803 subscribed to Sheraton's Cabinet Dictionary.

Sadler, Richard, 31 Drury Lane, London, upholder (1784). [D]

Sadler, Robert, 30 Wilkes St, Spitalfields, London, chairmaker (1810). In February 1810 took out insurance cover of £400 of which half was for utensils and stock. [GL, Sun MS vol. 449, ref. 841611]

Sadler, Robert snr, 6 Globe Terr., Mile End, Old Town, London, cm and u (1822–39). [D]

Sadler, Slacksle, address unknown (1782). Paid £32 3s by Paul Methuen for new furniture supplied to Corsham Court, Wilts. on 30 April 1782. [V&A archives]

Sadler, William, 24 Little Alie St, Goodman's Fields, London, u and cm (1813–17). [D]

Sadler, William, Liverpool, cm and chairmaker (1834–35). In 1834 shown in one directory at 4 Leece St but in another at 11 Shannon St, an address that he also occupied in 1835. [D]

Saevent, William, 46 Church St, Shoreditch, London, cm and u (1827). [D]

Safreey, Thomas, Norwich, cm (1759). In 1759 took app. named Gosling. [S of G, app. index]

Sagar, Stephen, York, u (1759–84). Son of Robert Sagar of ‘Mektham’, clerk. App. to Robert Barker, u, on 10 November 1759, and admitted freeman in 1771. At Micklegate in 1774 but in 1784 at Jubbergate. Bankruptcy announced, Gents Mag., July 1776. [App. bk; freemen rolls; poll bks]

Sage, George, Bristol, cabinet turner (1831–40). At 7 St John's Bridge in 1831; 5 St James's Churchyard, 1832–35; Withington Ct, Horse Fair in 1836 and Canon St, 1837–40. [D]

Sage, John, Bristol, furniture japanner, sign and furniture painter (1824–40). At 56 Broadmead, 1824–25; in the yard near 48 Broadmead, 1826–29; and Alden's Ct, Broadmead, 1830–37. After this date the business is listed as J. & T. Sage and traded from 1 Trinity St. [D]

Sage, Samuel, Coombe St, Exeter, Devon, cm (1838–40). Daughters bapt. in 1838 and 1840 at St Mary Major. [PR (bapt.)]

Saggers, John, Saffron Walden, Essex, cm, u and brazier (1778– 80). In 1778 insured his stock for £300. His nearness to Sir John Griffin Griffin's house, Audley End, Essex, ensured some patronage of a minor nature. An oak four post bed and bedding was supplied in 1778 at a cost of £7 8s, and in 1780 a 3 ft wainscot desk was the major item on an account which totalled £2 7s. [GL, Sun MS vol. 267, p. 29; Essex RO, D/DBy/A36/6, A38/9]

Sainsbury, Joseph, Tottenham Ct Rd, London, u and cm (1835–40). At 169 Tottenham Ct Rd in 1835 but by 1839 the number was 167. [D]

Sainsbury, Mary, 5 Rosemary St, Bristol, u (1830–40). [D]

Sainsbury, Philip, Audley St, Westminster, London, carver (1749). [D]

Saint, Aaron, New St, The Potteries, Staffs., joiner and cm (1818). [D]

Saint, Gideon, ‘The Golden Head’, Princes St, near Leicester Fields, London, carver and gilder (b.1729–d.1799). Gideon Saint, a London craftsman active in the 1760s and 1770s, is remembered chiefly for his remarkable album or scrapbook of carvers’ designs, now at the MMA, NY. Pasted to its inside front cover is an elaborate engraved trade card inscribed ‘Gideon Saint Carver & Gilder, at the Golden Head in Princes Street, near Leicester Fields. Makes all sorts of Sconces, Girondoles, Chandeliers, Brackets, Tables, Chimney-Pieces, Picture Frames &c. in the best and most Reasonable manner.’

The scrapbook exemplifies the intimate connection between the French Huguenot community in England and the Rococo style there. Saint appears to have travelled almost exclusively in Huguenot circles. He was born of French Huguenot parents in London in 1729. At age fourteen he was app., for a seven year term, to ‘Jacob Touzey of St Martin's fields Midx. Carver.’ [PRO, IR 1/17 — September 22, 1743] At the end of his apprenticeship, about 1750, Saint presumably became a journeyman carver and gilder. In 1762 he married Marie Catherine Paisant. The following year he set up as a carver and gilder at ‘The Golden Head’, Princes St, London, the address on his trade card. As apps he took Richard Giles in 1765 and Geo. Swain in 1766. [PRO, IR 1/ 24] He carried on his business there until 1779, when he moved to Charles St, Hoxton. Apparently he left the carvers’ trade at that time. Sometime after his wife's death in 1791, Saint moved to Groombridge, Kent, where, with the rank of a gentleman, he died in 1799. He had been a warden and overseer of the French Church, Soho (1775) and a director of the Ecole de Charité Française de Westminster (1792).

The 364 numbered pages of Saint's album are divided into twelve sections, each identified by a finger tab marked with the name of one or more related forms of carvers’ work: ‘House Furniture, Brackets, Shields & Odd Ornaments, Pannells & Cealings, Signs & Other Outworks, Stands & Clock Cases, Ornaments for Mouldings, Gerandoles, Tables & Slabbs, Ornaments for Chimneys, All Kinds of Glass Frames.’ Saint began filling these sections with Régence-style engravings (or drawings after engravings) from French books by Berain, Boulle, Mariette, Pineau, and Roumier. Shortly, however, he switched exclusively to the English engravings in the fully-developed Rococo manner — by Lock, Copland, and Johnson — that comprise the bulk of the illustrations. In addition he made a number of finely executed drawings on the pages of the album itself. Mostly of frames, carved mouldings, and chimney ornaments, they suggest that Saint may have specialized in interior architectural ornament.

Gideon Saint's scrapbook is the most graphic surviving document of how a Georgian craftsman worked. For it, he cut up inexpensive booklets of carvers’ designs, trimming off all names and inscriptions, re-arranging the parts by type of object, and numbering them. The result was a library of anonymous designs for his clients to choose from. Examples of Saint's executed work have yet to be identified. [M. Heckscher, ‘Gideon Saint: An Eighteenth-Century Carver and His Scrapbook’, Met. Museum Bulletin, February 1969, pp. 299–311] M.H.H.

Saint, Thomas, Newcastle, u (1761–80). App. to William Charnley and free, 26 March 1761. [Freemen reg.; poll bks]

St George, John, London (?), upholder (1685). In 1685 submitted an account to Lord Petrie of Ingatstone Hall, Essex for furniture, upholstery, embroidery, looking-glasses etc. totalling £555 7s 11½d. [Essex RO, D/DP A164A]

St Quintin, Percy, Queen St, Bank Pl., St George's Tombland, Norwich, mahogany merchant, cm and u (1817–40). App. to Samuel Mathue(?) and free as a cm on 3 May 1817. [D; freemen rolls]

Saitt, Richard, 92 Jermyn St, London, upholder (1791). On 12 July 1791 took out insurance cover of £1,000 on glass in his dwelling house. [GL, Sun MS ref. 586502]

Saker, J., Tonbridge, Kent, chairmaker (1803). [D]

Sale, Joseph, Upper end of St James St, near Portugal St, London, upholder (1712–23). The St James St address is included in an insurance record of 1712. In 1722–23 the address is simply recorded as the parish of St Martin-in-the-Fields. [GL, Sun MS vol. 2, p. 39; Hand in Hand MS vol. 26, p. 133; Heal]

Sale, Phineas, London, upholder (1719–33). Son of William Sale of Bromyard, Herefs., Gent. App. to Nicholas Patrick on 13 January 1719 and free of the Upholders’ Co. by servitude, 8 April 1719. Took as apps Timothy Wright, 1719–26, and William Greer, 1720–33. [GL, Upholders’ Co. records]

Sale, Robert, 26 Cavendish St, New North Rd, London, cm and u (1839). [D]

Sale, William, 5 and 6 Guildhall St, Bury St Edmunds, Suffolk, cm and u (1830–39). The name ‘Saile’ recorded on a canvas chair seat probably refers to this maker. [D; poll bk; Antique Collector, June 1956]

Salisbury, Charles Pyne, Exeter, Devon (1797). Married Miss Leach, daughter of Capt. Leach of Exmouth. [Exeter Flying Post, 9 November 1797]

Salisbury, John snr and jnr, Exeter, Devon, cm and u (1770– 1814). John Salisbury snr opened a cabinet and upholstery warehouse at Fore St in October 1770. This appears to have adjoined the French Church. He offered to furnish ‘houses for Ladies and Gentlemen at an easy per cent per annum’ and stated that he retailed ‘mahogany, wainscott, deals, laths etc.’. He also acted as an appraiser and undertook building work. At the time he announced the opening of his warehouse he also advertised for two joiners ‘that have been mostly used at the bench’ and ‘a pair of sawyers that have been used to work for the cabinet and chair branch’. He also had a vacancy for an app. In March 1784 he advertised for information about John East, cm and chairmaker, possibly one of his apps or workmen, who had absconded to Cornwall ‘with money from the illegal sale of John Salisbury's property’. In December 1785 John Salisbury married Mrs Mary Larkworthy, widow of a linen draper and daughter of Capt. Scott of Lympstone, Devon. In 1771 and 1776 he is recorded acting as agent for the sale of furniture and a house which he advertised for disposal.

There appears to have been another John Salisbury, almostly certainly the son of John Salisbury snr. He married in May 1792 Miss Fisher of the parish of St Thomas, and is included in an Exeter Militia List of 1803 living in the parish of St Olave. The date that he took over the business is uncertain, but was possibly sometime in the 1790s. In August 1808 he announced that he had left his residence but was still maintaining his ware-rooms and shops in Fore St. Letters were to be addressed to Mr Stong, baker and flour factor in Fore St. In March 1810 a removal to St Thomas, near the Bridge was advertised. John Salisbury's stock was auctioned off in February 1814, when he indicated that he was giving up the business as he was ‘about leaving this country’. This consisted of ‘four-post, tent and other bedsteads; feather beds, blankets and counterpanes; handsome mahogany wardrobes; commode and straight front set of drawers; dressing and deception night tables; night, and bason stands; pier and dressing glasses; handsome inlaid secretary and bookcase, with fancy glass doors; mahogany and coromandel wood, card, sofa and Pembroke tables; handsome sideboards, sofas; mahogany and fancy chairs; with a variety of other articles’.

Salisbury used trade labels to mark items he sold, and one has been recorded on a brass bound mahogany wine cooler of c.1780–1800. Trade cards of this firm also survive which indicate that papier mâché ornaments and wall paper were stocked and which also claim that looking-glasses could be polished from the rough. Billiard balls and bowling green and skittle balls could also be supplied. From October 1807 auctioneering was added to the activities of the busines. [D; Exeter Flying Post, 26 October 1770, 8 March 1771, 3 May 1776, 5 March 1784, 15 December 1785, 24 May 1792, 27 December 1792, 9 October 1794, 1 October 1807, 25 August 1808, 1 March 1810, 17 February 1814; Heal Coll., BM]

Salisbury, M. A., Exeter, Devon, u (1838–40). At Mint Lane in 1838 and Bartholomew Yd, 1839–40. [D]

Salisbury, Thomas, London, upholder (1729). Son of Thomas Salisbury of the parish of St Martin-in-the-Fields, Gent. App. to William Humphreys on 1 February 1720 and free by servitude, 16 May 1729. [GL, Upholders’ Co. records] Possibly:

Salisbury, Thomas, Dyers Ct, Aldermanbury, London, u (d.1767). Death ‘at an Inn in Clare-Market’ of this ‘eminent Upholsterer … who had retired from Business and resided in Nottingham’ reported in Public Advertiser, 30 June 1767.

Salisbury, Thomas, London, carver and gilder (1812–39). In July 1812 at 6 Edward St where he took out insurance cover of £300 which included £100 for china and glass and £50 for utensils and stock. In 1820 at 13 Brokers Alley, Long Acre where he declared his trade as a looking-glass and frame maker. By 1835 at 1 Brokers Alley, Drury Lane as a furniture broker and in 1839 at 2 Brokers Alley when once more his trade was listed as carver and gilder. [D; GL, Sun MS vol. 459, ref. 873097]

Salisbury, William, 2 Cumberland St, Shoreditch, London, looking-glass and frame maker (1835). [D]

Salkeld, James, Wigton, Cumb., chairmaker (1829–34). In 1829 at Meeting House Lane and in 1834 at West St. [D]

Salkeld, John, Penrith, Cumb., chairmaker (1811–34). In 1811 at Dockray and in 1834 in Middlegate. [D]

Salleway, John, 15 Gt Turnstile, Holborn, London, carver (1785). In July 1785 insured his utensils and stock for £40. [GL, Sun MS vol. 330, p. 326]

Sallis, George, Bull Head Ct, Jewin St, London, chairmaker (1749). [Heal]

Sallows, John snr, Colchester, Essex, cm (1780–1812). [Poll bks]

Sallows, John, Gt Yarmouth, Norfolk, cm (1795). App. to John Sewell and free by servitude 1795. Changed his name to Sallows from Aldred. [Freemen rolls; poll bk]

Sallows, John jnr, Colchester, Essex, cm (1806–31). [Poll bks]

Sallows, Richard, Colchester, Essex, cm (1768). [Poll bk]

Salloway, William, 30 Bow St, Covent Gdn, London, carver and gilder (1809). [D]

Sallway, John, 30 Bow St, Covent Gdn, London, carver and gilder (1808–37). [D]

Salmon, Abraham, parish of St Gregory, Norwich, chairmaker (1786). [Poll bk]

Salmon, Charles, ‘Five Fields Row near the Flaske’, Westminster, London, cm (1784). [Poll bk]

Salmon, Charles, address unknown, carver and gilder (1800–03). Recorded supplying the Crown. On 16 July 1800 he was paid 6s as a carver and gilder. On 5 February 1803 paid £52 8s for rental of a warehouse room for furniture for five years. [Windsor Royal Archives, RA 88863, 88919]

Salmon, George, Oxford St, St Anne Sq., London, chairmaker (1814). In 1814 took app. named James Cudland. [Westminster Ref. Lib., MS E3559 Grinsells charity app. indentures]

Salmon, Henry, London, cm, u and undertaker (1795–1817). At 25 Lamb's Conduit St, 1795–96; 15 Chapel St, Lamb's Conduit St, 1798–1803; but by 1806 the number had changed to 16. Included in the list of master cabinet makers in Sheraton's Cabinet Dictionary, 1803. [D]

Salmon, Isaac, Norwich and London, u (1802–06). Freeman of Norwich and living in the parish of St Gregory in 1802. By 1806 living in London. [Norwich poll bks]

Salmon, John, London, upholder (d. by 1720). Freeman and member of the Upholders’ Co. His son Thomas was also free of the Upholders’ Co. and received his freedom in 1729. [GL, Upholders’ Co. records]

Salmon, John, 427 Oxford St, London, japanned chair manufacturer (1803–25). From 1809 traded as John Salmon & Son. The initial of the son was H. The trade label of this firm advertises ‘Drawing Room Chairs Settees Sofas etc. in Gold or Colours, BED ROOM CHAIRS TO MATCH, Furniture Paper Hangings &c., Bed & Window-Cornices, Card & Dressing Tables With every Article in the above Business on Reasonable Terms. N.B. Great Allowance to Merchants & Captains. Country Orders Executed with Punctuality.’ Included in the list of master cabinet makers in Sheraton's Cabinet Dictionary, 1803. [D]

Salmon, Richard, parish of St Giles, Norwich, cm (1806). [Poll bk]

Salmon, Robert, Bristol, cm (1754–c.1785). Shown living in the parish of St Nicholas from 1754–84 and in 1775 at 9 Bristol Back. In 1762 took app. named Williams. In the mid 1780s he was one of the craftsmen who supplied furniture for the new Mansion House. Salmon's contribution was of a minor nature consisting of a 3 ft 4 in. oak bureau at £2 15s and ‘a coaco ruler’ at 1s. He also supplied, probably for another Corporation building, seven large dining tables at £3 10s each, two mahogany pedestals with vases at £10, two sideboards for the recesses at £1 16s and sixty mahogany brass-nailed chairs at £1 2s each. [D; poll bks; Furn. Hist., 1976]

Salmon, Robert snr, Cambridge, chairmaker (1774). [Poll bk]

Salmon, Robert, parish of St Clement, Cambridge, cm (1819). Child bapt. parish of St Clement. [PR (bapt.)]

Salmon, Robert, Pilgrim St, Newcastle, cm (1824–27). [D]

Salmon, Samuel, Spurriergate, York, carpenter and cm (1778–79). In both 1778 and 1779 insured his utensils and stock for £100. In 1779 total insurance cover was £200. [GL, Sun MS vol. 265, p. 478; vol. 277, p. 378]

Salmon, Samuel, Cambridge, cm, u and broker (1805–40). At Bridge St, 1805–07, and from 1832 at Sidney St. Samuel Salmon, turner, was listed in a directory of 1792. [D; poll bks]

Salmon, Sarah, 106 Pottergate St, Norwich, upholder (c.1803). [D]

Salmon, Thomas, London, upholder (1729). Son of John Salmon, a member of the Upholders’ Co. App. to his mother Sarah Salmon on 11 January 1720 and free of the Upholders’ Co. by servitude, 3 December 1729. [GL, Upholders’ Co. records]

Salmon, Thomas, New Canal, Salisbury, Wilts., cm and u (1822–30). [D]

Salmon, Thomas, 14 Albion St, Cheltenham, Glos., cm and u (1830). [D]

Salmon, William, Cambridge, chairmaker (1774–80). [Poll bks]

Salmon, William, 3 Gt Pulteney St, London, tailor and upholder (1777). In 1777 took out insurance cover of £1,200 of which £500 was for utensils and stock. [GL, Sun MS vol. 255, p. 146]

Salmon, William, High Wycombe, Bucks., chairmaker (b.c. 1821–41). Aged 20 at the time of the 1841 Census.

Salph, Elias, Fisherton Anger, Salisbury, Wilts., cm and u (1830). [D]

Salter, John Henry, Regent Terr., City Rd, London, cm and u (1839). [D]

Salter, Thomas, 40 Greek St, Soho, London, cm (1778). In 1778 took out insurance cover of £400 and of this sum £140 was for utensils and stock and £50 for a timber workshop. [GL, Sun MS vol. 266, p. 371]

Salteri, Ant., 17 Gt Queen St, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, looking-glass manufacturer (1813–27). In 1825 the business is listed as Salteri & Co. [D]

Salteri & Co., 374 Strand, London, carvers, gilders and looking-glass manufacturers (1815–40). On their trade card [Landauer Coll., MMA, NY] they claimed to have been established in 1815 and were successors to Cattaneo & Co. They also stated that they were carvers and gilders to the late King William IV. The relationship of this business to Ant. Salteri of 17 Gt Queen St, Lincoln's Inn Fields is unknown.

Salthouse, Richard & Riding, William, Preston, Lancs., joiners, cm and timber merchants (1795). Dissolution of the partnership was announced, Billinge's Liverpool Advertiser, 19 October 1795.

Saltmarsh, William, 79 Coleman St, Lothbury, London, looking-glass manufacturer (1815–29). From 1819–25 listed as William Saltmarsh & Son. Their label is recorded on a mirror in a private collection and indicates ‘Old Glasses polished, silvered carefully framed, in the best manner ladies needlework carefully framed. Prints and drawings framed and glazed. German sheet-glass of the largest dimensions. Funerals decently performed.’ [D; V&A archives]

Saltmarsh & Wicking, Edger Terr., Tunbridge Wells, Kent, carvers and gilders (1838–39). In 1839 the business is listed in a directory simply as ‘Saltmarsh’. [D]

Saltmire, Rd., Market Pl., Market Weighton, Yorks., cm and joiner (1828). [D]

Saltonstall, William, Leeds, Yorks., u (1710). In 1710 took app. named Woordsworth. [S of G, app. index]

Salvin, Robert, 2 Cross Pl., Sunderland, Co. Durham, cm (1827–32). [D]

Sambach, William, Russell Ct, Drury Lane, London, upholder (1716–24). Took out insurance cover of £175 on his rented house. [GL, Hand in Hand MS vol. 16, p. 634; vol. 28, p. 170]

Samber, Samuel, Long Acre, London, u (1747–49). From September to November 1747 supplied furniture to Alscot Park, Warks. to a value of £20 7s 10d. The most expensive item was a mahogany couch on brass casters ‘with a squab stuft in Canvise and quilted’ at £7. [Westminster poll bk; V&A archives]

Sammes, James, 53 Russell St, Bloomsbury, London, upholder, cm and undertaker (1764–1808). Undertook work for Elizabeth, Marchioness of Tavistock but most of this occurred in 1768–69 after her death and to the order of her steward George Rawson. In February to March 1768 repairs to a japanned stand and taking down a bed at Bedford House, London cost 15s 6d; and in September of that year £8 9s was paid for the upholstery of a small mahogany chair and a mahogany tea chest. Sammes does not appear in London directories until 1781 and his address before this date is unknown. Included in Sheraton's list of master cabinet makers in his Cabinet Dictionary, 1803. [D; Bedford Office, London]

Sammonds, James, High Wycombe, Bucks., chairmaker (b.c. 1811–41). Aged 30 at the date of the 1841 Census.

Sammonds, John, High Wycombe, Bucks., chairmaker (b.c. 1806–41). Two daughters and a son bapt. 1827–35. Aged 25 at the date of the 1841 Census.

Sammonds, Samuel, High Wycombe, Bucks., chairmaker (1830–41). Aged 35 at the date of the 1841 Census. [D]

Sammonds, Tom, High Wycombe, Bucks., chairmaker (1825). [PR (bapt.)]

Sammons, Jer., 12 South St, Lambeth, London, chair and sofa maker (1826). [D]

Sammons, T., 12 Portugal St, Lambeth Walk, London, chair and sofa maker (1826). [D]

Sammons, Thomas, Tunbridge Wells, Kent, chairmaker (1832). [D]

Sample, John, 6 Gt Portland St, London, upholder and cm (1782). In 1782 took out insurance cover of £300 which included £190 for utensils and stock. [GL, Sun MS vol. 299, p. 160]

Sampson, Abraham, Conduit St, London, u (1749). [Westminster poll bk]

Sampson, Nicholas, William St, Bishop Wearmouth, Sunderland, Co. Durham, cm (1827). [D]

Sampson, Thomas, Ashford, Kent, u (1774–93). Freeman of Canterbury. [D; Canterbury poll bks]

Sampson, Thomas, Liverpool, chairmaker (1829–39). In 1829 at 7 Pellew St; in 1834–37 at 63 Bostock St; but by 1839 the number was 30. [D]

Sampson, Thomas, Exeter, Devon, cm (1830–31). Shown in one directory at 1830 at 4 Paris St but in another of 1830–31 at Silver St. [D]

Sampson, William & Richard, parish of St Mary, Woolnoth, London, u (1777). Bankruptcy announced, Gents Mag., July 1777.

Sampson, William, 11 Bostock St, Liverpool, chairmaker (1837). [D]

Sampson & Shaw, York St, Chorlton-on Medlock, Manchester, cm (1840). [D]

Sams, J. & J., London, bedstead makers (1835–39). Shown at 4 Chapel St, Holywell Mt (Curtain Row) and 8½ Charlotte St, Old St. [D]

Sams, James, Down St, Westminster, London, carver (1774). [Poll bk]

Sams, Samuel, Snowfields, Southwark, London, bedstead maker (1809). [D]

Samson, J., 18 York Terr., Borough Rd, London, cm and chairmaker (1835). [D]

Sam(p)son, John, 8 Newington Causeway, London, chair and sofa maker and cm (1820–26). [D]

Samson, Philip, 29 Tooley St, London, wood carver (1775–77). [D]

Sampson, Thomas, Ashby-de-la-Zouch, Leics., u (1791). [D]

Sampson, Thomas, High St, Rye, Sussex, cm, u and paperhanger (1823). [D]

Samuel, George, 118 Golden Lane, London, cm (1822). In November 1822 took out insurance cover of £100 of which £70 was for stock and utensils. [GL, Sun MS vol. 491, ref. 997908]

Samuel, H., 484 Oxford St, London. A number of pieces of furniture of late 18th to early 19th century date are recorded stamped with the name of this firm. Items include a satinwood ‘bonheur du jour’, a mahogany plate and cutlery stand and a pair of mahogany cheval screens. [Sotheby's, 7 February 1969, lot 131; 16 July 1971, lot 76; 8 September 1978, lot 238]

Samuel, Isaac, 25 Nicholas Lane, Lombard St, London, merchant, looking-glass manufacturer and cabinet manufacturer (1819–25). [D]

Samuel, Isaac, 29 Finsbury Pl., London, cm (1826). [D]

Samuel, James, Peterborough Ct, St Bride's, London, cm (1749–61). Occupied the following parochial offices in the parish of St Bride, Fleet St: Constable 1749, Collector for the Poor 1754, Sidesman and Questman 1755, Scavenger 1759 and Churchwarden 1761. [GL, MS 6561, p. 82]

Samuel, S. J. & P., 39 Leonard St, Shoreditch, London, lookingglass manufacturer and merchant (1817). [D]

Samuel, Simon, Billiter Lane, London, merchant, looking-glass manufacturer and factor (1815). [D]

Samuel, William, Houndsditch, London, upholder (1771). Son of William Samuel of Merioneth, Wales, clerk. Free of the Upholders’ Co. by redemption under the terms of the 1750 Upholders’ Act, 2 February 1771. [GL, Upholders’ Co. records]

Sancroft, Joshua Baker, Norwich and Gt Yarmouth, Norfolk, cm (1826–30). Son of James Sancroft, surgeon. Free of Norwich 20 May 1826 but by July 1830 living in Gt Yarmouth. [Norwich freemen rolls; Norwich and Gt Yarmouth poll bks]

Sanctury, James, Burnham Market, Norfolk, cm (1839). [D]

Sandalands, —, address unknown, cm (1803). Subscribed to Sheraton's Cabinet Dictionary, 1803.

Sandall, Thomas, Richmond Green, Surrey, cm (d. by 1753). In August 1753 the sale of the stock in trade, tools and utensils of the late Thomas Sandall was announced. His stock included ‘a great variety of exceeding good Cabinet Work, in Walnut-tree & Mahogany, in Cabinets, Bureaus, Commodes, Writing, Dining, Dressing, Card, Claw & Night Tables, Chests, & Chests of Drawers, glasses, Marble Tables on Carv'd Frames, Chairs etc. Two Wainscot Models of Houses, Mahogany Planks & Boards, Cherry Tree Sticks, Veniers etc.’ [Public Advertiser, 4 August 1753]

Sandaver, Jno., 12 Kenton St, Brunswick Sq., London, cm u and undertaker (1839). [D]

Sandbach, William, Liverpool, u (1767–d. by 1820). App. to Edward Roberts and free 3 December 1767. [Freemen reg.]

Sandbach, William, Northwich, Cheshire, u (1782). In January 1782 advertised the disposal of his stock in trade and offered the house and shop that he had occupied for sale. He claimed to be the only u in Northwich at this time. [Chester Chronicle, 11 January 1782]

Sandell, Samuel, 101 New Bond St, London, upholder (1782– 96). App. to William Jellicoe, a member of the Skinners’ Co. but by trade an upholder, on 12 January 1768. Already trading on his own account from 101 New Bond St by 1782, but was not admitted a member of the Upholders’ Co. until 7 October 1789 and then under the terms of the 1750 Upholders’ Act and not by servitude. In January 1793 took out insurance cover of £500 on a property at 11 Orchard St, Portman Sq., possibly his dwelling house. [D; GL, Upholders’ Co. records; Sun MS vol. 389, ref. 601836]

Sander, Thomas, Oldbury, Tewkesbury, Glos., cm (1837). Child bapt. in 1837. [PR (bapt.)]

Sanders, Benjamin, Sevenoaks, Kent, cm (1824–29). [D]

Sanders, Daniel, parish of St John, Wapping, London, carver (1736). In 1736 took app. named Cowell. [S of G, app. index]

Sanders, Frances, 9 Hanover St, Bristol, u (1827–32). [D] By 1835 Richard Sanders was trading at this address in the same trade.

Sanders, John, 15 Crown St, Finsbury Sq., London, cm (1802– 03). In January 1802 took out insurance cover of £300 of which £200 was for utensils and stock. By December 1803 these figures had risen to £500 and £350 respectively. [GL, Sun MS vol. 424, ref. 727054; vol. 426, ref. 743754]

Sanders, John, 224 Shoreditch, London, cm and carpenter (1808–13). In November 1809 took out insurance cover of £2,100 of which stock and utensils amounted to £1,800. This level of insurance cover was reached by few of the large central London cm working in the fashionable part of the trade and is most unusual for a business in the Shoreditch area [D; GL, Sun MS vol. 447, ref. 836626]

Sanders, John, parish of St John, Exeter, Devon, cm (1832). [Poll bk]

Sanders, Joseph, 1 Budge Row, London, upholder (1789–96). Son of William Sanders of Chertsey, Surrey, linen draper. App. to Gawn Shotter on 1 July 1789 and free of the Upholders’ Co. by servitude, 7 September 1796. [GL, Upholders’ Co. records]

Sanders, Joseph, Catherine St, London, see Morgan & Sanders.

Sanders, Richard, Hanover St, Bristol, u (1822–40). An R. Sanders is shown in Bristol directories at 4 Hanover St, 1822–24 and 9 Hanover St, 1825–26. Between 1827–32 this address is shown in the occupation of Frances Sanders carrying on the same trade. No entries appear for the years 1833–34, but from 1835 Richard Sanders is shown at this address. The likely explanation is that there were two Richard Sanders, father and son and that Frances was wife of Richard Sanders snr. [D]

Sanders, Thomas, address unknown, carpenter, joiner and cm (1823). Listed as an insolvent debtor, The Alfred, 25 February 1823.

Sanders, William, St Ives, Hunts., cm (1798). [D]

Sanders, William, 8 Rosemary St, Bristol, fancy chair maker (1840). [D]

Sanders & Colbron, address unknown, u (1819–20). Undertook removals, cleaning and repairs at Brighton Pavilion in 1819, and supplied a canopy, chair and footstools for the Duke of Wellington, Ambassador to the Court of France in 1820. [PRO, LC11/29]

Sanderson, —, Green Dragon Yd, Worship St, London, cm (1832). [D] The firm of Bagnall & Sanderson traded from this address.

Sanderson, George, Newcastle, u (1760–87). In 1760 took app. named Sanderson, possibly related. In 1778 at Bigg-market, and in 1782 at ‘The Crown’, Bigg-market of which he was the publican. In 1787 at Rosemary Lane. [D; S of G, app. index]

Sanderson, George, Sandgate, Berwick-upon-Tweed, Northumb., cm and u (1827–34). Also listed at Foul Ford in 1828. [D]

Sanderson, George, Bridge-gate, Howden, Yorks., joiner and cm (1828). [D]

Sanderson, Henry, Swallow St, London, cm and upholder (1775–79). In partnership with James Paul, February 1775, he took out insurance cover of £500 of which £390 was for utensils and stock. Bankruptcy announced in July 1779 at which date he appears to have been in partnership with Alex. Sanderson. [GL, Sun MS vol. 236, p. 246; Sussex Weekly Advertiser, 26 July 1779]

Sanderson, James, 119 Fore St, Cripplegate, London, cm and broker (1775). In 1775 took out insurance cover of £1,200 of which £700 was for utensils and tools. [GL, Sun MS vol. 237, p. 170]

Sanderson, James, Bath, Som., cm (1759). In 1759 took app. named Hambleton. [S of G, app. index]

Sanderson, James & Co., Hedon, Yorks., cm and joiners (1828). [D]

Sanderson, John, ‘The Golden Angel’, Haymarket, London, upholder (1698–c.1745). App. to Henry Gage, draper, and free of the Upholders’ Co. by servitude, 24 October 1698. Trading in Haymarket by 1709, and in 1714 took out insurance cover for his dwelling house at the sign of ‘The Golden Angel’ in that street. Took as app. William Cooke, 1720–26. A pine side table and oval mirror en suite in the Court Room of the Foundling Hospital were made by a John Sanderson c.1745. [GL, Upholders’ Co. records; Heal; GL, Sun MS vol. 4, 7 October 1714; V&A archives]

Sanderson, John, Manchester, cm (1742). In 1742 took app. named Hardman. [S of G, app. index]

Sanderson, John, Alnwick, Northumb., cm (1757–76). In 1757 took app. named Atkinson and in 1761, Hunter. A ‘Saunderson, Alnwick’ is included in a list of furniture makers drawn up c.1776 by the Duchess of Northumberland. [S of G, app. index; Gilbert, Chippendale, p. 154]

Sanderson, John, Wood St, York, cm (1779–1818). Recorded in Wood St, 1784–87. His apps taking the freedom of the City included Thomas Kirlew (1779), James Rodwell of Leeds (1784), William Mariner (1790) and William Colbeck (1818). William Mariner is recorded as starting his apprenticeship in 1783, William Colbeck in 1787 and John Shores in 1781. [D; poll bk; freemen rolls; app. bk]

Sanderson, John, Liverpool, carver and gilder (1821–39). At 27 Clarence St in 1821; 12 Head St, 1827; 8 Pomona St, 1829; 111 Mount Pleasant 1834–35; 115 Mount Pleasant, 1837; and 22 Mount Pleasant in 1839. [D]

Sanderson, Joseph, Castlegate, Penrith, Cumb., chairmaker (1834). [D]

Sanderson, William, High-bridge, Newcastle, cm and joiner (1794–1804). On 14 June 1794 he announced the opening of his shop on High-bridge for the sale of cabinet goods. Items stocked included ‘Portobello Games Tables, Triamedam ditto. Ladies’ and Gentlemen's travelling Shoffaneers’. He is recorded in the cash books for Gibside, Co. Durham as the supplier of two mahogany trays for which he was paid £1 11s on 16 April 1804. [Newcastle Courant, 14 June 1794; Durham RO, D/St/V.999]

Sanderson & Gibson, 39 Wardour St, Soho, London, cm (1816). [D]

Sandford, Thomas, Shrewsbury, Salop, u (1752–59). In 1752 took app. named Kent, in 1756 Blakeway and in 1759 Laurance. [S of G, app. index]

Sandford, Thomas, 2 Dean St, Fetter Lane, London, cm (1803– 08). In June 1803 took out insurance cover for £300 of which £100 was for utensils and stock. [D; GL, Sun MS vol. 427, ref. 750019]

Sandford, Thomas, Wem, Salop, cm (1822). [D]

Sandford, William, Exeter, Devon cm (1816–25). At 33 Holloway St, 1816–19, 212 High St from February 1820 but by 1821 the number had changed to 209. His trade card [Johnson Coll., Bodleian Lib., Oxford] from the Holloway St address is illustrated with an engraving of the premises, a double-fronted shop with three storeys above labelled ‘Holloway House’. He declared himself to be an ‘Upholsterer, Cabinet & Chair Manufacturer, Carpet & London Paperhanging Warehouse’. He also performed funerals. He travelled regularly to London to select stock and typically in November 1821 advertised his stock of ‘Brussels, Persian and Kidderminster carpets and rugs, rich Moreens and London paper hangings selected by himself in London a few days since. He has also selected some of the newest and most tasteful designs in upholstery and cabinet furniture’. In 1819 he stated that one of his London suppliers of stock was W. & A. Copp. He also acted as agent for the sale and letting of property. His retirement was advertised in December 1825 and he disposed of the business to Henry Force. [D; Exeter Flying Post, 7 May 1818, 18 March 1819, 25 November 1819, 24 February 1820, 15 March 1821, 24 November 1825; Western Luminary, 9 March 1819, 20 July 1819, 29 February 1820; The Alfred, 20 November 1821, 27 September 1825, 6 December 1825]

Sandiford, H., 18 Colchester St, Savage Gdns, London, chairmaker (1809). [D]

Sandland, G. & J., Lincoln's Inn, London, cm (1806–09). At 15 Stone-cutter's Building, 1806–07, but by 1808 only James Sandilands appears to have been active in the business and he had moved his address to 15 Tate St. [D]

Sandilands, George, Tweedmouth, Northumb., cm, u, dealer and chapman (1770). In October 1770 his goods including furniture and timber were auctioned on bankruptcy. [Newcastle Courant, 6 October 1770]

Sandilands, James, 112 Wapping, London, cm and ship joiner (1802–08). [D]

Sandilands, James, Harrow, Middlx, cm (1839). [D]

Sandland, Robert, Ellesmere, Salop, cm (1779–98). In 1779 took out insurance cover of £300 of which £60 was for utensils and stock. [D; GL, Sun MS vol. 281, p. 1]

Sandland, Thomas, Wem, Salop, cm (1798). [D]

Sandland, William, Chester, cm (1784–1826). App. to Philip Presbury and free by servitude, 7 July 1784. At Bridge St, 1812–19 but in 1826 at Duke St. [Freemen rolls; poll bks]

Sandoe, Anthony, London, cm (1829–39). At 54 Southampton Row, Russell Sq. in 1829 but from 1837–39 the address was 24 King St, Holborn. In 1837 also trading as a fancy stationer. [D]

Sandorby(?), —, address unknown, cm (1801). Named in the Longford Castle, Wilts. archives receiving payment of 10s in 1801. [V&A archives]

Sandover, John, Fore St, Exeter, Devon, carver and gilder (1791). [D]

Sandrino, John Baptist, Liverpool, print seller, carver and gilder (1804–13). In 1804 at 21 Paradise St where he carried on the trade of print seller, looking-glass and picture frame manufacturer. In June of that year he advertised his return from London ‘with a choice assortment of English & Foreign Prints, Drawings, Medallions, & Fancy Gold & Coloured Papers of the newest patterns, Drawing Paper etc.’. In February 1805 he announced an impending change of addresses and the consequent selling off of his stock in trade. This included ‘an assortment of elegant Pictures, framed & glazed, by eminent masters, Pier Looking Glasses, mahogany box & swing Glasses, Weather Glasses, Prints, Drawings etc: A quantity of Cambric & book Muslin, Flannels, Swansdown & toilenet waistcoating, silk & cotton Handkerchiefs, with some Plate & kitchen requisites’. By early March he was installed in his new premises at 45 Lord St where he stocked a wide range of prints, artists’ materials and fancy goods, and continued to offer a service framing and glazing prints and needlework. In September 1805 he married Miss Disley of Croxteth at St Anne's Church. On 9 August 1811 however he advertised that he was selling off his stock in trade as he was ‘declining retail business’. By this date he was also including amongst his stock telescopes, barometers and thermometers. A sale of his household furniture followed later in the same month. He does not appear to have entirely given up the business however, for in 1813 he is shown trading as a print seller, carver and gilder from 36 High St, Edge Hill with a shop behind 62 Lord St. From 1804–11 he advertised his name as B. Sandrino and it is only from 1811 that J. B. Sandrino was used. [D; Liverpool Chronicle, 6 June 1804; 27 February, 6 March and 18 September 1805; 27 May 1807; Liverpool Mercury, 9 and 23 August 1811; 2 October 1811]

Sands, Benjamin, Nottingham, joiner and cm (1783). [Freemen rolls]

Sands, David, Soho, London, upholder and cm (1749–84). At Dean St in 1749 but by 1774 in Greek St. [Westminster poll bks; Heal]

Sands, David, Gt Russell St, Bloomsbury, London, upholder (1782–94). At 12 Gt Russell St in 1782 when insurance cover of £700 was taken out. In 1789 shown at 115 Gt Russell St. [D; GL, Sun MS vol. 301, p. 106]

Sands, John, Hull, Yorks., chairmaker (1826–40). At 7 Waterhouse Lane, 1826–31, 7 Davis St, 1838–40 and Little Albion St in 1839. Described as a fancy chairmaker in 1840. [D]

Sandwell, Henry, London, upholder (1730–46). Son of Hartley Sandwell of Ratcliffe, Bucks., Gent. and brother of Joseph Sandwell. App. to George Tarry on 1 April 1730 and free of the Upholders’ Co. by servitude, 5 October 1737. Took as app. his brother Joseph Sandwell, 1740–46. [GL, Upholders’ Co. records]

Sandwell, Joseph, London, upholder (1740–48). Son of Hartley Sandwell of Ratcliffe, Bucks., Gent. and brother of Henry Sandwell to whom he was app. on 1 October 1740. On 3 July 1746 he was transferred to William Milward and was free of the Upholders’ Co. by servitude, 15 July 1748. [GL, Upholders’ Co. records]

Sandwick, Robert, Lancaster, cm (1837). Described in the will of Thomas Walton as his nephew. [Preston RO, DDX 1122]

Sandwick, William, Lancaster, cm (1829–38). Step-son of James Taylor of Lancaster and app. to John Battersby on 1 June 1829. Free 28 October 1837. Nephew of Thomas Walton and mentioned in his will of 1837. Named in the Gillow records, 1836–38. [Preston RO, DDX 1122, app. reg.; freemen rolls; Westminster Ref. Lib., Gillow]

Sandy, Samuel, Bath St, City Rd, London, cm (1821). On 18 July 1821 took out insurance cover of £400 which included £20 for his tools in the workshop of Messrs Seddons of Aldersgate. [GL, Sun MS vol. 484, ref. 981620]

Sandys, Charles, London(?), picture frame maker (1771). In 1771 submitted an account for £1 15s 6d to Sir John Griffin Griffin of Audley End, Essex for ‘1 H^f Length Picture made into a whole length w^th Compass Head frame & Poerter^ge to Bishopsgate’. [Essex RO, D/DBy/A29/10]

Sandys, Martin, York, u (1727–33). Of Myton, Yorks. App. to George Reynoldson of York on 5 April 1727 and free 1733. [App. bk; freemen rolls]

Sandys, William, Bambers Ct, Watkinson St, Liverpool, cm (1790–96). [D]

Sandys, Windsor, London, upholder (1712–27). In 1712 took out insurance cover on a house in Watling St valued at £300 and nine other properties. By 1722 when he was nominated for the office of Sheriff he was living in Hoxton Sq. and continued at this address until at least 1727. [GL, Hand in Hand MS vol. 10, 5 September 1712; Heal]

Saner, Elias Christopher, 34 Water Works St, Hull, Yorks., cm and u (1834–40). A directory of 1835 gives the christian name as Edward but this may be an error. [D]

Sanford, Abel, London, upholder (1709). Free of the Upholders’ Co. 2 November 1709. [GL, Upholders’ Co. records]

Sanford, John, Exeter, Devon, upholder (1713). In 1713 took app. named Lee. [S of G, app. index]

Sangar, Benjamin, St Augustine's Back, Bristol, cm, u and undertaker (1813–30). From 1816–28 the business is shown as a partnership of Benjamin & James Sanger and from 1821 the number is shown as 13 St Augustine's Back. A directory of 1822 however lists the partners at 33 College Green as Sangars & Co. for this year only. After 1830 the business appears to have been in the sole charge of James B. Sangar, whilst Benjamin Sangar in this year is listed at Exchange Buildings near the Post Office as an auctioneer, and house and estate agent. [D]

Sangar, James B., 13 St Augustine's Parade, Bristol, cm, u and undertaker (1830–40). Partner with Benjamin Sangar in the same trade from 1816–29 at St Augustine's Back (same address). He took sole control in 1830. [D]

Sansbury, Amos, Calthorp, Banbury, Berks., upholder (1683). [Oxford RO, Misc. SU LUI/7]

Sansby, Richard, Hull, Yorks., carver and gilder (1803–40). At 23 Savile St, 1803–26 but from 1831–40 at 10 Grimston St. [D]

Sansby, Robert, 10 Grimston St, Hull, Yorks., carver and gilder (1837). [D]

Sansom, Henry, Church St, Bilston, Staffs., cm (1818–22). [D]

Sansom, Richard, Stockwellgate, Mansfield, Notts., chairmaker (1828–40). [D]

Sansom, Thomas, Rose Ct, Mansfield, Notts., chairmaker (1832–40). By 1835 at Church St. [D]

Sansom, William, Warsop, Notts., chairmaker (1832). [D]

Sant, Aaron, New St, Burslem, Staffs., cm and chairmaker (1818–22). [D]

Santley, Joseph, Liverpool and Bolton, Lancs., u (1828). In 1828 married at Bolton Susannah, daughter of John Grime of that town. Described as ‘late of Liverpool’. [Liverpool Mercury, 14 March 1828]

Santley, Thomas, Liverpool and Birmingham, cm (d.1817). Death on 21 October 1817 at Birmingham ‘after a long illness’ reported in Liverpool Mercury, 31 October. Described as ‘late of Liverpool’.

Santon, Vincent, Market Pl., Bedale, Yorks., joiner/cm (1834). [D]

Sapp, Robert, London, u (1715–39). Son of Edward Sapp of Chelsea College. App. to Joseph Hudson on 6 April 1715 and free of the Upholders’ Co. by servitude, 3 February 1724/25. In 1739 supplied furniture, window curtains and carpets to the new Treasury building in Whitehall which was completed 1734–37. Sapp's account dated 28 June 1739 included items for the room of the Secretary to the Treasury who was at this time Stephen Fox (created Earl of Ilchester in 1756). These consisted of a large mahogany writing table at £4 4s, ‘a mahogany desk of curious wood’ at £5 10s, six walnut chairs ‘with compass backs’ and matching elbow chairs covered in Spanish leather £22 13s, and three mahogany cupboards ‘with compass fronts’ at £4 14s 6d. Alterations and additions to a table in the boardroom added £5 15s 6d. None of the furniture at present in the Treasury corresponds to this account. [GL, Upholders’ Co. records; DEF]

Sapwith, Thomas, Newcastle, cm (1803). Subscribed to Sheraton's Cabinet Dictionary, 1803.

Sarbearin, C., 39 Paul St, Finsbury, London, cm (1813). [D]

Sarell, William, Exeter, Devon, cm (1772). On 20 March 1772 published a public apology for assaulting John Salisbury on condition that the latter withdrew from prosecuting him. [Exeter Flying Post, 20 March 1772]

Sargeant, Jacob, Market Pl., Trowbridge, Wilts., u (1839). [D]

Sargent, A., 22 Friday St, Cheapside, London, looking-glass manufacturer (1800–01). [D]

Sargent, George, Battle, Sussex, u, cm and undertaker (1823– 40). [D]

Sargent, John, 104 Bishopsgate Within, London, cm (1778). In 1778 took out insurance cover of £400 of which utensils and stock accounted for £300. [GL, Sun MS vol. 264, p. 321]

Sargood, Joseph, 17 St Ann's Ct, Soho, London, picture and looking-glass frame maker (1839). [D]

Sarjeant, George, Bishopsgate St, London, u (1779). [Bailey's list of bankrupts]

Sarjeant, John, Etruria, Hanley, Staffs., cm (1834). [D]

Sarratt, Samuel, Lancaster (1800). Named in the Gillow records in connection with the making of tables. [Westminster Ref. Lib., Gillow vol. 344/98, pp. 1545, 1560]

Sarratt, Samuel, Chester, cm and chairmaker (1816–40). At Northgate St, 1816–37 but by 1840 in Watergate Back Row. [D]

Sartain, John Frederick, 5 Charles St, Bristol, cm (1828). [D]

Sartorio, John, 60 Cable St, Liverpool, carver and gilder (1807). [D]

Sarvas, Abraham, 7 Sloane Sq., Chelsea, London, cm and u (1826). [D]

Sarvis, A. W., 174 Sloane St, Chelsea, London, u and appraiser (1820–26). [D]

Sassi, Peter, Wallgate, Wigan, Lancs., carver and gilder (1834). [D]

Satchell, John, Fore St, Exeter, Devon, cm (1838). Daughter bapt. at St George's on 25 December 1838. [PR (bapt.)]

Satterthwaite, Charles, 4 Beech St, Barbican, London, cm (1809). [D]

Satterthwaite, Robert, Lancaster, u (1823–24). [Freemen rolls]

Saul, David, Watergate, Carlisle, Cumb., joiner/cm (1828–29). [D]

Saul, Edward & Co., Liverpool, cm (1774–90). Traded at South Side, South Dock but this address is also rendered as 30 Cornhill. In October 1789 announced that he was giving up the cm side of the business and acting from then on as a glass and timber merchant. His stock in trade of the cabinet side was sold off and consisted of ‘Pier & Dressing GLASSES, Mahogany PLANK & BOARD, OAK, MAPLE, & DEAL with a large quantity of choice VINNEARS … Benches, Chests of Tools’. He still advertised his ability to supply ‘Jamaica, Spanish & Honduras Mahogany in Logs, Planks & Boards, Birch, Beach & Maple Timber, with a quantity of Bed Posts, Sides & Ends’ as part of his continuing trade. [D; Williamson's Liverpool Advertiser, 26 October 1789]

Saul, John, Ipswich, Suffolk, chairmaker (1762). In 1762 took app. named Adams. [S of G, app. index]

Saul, John, 35 Berwick St, Soho, London, cm and u (1839). [D]

Saul, Michael, 58 South Molton St, Oxford St, London, cm and u (1820–35). Loudon's Encyclopaedia, 1833 (pp. 652–54) features a combined bookcase, writing desk and clock which may possibly have been designed by this maker. [D]

Saul, Robert, Gt Shaw St, Preston, Lancs., joiner and cm (1814–25). [D]

Saul, W., Belvedere Buildings, Southwark, London, bedstead maker (1835). [D]

Sault, Joseph, Newcastle-under-Lyme, Staffs., chairmaker (1818–37). In 1818 at King St, Nelson Pl. but in 1832 was living in Bagnall St. [D; poll bks]

Sault, Richard, Market Lane, Newcastle-under-Lyme, Staffs., chairmaker (1818). [D]

Saunders, —, 158 Aldersgate St, London, cm. Heal records this maker but with no date or source.

Saunders, —, Cateaton St, London, u (1749). Supplied catalogues for the sale of goods of Joseph Atherton to take place from 3 April. [General Advertiser, 21 March 1749] Possibly Abraham Saunders.

Saunders, Mr, address unknown, cm and u (1775). Subscribed to Thomas Malton's Complete Treatise on Perspective, 1775.

Saunders, —, New St, Cloth Fair, London, cm (1763). [D]

Saunders, —, Faversham, Kent, cm (1803). [D] Possibly James Saunders of Faversham.

Saunders, Abraham, Cateaton St, London, freeman skinner, by trade an u (1762). Employed three non-freemen for three months in 1762. [GL, City Licence bks, vol. 3] Possibly Saunders, — of Cateaton St.

Saunders, Alfred, St Mary St, Bridgwater, Som., cm and u (1839–40). [D]

Saunders, Ann, upholder (1775). See John Bracken.

Saunders, Edward, St Giles, Oxford, cm (1802). [Poll bk]

Saunders, Edward, Brighton, Sussex, Tunbridge-ware and toy manufacturer and dealer (1839). One directory gives address at 14 Cheltenham Pl., another at 26 New Rd. [D]

Saunders, Elizabeth, address unknown, upholder (1712). Admitted freeman of the Upholders’ Co. on 1 October 1712. [GL, Upholders’ Co. records]

Saunders, Henry, ‘The White Bull’, Bradpole, near Bridport, Dorset, victualler and cm (1791). Took out a Sun Insurance policy on 27 October 1791 for £200 of which £80 accounted for utensils and stock. [GL, Sun MS vol. 381, p. 249]

Saunders, Hugh, see Paul Saunders.

Saunders, J., 16 Duke St, St James, London, u (1820). [D]

Saunders, J., Church St, Sidmouth, Devon, cm (1838). [D]

Saunders, James, 175 Bermondsey St, London, cm, broker and chandler (1778). Took out a Sun Insurance policy in 1778 for £200 of which utensils and stock accounted for £100. [GL, Sun MS vol. 263, p. 584]

Saunders, James, Reading, Berks., cm (1782). [Poll bk]

Saunders, James, Faversham, Kent, cm (1811–24). Trading at Preston St, 1823–24. [D] Possibly Saunders, — of Faversham.

Saunders, James, 10 Gt Castle St, Oxford Mkt, London, carver and gilder (1819–25). [D] See Thomas and William Saunders at this address.

Saunders, John, 9 Poland St, London, upholder and broker (1783). Took out a Sun Insurance policy in 1783 for £500 of which £20 accounted for utensils and stock. [GL, Sun MS vol. 319, p. 74]

Saunders, John, 49 Castle St East, London, cm and upholder (1820–35). [D]

Saunders, John, 7 Joanna St, Lambeth, London, chairmaker (1826). [Maldon poll bk]

Saunders, John, Brighton, Sussex, cm, u and joiner (1827–41). John Saunders appears to have continued the family's general upholstery work at Brighton Pavilion after the death of his father, Thomas Saunders, c.1826. The Royal Household accounts, 1827–31, detail his regular employment for ‘frequent and sundry jobbing’, cleaning, repairing furniture, upholstery work and also providing blinds and carpets. Items supplied included ‘2 fancy chairs’ costing £2 12s on 5 April 1831. His position at the Royal Pavilion appears greatly enhanced after the accession of William IV, and considerable furniture was provided both for their Majesties’ rooms and for household and staff apartments.

In 1830–31 lengthy bills cover the furnishing and refurbishing of the stable quarters, HRH Princess Augusta's house, a house at 14 Castle Sq. being prepared for the footman, and new rooms for the cellarman. Furniture supplied included half-tester bedsteads, tent bedsteads, ‘chests of Common Draws’, washhand stands, Pembroke tables, dining tables, cheval glasses, pillar and claw tables and writing tables, totalling £910 in the quarter to April 1831. John Saunders's bill in October 1830 read: ‘Preparing for their Majesties the Pavilion & House, uncovering rooms, throughout cleaning, dusting, repairing Furniture, beating Carpets, preparing the Chapel. Furnishing 2 houses for their Majesties’ servants, putting up additional Beds, Window Curtains, Blinds, and putting down Carpets … attendance in rooms, cleaning and dusting everyday to the rooms occupied by their Majesties and Sundry jobbing.’ Saunders's bill totalled £1,784 16s 1d. In January 1831 Saunders provided a coffin, mourning clothes, hearse, ‘best velvet cloth’ and ‘cambrai sheet’ for the funeral of Mr Robinson, last Page to His Majesty, and in the same month he was paid £50 as allowances performed by Mr Saunders as ‘Tapissier’ for the past quarter.

On 29 September 1832 Saunders supplied to the Royal Pavilion ‘5 doz. stained rush-bottomed chairs’ at £6 10s, two mahogany dining table tops at £9 18s and ‘6 deal dressing tables’, £12 8s. Extensive estimates were submitted by John Saunders in September 1834 and items included Ottomans, sofas, settees, elbow chairs and firescreens for the Music Room Gallery, and six chairs, ‘cane seats & backs, japanned black & gold in imitation of bamboo’ for the Music Room. The bills for regular work continued after Victoria's accession, and, in fact, until the Pavilion was sold and finally dismantled in 1848. In 1839 Saunders was still supplying the Pavilion with high quality furniture including, on 11 December, ‘2 Grecian stool Back Chairs with caned seats’ and ‘6 Large elbow chairs bamboo Patterns with cane seats & Backs — with back & seat cushions covered in Morocco.’ [PRO, LC11/56–77, 11/95–98; RA, item 17, box 1 (estimates); RA, box 1, item 2; Joy, English Furniture, 1800– 1851] N.N.T.

Saunders, John, Spa Lane, Retford, Notts., cm and casemaker (1832). [D]

Saunders, John, Ashburton, Devon, carver and gilder (1836). Marriage to Miss Tarr on 15 November 1836 reported in Exeter Flying Post, 17 November.

Saunders, John, High Wycombe, Bucks., chairmaker (1836). Son bapt. in 1836. [PR (bapt.)]

Saunders, Jos., near Hillingdon Gate, Uxbridge, Middlx, Windsor chairmaker (1832). [D]

Saunders, Joseph, Southwark, London, upholder and cm (1772–1802). Recorded at 42 Borough High St, 1782–96 and also at no. 112, 1790–96. Son of Joseph Saunders and app. to Benjamin Soundy. Admitted freeman of the Upholders’ Co. by servitude on 7 October 1772. [D; GL, Upholders’ Co. records]

Saunders, Paul, Soho Sq., London, upholder (b. 1722–d.1771), succeeded by Saunders, Hugh & Bracken, John, upholders (1774–94). Paul Saunders was a major London u of the 1750s and 1760s supplying the important upper strata of London and country house clients as well as holding the position of Tapestry Maker to His Majesty George III. After Saunders's death in 1771, his firm carried on until 1794 from his last premises in Charlotte (now Bloomsbury) St with his eldest son, Hugh and his clerk, John Bracken forming a partnership.

Paul Saunders, the son of John Saunders, citizen and skinner of London, and his wife Sarah, was christened on 27 January 1722 at St Martin-in-the-Fields. His career began on 7 November 1738 when he was app. for seven years to Michael Bradshaw, citizen and upholder of London. However, a second confusing entry in the records of the Upholders’ Co. states that Saunders ‘doth put himself apprentice to Richard Bradshaw, Citizen and Upholder, from the date dated the 7th day of December, 1738 …’ and a sum of £30 is listed for the Master. Michael and/or Richard are most likely to have been related to William and George Smith Bradshaw with whom Saunders was later to be associated. In 1747 Paul Saunders polled at Hartshorne Lane, Westminster (now Northumberland St), where he insured his household goods, utensils and stock for £500 on 3 March 1749. [GL, Sun MS vol. 89, p. 255] By 1 July 1750 the Sun Insurance policy lists Saunders's address as ‘near Slaughter's Coffee house in St Martin-in-the-Fields’ and insures household goods and stock for £1,000. [GL, MS Sun vol. 93, p. 271] On 5 December 1751 he was admitted freeman of the Upholders’ Co. by servitude, at which time he took his first app. for the sizeable consideration of £60. At about this time, Saunders and George Smith Bradshaw seem to have formed a partnership, probably using the premises of George's relative, William Bradshaw (a possible third member of the partnership), whom they succeeded as rate-payers at 59 Greek St as noted in the 1755 rate bks for St Anne, Soho.

Carlisle House on the east side of Soho Sq. was leased by Saunders and George Smith Bradshaw, described as ‘upholsterers of Greek Street’, in May 1753. This property extended eastward from the Square along Sutton St and included coach house and stables in Hog Lane (now Charing Cross Rd) where workshops were established in 1754. A notice in Public Advertiser, 6 February 1755 gives an idea of the size of the workforce: ‘The late unhappy Fire at the Workshop of Mess. Smyth, Bradshaw & Saunders [sic], Upholders & Cabinetmakers, Soho, having not only consumed the same, but also the Chests & Working tools of thirty-seven journeymen there employed …’. Later in the same year the 2nd Duke of Portland, as ground landlord, granted the partners a reversionary lease of Carlisle House until 1853– the usual fine being remitted as ‘His Grace's regard for their loss by the late fire’. [Notts. Univ lib., Portland MS, Soho lease bk] Saunders and Bradshaw announced the dissolution of their partnership in London Gazette, 26–30 October 1756: ‘Business will continue to be carried on as usual, by Mr. Bradshaw in Greek Street, Soho, and by Mr. Saunders in Soho Square, the Corner of Sutton Street.’ Already on 19 October 1756 Saunders had insured the utensils, goods and stock in workshops and warehouses on these premises for £3,000. [GL, Sun MS vol. 117, p. 410]

The British Chronicle, 30 September 1757 announced that ‘Mr. Paul Saunders of Sutton Street, Soho is appointed Tapestry Maker to His Majesty and on Thursday was sworn into office’ — thus succeeding John Ellys as Yeoman Arrasworker to the Great Wardrobe. Saunders and Bradshaw's partnership had already been engaged in supplying tapestries to Holkham and Petworth, continuing William Bradshaw's established position in this field, although as was typical of most Soho Tapestry makers, the partners were primarily u and cm. The dominant role in the tapestry side of the business seems to have been assumed by Saunders who rose to a position of prominence as a tapestry worker. Known for depictions of Oriental-style landscapes with soft trees and picturesque ruins, his most famous design is ‘The Pilgrimage to Mecca’ — of which examples survive at Alnwick Castle, Petworth and Holkham. In May 1761 Saunders received a second appointment in the Great Wardrobe as Yeoman Tapestry Taylor, thereafter holding the two positions concurrently until his death in 1771. Both appointments were chiefly concerned with repairing and cleaning royal tapestries, but new hangings were also supplied, and his connections with the Great Wardrobe were undoubtedly partially responsible for the entry referring to Paul Saunders, undertaker, being paid for the funeral of the Duke of Cumberland in 1765. [PRO, LC9/293] His second appointment coincided with Saunders's removal from the premises which he apparently called ‘The Royal Tapestry Manufactury, Soho Square’ to the house in Gt Queen St, Lincoln's Inn Fields, formerly occupied by John Vanderbank and John Ellys, and the site of the Great Wardrobe tapestry workshops until 1742.

Carlisle House was leased in April 1760 to Mrs Theresa Cornelys, to whom in May 1761, Paul Saunders's assignees sold the lease of the entire site including the workshops on Sutton and Hog Streets. Samuel Norman, carver and gilder signed an agreement in June 1760 with Saunders enabling him to take over the ‘Royal Tapestry Manufactury’, Sutton St, whose premises consisted of: ‘dwelling house with an apprentices’ room; extensive workshops which included tapestry, cabinet-making, upholstery, feather and carpet shops; a gilding shop and a silvering room; a counting house; a timber shed and a ‘little drying yard’. [PRO, LC12 1518/16, PRO, C 12 2062/2] Norman also agreed to buy the unwrought stock in trade valued at £2,270 19s 10d by Messrs Hyde, Smith and Evatt, whose detailed list provides a highly important insight into the contents of an 18th-century furniture maker's workshop and tells us that Saunders had ‘32 cabinet-makers’ benches’, Unwrought wood valued at £800 (three-quarters of the investment in mahogany), utility hardware valued at almost £100, and forty-six pounds of seasoned down in addition to 480 pounds of feathers’. An elaborate contract outlined the sharing of cabinet, upholstery and funeral orders for a year from June 1760, during which time Norman would supply Saunders with goods needed at trade prices. On 1 July 1760 Paul Saunders, using a Dean St address (where presumably he had temporary premises), had taken out a Sun Insurance policy on utensils, stock, goods in trust (glass excluded) in workshop and warehouse next to Samuel Norman cm in Sutton St, Soho Sq., £2,000. [GL, Sun MS vol. 132, p. 375] A year later a similar policy of Saunders's insured the contents of Samuel Norman's workshops and warehouses in Sutton St, Soho for £1,000. [GL, MS Sun vol. 136, p. 600] Problems developed over Norman's repayment of his debt to Saunders, and in 1762 the Trustees of Paul Saunders filed a suit in the Court of Common Pleas which Norman answered with a Chancery bill against Saunders in 1764. [PRO, C.12, 2062/2]

Throughout his career, Paul Saunders seems to have had a clientèle of extremely important stature — perhaps beginning with early contacts made in William Bradshaw's workshops. The Petworth archives contain a Saunders's letter of September 1748 demonstrating both a high degree of literacy and a familiarity with Petworth and the Duke's health. Although the major identifiable commissions of Saunders (Petworth, Holkham and Uppark) concern tapestry, upholstered seat furniture and bed fittings, the prepared 1760 inventory of his stock-in-trade lists many standard cabinetmaker's items. In connection with Norman versus Saunders [PRO, C.12, 2062/2], an impressive schedule of Saunders's prestigious patrons (i.e. the Duke of Cumberland, the Duke of Norfolk, the Duke of Northumberland, the Earl of Scarborough, Viscount Irwin, Sir Orlando Bridgeman, etc.) and their accounts at the time of Norman's takeover of the Sutton St premises was drawn up.

Paul Saunders took six apps between 1751 and 1770, the first William Davis for a consideration of £60 when he became a freeman in 1751; following on with Thomas Russell in 1755 (£63); Mo. Dignam in 1758 (£50); William Hodgson, 1764 (£100); his son Hugh in 1767; and Charles Elliot for no consideration except orphan duty in 1770. In 1760 the Duke of Bedford called in Paul Saunders and Thomas Woodin to value the ‘large glass’ in the Blue Drawing Room at Woburn — apparently their valuation was in agreement with Norman's bill. Saunders joined John Trotter in making an inventory of the furniture in the Earl of Guilford's Grosvenor Sq. house in March 1767 for a proposed sale to Lord Sondes, another patron. Saunders's standing in London is shown by his membership in the Royal Society of Arts and his wideranging interests by his subscription to Chippendale's Director, 1754, and to James Paine's Noblemen's and Gentlemen's Seats, 1767. By 1770 he had become a member of the Court of Assistants of the Upholders’ Co.

A front-page advertisement in Public Advertiser, 28 January 1768 announced Paul Saunders's removal from Lincoln's Inn Field (as the lease had expired on the Gt Queen St property) to a large house on the corner of Charlotte (now Bloomsbury) and Streatham Streets, near Gt Russell St. Saunders probably died in June or July 1771; his will dated 23 April 1770 [PRO, Prob. 11, Trevor 369] was proved on 28 August 1771 and included the following important provisions: ‘to John Bracken £100 if living with me either as a clerk or partner’ whilst ‘the lease of the said dwelling House, workshops, warehouses and premises’ were left in trust to his wife Ann Saunders, his eldest son Hugh, and his ‘worthy friend’ Theodosius Forest … my children Hugh, John and Mary … as then under twenty-one or unmarried’. The executors were Ann and Hugh Saunders.

A Sun Insurance policy of 24 June 1761 to Paul Saunders, ‘Cabinet maker, Upholder & Tapestry Worker at the corner of Charlotte and Streatham Streets, Bloomsbury’ lists ‘household goods in dwelling, £250; utensils above goods in trust, workshops and warehouse, £1500; glass theirein, £200; stock of timber in timber yard behind, £250’ — for a total of £2,200. [GL, Sun MS vol. 206, p. 325] A second policy dated 21 July 1771 covered ‘utensils, stock goods in trust in warehouse at the corner of Dyot [sic] Street — £500’. [Ibid., vol. 206, p. 523] The Dyott St warehouse would have been behind the workshops at 2 and 4 Streatham St which adjoined the house facing onto Charlotte St. These policies show the value of Saunders's business at the time of his death to have been very similar to that in 1760 when his premises were sold to Samuel Norman. ‘Paul Saunders, Upholder’, appears as a yearly entry in London trade directories from 1759 until 1774 when the partnership of Saunders & Bracken is first listed.

Hugh Richard Francis, son of Paul and Ann Saunders, was christened in St Martin-in-the-Fields on 30 January 1752, and was app. to his father ‘of Great Ivershot, Lincoln's Inn Fields on 2 April 1767 for the Consideration of love and affection’. Hugh received payment from the Duke of Bedford on his father's behalf in November 1769, and after his father's death in 1771, he and his mother issued the firm's bills in the name of the ‘Executors of the late Paul Saunders’. At the beginning of 1773, the firm of Saunders & Bracken was formed, the reorganisation coinciding with Hugh Saunders's reaching his majority and with his admission as freeman of the Upholders’ Co. by patrimony on 7 April 1773. A Bedford Office lease of 11 February 1773 shows Ann Saunders and her son Paul, the younger [sic], taking a lease of a coach-house, stable and warehouse on the north side of Streatham St west, and east side of Dyott St. The Mr Saunders who subscribed to Thomas Malton's Compleat Treatise of Perspective, 1775 is most likely Hugh.

The firm of Saunders & Bracken, upholders at Charlotte St, Bloomsbury, was listed annually from 1774 to 1794 in local directories. Little is known of John Bracken: in Paul Saunders's will he is mentioned as clerk and seems to be a likely future partner. In 1775, the Sun Insurance policy on the work premises was in the name of Ann Saunders and John Bracken. The existing bills of the firm seem to indicate that cabinet making was at least as important to the livelihood of Saunders and Bracken as was upholstery — unlike the emphasis of Paul Saunders's commissions. Nothing is known of the date of the death of either man or of the firm's ceasing to do business. [Heal; GCM; DEF; DEF W. G. Thompson, A History of Tapestry, 1910, p. 159; M. Harris & Son, Old English Furniture, p. 27; Survey of London, vol. XXXIV, parish of St Anne Soho, London, 1966. Appendix I, pp. 518–20; A. Coleridge, Chippendale Furniture; Gilbert, Chippendale; H. Hayward and P. Kirkham, Linnell]
MANSION HOUSE, London. 1752–53: Employed in the furnishing of the newly-completed Mansion House, 1752–53. [Conn., December 1952, p. 181]
HOLDERNESS HOUSE, London [Earl of Holderness). 1754–58: Large payments to Paul Saunders for work at Holderness (later Londonderry) House, Old Park Lane: 1754, £500; 1757, £300 and £497, 1758, £315 15s. [BL, vol. CLXXIV, Egerton MS 3497; YAS, Duke of Leeds papers]
HOLKHAM HALL, Norfolk (1st Earl of Leicester). 1755–58: Considerable furniture, tapestry, upholstery fabric and bed furniture supplied to nearly-completed Hall. Furniture delivered in 1757 included ‘10 elbow chairs with carved & gilt frames and covered with blue Turkey leather — £74.0.4; 2 large sophas, £41.18; do. 12 chairs mahogany frames gilt & stuffed, £39.10.3’ — much of this suite still survives in the Sculpture Gallery and Octagon. Saunders provided a ‘Model of ye state bed — £13.2.0’, bed furniture for the state bed and is felt to have been responsible for the completed state bed and the Canopy of State. ‘Tapestries for ye state Bedchamber — £54.5.0’ included the well-known ‘Pilgrimage to Mecca’ tapestry signed ‘Paul Saunders of Soho’. [Apollo, February 1964, pp. 122–23, 126, figs 1 and 2; Apollo, October 1974, p. 299, footnote 34; Burlington, December 1975; C. Life, 11 February 1980, pp. 427–31]
CLEVELAND HOUSE, London. 1756–60: Raby Castle archives show that Saunders was employed as an u between 1756 and 1760.
PETWORTH HOUSE, Sussex (Duke of Somerset and the Earl and Countess of Egremont). 1748–67; A 1748 letter in the Petworth archives shows Saunders's familiarity with Petworth and its Duke. In 1759 he was paid £111 for unexplained work; then over the next three years, £400 for tapestries. A bill sent after the 1763 death of the second Earl details ‘14 French Elbow Chairs, the frames richly carved & gilt — £70; 2 Sofas in every respect to match the Chairs — £32; 8 smaller French Elbow Chairs — £40 & 2 Settees to match them — £23.10.0’. [PHA, 6613–6624] Armchairs of both sizes fitting the description survive in the Carved Room and are of advanced French construction with central struts behind the backs, and arm-pads screwed on from below, showing the influence of Parisian meneusiers. A 1767 bill is chiefly devoted to reupholstery and restuffing, but charges for a ‘carved claw’ which is probably the gilt firescreen with a tapestry panel of a parrot. [PHA, 6613–6624; Apollo, May 1977, pp. 364–65, fig. 22; C. Life, 14 June 1984; Nat. Trust Guide to Petworth, 1981, p. 19]
STOWE HOUSE, Bucks. (Earl Temple). 1760: ‘Paid Mr Saunders upholsterer's bill £28’. [Huntington Lib., California, Stowe MS, T3 LL3/2]
UPPARK, Sussex (Sir Matthew Fetherstonhaugh). 1761: On 20 March 1761 Sir Matthew's account bks record £33 0s 6d ‘for Tapestry to Mr. Saunders in full’. This entry almost certainly referred to the tapestry coverings on a set of eight gilded open armchairs now in the Saloon, and it seems likely that Saunders also supplied the frames. [Conn., November 1967, pp. 162–63, fig. 10]
WOBURN ABBEY, Beds. and BEDFORD HOUSE, London (4th Duke of Bedford until 1771; Gertrude, Executor & Dowager Duchess, 1771–83). 1765–1771: Paul Saunders was paid £150 by John, 4th Duke of Bedford, in 1765 for carver's and cabinet maker's work — and from then until his death in mid 1771, Saunders worked regularly for the Duke, especially at Bedford House, Bloomsbury. From 1767, he presented his account every few months: for Bedford House — a rich carved compass sideboard frame with 4 legs & rail gilt in burnished gold for dining room’. — £19 0s … the quarterly bill to January 1770 totalling £188 0s 4d. Saunders's bill of December 1771 is marked ‘deceased.’ 1772–83. Two bills were presented in 1772 in the name of the ‘Executors of the late Paul Saunders’, followed in January 1773 by regular accounts from the firm of Saunders & Bracken which continue until 1783 when the bills at the Bedford Office cease. Throughout the Saunders & Bracken period, the Bedford estate was controlled by Gertrude, widow of the 4th Duke, during the minority of her grandson, Francis, and considerably less work was undertaken. However important items delivered in 1772 included: ‘a neat canopy with gadrooned cornice, carved middle and corners with pineapple at top — £4.15. & Hangings — £25.12.6’; ‘a mahogany double headed couch bed — £8.8.0.’ Between April 1778 and March 1780, furniture was ordered from Saunders & Bracken for the Dowager Duchess's niece, Miss Wriothesley, who lived with the Duchess. [Bedford Office, London]
AUDLEY END, Essex and BURLINGTON ST, London (Sir John Griffin Griffin). 1765–1772: Furniture, upholstery goods and fine tapestry supplied between February 1765 and June 1772. An account for upholstery goods and other furniture for Audley End and London in 1765–66 came to £177 18s 11d, and in addition, ‘58 Ells fine Tapestry in two Pieces work'd to your own Designs — £145.’ Furniture delivered during this period came to £138. [Essex RO, D/DBy/A24/6 and A/30/6, and account bks D/DBy/202–203]
BAGSHOT PARK, Surrey (Earl of Albemarle). 1769–71: The Bagshot Park account books have several small entries in 1769 and three payments of £50 in Michaelmas Quarter 1771 ‘to Paul Saunders, Upholsterer’. [Suffolk RO, HA67:461/443]
THORNDON HALL, Essex and SOUTH AUDLEY ST, London (the Hon. Mrs Howard, mother of Lady Petre). 1771–80: A series of bills from Saunders & Bracken ending in February 1780 concerned with sundry repairs, the supply of upholstery goods and furnture. The largest account (A 189/7) was for £49 3s 8d for bedhangers’ work, and included a detailed listing of removal work, repairs and alterations to curtains, carpets, and bedsteads. Furniture pieces were returned on account, and second-hand items as well as the quality cabinet work was supplied: ‘A Neat Mahg. Library Bookcase the upper Part with wire Doors green tammy Curtains…’. £12 12s. [Essex RO, D/DP A189/3, 6, 7, 8; A190] N.N.T.

Saunders, Paul & Trotter, John, address unknown, cm (1767). Signed inventory of furniture of the Earl of Guilford at his house in Grosvenor Sq., 14 March 1767. [V&A archives]

Saunders, Peter, Oxford, cm (1812). Recorded concerning the lease and release of property. [Oxford RO, MISC PRUI/9–10]

Saunders, Reuben, 4 Charles St, Brighton, Sussex, u (1822). [D]

Saunders, Richard, Mount St, London. Between 1815–23 supplied furniture for Col. Henry Knight of Tythegston Court, Glam. [C. Life, 5 October 1978, pp. 1024–29]

Saunders, Richard, Oxford St, London, carver and gilder (1819–39). Recorded at 48 Wells St, 1819–25 and 31 Foley St, 1826–39. [D]

Saunders, Samuel, Bridge St, Cambridge, cm (1792–1805). Possibly the ‘Sam Sanders’ who received payment, probably for joinery work, from Trinity College in 1792. Sale of his stock, household furniture, timber, benches, saw pit frame etc. advertised in Cambridge Chronicle and Journal, 6 July 1805. [D; Trinity College archives]

Saunders, Samuel, Fore St, Plymouth, Devon, carver and gilder (1822–38). Recorded at no. 101, 1822–30 and no. 22 in 1838. [D]

Saunders, Stephen, High St, Newport, Isle of Wight, Hants., cm and u (1823–30). [D]

Saunders, Thomas, Abingdon, Berks., u (1696). Acted as 6th party in a marriage settlement by way of a release after lease on property in Goring. [Oxford RO, Hen. I/i/8]

Saunders, Thomas, Briton (or Bruton) Mews, London, cm (1749). [Westminster poll bk]

Saunders, Thomas, 11 High St, Sheffield, Yorks., feather merchant, broker and u (1797). [D]

Saunders, Thomas, St Peter's-in-the-East, Oxford, u (1802). Recorded as not voting, Oxford poll 1802.

Saunders, Thomas, 10 Gt Castle St, Oxford Mkt, London, carver and gilder (1817). [D] See James and William Saunders at this address.

Saunders, Thomas, Brighton, Sussex, u (1821–26). Thomas Saunders and his son, John, who continued the family's business through the 1830s, were the upholsterers regularly employed at the Pavilion in Brighton between 1820 and 1840. In this capacity, they were responsible for general jobbing, cleaning, repairing, ‘putting-up and taking-down’, as well as the supply of routine household items.

Thomas Saunders is almost certainly the Saunders of Saunders & Colbron, upholders (or Upholdsterers — sic) listed in the Brighton accounts of the Prince Regent for the years 1816–19, in connection with the hire of miscellaneous items of furniture, beds, bedding, chests of drawers, Pembroke tables, chairs, etc. Small upholstery goods, hooks, ribbons, blind lines, tacks, etc., were also supplied. [PRO, LC11/21–24–27] Earlier, the firm Colbron & Co., Brighton upholsterers, had appeared regularly in the Pavilion accounts between July 1801 and January 1804. [Windsor RA 88883 — RA 88919]

Thomas Saunders's name appears in the Brighton accounts for 1821–22 providing upholstery and furniture for the King's Room. [PRO, LC11/33–35] Quarterly entries cover most of the period from late 1823 to 1826 — addressed to Messrs T. & J. Saunders in March 1824, and later to Thos. Saunders & Son. After 1825, they style themselves upholsterers and cabinet-makers. Many of their entries are notated: ‘under the superintendence of Mr. Henry Saunders’, a person probably related who appears to have been in charge of the accounts at Brighton Pavilion. [Windsor RA 35573, RA 35583, RA 35607 and PRO, LC11/41–47] In the bills listed, no furniture is detailed, but the firm-supplied wood framed covers for furniture, oil cloths, billiard covers, etc.

N.N.T.

Saunders, Thomas, 7 Riding House Lane, Gt Portland St, London, carver and gilder (1835–39). [D]

Saunders, Thomas, Salisbury St, Blandford, Dorset, cm (1840). [D]

Saunders, William, London, turner and gilder (1780–1808). Trading at 10 Charterhouse Lane, 1780–82, 23 Charterhouse Lane, 1783–87 and 10 Gt Castle St, 1792–1808. Took out a Sun Insurance policy on 10 July 1792 for £600 of which £300 accounted for utensils, stock and goods. [D; GL, Sun MS vol. 389, ref. 602654] See James and Thomas Saunders at 10 Gt Castle St. Possibly:

Saunders, William, Cavendish Sq., London, frame maker (1797). Received £6 5s 6d in payment for ‘a half whole length frame for the portrait of Mr. Dundas’ (Henry Dundas, later 1st Viscount Melville) by George Romney. [Scottish RO, GD 160/Box 46/Bundle XIV]

Saunders, William, Bridge St, St Ives, Hunts., cm and u (1830). [D]

Saunders, William, St Mary Arches St, Exeter, Devon, cm (1838). His son Joseph Jutson bapt. at St Mary Arches on 2 April 1838. [PR (bapt.)]

Saunders, William, Brighton, Sussex, cm and u (1839–40). Trading at 7 Park St in 1839. Marriage of William Saunders, 14 Broad St, to Susannah King recorded on 29 February 1840. [D; E. Sussex RO, PAR 255/1/3/12]

Saunders & Woolley, 170 Regent St, London, house decorators and u ‘By Appointment to the Queen’ (1840). In August 1840 supplied Lord Fitzalan with ‘A richly carved & gilt chair mounted with customer's own needlework’ costing £15 15s. [Arundel Castle records, A1963]

Saunderson, James, Turn Lane, Retford, Notts., chairmaker and turner (1830). [D]

Saunderson, John, Colliergate, York, cm (1758). [Poll bk]

Saunderson, John, Chapel St, Westminster, London, cm (1774). [Poll bk]

Saunderson, William, Watermill, Barton-on-Humber, Lincs., joiner and cm (1835). [D]

Saunier, John Charles, Carnaby Mkt, London, cm, u and undertaker (1801–08). In July 1801 at 15 Marshall St, Carnaby Mkt, where he took out insurance cover of £400, half of which was for utensils and stock. By 1803 at 52 Broad St, Carnaby Mkt, and in 1808 the business trading from the same address was in the names of John & Julia Saunier. [D; GL, Sun MS vol. 419, ref. 721197]

Savage, Cephas, Soresby St, Chesterfield, Derbs., cm (1829–35). [D]

Savage, Charles, 102 St Martin's Lane, London, carver and gilder (1835). [D]

Savage, John, Little Chelsea, London, u (1739). On 24 December 1739 submitted his account to Mr Hoare for a ‘settee of Tappistry, 4 chairs D°, 8 D°’ at a total cost of £7 4s. These items were for Sir Richard Hoare and supplied in connection with his house at Barn Elms, Barnes, Surrey. [V&A Lib., 86.NN.3]

Savage, John, Lancaster, cm (1772–1826). App. to Jeremiah Sowerby in 1772 and free by servitude, 1779–80. In the freemen rolls he is entered as ‘John Savage, otherwise Winter’. In 1799 he was trading from an address at Dam-side. A mahogany chest with four drawers in the bottom, possibly a silver chest, is known with a brass plate let into the lid inscribed in script ‘John Savage, Lancaster, 1786’. The name of John Savage also appears in the Gillow records in 1784–85, 1797–1806, 1808–09, 1811, 1814–15, 1818–23 and 1826 and may be the same person. [D; app. reg.; freemen rolls; Lancaster Guardian, 29 March 1974; Westminster Ref. Lib., Gillow]

Savage, John, 47 Garden Lane, Salford, Lancs., carver and gilder (1838–40). [D]

Savage, Michael, parish of St Martin-in-the-Fields, London, carver (1710–19). In October 1710 insured six houses at a valuation of £600. [GL, Hand in Hand MS vol. 8, refs 4843– 50; V&A archives]

Savage, Michael, Lancaster, cm (1768–80). App. to H. Gibson in 1768 and free by servitude, 1779–80. [App. reg.; freemen rolls]

Savage, Purbeck, St Bartholomew Close, London, upholder (1701–20). Free of the Upholders’ Co. on 2 July 1701, and in December 1712 living in Bartholomew Close where he insured his house for £200. Took as app. William Cooke, 1718–20. [GL, Upholders’ Co. records; Hand in Hand MS vol. 11, p. 73]

Savage, Thomas, Commercial Rd, London, carver and gilder (1826–39). In 1826 at 23 Commercial Rd but in 1839 at 27 Gt Turner St, Commercial Rd. [D]

Savage, Walter, London, upholder (1723–33). Son of William Savage of Broadway, Worcs., ‘practitioner in physick.’ App. to Robert Milner on 6 November 1723 and free by servitude, 7 March 1732/33. [GL, Upholders’ Co. records]

Savage, William & Co., address unknown, u and picture frame maker (1701–02). On 9 September 1701 issued his account totalling £56 4s to the Earl of Salisbury for textiles supplied to Hatfield House, Herts. Three of the five items were rich pieces of damask. On 27 January 1702 he charged £29 14s for picture framing at Hatfield House. [Hatfield House MS, Bills 395]

Savegnac, Paul, Dover St, Piccadilly, London, u (d.1800). Death by suicide reported in Gents Mag., October 1800.

Savery, Thomas, Bristol, chairmaker (1753). In 1753 took app. named Chambers. [S of G, app. index]

Savile, Thomas, Westminster, London, upholder (1788). [Bailey's list of bankrupts]

Savill, Thomas, 17 Aldgate High St Without, London, u and cm (1771–1808). Son of William Savill of Bocking, Essex. App. to Samuel Walker, draper, and free of the Upholders’ Co. under the terms of the 1750 Upholders’ Act, 6 February 1771. Despite the location of the business away from the fashionable trade in central London, this Whitechapel business appears to have developed into an enterprise of some magnitude. By April 1791 utensils and stock were valued at £1,000 for insurance purposes. He also took a number of apps including Samuel Legg in 1771; Samuel Waldergrave, 1778– 86; James Flower and Edward Brander, 1786–1802; and John Bennett, 1798–1801. He was included in the list of master cabinet makers in Sheraton's Cabinet Dictionary, 1803. [D; GL, Upholders’ Co. records; Sun MS vol. 376, p. 215]

Saville, Benjamin, Gomersal, Birstall, Yorks., cm and joiner (1828). [D]

Saville, Benoni, Birstall, Yorks., joiner and cm (1830). [D]

Saville, Peter, Sheffield, Yorks., chairmaker (1797–1830). At 40 Barkers Pool, 1814–18, but from 1817 addresses in Fargate are also recorded. The number in this street was 40 in 1817, 37 in 1822, and 68 from 1825–30. In 1821–25 listed as Saville & Co. [D]

Savory, David, Norwich, cm (1802–30). Living in the parish of St Lawrence, 1802–18 and at Heigham in 1830. [Poll bks]

Savory, John, Gloucester, cm (1814). Child bapt. parish of St Catherine in 814. [PR (bapt.)]

Savory, Joseph, Cirencester, Glos., cm (1828). Child bapt. in 1828. [PR (bapt.)]

Sawer, Joseph Philip, Maidstone, Kent, cm and u (1826–38). In Union St, 1826–29 but from January 1832 in County Rd where the address was given as County Pl., 1838–39. [D; poll bks]

Sawer, William, 1 Mount St, Blackburn, Lancs., cm (1824–28). Continued to be listed in directories until 1834 as a joiner. [D]

Sawkill, John, South Shields, Co. Durham, cm/joiner (1834). [D]

Sawkins, K., 12 Castle St, Bloomsbury, London, cm and u (1827). [D]

Sawyer, Charles, High St, Southwold, Suffolk, cm and u (1824– d.1840). Will proved at Norwich in 1840. On 4 February 1832 submitted an account for £11 9s 6d in respect of cabinet goods supplied to Sir Charles Blois of Cockfield Hall, Yoxford, Suffolk. [D; Norfolk Record Soc., index of wills; Suffolk RO (Ipswich), HA30: 312/418]

Sawyer, James (or John), 112 Wardour St, Soho, London, chairmaker and cm (1817–19). [D]

Sawyer, John, St John's St, Golden Sq., London, cm (1744–49). On 12 April 1744 his premises were severely damaged by fire. [Daily Advertiser, 13 April 1744; Westminster poll bk]

Sawyer, Thomas, address unknown, framemaker (1728). In 1728 paid £73 in connection with work at Stowe, Bucks. [Huntington Lib., California, Stowe MS ST 82, p. 247]

Sawyer, Thomas, High St, Salford, Blackburn, Lancs., joiner and cm (1818). [D]

Saxon, Samuel, Fore St, Exeter, Devon, u, cm and chairmaker (1764). Stated that he had moved from London and was in occupation of the house where John Stone formerly lived which was the back part of Spencer's printing office, opposite St Martin's Lane. He offered ‘Upholstery, Glasses, Cabinets, and Chairs in Mahogany and Walnut’. He also featured billiard tables which he offered at prices from twenty to fifty guineas. [Exeter Mercury, 23 November 1764]

Saxon, Thomas, 32 Ironmonger Row, Old St, London, cm (1808–09). [D]

Saxton, Joshua, Listergate, Nottingham, joiner, cm and u (1832–40). [D]

Saxton, Nathaniel, High St, Leicester, cm and u (1785–1828). From 1785 trading in partnership with John Shipley at the High St address. John Shipley died in 1796 and after a brief partnership with Ann Shipley (widow) Saxton continued the business taking his son into partnership by 1824 when the style N. Saxton & Son was adopted. Trading had ceased by April 1828 when the entire stock was advertised for sale at a discount of 20% under cost. The furniture was stated to be ‘superior to the generality of furniture made in the country’. The quality of Saxton's work can be assessed as he used trade labels to identify his manufactures. A set of four single chairs and a further set of six mahogany dining chairs in a Regency style are known with the label of ‘N. SAXTON High St. Leicester’, and a small tripod table with that of N. Saxton & Son. [D; Leicester Mercury, 13 November 1795; Leicester Chronicle, 19 April 1828]

Saxton, Thomas, Nottingham, joiner, cm and u (1821–40). In 1832 in Chesterfield St but by 1841 at Middle Pavement. Took all his three sons as apps: George in 1821, Henry 1836 and Alfred in 1838. Henry was stated to be 13 years of age on 28 January 1835 and Alfred was born 16 June 1824. [D; app. bk]

Saxton, William, Otley, Yorks., joiner/cm (1834). [D]

Say, Francis, Ludgate Hill, London, u (1738–78). Son of Richard Say, a freeman of the Upholders’ Co. who traded from an address in Racquet Ct, Fleet St until his death in 1762. Francis Say was app. to his father on 4 October 1738 and free of the Upholders’ Co. by patrimony, 10 October 1745. He was subsequently to take an active part in the affairs of the company becoming Junior Warden in 1772, Senior Warden in 1773 and Master, 1774–75. Francis Say initially traded from an address next to ‘The Crown Tavern’, Ludgate Hill, subsequently numbered 83. On his trade card he claimed to make and sell ‘all sorts of Upholsterers & Cabinet Makers Goods’. He also acted as an appraiser, undertaker and bought and sold ‘all Sorts of Goods by Commission or otherwise’. His name first appears in London directories at 83 Ludgate Hill in 1753 and he remained here until 1763. In 1763, however, he took into partnership Quintin Kay and in 1767 the partners moved to 14 Ludgate Hill where they continued to trade as Say & Kay until Francis Say's death in 1778 at ‘Hadley’ after which Kay continued the business under his sole control from this same address. Evidence suggests that the business was conducted on an extensive scale. As early as 1750 Francis Say was taking out licences to employ six non-freemen for periods extending to six months but by 1753 the number employed had reached twenty. He also was responsible for the training of an impressive list of apps and the premiums commanded suggest that the business was well-respected. His apps included George Good (1745–62), Lynnel Eames, son of John Eames, app. in 1749, premium £50), Peter Davidson (1755– 63, premium £100), Joseph Read (1759–68), and Robert Orton, son of William Orton of Hampstead (app. on 10 March 1760, premium £84). Francis Say subscribed to Chippendale's Director, 1754.

Francis Say supplied furniture to George Bowes for Gibside, Co. Durham, 1753–60. An account dated 17 July 1753 totalling £33 6s was for ‘10 Mohog Chairs Stufft back & seat, the frames richley carved in the Chinese manner’ at £18 10s, a ‘large sopha to match w Bolsters’ £10 18s, ‘brass Burnished Nails’ £2 14s, and packing. Correspondence exists dated 1759 regarding the purchase of a bed and its delivery by sea to Gibside and in the following year payments were made on 1 March 1760 on behalf of George Bowes’ late sister (£22 1s) and 19 June for furniture for Gibside (£67).

There is a two page bill of 1763/64 [Isle of Wight RO, JER/ WA] from Say & Kay to Mrs Crow totalling £22 14s 4d. Items include ‘Advertising your House’ and charges for storing furniture during a house move. The partners were responsible for the funeral arrangements for Sir Francis Gosling, the banker, and a detailed account for the costs dated 7 January 1769 exists. In 1770 a desk and a pair of chests of drawers were supplied to Henry Knight of Tythegston Court, Glam., S. Wales. The desk and the original design survive.

A short biography of the Say family was written in 1948 by L. G. N. Horton-Smith with the title The Old City Family of Say. [D; Heal; GL, Upholders’ Co. records; City Licence bks, vol. 1; S of G, app. index; Durham RO, D/St/309, D/St/243, D/St/V1510; C. Life, 5 October 1978, p. 1027] B.A.

Say, Richard, Racquet Ct, Fleet St, London, upholder (1712–d.1762). Son of Hugh Say, freeman and member of the Merchant Tailors’ Co. Father of Francis Say. Richard Say was app. to William Humphreys on 5 September 1705 and free of the Upholders’ Co. by servitude, 4 February 1712. He was master of the Upholders’ Co., 1744–45. Took as app. Daniel Wisker on 15 October 1713 at a premium of £30 and he was made free 1722. Other apps were Lawrence Whithorn (1719–30) and his son Francis Say (1738–45). He was Collector for the Poor in the parish of St Bride's, Fleet St in 1720 and subsequently Questman and Scavenger in 1730, Sidesman in 1731 and Churchwarden 1741–42. His eldest daughter Henrietta was married in 1746 to Joseph Partington, an ‘eminent apothecary in Fleet St.’. [GL, Upholders’ Co. records; MS 6581, p. 28; PRO, IR 1/2; London Evening Post, 15–17 April 1746]

Say & Kay, see Francis Say and Quintin Kay.

Sayer, Benjamin, 48 Long Alley, London, cm (1835). [D]

Sayer, James, Alphington St, Exeter, Devon, cm and u (1830– 32). In voters’ lists, 1831–32 shown at St Mary's Steps. [D; poll bks]

Sayer, John, address unknown (1685). In July 1685 supplied for the 5th Earl of Bedford ‘a large press for writing with lock and hinges’ at £2 15s and ‘a wainscot case and mending the drawers and fitting them in’ 15s. [Bedford Office, London]

Sayer, John, Henley-on-Thames, Oxon., chairmaker (1776). On 3 June 1776 married, at Henley, Mary Floyd of that town. At this date he was aged 27. [Bodleian index of Oxf. marriage bonds]

Sayer, John, Tarleton Ct, Stanley St, Liverpool, chairmaker (1824). [D]

Sayer, John, London, bedstead maker (1835–39). At 41 Fashion St, Spitalfields in 1835 and 27 Auction St, Spitalfields in 1837. By 1839, however, the business was trading as John Sayer & Son, furniture brokers from 27 Long Alley, Finsbury. [D]

Sayer, Richard, Dorking, Surrey, upholder (1838). [D] See R. Sayers.

Sayer, William, Stanley St, Liverpool, carver and furniture broker (1837–39). At 15 Stanley St in 1837 but by 1839 the number was 29. [D]

Sayers, James, North St, Chichester, Sussex, cm and auctioneer (1793–d.1825). The death of James Sayers was announced in March 1825 and the business was subsequently conducted by William & Charles Sayers. [D; Brighton Gazette, 3 March 1825]

Sayers, John, address unknown, frame maker (1778–87). Worked for George Cooke at Dunham Massey, Cheshire. On 7 November 1778 he was paid £23 1s for making frames and repairing others. On 24 September 1784 £10 14s 6d was paid for frames, and further payments for similar work were made on 17 May 1786, 3 November 1787 and 11 October 1788. [John Rylands Lib., Manchester, George Cooke's accounts]

Sayers, John, 38 Davies St, Liverpool, chairmaker (1839). [D]

Sayers, R., Dorking, Surrey, carpenter and cm (1811). [D] See Richard Bayer.

Sayers, William & Charles, North St, Chichester, Sussex, cm and u (1826–32). [D] Successors to James Sayers at this address.

Scadding, Thomas, Wellington, Som., house joiner and cm (1767). Advertised that ‘he performs all the Branches of Business, and Cabinet-Work in the neatest Manner, and in the newest Taste’. [Sherborne Mercury, 30 November 1767]

Scaife, Thomas, London, upholder (1747–54). Son of the Rev. John Scaife of Cottenham, Cambs. App. to William Kilpin on 18 June 1747 and free of the Upholders’ Co. by servitude, 31 July 1754. [GL, Upholders’ Co. records]

Scales, James, Liverpool, cm (1812). Son of William Scales, cm and free by patrimony, 5 October 1812. Probably dead by 1818. [Freemen reg.]

Scales, Samuel, Neptune St, Rotherhithe, London, upholder and undertaker (1817). [D]

Scales, William, North St, Liverpool, cm (1780–96). Free 7 September 1780 and by 1790 trading at 9 North St. In 1796 at back of 26 North St. Father of James Scales who was free 5 October 1812. William Scales was dead by 1820. [D; freemen reg.]

Scaley, T., 37 Cary St, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, upholder and undertaker (1817). [D]

Scambler, Henry, 5 Market St, Oxford St, London, u and cm (1805–26). The premises used were described as a dwelling house and workshop. Insurance cover in November 1805 was £500 with utensils and stock accounting for £400 of this. In January 1807 the corresponding figures were £500 and £300 and in January 1809 £1,000 and £400. On 9 June 1812 Sir John Geers Cotterell of Garnons, near Hereford and Hertford St, London paid Scambler £1 for a table. [D; GL, Sun MS vol. 434, ref. 781713; vol. 437, ref. 798713; vol. 448, ref. 825833; Herefs. RO, Garnons W69/III/183]

Scamen, Allen, Hull, Yorks., cm (1768–84). [Poll bks]

Scandrett, William, High St, Kington, Herefs., carpenter, joiner, cm and u (1835). [D]

Scanes, Alexander, Bartholomew St, Exeter, Devon, cm (1840). Daughter bapt. on 20 September 1840 at St Mary Arches. [PR (bapt.)]

Scantlebury, John, Campo Lane, Sheffield, Yorks., carver, gilder and looking-glass maker (1814–18). [D]

Scantlebury, Thomas, 69 Campo Lane, Sheffield, Yorks., looking-glass manufacturer (1797–1817). [D]

Scantlebury, Thomas & Co., Thomas St, Bristol, cm (1784). [D]

Scaping, George, 1 East St, Finsbury Mkt, London, cm and bedstead maker (1826). [D]

Scaping, Joseph, 68 Long Alley, Moorfields, London, sofa, couch and bedstead manufacturer (1817–20). [D]

Scaplen, John jnr, Poole, Dorset, cm (1773). [Surrey RO (Guildford), deed BR/T/1020/2]

Scarfe, C. & Lowes, 2 Buckingham Pl., Fitzroy Sq., London, cm and bedstead manufacturers (1820–25). [D]

Scarfe, Charles & Co., Hatter's Lane, Boston, Lincs., chairmaker and turner (1835). [D]

Scarfe, James, South St, Bishop's Stortford, Herts., cm (1823– 26). [D]

Scarfe, Samuel, 45 Paddington St, Marylebone, London, u and cm (1826–28). [D]

Scarlet, S., near the Market Pl., Derby, u (1796). In 1796 advertised that he had taken over the shop ‘late in the occupation of Mr. Moss upholsterer’. He intended to carry on a business retailing upholstery, cabinet and paperhanging goods and claimed to have a stock of such items. [Derby Mercury, No. 3325]

Scarlet, Samuel, Newcastle-under-Lyme, Staffs., u (1794). Bankruptcy announced, November 1794. [Williamson's Liverpool Advertiser, 1 December 1794]

Scarlet, Samuel, Piccadilly, Hanley, Staffs., u (1818). [D]

Scarll, William, Lowestoft, Suffolk, u, pawnbroker and furniture broker (1830–39). [D]

Scarrott, Thomas, 48 William St, Birmingham, cm and u (1830–39). [D]

Scarrott & Busswell, Digbeth, Birmingham, cm (1816–18). [D]

Sceats, Joseph, Somerset Green, Redcliffe Hill, Bristol, carpenter, veranda and rustic chairmaker (1817–19). [D]

Scevery, James, 17 Pellew St, Liverpool, carver and gilder (1823–24). [D]

Schade, Andrew F., 14 Kinnerton St, Belgrave Sq., London, cm and u (1839). [D]

Schaeffer, Henry, 46 Castle St East, Oxford Mkt, London, carver and gilder (1808–20). In 1817 the name is listed as Samuel Schaeffer but this may be an error. [D]

Schaw, John, London(?), u (1740–49). Supplied goods to the Duke of Gordon. In 1740 charged £1 12s for ‘superfine English blankets’ and 1s per day for 32 days work by his servant James Hastie at Gordon Castle ‘doing up furniture’. In 1743 supplied a bed and bedding and a tent bed sent by sea to Leith. The following year ‘two shoulder knots for your servants’ were charged at 9s. The account was settled in full 15 May 1749. [Scottish RO, GD44/51/302/35/36]

Schelton, —, Haymarket, London, u (1734). In 1734 described as ‘an eminent upholsterer … lately appointed Beadle to the Company of Upholders’. [Heal]

Schiavi, Antonio, Liverpool, carver, gilder and looking-glass manufacturer (1821–37). At 14 Standish St, 1821–23 but at 67 Stanley St, 1824–37. [D]

Schiavi, Francis, Liverpool, carver and gilder (1834–37). At 12 Standish St in 1834, 43 Tenterden St in 1835 and Major Pl., 103 Burlington St, 1837. A William Schiavi is also shown in the same directory at the latter address in 1837. [D]

Schiavi, James, Liverpool, carver and gilder (1827–39). At 13 Copperas Hill, in 1827–29 but by 1839 at 21 Bevington Bush Rd. [D]

Schiavi, Margaret, 26 Stanley St, Liverpool, carver and gilder (1839). An Antonio Schiavi was trading at 67 Stanley St in the same trade in 1837. [D]

Schiavi, William, Major Pl., 103 Burlington St, Liverpool, carver and gilder (1837). Successor to Francis at this address. [D]

Schofield, —, Charlotte St, Rathbone Pl., London, cm (1803). Subscribed to Sheraton's Cabinet Dictionary, 1803.

Schofield (or Scholefield), John, Halifax, Yorks., cm (1792). Bankrupt April 1792, but a dividend was declared as late as September 1798. [Leeds Intelligencer, 30 April 1792; Billinge's Liverpool Advertiser, 3 September 1798]

Schofield, John, Lower Hillgate, Stockport, Cheshire, cm and joiner (1825–28). [D]

Schofield, William, Goose Lane, Macclesfield, Cheshire, cm (1816–22). [D]

Schofield, William, Butchery, Brigg, Lincs., chairmaker (1826). [D]

Schofield & Russell, Hatton Gdn, London, looking-glass manufacturers (1800–13). At 57 Hatton Gdn, but a directory of 1803 lists the firm as Schofield & Russell & Co. and gives the number as 55. [D]

Scholcroft, Robert, 6 Park St, Preston, Lancs., cm (1818). [D]

Schole, —, address unknown, cm (c.1775). Supplied furniture to Denton Park, Yorks. to the value of £206 17s. [Furn. Hist., 1968]

Scholefield, Richard, London, upholder and cm (1793–1802). In 1793 subscribed to Sheraton's Drawing Book. Shown at 5 Gt Portland St in 1797 but in 1801 the address was Little Portland St. Bankruptcy announced, Liverpool Advertiser, 27 December 1802. [D]

Scholes, Abner snr, Chester, u (1688–1721). Free 2 February 1688. Took as apps Randle Bingley and Samuel Maddock (free 1697) and in 1721 another app. named Williams. [Freemen rolls; app. bk; S of G, app. index]

Scholes, Abner jnr, Chester, u (1722–36). Son of Abner Scholes snr. Free 2 March 1722. Took as app. Harwar Harvie who was free in 1736. [Freemen rolls; poll bk]

Scholes, Benjamin, Birkby, near Huddersfield, Yorks., cm (1785). In Leeds Mercury, 22 February 1785 announced the dissolution of his partnership with John Dyson.

Scholes, George, North St, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, Yorks., cm (1818). [D]

Scholes, Henry, Old Churchyard, Manchester, cm (1840). [D]

Scholes, Richard, Wakefield, Yorks., carver (1798). [D]

Scholes, Robert, Halifax, Yorks., upholder and auctioneer (1784). [D]

Scholes & Askey, White Horse Yd, Leeds, Yorks., cm and dealers in mahogany (1823–34). [D]

Scholes & Grayson, Manchester, u (1828–38). At 6 Port St in 1828, 9 Pall Mall 1829, 29 Pall Mall 1834, and 27 Tib Lane, 1836–38. An 1828 directory lists the business as Scholes & Graham. [D]

Scholey, John, York and Rotherham, Yorks., cm (1733–41). Son of Nathaniel Scholey, cm, and free of York in 1733. In 1741 at Rotherham. [Freemen rolls; York poll bk]

Scholey, John, Loft St, Grimsby, Lincs., cm (1819). [D]

Scholey, Joseph, Grimsby, Lincs., joiner and cm (1809–22). Listed at Bull-ring in 1822. Recorded in the Hull Corp. records as taking the following apps: William Cooke (May 1809), Thomas Peasegood (December 1809), Robert Gooseman (August 1813), John Goforth (July 1814), Samuel Crowder (March 1816) and William Everitt (May 1821). All the apps were from Grimsby with the exception of Everitt who was from Kealby, Lincs. [Hull app. reg.]

Scholey, Nathaniel, York, cm (1733). Father of John Scholey who was free of York as a cm 1733. [Freemen rolls]

Scholey, Robert, 69 Sun St, Bishopsgate, London, carver and gilder (1811–25). [D] See Robert Snell.

Scholey, William & J., Upper St, Islington, London, carvers and gilders (1820–39). The number in Upper St was 16 in 1820, 97 in 1835 and 129 in 1839. [D]

Scholfield, —, Sledwick, near Wakefield, Yorks (c. 1720). A kneehole writing table with several drawers marked is known. [Sotheby's, 3 May 1974, lot 47]

Scholfield, Abraham, Roomfield, Langfield, Todmorden, Yorks., joiner/cm (1837). [D] See James Scholfield.

Scholfield, Arthur, Manchester, u (1728). In 1728 took app. named Brabin. [S of G, app. index]

Scholfield, James, Roomfield, Langfield, Todmorden, Yorks., joiner/cm (1837). [D] See Abraham Scolfield.

Schorfell, Thomas, Butchery, Brigg, Lincs., chairmaker (1828). [D]

Schouten, William, London, upholder (1720–28). Son of John Schouten of St Martin-in-the-Fields, Gent. App. to James Gronous on 4 May 1720. Free of the Upholders’ Co., 5 June 1728. [GL, Upholders’ Co. records]

Schultz, Henry James, Eyre St Hill, Cold Bath Fields, London, bedstead maker (1822). In February 1822 took out insurance cover for £200 which included £50 for a workshop behind the house and £50 for utensils and stock kept there. [GL, Sun MS vol. 491, ref. 989402]

Schurrey, William, Wakefield, Yorks., cm (1793). Subscribed to Sheraton's Drawing Book, 1793.

Schweitzer, L. F. G., 7 Broad St, Long Acre, London, plate case maker (1825). [D]

Sclater, E., 191 Snargate St, Dover, Kent, carver and gilder (1838–39). [D]

Scobie, James, Peter St, Westminster, London, cm (1774). [Poll bk]

Scoltock, John & Richard, Market Sq., Shrewsbury, Salop, cm and u (1828). [D]

Scoltock, Jonathan & Richard, Shrewsbury, Salop, cm and u (1828–35). Listed at Corn Mkt in 1828 and Market Pl., 1835. [D]

Scorah, Joseph, 32 Lever St, Manchester, cm (1825). [D]

Scorah, William, Retford, Notts., cm (1832). Bankruptcy announced April 1832. A directory of that year gives the address as West Retford but the bankruptcy notice states East Retford. [D; London Gazette, 10 April 1832]

Scotford, Thomas, 10 Francis Pl. and 8 Cheltenham Pl., Westminster Rd, London, cm and u (1835). [D]

Scotland, Lawrence, St James, Westminster, London, cm (1774). Bankruptcy announced, Gents Mag., June 1774.

Scott, —, address unknown, carver (1754). Subscribed to Chippendale's Director, 1754.

Scott, Adam, Whitehaven, Cumb., joiner/cm (1828–34). At 159 Queen St in 1828, 2 West Strand in 1829 and 3 Tangier St, 1834. [D]

Scott, Alexander, 12 Francis St, Tottenham Ct Rd, London cm (1820–35). [D]

Scott, Alexander, 57 Collingwood St, Liverpool, cm (1835). [D]

Scott, Charles, Little Grosvenor St, London, carver (1774). [Westminster poll bk]

Scott, Charles, Swinegate, York, cm (1794–1802). Son of Mary, wife of William Elston, butcher. App. to John Barber, cm, on 14 October 1794. Free in 1802. [Freemen rolls]

Scott, Charles, 3 Aylesbury St, Clerkenwell, London, Tunbridge-ware manufacturer (1805–20). [D]

Scott, Charles, 4 Silver St, Golden Sq., London, cm (1826). [D]

Scott, Francis & Son, Wakefield, Yorks., cm (1781–84). [D]

Scott, George, Bottle-bank, Gateshead, Co. Durham, joiner and cm (1824). [D]

Scott, James, London, cm (1793). Subscribed to Sheraton's Drawing Book, 1793.

Scott, James, Lancaster, cm (1795–97). Free 1795–96. Named in the Gillow records, 1796–97. [Freemen rolls; Westminster Ref. Lib., Gillow]

Scott, James, Ormskirk, Lancs., cm (1822). [D]

Scott, James, East Bank Lane, Southport, Lancs., cm (1828–34). Wife died on 9 January 1828. [D; Liverpool Mercury, 18 January 1828]

Scott, John, ‘The Plough & Harrow’, east side of Bishopsgate St Without, London, upholder (1707–15). Freeman of London. On 31 December 1707 took out insurance cover of £200 on the property in Bishopsgate St described as ‘his dwelling house’. In January 1715 he was still insuring this property at the same valuation but appears to have been living then in Dulwich. [GL, Hand in Hand MS vol. 5, ref. 15137; vol. 13, ref. 15137]

Scott, John, London, upholder (1718–43). Son of John Scott of Chippenham, Wilts., Gent. App. to John Spicer on 3 September 1718 and free of the Upholders’ Co. by servitude, 4 October 1743. [GL, Upholders’ Co. records]

Scott, John, ‘The King's Arms’, Cheapside, against Bow Churchyard, London, leather gilder and u (1746). [Heal]

Scott, John, 419 Strand, London, cm and undertaker (1779). In 1779 took out insurance cover of £200 on his utensils and stock. [GL, Sun MS vol. 273, p. 299]

Scott, John, Liverpool, cm (1777–84). At 160 Dale St in 1777 but at 19 Pitt St, 1781–84. In 1777 also a grocer. [D]

Scott, John, Baxtergate, Whitby, Yorks., cm (1787). In March 1787 insured his utensils and stock for £100. [GL, Sun MS vol. 344, p. 330]

Scott, John, Berwick St, Soho, cm, u and undertaker (1793–1835). Shown at 52 Berwick St, though some directories state 50. Probably the John Scott, cm, who subscribed to Sheraton's Drawing Book, 1793. A pair of Regency mahogany dining chairs on reeded sabre legs are known stamped ‘J. SCOTT’. [D; Heal; Christie's, 25 October 1979, lot 42]

Scott, John, snr and jnr, White Lion St, Norwich, u and paper hanger (1796–1830). His son John participated in the business and in 1822 it is listed in a directory as John Scott & Son. John Scott snr appears to have died between 1822 and 1830 and the son carried on alone. In November 1830 he was declared bankrupt. He may have restarted the business however. Up to 1830 the address was 15 White Lion St (in 1808 White Lion Lane), but a trade card in the Norfolk Local Hist. Lib., which from the furniture illustrated probably dates from c. 1840–50, states 19 White Lion St. [D; poll bks; London Gazette, 9 November 1830]

Scott, John, Boston, Lincs., cm (1806). Freeman of Lincoln but living in Boston in November 1806. [Lincoln poll bk]

Scott, John, Rickergate, Carlisle, Cumb., carver and gilder (1810–34). [D]

Scott, John, Church St, Clitheroe, Lancs, joiner, housebuilder and cm (1824). [D]

Scott, John, Castlegate, Grantham, Lincs., woodturner and chairmaker (1826). [D]

Scott, John, 28 Gt Titchfield St, London, cm and u (1827). [D]

Scott, John, Middlegate, Penrith, Cumb., joiner and cm (1828). [D]

Scott, John, King's Lynn, Norfolk, cm (1830–39). At Broad St but a directory of 1836 indicates North St. [D]

Scott, John, Berwick-on-Tweed, Northumb., cm and u (1834). Listed at Weston Lane in 1834. [D]

Scott, John, 315 Oxford St, London, upholsterer's warehouse (1835–39). [D]

Scott, Joseph, Fisher St, Carlisle, Cumb., joiner/cm (1828–29). [D]

Scott, Luke, London, cm (1807–09). In June 1807 at 2 Newman St where he took out insurance cover for £300 which included £30 for a chest of tools at Wright & Co., cm, 410 Oxford St. By July 1809 he was carrying on trade as a victualler at ‘The Two Chairmen’ in Dartmouth St, but also trading as a cm and took out cover of £300 on stock and utensils and a further £25 for a chest of tools. [GL, Sun MS vol. 440, ref. 804296; vol. 448, ref. 834167]

Scott, Michael, London, upholder (1707). Free of the London Upholders’ Co., 7 May 1707. [GL, Upholders’ Co. records]

Scott, Nicholas, Saville Ct, Newcastle, cm and joiner (1838). [D]

Scott, R., 101 Dean St, Soho, London, ‘patent revolving chairmaker’ (1835). [D]

Scott, Robert, Lancaster, joiner (1788–1803). Named in the Gillow records. [Westminster Ref. Lib., Gillow vol. 344/94, pp. 351, 429]

Scott, Robert, ‘The Fountain’, Pipewellgate, Gateshead, Co. Durham, joiner and cm (1802). In January 1802 took out insurance cover of £300 which included £50 for a workshop. [GL, Sun MS vol. 43, ref. 728601]

Scott, Robert, Church St, Gateshead, Co. Durham, joiner and cm (1811). [D]

Scott, Robert, Norwich, cm and u (1822–40). At Lower Westwick St in 1822 but from c.1830 at 18 Charing Cross. From 1836 the business is listed as Robert Scott & Son. The will of a Robert Scott, probably the father, was proved at Norwich in 1842. Robert Scott's trade card [Norfolk Local Hist. Lib.] described the business as a ‘Cabinet, Upholstery, Paper Hanging and Carpet Warehouse’. Floor cloth and matting were also stocked. [D; poll bk; Norfolk Record Soc., index of wills]

Scott, Robert Sadler (or Sadley), 61 Blackett St, Newcastle, house and ship carver, gilder (1833–38). [D] See James Hardy at this address.

Scott, Samuel, Norwich, cm and u (1828–40). App. to John Norris and free, 24 February 1828. At Lower Westwick St, 1836–39 but by 1842 had moved to Charing Cross. [D; poll bk; freemen reg.]

Scott, Thomas, London, upholder (1746–54). Son of William Scott of the parish of St Anne's, Blackfriars, tailor. App. to William Cope, 6 November 1746 and free of the Upholders’ Co. by servitude 5 December 1754. [GL, Upholders’ Co. records]

Scott, Thomas, London, upholder (1758). Son of James Scott of Pateley Bridge, Yorks., mercer. Free of the Upholders’ Co. by redemption under the terms of the 1750 Upholders’ Act, 11 April 1758. [GL, Upholders’ Co. records]

Scott, Thomas, 29 Ludgate Hill, London, upholder (1782–1804). A substantial business. In 1782 insurance cover amounted to £700 of which £600 was for utensils and stock. By 1784 these figures had risen to £2,000 and £1,300 respectively and stock levels remained high being £1,500 in 1785 and £1,400 in the following year. Scott was included in the list of master cabinet makers in Sheraton's Cabinet Dictionary, 1803. The death of his wife was recorded in January 1786. Scott is particularly associated with the manufacture of the ingeniously fitted dressing table known as a Rudd. This is illustrated in Hepplewhite's Guide, 1784. Examples are known with the trade label of Scott's business. [D; GL, Sun MS vol. 299, p. 571; vol. 322, p. 8; vol. 336, p. 122; vol. 338, p. 45; Gents Mag., January 1786; Burlington, May 1968, p. 277; C. Life, 12 May 1966, pp. 1174–75]

Scott, Thomas, 9 Tottenham St, Middlx Hospital, London, u (1808).

Scott, Thomas, 12 Dover St, Southwark, London, cm and upholstery warehouse (1820–21). [D]

Scott, Thomas, Little Blake St, York, cm (1823). [D]

Scott, Thomas, Upper Maudlin St, Bristol, u, chair and couch manufacturer (1829). [D]

Scott, Thomas, Bishop Wearmouth, Co. Durham, chairmaker (1840). In 1840 employed at Bishop Wearmouth Iron works. His daughter aged 13 escaped injury after falling in front of a train of laden coal waggons. [Chester Chronicle, 25 December 1840]

Scott, Walter, Petergate, York, cm (1784). [Poll bk]

Scott, Walter, 1 Marshall St, London, cm (1792). In June 1792 took out insurance cover on his house and household goods of £100. [GL, Sun MS vol. 389, ref. 601775]

Scott, William, 19 Leicester St, London, carpenter and cm (1781). In 1781 took out insurance cover of £200 which included £75 for utensils and stock. [GL, Sun MS vol. 291, p. 410]

Scott, William, 27 Warwick St, Golden Sq., London, cm (1783). In 1783 insured his house for £300. [GL, Sun MS vol. 306, p. 481]

Scott, William, Newcastle, joiner and cm (1770). In June 1770 advertised his move from the head of Side to ‘a new House, near Mr Dagnia's at the Forth’. Apart from undertaking work as a joiner and house carpenter he made ‘all sorts of Household Furniture of Mahogany, Walnut-tree, Wainscot, Beech &c.’ [Newcastle Chronicle, 30 June 1770]

Scott, William, Wakefield, Yorks., cm (1793). Subscribed to Sheraton's Drawing Book, 1793.

Scott, William, 2 New Inn Passage, Clare Mkt, London, chairmaker (1808–09). [D]

Scott, William, St Cuthbert's Lane, Carlisle, Cumb., joiner/cm (1829). [D]

Scott, William, Norwich, cm (1830–40). At Ber St, but one directory of 1830 shows an address at Surrey Rd also. By 1842 the business was using addresses at both Ber St and Timberhill St. [D; poll bk]

Scott, William, Newcastle, cm and joiner (1834–38). Trading at Groupe Close in 1834 and Javel-group Close in 1838. [D]

Scott, Wrighton, Yearby, Yorks., joiner/cm/cartwright (1834). [D]

Scott & Boswell, Clerkenwell Green, London, wood japanners (1808). [D; C. Life, 23 April 1964, p. 1004]

Scott & Innes, 12 Francis St, Bedford Sq., London, cm and u (1839). [D]

Scotter, Joseph, parish of St James, Norwich, chairmaker (1828–30). App. to Benjamin P. Titter and free by servitude, 24 February 1828. [Freemen reg.; poll bk]

Scowles, Thomas, parish of St Edwin, Bristol, cm (1722). [Poll bk]

Scrace, Charles, West St, Horsham, Sussex, cm and u (1823– 26). Marriage to Sarah Hawes reported in Brighton Gazette, 12 February 1824. [D]

Scrambler, Edmund, Alcester, Warks., turner, chairmaker and parish clerk (1793). [D]

Screens, Wortly, Stamford, Lincs., cm (1793). Subscribed to Sheraton's Drawing Book, 1793.

Scrimshire, Matthew, London, upholder (1704–16). Father of Richard Scrimshire. Matthew was free of the Upholders’ Co., 16 May 1704. He took as app. Richard Farmer, 1708–16. [GL, Upholders’ Co. records]

Scrimshire, Richard, Suffolk St, Cavendish Sq., London, upholder (1728–d.1793). Son of Matthew Scrimshire, a member of the Upholders’ Co. App. to William Scrimshire snr on 1 January 1728, and free of the Upholders’ Co. by servitude, 2 August 1738. Master of the Upholders’ Co., 1767. [GL, Upholders’ Co. records]

Scrimshire, William snr, ‘The Woolpack’, Bucklersbury, London, upholder (1712–51). Member of the Upholders’ Co. and father of William Scrimshire jnr, who was made free of this company by patrimony in 1751. His first app. was John Harris son of John Harris of Preston-on-Wye, Herefs. who was indentured on 19 February 1713 at a premium of £30 but not free until 1744. Other apps were John Harris (1714), Thomas Eyre (1716–23), Samuel Skelton (1719–33), John Tillier (1719), Henry Stonestreet (1722–30), and Richard Scrimshire (1728–38). He remained at the Bucklersbury address until 1745 but in May of that year when his bankruptcy was announced in Gents Mag. he was described as ‘late of London’. [D; GL, Upholders’ Co. records; Sun MS vol. 2, p. 209; PRO, IR 1/2]

Scrimshire, William jnr, London, upholder (1751–70). Son of William Scrimshire snr and free of the Upholders’ Co. by patrimony, 22 May 1751. Clerk of the Upholders’ Co., 1770. [GL, Upholders’ Co. records]

Scruby, James, Dunmow, Essex, turner and chairmaker (1793). [D]

Scruby, James, Ongar, Essex, turner, chairmaker and cooper (1798). [D]

Scudworth, Rudolph, Broad Sanctuary, Westminster, London, cm (1808). [D]

Scullard, George, London, upholder (1717–27). In February 1717 living on the north side of Hill St, a little above St Saviour's Dockhead, parish of St Olave, Southwark, where he also had a warehouse. By January 1727 in Fenchurch St, where he took out insurance cover of £300 on household goods and stock. [GL, Hand in Hand MS vol. 18, p. 182; Sun MS vol. 24, ref. 43826]

Scullerd, Mary, London, upholder (1712–19). The address given in insurance policies is ‘next the EXETER CITY at St. Saviour's Dockhead in the Parish of St. Olave’. This address may possibly be the same as that occupied by George Scullard in 1717. Even if not identical the properties must have been close at hand and the two persons related. [GL, Sun MS vol. 2, p. 78; vol. 9, p. 55]

Sculthorpe, John, Park St, Westminster, London, carver (1749). [Poll bk]

Scum, John, address unknown, cm (1803). In 1803 subscribed to Sheraton's Cabinet Dictionary.

Scurfield, Robert, London & Stockton, Co. Durham, u (1762). In Newcastle Courant, 22 May 1762 he advertised himself as ‘upholsterer from London’. He stated that he sold ‘all sorts of upholstery goods at his warehouse at Stockton upon Tease’.

Scutz, Henry, 40 Plat Terr., Islington, London, cm and u (1827). [D]

Scyffert, George, 81 Margaret St, Cavendish Sq., London, cm (1820). [D]

Seaborne, Jno. Henry, 8 York St, Chelsea, London, cm and u (1826). [D]

Seabright, Joseph, St Clements, Oxford, cm (1770). Aged 23 when on 6 June 1770 he married Sarah Linzey at St Clement's, Oxford. [Bodleian index of Oxf. marriage bonds]

Seabright, Mark, Oxford, cm (1769). Aged 21 when on 30 March 1769 he married Ann Butler at the church of St Peter-in-the-East, Oxford. [Bodleian index of Oxf. marriage bonds]

Seabrook, —, 5 Corner of St Paul's, next Cheapside, London, trunk-maker (1840). Amongst the items stocked were writing desks and dressing cases and camp beds. Also had a manufactory at St Martin's Pl., St Martin-le-Grand. [V&A archives]

Seabrooke, Robert, Smithfield, London, upholder (1708–d.1745). Free of the Upholders’ Co., 3 March 1707/ 08. Took as app. John, son of Richard Stockwell, a member of the Barber Surgeons’ Co. on 7 November 1711 at a premium of £35. [GL, Upholders’ Co. records; Heal; PRO, IR 1/1]

Seabrook, Samuel, 22 Hounsditch, London, u and cm (1757– 68). Member of the Turners’ Co. Employed non-freemen between 1757–68, and from 1764–67 was taking out licences to employ as many as ten continuously. [D; GL, City Licence bks, vols 2–6; Heal]

Seacombe, Richard, St Clement Danes, London, u (1756). In 1756 took app. named Wilkin. [S of G, app. index]

Seager, George, Watford, Herts., cm (1793). Freeman of Canterbury, Kent. [Canterbury freemen rolls]

Seager, George, Colchester, Essex, cm (1796–1802). Recorded in the poll bks of Canterbury, Maidstone and Rochester, Kent. [Poll bks]

Seager, George, London, cm (1806–09). At 8 Holywell Row, Shoreditch in 1808 and 10 Chapel St, Curtain Rd in the following year. Freeman of Maidstone. It is possible that he is the same George Seager who was living at Watford in 1793 and Colchester, 1796–1802. [D; Maidstone poll bk]

Seager, Stephen, York, upholder (1776). [Bailey's list of bankrupts]

Seager, William, near Morris St, Haymarket, London, upholder (1775). In 1775 took out insurance cover of £200, half of which was for utensils and stock. [GL, Sun MS vol. 238, p. 374]

Seager, William, Westminster, London, cm (1830). Freeman of Rochester, Kent. [Rochester poll bk]

Seagrave, Thomas, 8 New Compton St, Soho, London, chair japanner and varnish maker (1808–39). [D]

Seagrief, John, 39 Cable St, Well Close Sq., London, chairmaker (1808). [D]

Seal, —, Arlington St, St James's, London, u (1725). [Heal]

Seal, John, Paulin St, Hanover St, Westminster, London, cm (1749). [Poll bk]

Seal, John, Little Berrington St, Hereford, cm (1840). His eldest surviving son, Philip George, was free by patrimony in 1849. [D; Hereford Lib., Pilley Coll., 982]

Seal, Josiah, 9 Whitmores Row, Hoxton Fields, London, bedstead maker (1808). [D]

Sealy, Alexander, Tetbury, Glos., cm and u (1830). [D]

Sealy, H. W., St Mary's St, Stamford, Lincs., cm (1819). [D]

Sealy, Henry Wilmot, 26 City Rd, London, u and cm (1837–38). Bankruptcy announced, Sussex Agricultural Express, 24 February 1838. [D]

Sealy, Thomas, 37 Cary St, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, u (1826). [D]

Seaman, Allen, Louth Searge, Lincs. and Hull, Yorks., cm (1774–84). Recorded in the Lincoln poll bk of 1774 and the Hull poll bk of 1780 at Louth; but by April 1784 living in Hull. [Poll bks]

Seaman, William, Market Pl., Gt Yarmouth, Norfolk, u and auctioneer (1780–98). In 1780 took out insurance cover of £700 of which £500 was for utensils and stock. Took jointly with Robert Harley app. named John Kemp who was free in 1787. Seaman also took John Allured, free 1790. [D; poll bks; freemen rolls; GL, Sun MS vol. 285, p. 629]

Seapton, John, Poole, Dorset, cm (1747). In 1747 took app. named Sapp. [S of G, app. index]

Sear, Henry, Bedford, chairmaker and turner (1830–39). Listed at Old Market Pl. in 1830 and Caudwell St in 1839. [D]

Searby & Codlin, Wellington Mart, Hull, Yorks., cm, clock case maker and undertaker (1838–40). Shown at 2 Wellington Mart as Searby & Codlin, 1838–39; but in 1840 Robert Searby was living at 8 Wellington Mart while the business of Robert Searby & Co. was trading from 41 Queen St. [D]

Search, —, probably London, u (1768–69). Supplier to Shelburne House, Berkeley Sq., London and Bowood, Wilts. Between 29 July and 15 October 1768 supplied thirteen bedticks, bolsters, pillows, feathers etc. costing £73 10s 6d. On 7 and 14 January 1769 invoiced three servants’ beds and two better beds for Bowood costing £24 17s. [Bowood MS]

Search, Francis, 48 Clerkenwell St, London, bed and mattress maker (1822–27). [D]

Search, William, London, upholder (1767–94). Son of George Search of the parish of St Mary, Whitechapel, Gent. App. to Francis Search, a member of the Merchant Tailors’ Co. on 3 June 1767 and then to Henry Ladyman. Free of the Upholders’ Co. by servitude, 6 July 1774. In 1777 at 7 Aldgate, Within, where he insured a house for £100. In 1794 at Clerkenwell Green. [GL, Upholders’ Co. records; Sun MS vol. 258, p. 117]

Searl, John H., Temple St, Bristol, basket and chairmaker (1809–33). Shown at 7 Temple St in 1809, no. 6 in 1810 and both 6 and 7 from 1813. Was additionally using premises in Gloucester Lane in 1813 and 1 St James's back, 1822–25. [D] See William Searle of Bristol.

Searle, George, ‘The Crown & Cushion’, the New Road, near the Turnpike, Lambeth, London, upholder (mid 18th century). His trade card [Leverhulme Coll., MMA, NY] states that he was prepared to conduct funerals in ‘any Part of Town or Country’. He also stocked ‘Coffins & Shrouds of all Sizes Ready Made’.

Searle, Henry, 26 Bishopsgate Without, London, cm, u, appraiser and undertaker (1835–39). In 1839 the business is listed as Henry Searle & Co. [D]

Searle, John, Saffron Walden, Essex (?), cm (1778–93). In 1778 supplied Sir John Griffin Griffin of Audley End, Essex with six looking-glasses and one swing looking-glass at 16s 6d. In 1793 buckram strapping etc. and a wainscot chest of drawers were supplied costing £1 14s. [Essex RO, D/DBy/A36/6, D/ DBy/A51/6]

Searle, John, Upper Brook St, Teignmouth, Devon, cm (1793– 1838). In Exeter Flying Post, 19 December 1793 advertised for an app. who had absconded. Shown at Upper Brook St, 1824–38. [D]

Searle, Nicholas, 2 Gloucester Lane, Bristol, basket and chairmaker (1814–21). [D]

Searle, R. C., Market Pl., Saffron Walden, Essex, u and cm (1815). The sale of his stock in trade and effects was advertised in Cambridge Chronicle, 3 February 1815.

Searle, Thomas, Southend St, Ledbury, Herefs., cm (1835). [D]

Searle, William, Chudleigh, Devon cm (1798). Marriage to Miss Susanna Maer, linen draper of Chudleigh, reported in Exeter Flying Post, 6 December 1798.

Searle, William, 1 St James's back, Bristol, basket and chairmaker (1818–21). [D] See John H. Searl.

Searle, William, 7 Temple St, Bristol, comb maker and cm (1837). [D] See John H. Searl.

Searle & Phipps, 50 Gracechurch St, London,, u (1825–29). [D]

Sears, William, Bungay, Suffolk, cm (1804). [Ipswich Journal, 3 March 1804]

Searson, George, Stamford, Lincs., joiner and cm (1746–d. by 1773). Freeman and Alderman of Stamford. Father of Wortley and William Searson. In 1746 took app. named Gilbert and in 1759, Thickbroom. [S of G, app. index]

Searson, Robert, Stamford, Lincs., cm (1809). [Poll bk]

Searson, William, High St and Ironmonger St, Stamford, Lincs., cm, u and appraiser (1769–76). Son of George Searson and brother to Wortley Searson. Claimed to have worked ‘in the principal shops in London’ prior to setting up in Stamford in 1769. Free of Stamford by patrimony in 1770, and in 1776 Capital Burgess. Initially associated in business with Wortley Searson and in 1769 opened a shop in the High St and also took over the shop and stock of the late Thomas Williamson, upholder at the corner of Ironmonger St. [Stamford Town Hall Bks, Box 2A/1/3; Cambridge Chronicle, 20 May 1769, 4 August 1770]

Searson, Wortley, Stamford, Lincs., cm, u and appraiser (1765–88). Son of George Searson and brother to William Searson with whom he was associated in business. Initially worked in London, and in 1765 was free of Stamford by patrimony. Advertised auction of the contents of a house, Leicester Chronicle, 11 November 1775. In 1773 Capital Burgess, in 1787 Alderman and in 1788 Mayor of Stamford. Took as apps William Banks on 17 August 1776 and Henry Flower on 24 June 1783. The premium in both cases was £30. Supplied furniture to Burghley House, near Stamford. [Stamford Town Hall Bks, 2A/1/3, 2A/1/4; Cambridge Chronicle, 20 May 1769, 4 August 1770; V&A archives]

Seath, John, Canterbury, Kent, cm (1755–96). In 1755 took app. named Pout. In May 1796 living in the parish of St Paul. [S of G, app. index; poll bk]

Seath, John, 4 Morden Pl., Maidstone Rd, Rochester, Kent, u (1838). [D]

Seath, William, Faversham, Kent, cm (1790–94). Freeman of Canterbury. [D; Canterbury poll bk]

Seaton, Benjamin, High St, Chatham, Kent, cm, u and undertaker (1823–32). [D] See Joseph Seaton.

Seaton, Frederick, London, carver and gilder (1774–1809). At Great Chapel St, Soho from 1774–1809, the number being 3 in 1809. Also shown at 54 Well St, Oxford St in 1794 and 40 Oxford St in 1809, the latter being in addition to the Chapel St address. In 1794 supplied Lord Howard of Audley End, Essex for his London house at New Burlington St, a gilt picture frame 12 ft by 6 ft 6 ins which together with the lettering on the table was charged at £4 8s 6d. In 1809 also a stationer and paperhanger. [D; Westminster poll bks; Essex RO, D/DBy/A52/6]

Seaton, John, Red Lion Sq., London (1788). [Bailey's list of bankrupts]

Seaton, John, Market Pl., Greenwich, London, cm, u and undertaker (1779–1808). In 1779 took out insurance cover of £300 of which £240 was for utensils and stock. By November 1785 utensils and stock in his house were valued at £315 with £100 extra for similar items in a warehouse; these figures were £515 and £100 by May of the following year. Included in the list of master cabinet makers in Sheraton's Cabinet Dictionary, 1803. [D; GL, Sun MS vol. 276, p. 179; vol. 333, p. 365; vol. 337, p. 316]

Seaton, Joseph, High St, Chatham, Kent, upholder and cm (1782–1805). In 1782 took out insurance cover of £800 but only £100 of this was for warehouse and stock. By July 1792 however, out of a total insurance cover of £750 no less than £550 was accounted for by utensils and stock in his house and a workshop behind. He also insured a cottage at Smarden, Kent. In 1805 the business was described as Seaton & Son. [D; GL, Sun MS vol. 300, p. 630; vol. 387, p. 303; vol. 392, p. 176] See Benjamin Seaton. Joseph was possibly father of:

Seaton, Joseph, New Rd, Chatham, Kent, cm, u and undertaker (1824–40). [D]

Sebire, Nicholas, 23 Fenchurch St, London, upholder (1788). Free of the Upholders’ Co. by redemption, 4 June 1788. [GL, Upholders’ Co. records]

Seccombe, Richard, Craven Ct, London, u (1753). In 1753 married Martha Kemp, the daughter of a Westminster wholesale tobacconist. [Public Advertiser, 3 August 1753]

Secker, Thomas, Norwich and London, u (1814–18). Son of James Secker, gardener, and free of Norwich on 8 July 1814. By June 1818 living in London. [Freemen reg.; Norwich poll bk]

Secker, Thomas, 23 Wilson St, Finsbury, London, u (1823–25). [D]

Secret, Samuel, 20 North St, Sculcoates, Hull, Yorks., cm (1839). [D]

Seddon, George, Aldersgate St, London, cm (1753–1868). The firm of Seddon was the largest furniture-making firm in London in the last quarter of the 18th century when it employed more people, held more extensive stocks and produced a wider-range of goods than any other furnituremaking business It remained of considerable importance throughout its history, yet few labelled or documented pieces are known so it is not possible to present a stylistic analysis of the output of this major firm.

Family tradition has it that in about 1750 George Seddon, of a Lancashire family of that name, went to London and set up as a furniture maker. [Seddon, Memoirs, 1858] It may well be that his great grandson was correct about his origins because there was a George Seddon, cm, who had to buy his freedom of the London Joiners’ Co. because he had not been trained by a member of that company. [GL, MS 8046/9, special court 11 June 1754] Other writers have claimed the founder of the Seddon firm as the George Seddon who came from Blacklea and Eccles in Lancashire and was app. to George Clematson of the Joiners’ Co. [Heal; Hall and Gilbert, LAC, vol. 68, 1971] However, this is contradicted by the entry in the Joiners’ Co. app. records which states that the George Seddon who was app. to George Clematson in September 1742 was the son of John Seddon, Clerk, of Warfield, Berks. The premium charged by the master was £16 and it was met by a charitable payment from the ‘Stewards of the Sons of the Clergy’. This same George Seddon became a freeman of the Joiners’ Co. in 1751. [GL, MS 8051/5] Whatever his background, the George Seddon who headed the famous firm of that name, had purchased a two-acre site in Aldersgate St which included London House, the former residence of the Bishop of London, by 1753. The choice of site suggests that Seddon intended to establish a large firm from the outset. It remained in Aldersgate St until 1826. Directories gave the address as 158 Aldersgate St until 1770, whereafter re-numbering led to it being 151 and sometimes also 150 Aldersgate St. George Seddon took his first app. in 1753, and bound one per year until 1759. In 1754 he subscribed to Chippendale's Director. Despite a comment in 1786 by Sophie Von La Roche that Seddon was always ‘creating new forms’, the known work of the firm is mostly conventional in design terms and it is possible that, in the early days at least, pattern books such as Chippendale's were used frequently.

The firm expanded fairly rapidly in the 1760s. The number of journeymen regularly employed is not known but Seddon soon took advantage of a licensing arrangement which enabled him to employ craftsmen who were not freemen of the City of London. Between ten and twenty workers were thus engaged in 1760–61. In 1762 and 1763 twenty men worked under licence for Seddon and the number rose to thirty in the years 1764–67. In 1768 and 1769 one hundred non-freemen were employed. A fire at Seddons in 1768 was reported as consuming ‘upwards of eighty chests of tools’ and it would appear, therefore, that the majority of Seddon workers at that date had not been trained within a London Company. This does not automatically mean that they had been app. outside London but it is likely that some of them were provincially trained.

By 1783, when there was another fire, the firm employed nearly 300 ‘of the most capital hands’ in London while in 1786, Sophie Von La Roche, noted that Seddon was ‘fosterfather’ to 400 ‘apprentices’. Her figure must have included both journeymen and apps, and it probably also included metal and glass workers whom she stated worked on the premises. Seddon regularly took on apps, all of whom appear to have been bound for the traditional period of seven years. By 1757 there were seven in the firm and there were more than ten at any one time during the years 1766–69. In the 1770s the figures fluctuated between four and nine and in the 1780s between five and ten. In 1790 and 1791 there were ten apps, but the app. records note only one app. taken by George Seddon after then. The Inland Revenue app. records tail off at this time but the fact that there are no further entries for Seddon in the Joiners’ Co. records after 1794 suggests that George Seddon did not take on any further apps. Rough ratios of apps to journeymen can be calculated. When the firm was still establishing itself in the late 1760s, it had approximately one app. for every seven workmen but when it greatly expanded its workforce in the 1780s the number of apps did not rise proportionately, with only one app. for every thirty for forty workmen at that time. The expansion of the firm, therefore, was based on the employment of craft-trained journeymen rather than apps.

The improving fortunes of the firm are reflected in insurance and stock valuations. In 1756 and 1757 Seddon's insurance policies gave cover for £500 and included domestic residence, workshops and stock. By 1763–64 household and business goods were insured for £1,000 with the Sun Insurance Office but in 1763 Seddon also had a policy with the Union Fire Office for £1,000. There are a few references to George Seddon insuring with both firms but it is not clear whether this was done on a regular basis. Stock and goods were insured for £3,300 [Sun MS] in 1768 but in the latter year Seddon unfortunately allowed his policy to lapse before a fire did extensive damage to both premises and stock. He claimed losses of £7,700 but the Directors of the Sun Insurance Office only awarded him £500 compensation. He appears to have made good his loss fairly quickly and by 1770 had policies totalling £7,700 for both dwelling house and business. [Sun & Union] By 1787 the sum insured with the Sun Office was £17,500, of which £13,000 related to the business. Such very large sums confirm that George Seddon's business was the largest in London. The DEF states that the firm's stock-in-trade amounted to as much as £118,926 in 1789 (£21,702 for timber, £9,068 for carpets and £3,293 for contents of upholstery warehouse) but it has not been possible to verify these figures.

Sophie Von La Roche's description of Seddon's premises adds flesh to these statistical bones. She recorded that Seddon employed a variety of tradesmen on ‘any work connected with the making of household furniture- joiners, carvers, gilders, mirror-workers, upholsterers, girdlers- who mould the bronze into graceful patterns — and locksmiths. All these are housed in a building with six wings. In the basement mirrors are cast and cut. Some other department contains nothing but chairs, sofas and stools of very description, some quite simple, others exquisitely carved and made of all varieties of wood, and one large room is full up with all the finished articles in this line, while others are occupied by writing-tables, cupboards, chests of drawers, charmingly fashioned desks, chests, both large and small, work-and toilet-tables in all manner of wood and patterns, from the simplest and cheapest to the most elegant and expensive…. Chintz, silk and wool materials for curtains and bed-covers; hangings in every possible material; carpets and stair-carpets to order; in short, anything one might desire to furnish a house; and all the workmen besides and a great many seamstresses; their own saw-house too, where as many blocks of fine foreign wood lie piled, as firs and oaks are seen at our saw-mills. The entire story of the wood, as used for both inexpensive and costly furniture and the method of treating it, can be traced in this establishment …’.

It is not surprising to find the partners in such a large and comprehensive firm subscribing to Edward T. Jones, Jones’ English System of Book Keeping, Bristol, 1796.

There can be no doubt that all aspects of furniture making were carried out on the premises. Besides this, the firm probably also made some of its own metal work: Von la Roche noted ‘girdlers — who mould the bronze into graceful patterns’. She also claimed that ‘mirrors were cast and cut’ in the workshops. She may have mistaken finishing processes for those of manufacturing but George Seddon had close business connections with glass making. The firm's bill-heads of the 1780s and 90s refer to it as ‘Manufacturers of British Large Plate Glass’ and George Seddon had dealings with the British Plate Glass Manufacturers. In 1780 Matthew Boulton bought plate glass from this firm which he later found he could not use. He offered it to Seddon who had not only bought it cheaply but prevailed upon the company to lower the price originally asked of Boulton. [Birmingham City Ref. Lib. archive dept, Boulton papers] The evidence suggests that Seddon was a member of the Board and, taken with the evidence of the firm's bill-heads, it seems safe to say that Seddon was financially involved in a firm which manufactured plate glass for both windows and mirror glass. In all probability the large plate glass intended for the Empress of Russia and destroyed in the 1783 fire was made by the British Plate Glass Manufacturers. Whether it was made at Aldersgate St is another matter: one would like confirmation from other sources before stating that Seddon was the only known London furniture maker to branch out into glass making in the late 18th and early 19th century. In 1804 George Seddon's sons, Thomas and George, owed money to a glass company and tried to raise cash by selling glass in New York.

George Seddon was in the same entrepreneurial mould as Matthew Boulton who, in 1781, wished him ‘success in your great undertaking’. [Boulton papers, Letter Book M51] This could have referred to Seddon's glass making ventures or to the fact that he bought a copy of James Watt's copying machine. [Letter Book M. 72, see also H. W. Dickinson, James Watt, Craftsman and Engineer, Cambridge 1936, pp. 191–97 and Art Union, 1848, p. 193] This was a forerunner of the carving machines which were used commercially by certain furniture makers from the 1840s. It may be that Seddon attempted to use the machine to cut down the cost of roughing out carving which then had to be finished by hand. If so, Seddon again appears as a pioneer; on this occasion in terms of the mechanisation of the production process in furniture making. George Seddon trained his sons within the family firm and bound them through the Joiners’ Co. His first born, named George, was app. in 1769 but died sometime before Thomas was bound as a cm from 1775 to 1782. The younger son George was also bound through the Joiners’ Co. two years later but he was trained as an u. Although Seddon snr was in an influential position within the Joiners’ Co. (he joined the Livery in 1757 and became master in 1795) his son George was forced to become free of the Upholders’ Co. in 1787 upon threat of legal action by the company.

George Seddon took his sons into partnership in about 1785. From about 1790–95 his son-in-law Thomas Shackleton, u (who had married Mary, the eldest daughter) was also a member of the firm which then traded as ‘Seddon, Sons & Shackleton’. Thomas appears to have shared his father's enterprising spirit, if not his abilities. In the 1790s, at a time when he was working in the family partnership with his father and brother, he started in business for himself. Directories show him at 10 Charterhouse St (1790–97) and at 24 Dover St (1793–1800). He took on two apps, Aveline in 1791 for £105 and Holt in 1793 for £100 and in the former year independently subscribed to Sheraton's Drawing Book, giving the Dover St address. He formed a partnership with John Blease about 1802, at a time when he was in great financial difficulties. The latter eventually took over the firm, probably after Seddon's death in 1804, although it appears in directories as Blease & Seddon until the former's bankruptcy in 1811. [PRO, B3/274]

When he retired in 1798, George Seddon passed on the firm to his two sons. He allowed them to use £25,000 remaining in the business at 5% interest and they agreed to pay him £1,000 per annum to rent the Aldersgate St premises. On retirement Seddon made a will, supplemented by a codicil of 1799, to provide for his family after his death. His wife had died in 1788 but he had three daughters, Dorothy, Mary and Lydia who were each left £6,000. In order to assist his sons, to whom he left the residue of this estate, George Seddon specified that the money for the legacies be left in the firm for two years after his death whereupon half should be paid, followed by the other half in a further three years. George Seddon snr died in 1801 and two years later Mary and Lydia pressed for their legacies (Dorothy having died). The brothers found themselves unable to pay. Thomas Shackleton claimed that they had mis-managed the business and it is clear that what had once been a flourishing concern floundered after the retirement and death of its founder.

Despite the production of ‘patent’ furniture, using a mechanism developed and patented by Day Gunby in 1798 [Patent No. 2248], whereby a small reading desk or nest of drawers and pigeon-holes could be made to rise up from tables, desks and other items of furniture, by means of a system of weights, bolts and springs, the brothers were not successful in business. By 1804, the pair, who were both commissioned as officers in the volunteer army in that year (Thomas as Lieutenant Colonel and George as a Captain of the London (Loyal) 11th Regiment), faced bankruptcy.

The finances are somewhat difficult to disentangle. Some debts went back to the days of Seddon snr, as in the case of John Pollard, Thomas's father-in-law who was owed over £20,000 from the years 1795–1801. Thomas Seddon borrowed over £6,000 from Frank Cappell of Nottingham St (who had also loaned money to Seddon snr) without the knowledge of his younger brother and partner and escaped bankruptcy only by death. George Seddon II claimed in court that his brother had paid him an annuity in lieu of his interest in the family firm but this was not confirmed by anyone else and was probably the desperate claim of a desperate man. He made attempts to raise money to pay the firm's creditors by disposing of furniture and glass as far afield as New York and the Cape of Good Hope. 6s in the pound was paid to creditors in 1805 and an extra 2s in 1806, followed by further sums in 1814. By the time he died in 1815, George Seddon II had not redeemed the family fortunes but he had done sufficient for the family firm to continue.

The records of George Seddon's bankruptcy case reveal a number of tradesmen from whom he bought goods to use in his trade or whose services he used between 1804 and 1815. They included brass founders (John D. Griffith, Birmingham, Thomas Jones and Edward Barker, Birmingham, George Penton, New St Sq., London and Thomas Catherwood, Hoxton); japanners (Smith, Morley & Mason, St John's Sq., John Scott, Pentonville, and Boswell & Scott, Clerkenwell Green); horse hair manufacturers (William Lewis, Old St, and Cabel Welch Collings, Fleet St); carpet manufacturers/ warehousemen (John Lea, James Cole, John Cooper and Henry Talbot, all of Kidderminster, Francis Seward, Wilton, John Clarke, Market Harborough, Thomas Whitty, Axminster, Thomas Willows, Leicester Sq., Robert Richards, Finsbury Sq., Daniel Sutton, Southampton St and Henry Widnell, Holborn); glass manufacturers/glassmen (Thomas Quinton, East Smithfield, Thomas H. Fenton, West Smithfield, William Peckham, Grayston Passage and John Blands, Ludgate Hill); timber merchants (William Fox, Lambeth, Michael Crapping, Lambeth, Joseph Cross, Lambeth, J. McLean French, Marshall St, William Quincey, Albion Wharf, Surrey, James Yerroway, Blackfriars and Thomas L. Carter, Deptford); paper stainers (Benjamin Mind, Beech St and John Hall, Aldermanbury); blanket manufacturers (John Sheppard, Witney and John Henver, Witney); dyers (Joseph Landell, Old Change, Thomas Hughes, Bunhill Row, and James Eve, Rawstorne St); silk mercers (James Brant, Cheapside and John Fearn, Ludgate Hill); leather gilders (John Newberry, Upper Marylebone St and George Footman, West Smithfield); linen drapers (Harry Kemp, Islington Rd, John Waugh & James Reid, Edinburgh and David Greg, Kirkcaldy, Scotland); a glue manufacturer (Stephen Goom, Southwark); a bell hanger (Peter Odell, Goswell St); a furniture printer (J. Hill Darley, Sackville St) and an undertaker (Benjamin Holmes, Cripplegate). [PRO, B3 4464] This list indicates the number and type of manufacturers and suppliers with whom it was necessary to liaise in order to run a large scale furniture-making firm.

In the midst of his financial problems George Seddon II hoped that the firm would be able to continue as a family business after his death. In his will of 1808 he recommended his wife to take a partner who could manage the business and bring at least £8,000 into the firm in the event of financial difficulties after his death. He suggested, however, that if money was not withdrawn from the firm on his death then his wife should continue to run it on her own until their eldest nephew was of age. As it was, Thomas Seddon II, who had been app. to his uncle from 1806–13 and had obtained his freedom of the Upholders’ Co. in 1815, took over immediately after his uncle's death in 1815. He was joined by his brother, George III, soon after the latter completed his apprenticeship in 1817 and, together, they ran the family business until the 1850s.

Little is known of the firm between 1815 and 1826 when the brothers signed a prefatory recommendation to P. and M. A. Nicholson's Practical Cabinet Maker, 1826. In 1827 George Seddon III went into partnership with Nicholas Morel, who had been chosen by King George IV as furniture maker in charge of re-furnishing Windsor Castle [G. de Bellaigue and P. Kirkham] Morel did not join the Seddon family firm. It was only George Seddon who initially went into partnership with Morel in 1827, although Thomas stood surety for his brother and Morel when they signed a bond with George IV for £10,500 in the same year and joined the partnership in September 1830.

The firm of Morel and Seddon used Morel's address, 13 Gt Marlborough St, but the work was produced at the Seddon workshops in Aldersgate St. Morel needed the co-operation of a large established firm for the Windsor commission, which was eventually to amount to nearly £200,000, and Seddon probably offered the largest workshops in London as well as experienced draughtsmen, managers and skilled workers. Within the partnership, Morel generally took charge of the major artistic decisions while George Seddon ran the business side, negotiating advances and agreeing delivery details with the Treasury and Lord Chamberlain's Office. [G. de Bellaigue and P. Kirkham] Morel and Seddon employed designers who worked with assistants in the ‘artists’ room’ in Aldersgate St. They included Bogaerts; J.-J. Boileau; F.-H.-G. JacobDesmalter (furniture and furnishings in the Neo-classical style) and A. W. N. Pugin (furniture and furnishings in the Gothic style).

In June 1830 the Treasury refused to pay more than the balance owing on Morel and Seddon's original estimate of £143,000 rather than the sum of over £200,000 which they by then demanded. The whole question of cost was examined by a Select Committee which reported to the House of Commons in February 1831, but it was not until the end of that year that it was decided to accept a final bill of £179,300 18s 9d.

Apart from a very large commission to supply furniture worth over £15,000 to Stafford House for the Marquess of Stafford in 1830, the work of Morel and Seddon appears to have been restricted to royal work. Windsor Castle was the main commission but work was also done for other royal houses and palaces. Royal patronage continued after George IV's death and the firm altered a rosewood dining table for William IV in 1831. Morel's name disappears from the royal accounts in 1831. The work then passed to George and Thomas Seddon alone although they were not officially given the royal warrant until 1832. [PRO, LC3/60] The delay in payments relating to the Windsor work caused problems and in February 1832 creditors of Morel and Seddon requested the suspension of payments to the firm by the Lord Chamberlain's Office until its affairs were sorted out. [PRO, LC1/16] In August and October 1832 T. and G. Seddon experienced difficulty in extracting payments for royal work and complained of having to meet ‘heavy engagements’. The latter may have referred to expenditure involved in a move to Gray's Inn Rd from Aldersgate St which took place at about that time. The decision to move was made after a fire of 1830 did extensive damage to the premises: 100 tool chests belonging to Seddon workmen were destroyed. [Times, 11 and 13 August 1830] The new premises were designed by J. B. Papworth, who added large open sheds for drying veneers in 1836. The firm's finances remained in a delicate position. In 1840 a charge of bankruptcy was brought but annulled. [PRO, B4/48.190] The story of the firm beyond this date lies outside the remit of this dictionary, but an interesting glimpse of the family and firm can be found in J. Seddon, Memoirs, 1858. [GCM; DEF; Heal; C. Williams, (trans.), Sophie in London (1786), 1933; G. B. and T. Hughes, Small Antique Furniture, 1967; G. Wills, English Furniture 1760–1900; H. Spear (ed.), Memoirs of William Hickey, 1948, vol. IV, pp. 26 and 365; C. Life, 21 October 1933, pp. 415–18; C. Life, 27 January 1934, p. 102; C. Life, 20 January 1934, pp. 72–73; C. Life, 17 January 1947, p. 180; C. Life, 21 February 1957, pp. 330–31; Apollo, May 1957, pp. 177–81; Antiques, October, 1960, pp. 362–63; C. Life, 2 June 1966, p. 1400; Times, 22 June 1967; C. Life, 15 January 1970, pp. 130–31; C. Gilbert and I. Hall, ‘New Light on the Firm of Seddon’, LAC, 1971, 68, pp. 17–19; G. de Bellaigue and P. Kirkham, ‘George IV and The Furnishing of Windsor Castle’, Furn. Hist., 1972, pp. 1–34]
SAXMUNDHAM, Suffolk (Charles Long). 1766: Bill for mahogany sideboard, £4 13s. 1768: Bill (addressed to Bond St) for chest of drawers, chamber table, walnut kitchen chairs, bottle cistern. [Suffolk RO, HA/18/EC/4 and 14]
HULL, Houses in High St and Charlotte St (Joseph Robinson Pease). 1778: Bill for wardrobe, sideboard, dressing tables, writing table, billiards table, chairs, etc. £221 17s. [V&A Lib., 86 CC 45] 1781 bill. Total £352 13s 10d for drawing room furniture. Reprinted in full in LAC, no. 68, 1971, pp. 17–19.
STRETTON HALL, Staffs. (Mr Turner). 1780: Bill for pearl inlay on card tables, repairs, carpet etc. £2 13s 6d signed T. Cobham for George Seddon. 1782: Bill for mounting screen, varnishing chest, £1. [V&A Lib., Box 11.86.KK]
TOWNELEY HALL, Lancs. (Charles Towneley). 1780: Payment in account bk to Seddon for Pembroke table £5 10s, writing table £22 10s. [Account bk in possession of Mr Simon Towneley]
CROFT CASTLE, Herefs. (Sir Herbert Croft). c. 1780: Combined writing table and filing cabinet known as ‘The Croft’. [Nat. Trust Guide, Croft Castle, 1982, p. 23 and A. Heal, ‘The Croft: an 18th century writing cabinet’, C. Life, 17 January 1947, p. 80 (features piece with label which states it was manufactured and sold by Messrs. Seddon, Sons & Shackleton]
MRS ELIZABETH MONTAGU. Probably for 22 Portman Sq., London 1782. Seddon probably supplied Mrs Montagu with a piece of furniture ornamented with paintings by Boulton & Co. In that year Matthew Boulton informed George Seddon that ‘the paintings’ about which he had enquired and which Mrs Montagu wanted could be made fit for the object they were to ornament. [Birmingham City Ref. Lib., Boulton papers, Letter Book I, 912, MB to GS, 10 January 1782]
HON. H. FANE. The entry ‘To Siddons for a Bed’ in 1783–85 noted in his accounts presumably refers to Seddon. [Lincoln RO, Fane 7/1, April 1783 — £41 5s 0d]
RUSSIA, (Empress of Russia). 1783: Large plate glass intended for Empress destroyed in fire at Seddon's warehouse.
AUDLEY END, Essex (Lord Howard). 1783: Reflecting lanthorn £3 13s 6d. 1786: Wainscot bureau, mahogany chest of drawers, mahogany wardrobe £15 4s. [Essex RO, D/DBy/A41 and 44/10 respectively]
MASTER ROBERT HEATHCOTE, 1786; Account bk of Heathcote's expenses includes 8s ‘To Cash Paid Mr. Seddon Cabinet Maker For A Table Writing Desk’. [Lincoln RO, 3ANC 6/20]
HEATON HALL, Manchester (Sir Thomas Egerton, Bt). 1783: Bill to Seddon £18 14s. 1790: Bill to Seddon £4 10s 6d. [Preston RO, Bank deposit and account bks, DDEg. Unpaginated]
WILLIAM CLAYTON. 1787: Bill. Geo. Seddon & Sons. ‘Seddon's bill for Mariann's box’. Bill signed by John Jacobs for George Seddon. A satinwood work box and leather cover £13 8s. [C. Life, 20 January 1934, pp. 72–73]
BADMINTON HOUSE, Glos. (5th Duke of Beaufort). 1788: Received £93 as ‘Seddon & Co.’. 1789: Ibid., Received £42. 1791: Ibid., Received £56 7s. [Badminton papers, 5th Duke of Beaufort's copy of Hoare's bank bk, 1788–91]
CALCUTTA, India (William Hickey). 1791: Billiard table made by Seddon, purchased at price of 1000 sicca rupees (approx. £188). [A. Spear (ed.), Memoirs of William Hickey, 1948, vol. IV, pp. 26 and 365]
HAUTEVILLE HOUSE, St Peter Port, Guernsey (D. Tupper). 179–: Bill of Geo. Seddon, Sons & Shackleton for £414 11s 4½ for furniture including 18 painted satinwood elbow chairs which cost 73s 6d each. Three French stools (window seats) were made to match at £15 15s each and a settee for £17 10s. Also supplied were mahogany chairs, a pair of girandoles and screens. [DEF, vol. 1, p. 301, fig. 241; E. F. Strange, ‘Seddon Furniture’, Old Furniture, 1928, vol. v, pp. 118–20, and M. Harris & Sons, Old English Furniture, 1935, pp. 62–63] A window seat resembling those from the set described above was sold at Christie's [Apollo, December 1960, p. 225, figs a & b] while a pair of chairs were sold at Sotheby's, 20 November 1970, lot 191. One seat rail stamped ‘IP’, the other stamped ‘WR’, twice. Lot 190 was a matching semi-circular card table.
BRIDWELL HOUSE, Dorset (R. Clarke). 1792–93: Bill.
Seddon Sons & Shackleton for furniture £139 0s 4d. This included matching satinwood card and Pembroke tables with leather covers, £25 for the three; two white and gold tripods with cut glass, £21; and ten white and gold elbow chairs covered with the owner's own needlework, £46 and a matching sofa, £12. The original bill, together with a letter from the firm, was sold with the ‘white and gold tripods’ catalogued as ‘painted and parcel-gilt, torchères [with] cutglass drop-hung foliate drip-pans … 167 cm high’ at Sotheby's, 19 June 1981, Lot 109. Later sold through Hotspur Ltd.
NORWAY, Ulefoss Manorhouse, near Posgrunn (Niels Aalls). In 1793 Seddon exported 28 pieces of furniture (mainly mahogany) though several items were ‘japanned’ i.e. painted white). The bill totalled £73 3s. [Apollo, May 1955, p. 144, May 1957, pp. 180–81, figs V–VIII]
WOBURN, Beds. (Francis, 5th Duke of Bedford). 1793: 4 satinwood pillar & claw octagon tables £20. [Bedford Office, London]
MASSINGBERD. 1793: May 23: Mr Siddons ‘A Mattress. £3 4s 6d D°, A Door Rug 2s. — £3 6s 6d’. ‘Sept 31: Mattress, Siddons Bill. £3 5s’. These entries presumably relate to a Seddon commission. [Lincoln RO, Massingberd, MM 9110]
SPAIN (King Charles IV). 1793: Cabinet made to order of King Charles IV of Spain. Designed by Sir William Chambers, decorated with panels painted by Sir William Hamilton and made by Seddon, Sons & Shackleton. Name of the main craftsman involved (R. Newham) and date on which it was finished (28 June 1793) inscribed inside. The cabinet was broken up after 1908 when it was shown at the Franco-British Exhibition. [Conn., XVIII, 1907, p. 211; DEF, III, pp. 68–69]
PHILADELPHIA, USA (William Bingham). The traveller Henry Wansey noted that the drawing room chairs in Bingham's ‘magnificent house’ in Philadelphia were from Seddon's in London. They were in ‘the newest taste; the back in the form of lyre, adorned with festoons of crimson and yellow silk’. [H. Wansey, Excursion to the United States of North America in the Summer of 1794, quoted in C. Montgomery, American Furniture: The Federal Period, 1966, p. 42]
KENWOOD HOUSE, London (2nd Lord Mansfield). 1795: Payment noted in bank account of Lord Mansfield to Seddon & Co. £35 10s. (Hoare's Bank]
THE MANOR HOUSE, Lee (Lewisham) (Thomas Baring). 1798: Bill for supplying items including a crib bedstead and repairing and cleaning a dressing table and folding bedstead. The firm charged £1 2s 10d for cutting Baring's own plank of satinwood into veneers (120 feet of them). Total bill £17 19s 10d. [Private archive]
DEVONSHIRE PLACE, London (Lord Deerhurst). 1799: Bill from George Seddon and Sons to Lord Deerhurst, son of the 6th Earl of Coventry, totalled £1,068 12s 11d. It included chairs, dining tables, bedstead, carpet, music stand, cushions, glove stand, repairs, etc. mainly for his London house. [Herefs. RO, Croome Court archive, account 128, 1799] There is a further long bill [account 138.n.d.] which includes stuffing a sofa, laying a carpet, and supplying chimney glasses, a writing table, breakfast table, floor cloth, Pembroke table, dining tables, festoon window curtains, Venetian window blinds, hall chairs and other items which probably also relate to the London house).
LONGFORD CASTLE, Wilts. (3rd Earl of Radnor). 1801: Payment in Longford Castle accounts to Seddon & Co.
GORHAMBURY, Herts. 1807: 5 March. Mr Seddon's Bill for Furniture in the Drawing Room, £75 4s. [Herts. RO, Gorhambury account bk XI, 77]
JOANNA SOUTHCOTT. 1814. Cradle for ‘Prince of Peace’, the Messiah which Southcott announced she was expecting. It was reported that her followers subscribed £1,000 towards the cost (which was given by Wheatley as £500) and flocked to see it at London House. [H. B. Wheatley, London Past and Present, 1891, vol. 1, pp. 22, 24; C. Life, 21 October 1933, p. 417]
STONELEIGH ABBEY, Warks. (Henry Leigh). 1819: rosewood dressing table £24. [Shakespeare Birthplace Trust, Leigh receipts, DR 18/5]
HAMPTON COURT, Leominster, Herefs. (John Arkwright). 1829: Bill for furniture including ‘rosewood occasional table £18 and Davenport £21. Total £42 3s. [Herefs. RO, A63/161, Hampton Court Coll., dispersed 1912. NB. see later commission of 1840]
LORD MACARTNEY. 1790: Bill from Thomas Seddon, 24 Dover St. [Heal Coll., BM]
HENRY THOMAS, LORD VISCOUNT FALKLAND. 1794: Thomas Seddon, Dover St. Furnished house for Lord Viscount Falkland who rented the furniture (total value £1,400). [PRO, C12 198/30]
BADMINTON HOUSE (?), Glos. (5th Duchess of Beaufort). 1793: Seddon, Sons & Shackleton supplied a large square mahogany sofa. Received £33 2s 6d. [Badminton papers, The Duchess of Beaufort's red leather account bk]
PRINCE OF WALES and DUKE OF SUSSEX. Blease & Seddon's label on sideboard: ‘Upholstery, Cabinet & Carpet manufacturer’, Dover St. [Christie's, 15 April 1982, lot 95]
WINDSOR CASTLE. 1827–32: Morel & Seddon, 13 Gt Marlborough St. [See G. de Bellaigue and P. Kirkham]
STAFFORD HOUSE (Marquess of Stafford). 1830: Receipted bill 30 March 1830, £15,410 8s. [Staffs. RO, D 593/R/2/10/6]
ROYAL COMMISSIONS [Royal Warrant, October 1832, PRO, LC3/60)] T. & G. Seddon, 1829–40: work at Brighton Pavilion; Belvedere, St James's Palace; Royal Lodge, Windsor; Kew Palace and Cumberland Lodge. Early work was mainly jobbing and repairs. Other work included: December 1832 (Brighton Pavilion) for Her Majesty's own use. A Spanish mahogany writing table £26 and September 1834 (Windsor, for corridor) 6 square framed scagliola thermes £78 [Windsor Royal Archives, Box 1, Item 17, Estimates] December 1835. 8 wainscot sofas in ‘Elizabethan character’ very similar to specification for Thomas Turner December 1835) covered in crimson plush £374 [Windsor Royal Archives, Box 1, Item 2] 1839/40: Among bills for ‘Extra Expenses for the Accommodation of HRH The Prince Albert’ at Windsor prior to his marriage with Victoria is one for a 6’ maple 4–post bedstead with richly carved pillars and footboard and elaborately inlaid cornice and centre ornaments £124. [PRO, LC11/107] March 1839: Suite of maplewood bookcases and cabinets inlaid with purple wood statuary £430. December 1840: A rich mahogany and gold cot and two mahogany wash hand stand. Total £300. [Windsor Royal Archives, Box 1, Item 2] [The main references for this royal work are PRO, LC11 and Windsor Royal Archives, account bks, estimates]
GOVERNMENT HOUSE, Prince Edward Island, Canada. 1835: Some of the furniture supplied by Seddon. [Information from Mrs P. Mackenzie, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island]
HAMPTON COURT, Leominster, Herefs. (John Arkwright). 1840: Bill for a 9′ mahogany wardrobe £112. [Herefs. RO, A63/161]
LABELLED/STAMPED PIECES:
SEDDON, SONS & SHACKLETON (labels). Mahogany writing table or ‘croft’: 20″ wide. [Sotheby's, 1 November 1946, lot 156]
Mahogany pedestal writing table, rectangular top. 5′ 6″ × 3′ 5½″. [Sotheby's, 30 May 1975, lot 93]

Dressing table c.1800. Mahogany, inlaid in mahogany, box, satinwood and ebony with painted floral borders on cabinet doors. Glass roll-top in centre enclosing four turned satinwood toilet boxes 58″ × 32¾″ × 16″. [MMA, NY Acc. no. 19.66 (illus. Antiques, October 1960, p. 363)]
THOMAS AND GEORGE SEDDON 1798–1804 (labels). n.d. Mahogany architect's table, rectangular top concealing pigeon holes, rising drawing table 30″ × 33″ (Day Gunby patent) engraved brass tablet PATENT. SEDDON NO. 6.
[Sotheby's 20 July 1951, Lot 180. Illus. C. Life, 21 February 1957, pp. 330–31]

n.d. Writing-cum-Pembroke table, early 19th-century, brass label. PATENT SEDDON NO. 45. [Illus. Heal, p. 260]

n.d. Mahogany mechanical writing desk, brass label engraved PATENT SEDDON NO. 13. Rectangular top concealing double bank of pigeon holes (Day Gunby patent). [Sotheby's Parke Bernet, 27 September 1980 and Christie's, New York, 17 October 1981, lot 159]

n.d. Sofa table with mechanical works, counter balance etc. to convert to writing table or adjustable reading desk (Day Gunby patent). [Conn., June 1950, p. 46]

SEDDON'S UPHOLSTERY & CABINET WAREHOUSE, 24 Dover St, Piccadilly (labels). c.1800. Amboyna and satinwood tea caddy recorded (Figs 19–21).
n.d. satinwood tea-caddy, tulip cross-banding and, yew panels. [Conn., October 1957, p. 97, fig. 10]
BLEASE & SEDDON (c.1802–11), 24 Dover St (label). n.d. Mahogany pedestal sideboard with brass rail and top inlaid with chequered lines. [Christie's, 15 April 1982, lot 95]
T. SEDDON (punched stamp). n.d. 3 single chairs, bird's eye maple and gilt, leaf carved toes on sabre legs and back uprights: stamped T. Seddon. [Advert. Conn., July 1978]
THOMAS & GEORGE SEDDON, London House, Aldersgate St (labels). n.d. c.1825 small writing table. T. & G. Seddon label bears no. 1214. [Heal, p. 260]
n.d. c.1825, rosewood tea caddy, label bears no. 1901. [C. Life, 2 June 1966, p. 1400]
n.d. rosewood in Empire style Davenport, brass mounts. [Randolph advert, n.d.]
n.d. rosewood escritoire, Regency period. [Antiques, May 1953, p. 404]
n.d. rosewood escritoire, Regency period, label bears no. 6048. [Conn., June 1950, p. 45]
THOMAS & GEORGE SEDDON, Gray's Inn Rd. n.d. rosewood writing table on two end supports. Frieze fitted with six drawers. Label no. 2151 inscribed ‘Roso’ in manuscript. [Christie's, 14 May 1981]
n.d. writing table on two end supports recorded with label no. 2866 inscribed ‘H— Lowther’ in manuscript.

[GL, records of Joiners’ Co., Upholders’ Co., Insurance Companies and Livery lists; PRO, bankruptcy B3/4464; Inland Revenue app. records (IR) and Lord Chamberlain's Office Records (LCO)) and V&A Lib. (86 M. M. 13. A. W. N. Pugin. Notes for an uncompleted autobiography 1812–31). See also the following newspapers/journals: Annual Register, July 1768; Daily Advertiser, 15 July 1768; Gazetteer and New Daily Advertiser, 18 July 1768; Public Advertiser, 18 July 1768; Newcastle Chronicle, 23 July 1768; Norfolk Chronicle, 8 November 1783; Times, 11, 12, 13, 14 and 16 August 1830] P.K.

Seddon, Henry, 13 Spitalfields, Liverpool, cm (1781–84). [D]

Seddon, Henry, 85 Byrom St, Liverpool, cm (1829). [D]

Seddon, Henry, Liverpool, cm (1820–30). App. to William Harvey in 1820 and seven years later petitioned for his freedom. Sworn free in 1830. [App. enrolment bk; freemen's committee bk]

Seddon, John, Ditchfield Ct, Long Millgate, Manchester, cm (1834). [D]

Seddon, Richard, Liverpool, cm (1824–37). App. to William Harvey in 1824 and in 1837 trading from 22 Maguire St. [D; app. enrolment bk]

Seddon, Thomas, see George Seddon.

Seddon, Thomas, 29 Howell Croft, Bolton, Lancs., joiner, cm and u (1816–18). [D]

Seddon, William, 5 Chaucer St, Liverpool, cm (1827). [D]

Sedgely, Arthur, Sponstreet Ward, Coventry, Warks., turner and chairmaker (1728). Took out insurance cover of £200 on his timber and merchandise. [GL, Sun MS vol. 26, 3 April 1728]

Sedgwick, Christopher, York, cm (1758–84). Son of William Sedgwick, carpenter and father of William Sedgwick, cm. Free 1758, and in the same year shown at Coney St. In Blake St, 1784–87. [D; poll bks; freemen rolls] See Thomas and William Sedgwick of Blake St.

Sedgwick & Son, John, Eccleston St, Prescot, Lancs., joiner and cm (1814–28). In 1816 the business was listed as John jnr & Thomas Sedgwick, and in 1828 as John Sedgwick only. [D]

Sedgwick, Thomas, Blake St, York, cm (1784). [Poll bk]

Sedgwick, Thomas, York, cm and u (1830–40). At 7 Mint Yd in 1830 and from 1837–40 at 25 Blake St. [D] See Christopher Sedgwick.

Sedgwick, Thomas, Fazakerley St, Prescot, Lancs., joiner and cm (1828). [D]

Sedgwick, William, Blake St, York, cm and u (1783–1838). Son of Christopher Sedgwick, cm, and probably took over his business which was also in Blake St. Free in 1783, and living at Blake St from 1784. Listed at no. 25, 1828–30. Took as app. Robert Watson on 1 May 1821. One directory of 1816 gives his address as Petergate. [D; poll bk; app. reg.; freemen rolls]

Sedman, John, Cliffe Lane, Whitby, Yorks., cm (1823). [D]

Sedwell, William, parish of St Clement Danes, London, upholder (1708–23). Free of the Upholders’ Co., 7 July 1708. Took as app. Edward White, 1713–21. In December 1723 insured a house on the south side of the Strand for £250 and another ‘near over a passage leading into Fountain tavern’ for £300. [GL, Upholders’ Co. records; Sun MS vol. 28, refs 32549–50]

Seed, John, Liverpool, cm (1827–39). Shown in one 1827 directory at 2 Gt George Pl., but in another at 153 London Rd. Thereafter the addresses are all in London Rd, the number being 186 in 1829, 180 in 1834, 192 in 1835, 198 in 1837 and 14 in 1839. [D]

Seehausen, —, Covent Gdn, London, cm (1728–30). In 1728 supplied for Holkham Hall, Norfolk, two mahogany tables costing £3 10s the pair. In the following year supplied a further mahogany table at £2 10s. Supplied a frame for a sideboard table to Longford Castle, Wilts. in 1730 at a cost of £5 15s. [V&A archives]

Seekerson, James, Gray Stone St, Dudley, Staffs., cm, u and clock case maker (1840). [D]

Seel, George, 29 Lombard St, Liverpool, chairmaker (1794). [D]

Seel, George, 71 Shudehill, Manchester, chair warehouse (1808–11). [D] See Sarah Seel.

Seel, James, Liverpool, cm and victualler (1805–11). At 17 Smithfield St in 1805, 12 Upper Milk St in 1807 and 7 Upper Milk St, 1810–11. [D]

Seel, Sarah, 82 Shudehill, Manchester, chair warehouse (1802). [D] Possibly succeeded by George Seel.

Seel, Thomas, 37 Cock Gates, Manchester, chairmaker (1794– 97). [D]

Seers, Mathew, Dry Bridge, Liverpool, cm (1767). The death of his wife was announced in January 1767. [Williamson's Liverpool Advertiser, 2 January 1767]

Seeth, John, Burgate, Canterbury, Kent, cm (1784). [D]

Sefton, Thomas, Misterton, Notts., joiner and cm (1832). [D]

Sefton, William, Liverpool, cm (1810–34). At 20 Christian St, 1810–11, 5 Springfield St in 1821 and 6 Springfield St, 1824– 34. [D]

Segar, Stephen, York, u (1788). Declared bankrupt, Williamson's Liverpool Advertiser, 28 January 1788.

Selby, Daniel, Buttermarket, Ipswich, Suffolk, cm (1808). [D]

Selby, Isaac, Hensingham, Whitehaven, Cumb., joiner/cm (1834). [D]

Selby, James, Little Britain, near St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, ‘an eminent Picture Frame-maker, and Dealer in Pictures’ (d.1773). Death at his house near Little Britain reported in Public Advertiser, 6 November 1773.

Selby, James, Ratcliffe, London, cm and broker (1801–21). At 32 Cannon St, Ratcliffe in 1808, but by July 1821 at no. 17. He took out insurance cover on this latter address for £200, half of which was for utensils and stock. [D; PRO, C13/591 / 31; GL, Sun MS vol. 484, ref. 981652]

Selby, Thomas, corner of Queen St, near Gurney's Bank, Norwich, u (1795–96). Immediately prior to 1795 he had been in partnership with a Mr Punchard, probably Robert Punchard. When this broke up he moved to the Queen St address. He advertised his ability to provide military gentlemen ‘with good camp furniture, of which a list may be had at his upholstery warehouse’. [Bury and Norwich Post, 10 June 1795; poll bk]

Selby, Thomas, Butter Mkt, Ipswich, Suffolk, cm (1805). [D]

Selby, Thomas, 49 Cannon St, St George's East, London, cabinet, toy and pattern manufacturer (1826). [D]

Selby, Thomas, St Pancras, London, upholder (1830). Freeman of Norwich. [Norwich poll bk]

Selby, William, 16 Sittlewhites Alley, Chancery Lane, London, chair painter (1810). In April 1810 took out insurance cover of £100 of which £60 was for stock and utensils. [GL, Sun MS vol. 453, ref. 844282]

Selden (or Seldon), John, Petworth, Sussex, carver (1688–d.1715). Worked at Petworth House from 1688–97 being paid £10 a quarter in 1689, and later may have had £50 p.a. His work survives in the Chapel and the Hall of State (Marble Hall) in the form of picture frames and cornices. He appears to have been a member of a local family and his burial at Petworth is recorded on 12 January 1715. [Sussex Arch. Collections, XCVI (1958), pp. 59, 96; C. Life, 4 September 1980, p. 799; Beard, Georgian Craftsmen]

Self, James, Norwich, cm (1802–30). Son of Thomas Self, cm and free on 8 May 1802. In 1802 living in the parish of St Margaret but by July 1830 in the parish of St Lawrence. His son Richard Self, a cordwainer was made free on 18 August 1830. [Poll bks; freemen admission reg.]

Self, John, Green St, Bath, Som., carver and gilder (1793). [D]

Self, John, Ship Lane, Wisbech, Cambs., cm and u (1824–30). In 1830 the address was given as Ship Passage. [D]

Self, Robert, Misterley, Essex, cm (1818–30). Freeman of Norwich. [Norwich poll bks] See Thomas Self of Misterley.

Self, Robert, Manningtree, Essex, cm etc. (1832–39). [D]

Self, Thomas Cowell, Norwich and East Dereham, Norfolk, cm (1770–1818). Son of Thomas Self, bricklayer. Free of Norwich on 2 April 1770, and in 1780 shown in the parish of St Andrew. Remained in Norwich until 1797, but by July 1802 at East Dereham where he remained until at least November 1806. By October 1812 back in Norwich. His son James Self, cm, was made free of Norwich on 8 May 1802. [Freemen admission reg.; Norwich poll bks]

Self, Thomas, Hardingham, Norfolk, cm (1799). Freeman of Norwich. [Norwich poll bk]

Self, Thomas James, Baxter Row, East Dereham, Norfolk, cm and broker (1822–39). [D]

Self, Thomas, Misterley, Essex, cm (1830). Freeman of Norwich. [Norwich poll bk] See Robert Self.

Self, W., 6 Crown St, Moorfields, London, u, auctioneer etc. (1820–37). [D]

Sell, John, Heath St, Hampstead, London, cm, u and furniture broker (1839). [D]

Seller, Christopher, Foss Bridge, York, cm (1774). [Poll bk]

Seller, John, Eastgate St, Chester, cm (1801–26). Son of William Seller, gardener and app. for seven years to Richard Gorst, cm, on 1 August 1801. Not free, however, until 19 June 1818. [App. reg.; freemen rolls; poll bks]

Seller, Samuel, Brook St, Chester, cm (1818–19). Free 15 June 1818. [Freemen rolls; poll bks]

Seller, William, Market Pl., Bridlington, Yorks. (1823–34). [D]

Sellers, James, Norton, Malton, Yorks., cm (1823–28). [D]

Sellers, John, Ebenezer St, Bradford, Yorks., cm (1830). [D]

Sellers, Richard, Market Rasen, Lincs., chairmaker (1822–40). Listed also as a wheelmaker in 1822, and trading at Bridge St, 1826–40. [D]

Sellers, Samuel, Exchange, Chester, cm (1816). [D]

Sellick, William, Exeter, Devon, cm (1827–40). Shown at James St, 1827–35, and then Mary Arches St, 1836–40. Three daughters were bapt. at St Mary Major, 1827–35, and a further daughter at St Olave in 1840. [D; PR (bapt.)]

Sellman, Henry, 1 Northampton Ct, Northampton St, London, cm (1802). Freeman of Oxford. [Oxford poll bk]

Sellons, John, Chelmsford, Essex, chairmaker (1790). Daughter Hannah bapt. on 17 December 1790. [PR (bapt.)]

Sells, Stephen, address unknown, cm (1687). On 18 October 1687 received payment of £6 from William, 5th Earl of Bedford for two long tables. [Bedford Office, London]

Selly, William, Yealmpton, Devon, chairmaker (1817). [Furn. Hist., 1976]

Selstone, John, Oxford, cm (1778). Drawn by lot to serve in the militia. [Jackson's Oxford Journal, 19 June 1778]

Selway, Thomas & Joseph, Milk Alley, Wardour St, Soho, London, cm and upholders (1785). In 1785 took out insurance cover of £200 on their utensils and stock. [GL, Sun MS vol. 239, p. 619]

Selwood, William, Holborn, London, carver (1777). Bankruptcy announced, Gents Mag., December 1777.

Semfield, Robert, Stockton, Co. Durham, u (1798). [D]

Semper, William, Bath, Som., upholder (1770). Bankruptcy announced, Gents Mag., October 1770.

Sempers, John, Newport, Lincoln, cm (1828–35). [D]

Semple, —, Margaret St, Newcastle, cm (1793). Subscribed to Sheraton's Drawing Book, 1793.

Semple, John & Alexander, London, cm and upholders (1803–16). At 78 Margaret St, Cavendish Sq. in 1803, in which year Semple was included in the list of master cabinet makers in Sheraton's Cabinet Dictionary. Sheraton was also to design their trade card which features an engraving of a furnished dining room. The Margaret St address is shown in one directory as late as 1808, but from October 1804 John Semple was using an address at 2 Berners St. This was described as a dwelling house, workshop and wareroom and was insured for £700. Alexander is first recorded as a partner in February 1806, by which time total insurance cover had risen to £3,200 indicating a substantial business. Utensils and stock alone accounted for £2,400 of this. As £1,500 of the stock was in an open yard this would suggest substantial timber stocks. Also insured in February 1806 was a house at 10 Grafton St, Fitzroy Sq. which was used in part as a store and valued at £500. The Berners St address was used until at least 1809, but by 1811 the partners had moved to Newman St, Oxford St. They also acted as house agents, and in 1806 advertised themselves as dealers in mahogany. A sofa table of their manufacture is at Temple Newsam House, Leeds. It was supplied in 1809 to William & Charles Shadbolt of Bankside, and was described as ‘a fine Kingwood Sophatable with orangewood border 2 Drawers on solid turned standards & Rich Brass Lions paws’ and charged at £22 (Figs 32–34). [D; GL, Sun MS vol. 431, ref. 767664; vol. 437, refs 787045–46; Gilbert, Leeds Furn. Cat., vol. 11, pp. 349–51]

Senea, William, Bakewell, Derbs., u (1820). [D]

Seneschal, J., address unknown, u (1786). Undertook work at Audley End, Essex under the direction of Chipchase & Lambert, u. Seneschal charged £35 13s 6d on 8 May 1786 for embroidery on bed hangings, chairs and stools. [V&A archives]

Senhouse, Peter, London, upholder (1774–84). At White Hart Yd, Westminster in 1774 and Queen St, Chelsea in 1784. [Poll bks]

Senhouse, William Minet, Lambeth, London, u and cm (1767– 69). The business is recorded in directories as Senhouse & Co., 1767–68. In April 1769, when bankruptcy proceedings were put in hand, only William Minet Senhouse was named. [D; Gents Mag., April 1769]

Senior, George, Carlton, near Barnsley, Yorks., joiner and cm (1837). [D]

Senior, John, Widemarsh St, Hereford, cm and upholder (1837). His billhead indicates that amongst items stocked were ‘writing desks, work boxes, dressing cases, music stools, floor cloths, Brussels and other carpets, paper hangings, Indian matts, table covers &c.’. An invoice of this maker survives for goods supplied to a Miss Wood between March and June 1837. The major furniture items included an ‘imitation Rosewood Sofa’ at £7, seven ‘stained Beech chairs with cushions’ at 10s 6d each, an ‘Ottoman Bed’ at £5 10s, a mahogany Pembroke table at £3 and a chiffonier at £5. [Hereford Lib., Pilley Coll., 2305 notebook 3]

Senken, G., High St, Deptford, London, feather bed maker and chairmaker (1838). [D]

Senols, James, London, upholder, appraiser and cabinet warehouse (1757–1817). Son of Henry Senols of the parish of St John, Wapping, tailor. App. to Charles Greenwood on 3 November 1757 and free of the Upholders’ Co. by servitude, 6 December 1764. Shown at 23 Fenchurch St, 1783–87 although one directory of 1784 gives the address as 1 Rood Lane. From 1790 at 81 Fore St, Moorgate. The long period of trading might suggest that there may have been a son of the same name involved in the business. James Senols took as app. William Davis, 1784–96. [D; GL, Upholders’ Co. records]

Senton, James, Carr St, Ipswich, Suffolk, turner and chairmaker (1830). [D]

Senton, James, Leeds, Yorks., cm (1826–34). In 1826 at Harrison St, in 1830 at 6 North St, and in 1834 at 13 Upper North St. [D]

Senton, John, North St, Leeds, Yorks., cm and u (1828–34). Listed at no. 6, 1828–30, and at 13 Upper North St, 1834. [D]

Senton, Thomas, Wingham St, Roundhay Rd, Leeds, Yorks., cm (1839). [D]

Senton, William, Leeds, Yorks., journeyman cm (1791). Included in the list of those in sympathy with the contents of the Leeds Cabinet and Chair Makers’ Book of Prices, 1791.

Sergeant, George, London, looking-glass manufacturer (1784–93). At 15 Old Broad St in 1784 and 17 College Hill, 1788–93. In 1790 also listed as a ‘pierglass & cabinetmaker’. [D]

Sergeant, James, Low Hill with a house at 1 Prospect St, Liverpool, joiner and cm (1824). [D]

Sergeant, Thomas, Oxford, u (1682). A widower, when on 20 November 1682 he married Alice Cox of St Cross, Oxford at the Church of All Saints. [Bodleian index of Oxf. marriage bonds]

Serjeant, John, 11 Concert St with a shop at 7 Parker St, Liverpool, cm (1834–35). [D]

Servant, Samuel, 7 Leather Lane, Holborn, London, carver and gilder (1839). [D]

Service, Thomas & David, Thomas St, Liverpool, joiners and cm (1834–39). At 4 Thomas St, 1834–37, but in 1839 the number was 5. [D]

Servies, James, 37 Gerrard St, Soho, London, French cm (1820). [D]

Servinshire, William, London, upholder (1719). Freeman of London. On 14 May 1719 took as app. Daniel Collins, son of Daniel Collins, freeman and girdler of London. [V&A archives]

Sessions, James, Palace St, Gloucester, cm and u (1830). [D]

Seth, Isaac, 9 Kings Pl., Commercial Rd, St George's East, London, cm and u (1827). [D]

Seth, William, St Thomas the Apostle (Exeter?), chairmaker (1736). In 1736 took app. named Giles. [S of G, app. index]

Seton, —, Chatham, Kent, upholder (1784). [D]

Setterfield, Thomas, Falcon St, Ipswich, Suffolk, cm and u (1830–39). [D; poll bks]

Settle, John, York, cm (1834). [D]

Settle, William, Whitehorse Yd with house at 22 Portland St, Hull, Yorks., cm (1838–40). [D]

Sever, Matthew, Butcher's Row, Beverley, Yorks., cm (1814–28). [D]

Severn, John, Jermyn St, London, upholder (1761–d. 1765). Member of the Society for Arts and Manufactures 1761.

Severn, Samuel, Jermyn St, St James's, London, upholder (1727–30). Freeman of Shrewsbury but living in the St James's area of London by 1727. In December 1730 took out insurance cover on household goods and stock in trade valued at £500 and kept in his house on the south side of Jermyn St. [Shrewsbury freemen rolls; GL, Sun MS vol. 33, ref. 52482] Possibly father of:

Severn, Samuel, Jermyn St, St James's, London, upholder (1734–72). App. to Thomas Arne and free of the Upholders’ Co. by servitude, 1734. Shown at Jermyn St in 1749. Took as app. John Allen, 1752–56. By 1769 in partnership with Henry Stuart and in this year they undertook work for Sir Gilbert Heathcote. In August 1769 they were responsible for the funeral of the Hon. Lady Margaret Heathcote. On 8 September they supplied twelve ‘strong yoked back chairs with matted seats for the garretts’ at 3s each and materials and a bed tick also probably for the servants’ quarters. The bill totalled £5 19s 4½d. A much more substantial commission for Sir Gilbert Heathcote in 1771 was in the name of Henry Stuart only and it is possible that the partnership had ended by this date. On 8 February 1772, however, Samuel Severn receipted a bill of Stuart's, after his death, on behalf of Mrs Bridget Catherine Stuart. [GL, Upholders’ Co. records; Westminster poll bk; Lincoln RO, 2 ANC 12/D/29, 2 ANC 12/D/28, ANC 8/12]

Severs, Benjamin, 110 Fleet St, London, upholder (1798–1802). Son of Samuel Severs of York, butcher. Free of the Upholders’ Co. by redemption, 14 November 1798. [GL, Upholders’ Co. records]

Severs, Samuel, York and Grantham, Lincs., u and auctioneer (1780–90). Son of Samuel Severs of York, butcher, and brother to Benjamin Severs. Free of York as an u in 1780, but by 1784 living at Grantham. On 7 May 1785 took as app. Thomas Marples at a premium of £42, and in March 1790 advertised for a further app. [D; York freemen rolls; York poll bk; PRO, IR 1/32; Lincoln, Rutland and Stamford Mercury, 5 March 1790]

Sevier, John, Bristol, cm (1815–25). At Pithay from 1815–16, but by 1817 in partnership with Brookshaw. Sevier & Brookshaw traded from an address in All Saint's St, Nelson St, 1817–24, but by 1825 the partnership appears to have ended and Sevier then traded on his own behalf from All Saint's St until 1828. [D]

Seward, —, Teignmouth, Devon, cm (1818). Also acted as agent for the hire of pianofortes and harps in S. Devon supplied through a Mr Pilbrow who maintained the ‘Grand Musical Repository’ probably in Exeter. [Exeter newspaper, 26 March 1818]

Seward, Henry, Southwark, London, upholder and bed and mattress manufacturer (1829–39). At 15–16 Eltham Pl., Kent Rd in 1829 and 15 Blackman St, 1835–39. [D]

Seward, P., Lancaster, japanner (1827). [Westminster Ref. Lib., Gillow records]

Seward, Thomas, Leicester and Rugby, Warks., u (1826). App. to John Measures of Leicester and free in 1826. In that year living in Rugby. [Leicester freemen rolls]

Seward, William, Exeter, Devon, cm and u (1830–34). In 1832 trading from Cathedral Yd, but in September 1834, when the death of his wife Alice was announced, he was living in Heavitree. [D; poll bk; Exeter Flying Post, 25 September 1834]

Seward, William J., Exeter, Devon, u (1830–37). At Old Excise Passage 1830; 218 High St, 1831–32; Sidwell St, 1834–36; and 16 King William Terr., 1837. [D]

Sewell, —, Alnwick, Northumb., (c. 1776–93). Included in a list of furniture makers drawn up c.1776 by the Duchess of Northumberland. [D; Gilbert, Chippendale, p. 154]

Sewell, —, Hertford(?), cm and u (1794). On 27 April 1794 supplied for Panshanger, Herts. a fire screen costing £4 14s 6d, and on 10 September two stools at £7 15s. Also carried out repairs to church pews etc., charging 14s 3d for this work on 27 June 1794. [Herts. RO, PAN Box 44 Bundle 7]

Sewell, George, address unknown, chairmaker (1756). On 25 May 1756 charged Peter Du Cane of Braxted Park, Essex £3 4s for eight chairs supplied to this house. [Essex RO, D/DDc A13 folio 59]

Sewell, Jacob, Workington, Cumb., joiner/cm (1828–34). At Washington St in 1829 and Pow St in 1834. [D]

Sewell, John, Gt Yarmouth, Norfolk and Bungay, Suffolk, cm (1777–95). Freeman of Gt Yarmouth. At Bungay in 1777 but by June 1790 back in Gt Yarmouth. In 1795 his app. John Sallows, who changed his surname to Aldred, was made free. [Gt Yarmouth freemen rolls and poll bks]

Sewell, Richard, Leadenhall St, London, carver and gilder (1782–93). His trade card [Laundauer Coll., MMA, NY] states that he framed prints, drawings and needlework, cleaned, lined and repaired old pictures and regilded frames. At 171 Leadenhall St in 1784 but by 1790 the number was 121. In 1782 took out a licence to employ three non-freemen for six weeks. [D; GL, City Licence bk, vol. 10]

Sewell, Robert, New Elvet, Durham, cm/joiner (1834). Successor to William Sewell at this address. [D]

Sewell, William, New Elvet, Durham, cm (1817–18). Succeeded at this address by Robert Sewell by 1834. [D]

Sewell, William, West Wycombe, Bucks., chairmaker (1830). [D]

Sewell & Cross, London, linen drapers, silk mercers and u (1837). At 44–45 Old Compton St and 46–47 Frith St, Soho. [D]

Sewter, Robert, Norwich, cm (1780–90). In the parish of St John Maddermarket, September 1780, but by April 1784 in the parish of St Stephen. [Poll bks]

Sexton, Robert H., London, carver (1826–39). At 8 Norman St, St Luke's in 1826 and 18 Cleveland St in 1839. [D]

Sexton, Robert, 9 Upper Charlton St, London, carver (1835). [D] Probably dead by 1839 when Sarah Sexton, possibly his wife, succeeded him.

Sexton, Sarah, 9 Upper Charlton St, London, carver (1839). [D]

Seyer, David, 9 South St, Marylebone, London, picture and looking-glass frame maker (1839). [D]

Seyer, Samuel, London, upholder (1699). Free of the Upholders’ Co., 3 October 1699. [GL, Upholders’ Co. records]

Seyffret, George, London, cm, u and undertaker (1827–40). At 18 Wells St, Oxford St, 1827–29 but by July 1840 was at 77 Wardour St, Soho. [D; GL, Sun MS ref. 1333631]

Seymour, Charles, St David's Hill, Exeter, Devon, cm (1803–25). Included in a militia roll of 1803. Baptisms of two sons and four daughters at St David's Church recorded, 1813–23. [D; PR (bapt.)]

Seymour, George, 4 Helmet Row, St Luke's, London, chair and sofa manufacturer (1826). [D]

Seymour, George, White Horse St, Baldock, Herts., cm and u (1839). [D]

Seymour, James, High St, Poole, Dorset, joiner and cm (1791– 98). In 1791 took out insurance cover of £900. [D; GL, Sun MS vol. 374, ref. 579558]

Seymour, James, Landgate, Rye, Sussex, cm and u (1823). [D]

Seymour, John, ‘The Black Lion’, Fleet Ditch, London, u (1715–16). Fined for refusing parochial office in the parish of St Bride, Fleet St in 1716. [GL, Sun MS vol. 5, p. 141; MS 6561, p. 9]

Seymour, John, Axminster, Devon, cm (b.c.1738–d.1818). In 1785 arrived in Portland, Maine, USA with his son and set up business as a cm.

Seymour, John, Bartholomew's Yd, Exeter, Devon, carver and gilder (1830). Son John Henry bapt. at St Olave's Church, 22 August 1830. [PR (bapt.)]

Seymour, John, Rye, Sussex, cm (1832–40). At Middle St in 1832 but by November 1839 in High St. [D]

Seymour, Richard, High St, Poole, Dorset, cm and u (1840). [D]

Seymour, Samuel, Pond Pl., Chelsea, London, cm (1808). [D]

Seymour, Thomas, 14 Leaf St, Hulme, Manchester, carver and gilder (1832–33). [D]

Shacklady, Henry, York St, Liverpool, cm (1835–39). The number in York St was 12 in 1835, 11 in 1837 and 10 in 1839. [D]

Shackles, John, Hull, Yorks., cm (1756). In 1756 took app. named Pratt. [S of G, app. index]

Shackles, John, Lowgate, Hull, Yorks., cm and u (1774–99). [D] In 1793 Shackles & Son of Hull subscribed to Sheraton's Drawing Book. John is possibly father of:

Shackles, Thomas, Hull, Yorks., cm and u (1796–1834). In 1802 had a residence at Hedon, near Hull, but by 1803 living at Lowgate, probably the house previously occupied by John Shackles. He was still shown at Lowgate in one directory of 1828, although others of 1814–31 give 2 Pryme St. His shop was at Eaton St, 1803–34. Directories also state that from 1823–31 he was additionally a ship-owner. In July 1801 took as app. Thomas Dickson (or Dixon) of Sculcoates, near Hull. Patronised by Sir John Nelthorpe who paid him £6 12s in December 1796 and £6 8s in December 1798. The latter payment may have been for 35½ yds of Scotch carpet and sundries supplied on 7 November 1798 at a cost of £6 8s 2d. [D; app. reg.; Lincoln RO, NEL 14/37/72, 74, 75]

Shackleton, Isaac, Beeton Stansfield, Todmorden, Yorks., joiner/cm (1837). [D]

Shackleton, Thomas, 115 Long Acre, London. In January 1784 he supplied Mrs A. Crow with ‘a very neat Mahogany fire screen stand’ at £1 12s. [Isle of Wight RO, JER/WA]

Shackleton, Thomas, King's Arms Yd, Westgate, Bradford, Yorks., cm (1834). [D]

Shackleton & Evans, see George Oakley.

Shackleworth, Roger, Swallow St, Westminster, London, cm (1749). [Poll bk]

Shacklock, Francis, Bolsover, Derbs., joiner and cm (1793). [D]

Shacklock, John, Bolsover, Derbs., cm, hardware man and bookseller (1793). [D]

Shadforth, J. B., 5 Seymour Pl., Bryanston Sq., London, u (1835). [D]

Shatford, Samuel, Long Acre, London, cm (1749). [Westminster poll bk]

Shafto, William, New North Rd, Durham, cm, u and turner (1836). Suffered from a fire at his premises on 8 March 1836 and a subscription list was opened in aid of the sufferers. William Shafto received £23 7s 4d from this fund which left him at a considerable loss. He was back trading from the premises again, however, by April 1836. [Durham Advertiser, 22 April 1836]

Shakell, Edward, Southampton, Hants., u and cm (1823–39). At 6 Bridge St in 1823; 9 St Michael's Sq. in 1830; 17 Above Bar, 1834–36; but in 1839 the address is simply listed as Bargate. [D]

Shakespear, —, address unknown, cm (1772). On 31 December 1772 received from Peter Du Cane of Braxted Park, Essex £4 4s for a bureau. [Essex RO, D/DDC A22, f. 17]

Shale, William, High St, Bilston, Staffs., cm and u (1822–38). Recorded also at Field Lane in 1835. [D]

Shallis, John, London, cm (1793). Subscribed to Sheraton's Drawing Book, 1793.

Shallis, John, Exeter, Devon, cm and broker (1782–d. by 1809). In 1782 insured his utensils and stock for £100. Shown at North St, 1787–1803, but on 1 September 1803 he advertised the sale of his stock ‘being about to decline the business’. On 22 August 1809 the auction of a dwelling house at 146 Fore St belonging to ‘Mr. John Shallis, Cabinet Maker, deceased’ was held. The property does not appear to have found a buyer and was again advertised for sale by private contract on 19 October 1809. [D; GL, Sun MS vol. 302, p. 113; Exeter Flying Post, 15 February 1787, 1 September 1803, 3 August and 19 October 1809]

Shallis, William, Exeter, Devon, cm (1824). Daughter and son bapt. at Holy Trinity Church, 5 December 1824. [PR (bapt.)]

Shane, —, address unknown, upholder (1754). Subscribed to Chippendale's Director, 1754.

Shannon, Martin, 15 Bolton St, Preston, Lancs., chairmaker (1818). [D]

Shannon, Thomas, Taunton, Som., cm (1761). In 1761 took app. named Bartham. [S of G, app. index]

Shapley, Richard, Exeter, Devon, chairmaker (1741). [Freemen rolls]

Shapley, William, London, upholder (1748–78). Son of Samuel Shapley of the parish of St Olave, Southwark, carpenter. App. to Samuel Walker, freeman and member of the Drapers’ Co., 22 March 1748. Free of the Upholders’ Co. under the terms of the 1750 Upholders’ Act, 4 February 1762. In 1765 trading at the sign of ‘The Crown & Cushion’, north side of Cornhill and by 1767 at 80 Gracechurch St. He traded here as an upholder and cm until 1772, but by the following year had moved to 26 Bishopsgate Within. In November 1765 a fire broke out in Bishopsgate St which damaged the premises of many tradesmen in the area including those of Shapley. [D; GL, Upholders’ Co. records; Heal; Gents Mag., November 1765]

Shararth, Lawrence, London, cm (1793). Subscribed to Sheraton's Drawing Book, 1793.

Shard (or Sharp), Robert, Leadenhall St, London, upholder (1715–34). Free of the Upholders’ Co., 6 July 1715. [GL, Upholders’ Co. records; Heal]

Shardlow, Edward, Leicester, cm (1834). App. to William Johnson and free in 1834. [Freemen rolls]

Share, Elizabeth & Sons, High St, Dudley, Staffs., cm and u (1838–40). [D] Possibly the widow of:

Share, John, High St, Dudley, Staffs., cm and u (1818–35). [D]

Share, Thomas, High St, Dudley, Staffs., cm (1818). [D]

Sharford, Daniel, 83 Tottenham Ct Rd, London, cm (1835). [D]

Shark, John, Allendale, Hexham, Northumb., joiner and cm (1828). [D]

Sharland, William, Tiverton, Devon, cm (1823–38). At Fore St, 1823–30 but in 1838 at Gold St. [D]

Sharman, William, Chester, cm (1698). Free 1 April 1698. [Freemen rolls]

Sharp, —, London, cm (1793–1803). Subscribed to Sheraton's Drawing Book, 1793. Probably the Sharp (address not stated) who subscribed to his Cabinet Dictionary, 1803.

Sharp, Charles, 2 Berners St, Oxford St, London, upholder and undertaker (1817). Took over this address from John & Alexander Semple and may also have taken over their customers and business stock. [D] Succeeded by:

Sharp, Clement, 2 Berners St, Oxford St, London, cm, u, auctioneer and house agent (1819–27). The business was of a substantial size and in May 1820 cover of £2,000 was taken out on the dwelling house, warerooms and workshops. The policy was issued jointly with the Rev. John Quarrington who may perhaps have been supplying some of the capital. In February 1821, when insurance cover was renewed at £1,500 for the utensils and stock, Sharp was associated in the policy with a William Dudds. A further change had occurred by 1823, for from this date the business is listed in some directories as Sharp & Clark. [D; GL, Sun MS vol. 483, ref. 966642; vol. 488, ref. 976435]

Sharp, Clement, Romsey, Hants., auctioneer and u (1823–30). Recorded at Market pl. as Clement & Sons, cm and u in 1830. [D; Southampton Advertiser, 31 October 1829]

Sharp, Edward snr and jnr, Norwich, cm and chairmaker (1780–1830). In 1783 at 41 Pottergate but in the following year at Back of Inns. From 1818 the address was Heigham. Edward Sharp snr took as app. his son Edward who was free 18 June 1786. A younger son, John, a woollen draper, was also made free, 3 October 1795. Edward Sharp snr also took as app. James Darkin, free 21 September 1799. The Henry Sharp, son of Edward Sharp, who by trade was a tailor and free of Norwich on 28 July 1822, must have been the son of Edward Sharp jnr. As late as July 1830, Norwich poll bks list an Edward Sharp, cm and Edward Sharp jnr, chairmaker, both living at Heigham. [D; poll bks]

Sharp, Francis, High St, Henley-on-Thames, Oxon., cm, u and furniture broker (1830). [D]

Sharp, George, Newton St, Holborn, London, carver (1808). [D]

Sharp, George, Rochester, Kent, cm (1830). [Poll bk]

Sharp, James, High St, Poole, Dorset, cm and u (1840). [D]

Sharp, Job, Easington, Co. Durham, joiner and cm (1828–34). [D]

Sharp, John, London(?), upholder (1696–1731). On 1 August 1696 the Earl of Rockingham paid him 8s for a coffin and on 2 October 19s 2d for four bills. In 1731 paid £9 16s for 98 yds of crimson harateen for Lord Bristol's new bedchamber. [Lincoln RO, Monson 10/1/a/19; DEF]

Sharp, John, Liverpool, cm (1765–80). App. to Joseph Brown and in 1765 petitioned freedom. Took as app. Edward Miles who petitioned freedom in 1780. [Freemen rolls]

Sharp, John, Liverpool, cm (1784). Freeman of Lancaster. [Lancaster poll bk]

Sharp, John, Lancaster and Liverpool, cm (1789–90). Free of Lancaster, 1789–90, but then living in Liverpool. [Lancaster freemen rolls]

Sharp, John, Old Meeting St, Birmingham, cm (1793). [D]

Sharp, John, parish of St Peter Hungate, Norwich, cm (1802– 06). [Poll bks]

Sharp, John, Shirebrow, Blackburn, Lancs., cm (1828). [D]

Sharp, John, James & Ann, Oldenburgh House, London Rd, Tunbridge Wells, Kent, Tunbridge-ware makers (1807–40). Also print publishers. Trading as early as 1807, and a map of 1808 shows their manufactory on the western side of Culverden Down, a short distance from the property at Oldenburgh House. In 1838 described as turnery manufacturers, but clearly had the capacity to undertake small cabinet furniture for in 1828 they were one of four makers in the town considered to undertake the making of a work and writing table as a gift for the Princess Victoria. In 1839 they claimed the patronage of the Queen. Two card boxes are known decorated with hand-drawn displays of playing cards which incorporate the name of this concern. Both probably date from the period 1810–30. [D; Kent RO, Barrow map (1808), Tithe award map (1838)]

Sharp, Joseph, 31 Gt Carter Lane, Doctors Commons, London, cm and broker (1820–26). In May 1820 took out insurance cover of £500 which included £300 for stock. [D; GL, Sun MS vol. 481 ref. 968089]

Sharp, Peter, Liverpool, carver and gilder (1813–27). In 1813 at 42 Copperas Hill with a shop at 78 Bold St. Later addresses are given as 36 Copperas Hill in 1816; 88 Brownlow Hill in 1821; 79 Sparling St in 1823; 3 Elliott St in 1824; 5 and 10 Elliot St in 1827. [D]

Sharp, Peter, Bold St, Liverpool, u, cm and modeller (1817). Named in insolvency proceedings in January 1817. At first named with two partners, William May and Isabella Wilson, but subsequently only Sharp and May are mentioned. Their stock was sold for the benefit of their creditors in two sales on 20 January and the days following and the residue on 27 February. The earlier of the two sales contained ‘a large assortment of modern Paper Hangings with rich flock borders, London Chintz Furnitures, Trimmings, Brussels & Kidderminster Carpets, Oil Cloths, several sets of Drawingroom Chairs, Couches, Cabinets, Sofa, Card & Pembroke Tables, in a variety of fancy woods, excellent Mahogany articles, in a set of Patent Dining Tables, Wardrobes, Drawers, Secretaire & Chairs, Looking Glasses, Bronzed & Gilt Busts, Lamps & various ornaments etc.’. A stock of materials was also offered consisting of ‘Choice Mahogany in Veneers, Boards & Planks, Tulip & Rose Wood, a large assortment of modern Brass Work, Plate Glass, Lathe, Benches etc.’. The remaining stock offered on 27 February was of a similar nature, but specially featured was ‘a large sized Four-post Bedstead, the feet parts & cornice richly carved & brilliantly ornamented in burnished gold’. [Liverpool Mercury, 10 and 17 January, 21 February 1817]

Sharp, Peter jnr, 4 Lime St with shop at Mitchell pl., Ranelagh St, Liverpool, carver (1829). [D]

Sharp, Richard, 44 Leadenhall St, London, carver, gilder and picture frame maker (1776). Copies of his trade card featuring classical figures exist. [V&A Print Dept, Banks Coll., BM and GL] This card was engraved by William Sharpe (1749–1824). Richard Sharp was a freemen of London and a member of the Loriners’ Co. He took out a licence to employ one nonfreeman for three months and eight non-freemen for six weeks in 1776. [GL, City Licence bks, vol. 9]

Sharp, Samuel snr and jnr, Norwich, chairmakers (1737–61). Samuel Sharp snr was free on 24 February 1737, but had not undertaken an apprenticeship in the city. His son Samuel, was however formally bound app. to him and was declared free on 3 May 1757. Samuel Sharp snr probably died 1761. A chair stamped ‘S. SHARP NORWICH’ is in the V&A. [Freemen rolls; Kirk, American Chairs, pp. 145 and 190]

Sharp, Samuel, Park St, Worksop, Notts., chairmaker and turner (1832). [D]

Sharp, Samuel, South St, Chesterfield, Derbs., chairmaker (1833). [D]

Sharp, Thomas, Tull St, Nottingham, cm (1835). [D]

Sharp, William, Pottergate St, Norwich, cm (1784–90). [D; poll bks]

Sharp, William, Burgate St, Canterbury, Kent, cm and broker (1800–39). Free 1800. [D; poll bks; freemen rolls]

Sharp, William, Stone Chair Shelf, Rishworth, Yorks., joiner and cm (1837). [D]

Sharp & Redshaw, address unknown, u (1716). Paid 19s in July 1716 by the Earl of Rockingham for three bedsteads etc. [Lincoln RO, Monson 10 A/1]

Sharpe, —, 56 Cornhill, London, manufacturer of portable writing desks, dressing cases, cutlery, pocket books and toys (1804). Took out insurance cover for £1,200 on 1 October 1804. [GL, Sun MS vol. 430, ref. 767154]

Sharpe, C., St John's Lane, Cambridge, frame maker (c.1760). Trade label is in the Johnson Coll., Bodleian Lib., Oxford. A Christopher Sharpe is recorded as a carpenter and joiner at Trinity College in 1766; a Christopher Sharpe, turner, is noted in Cambridge, 1797; and a Charles Sharpe, turner in 1792. [D; Cambridge Univ. Lib., AR3:119]

Sharpe, Frederick George, Nottingham, joiner and cm (1836). In 1836 took as app. William Dyson. [App. reg.]

Sharpe, John, address unknown, cm and chairmaker (1665–66). Recorded in the account books of the Countess of Rockingham. On 19 December 1665 he was paid £1 2s 6d for a chest of drawers ‘for my Lord’ and on 19 May 1666, £3 6s for sixteen turned chair frames. [Lincoln RO, Monson 10 1/A/18]

Sharpe, John, School Lane, Liverpool, cm. Free 11 June 1764 or 1767. Died between 1818 and 1820. [D; freemen reg.]

Sharpe, John, London(?), cm (1772). Signatory to The Real State of the Complaints of the CABINET MAKERS as published and signed by their Committee. [Gents Mag., June 1772]

Sharpe, John, Bath St, Birmingham, cm and chairmaker (1818– 22). [D]

Sharpe, John, Straight, Lincoln, carver and gilder (1828–35). [D]

Sharpe, Joseph, Blind Middle St, Gt Yarmouth, Norfolk, cm, u and ironmonger (1783–98). In 1783 insured a house for £100 and on 16 November 1786 household goods, utensils, a workshop and thirteen other properties leased to various traders for £1,300. [D; poll bk; GL, Sun MS vol. 306, p. 565; vol. 341, p. 231]

Sharpe, Joseph, Clements Lane, London, chairmaker (1808–09). In 1808 at 27 Clements Lane but in the following year, when he took out insurance cover of £200, the number was 47. The policy dated 18 July 1809 covered his household goods in the main, only £50 of cover being allocated to stock and utensils. [D; GL, Sun MS vol. 448]

Sharpe, Nathaniel, Oakham, Rutlandshire, cm (1755). In 1755 took app. named Goodall. [S of G, app. index]

Sharpe, Samuel, London, upholder (1720–21). In 1720 at ‘The Thistle & Crown’, near Fleet Bridge; but in 1721, when he served as a Sidesman for the parish of St Bride's, the address was Salisbury Ct. [GL, Sun MS vol. 12, ref. 18746; MS. 6561, p. 30]

Sharpe, Thomas, Cambridge, cm and u (1805–32). Married on 7 June 1808 when he was living in Petty Cury. Admitted freeman on 7 October 1818, and on 5 March 1819 took his relative Thomas Edward Sharpe as app. On 27 April 1820 took as app. Edward Richardson at a premium of £29 18s. In 1824 at Market St. Probably died in 1832. [D; Cambridge Chronicle, 8 June 1805; freemen rolls; app. list; Univ. Lib., WR19:457]

Sharpe, Thomas Edward, Cambridge, cm and u (1827). App. to his relative Thomas Sharpe on 5 March 1819 and free in 1827. [Freemen rolls]

Sharpe, Thomas, Crompton St, Warwick, cm (1831). [Poll bk]

Sharples, George, Liverpool, u (1818–39). At 10 Marlborough St in 1818 but from 1827–29 the number was 17. By 1837 had moved to 14 Lawrence St, and in 1839 his addresses were 40 Lawrence St and 7 Virgil St. [D] See William Sharples of 14 Lawrence St.

Sharples, James, Poulton St, Kirkham, Lancs., joiner and cm (1824–34). [D]

Sharples, James, 19 Worsley St, London Rd, Manchester, cm (1825). [D]

Sharples, John, Liverpool, cm (1805–27). In 1805 at Haymarket, but by 1827 had moved to 5 St John's Rd. [D]

Sharples, John, Shire Brow, Blackburn, Lancs., cm (1824). [D]

Sharples, Richard, Lancaster and Liverpool, joiner and cm (1765–80). App. to W. Ball in 1765 and free, 1779–80. By this period had moved to Liverpool. [App. reg.; freemen rolls]

Sharples, Robert, Lancaster (1835–40). [Westminster Ref. Lib., Gillow records]

Sharples, Thomas, Liverpool, cm and u (1804–34). The business is first recorded as a partnership with a person named Rainford, 1804–05. They traded from 4 Haymarket and advertised themselves as cabinet and bedstead manufacturers. Sharples & Rainford stated that they were successors to Edward Rimmington, and on 8 February 1804 indicated that Joseph Bennett, cm and u formerly of Dale St, had transferred the goodwill of his business to them when he retired from trading. On 7 May 1805 Thomas Sharples married Miss Blackburn of Lancaster at St Peter's Church, and by May 1809 was trading on his own behalf from the Haymarket address. From these premises he was able to offer ‘a fashionable assortment of Cabinet Furniture, Chairs, Bedsteads, Looking Glasses etc. etc. of all sizes & descriptions’. He remained at the Haymarket address until 1821, and from 1813 additional premises were used at 79 Fontenoy St described initially as a timber yard. In December 1821 he announced a move to 8 Queen's Sq. which he continued to occupy until 1834. These new premises, described as a ‘Cabinet & Upholstery Warehouse’ could also be entered from St John's Lane. They were said to have spacious rooms ‘with a choice assortment of Household Furniture’. He also sold ‘Venetian Shade Blinds, Paper Hangings, Mattresses etc.’. The Fontenoy St address was retained but now called a manufactory. The number was however to change to 96 in 1821–29, and 89 in 1834. One directory of 1827 records 49 Fontenoy St. [D; Liverpool Chronicle, 22 February 1804, 22 May 1805, 24 May 1809; Liverpool Mercury, 14 December 1821]

Sharples, William, 14 Lawrence St, Liverpool, u (1835). [D] See George Sharples at this address.

Sharrat, Samuel, Liverpool, cm (1818). App. to Edward Belshaw 1803 and petitioned freedom in 1818. [Freemen's committee bk]

Sharren, Robert, Sidling, near Dorchester, Dorset, cm (1790). In December 1790 insured his house for £200. [GL, Sun MS ref. 577527]

Sharrock, George, Liverpool, joiner and cm (1742–62). Freeman of Preston, Lancs. In 1742 listed in the burgess roll together with his son John, who was a joiner. Both men are similarly mentioned in 1762, with the additional information that George Sharrock had a brother named Thomas of Newborough who was by this date dead. [Preston Guild record of burgesses]

Sharrock, James, 49 London Rd, Manchester, cm and broker (1816). [D]

Sharwood, James, Norwich, cm (1825). App. to W. E. Earle and free, 21 September 1825. [Freemen reg.]

Shatford, Daniel, 83 Tottenham Ct Rd, London, cm and u (1839). [D]

Shatford, Samuel, Long Acre, London, cm (1747–55). In 1747 took as app. Anthony Pettegrew at a premium of £14 14s. In 1754 subscribed to Chippendale's Director. [Poll bk]

Shave, Philip, Long Wyre St, Colchester, Essex, cm and u (1826–39). [D]

Shaw, Daniel, 23 North St, Bristol, cm (1827). [D]

Shaw, Francis J., 84 Dorset St, Salisbury Sq., London, upholder (1801). Son of John Shaw of Clements Inn, Gent. App. to William Chivers and then to John Hux, a member of the Clothworkers’ Co., on 3 July 1799. Free of the Upholders’ Co. by servitude, 2 December 1801. [GL, Upholders’ Co. records]

Shaw, J., 110 Goswell St, London, cm and blind manufacturer (1820). [D]

Shaw, James, London, cm (1793). Subscribed to Sheraton's Drawing Book, 1793.

Shaw, James, Liverpool, cm (1809–21). On 15 February 1809 married Miss Mary Owen at Trinity Church. At this date his address was St James's St. By 1810 trading at 2 Frederick St, St James's and from 1811, at no. 6. From 1813–16 the addresses used were 105 St James St with a yard at 6 St James St. In 1821 the address was 118 St James St. [D; Liverpool Courier, 16 February 1809]

Shaw, James, Beverley, Yorks., cm and u (1814–18). Recorded at Norwood in 1814 and Toll Gravel in 1818. [D]

Shaw, James, 13 Clifton St, Finsbury, London, cm and u (1822). [D]

Shaw, James, 15 Nevile St, Leeds, Yorks., cm and joiner (1837). [D]

Shaw, James, 12 Wish St, Portsea, Portsmouth, Hants., carver and gilder (1839). [D]

Shaw, James, Lancaster, cm (1791–99). App. to Isaac Greenwood in 1791 and free, 1798–99. Named in the Gillow records. [App. reg.; freemen rolls; Westminster Ref. Lib., Gillow]

Shaw, John, Chester, u (1814–40). Free on 18 September 1818, but by that date had been trading in the city for a number of years. At Bridge St Row, 1814–16; Whitefriars, 1818–26; and Foregate St, 1834–40. [D; freemen rolls]

Shaw, John, 2 Peterborough Ct, Fleet St, London, cm and u (1820–29). The value of the utensils and stock kept at his workshops at Peterborough Ct was £300 in July 1820, £350 in September 1821 and £1,050 in August 1823. The latter figure would indicate a business of some size. The addresses of his dwelling houses were 13 Noble St, Goswell St in July 1820; 22 Dean St, Fetter Lane in September 1821; and 9 Thomas St, Gibson St, Lambeth in August 1823. [D; GL, Sun MS vol. 485, ref. 968819; vol. 487, ref. 983628; vol. 497, ref. 1008009]

Shaw, John, Retford, Notts., cm and u (1819–29). From 1819– 22 at Carolgate and in 1829 at Clumber St. [D]

Shaw, John snr, Framwellgate, Durham, cm and joiner (1828– d.1831). In partnership with James Mann. By April 1831 John Shaw snr was dead and the business was carried on by his widow, Mary Shaw. James Mann was no longer involved. [D; Durham Advertiser, 29 April 1831]

Shaw, John jnr, Framwellgate, Durham, cm and joiner (1835). Son of John snr and Mary Shaw. John Shaw snr died in 1831 and the business was then conducted by his mother until 1835 when it was handed over to John jnr. [Durham Advertiser, 20 February 1835]

Shaw, John, Ivory St, Leeds, Yorks., cm (1837). [D]

Shaw, Joseph, Salterhebble, near Halifax, Yorks., joiner and cm (1822). [D]

Shaw, Joseph, Kirkburton, near Huddersfield, Yorks., joiner/cm (1834). [D]

Shaw, Joseph, 12 Wish St, Southsea, Hants., carver and gilder (1839). [D]

Shaw, Mary, Framwellgate, Durham, joiner and cm (1831–35). Wife of John Shaw snr and mother of John Shaw jnr. Her husband was in partnership with a James Mann but this ended in 1831 with the death of John Shaw snr. His widow carried on the business and advertised in April 1831 that she had ‘engaged steady workmen’. She appealed to her husband's former customers for support so that she could maintain herself and ‘six helpless children’. The premises were said to adjoin the Artichoke public house. In 1835 Mary Shaw retired leaving the business in the hands of her son, John Shaw jnr. [D; Durham Advertiser, 29 April 1831, 20 February 1835]

Shaw, Nicholas, Whitechapel, Liverpool, u (b. 1773–d. 1806). Directories of 1805 show him variously at 48 and 38 Whitechapel. Died in April 1806 aged 33. [D; Liverpool Chronicle, 23 April 1806]

Shaw, Richard, Ashby-de-la-Zouch, Leics. and Burton-onTrent, Staffs., cm and u (1797–1829). In February 1797 announced that in addition to his business in Ashby he was also commencing trading at Burton. In 1829 his address in Ashby was given as Market St. [D: Leicester Journal, 24 February 1797]

Shaw, Robert, Woburn, Beds., cm (1752–58). Thirteen accounts rendered by Shaw to John 4th Duke of Bedford exist. Nearly all are for altering or mending furniture at Woburn, but he also provided dressing-tables, tea tables, Windsor chairs and frames for both mirrors and pictures. Items supplied in 1754 for instance included a cedar tea table at £1 9s and a large picture frame at £12 10s. He also gilded 15½ feet of moulding for 11s 7½d. In 1757 he worked on furniture ‘in the Temple in the Evergreen’. Thomas Shaw, who undertook work at Woburn and other commissions for the Dukes of Bedford and the family from 1757, was probably his son. [Bedford Office, London; Apollo, January 1956, p. 9]

Shaw, Sophia, Bedford Row, Streatham, London, cm and u (1839). [D] Possibly widow of John F. Shawe.

Shaw, Thomas, Woburn, Beds., joiner, u and cm (1757–1802). He passed his whole career of forty-five years as joiner, u and cm in the service of the Dukes of Bedford. He was born about 1740 and may have been the son of Robert Shaw, cm of Woburn. He began work in 1757 and, it seems, succeeded to the business of Robert Shaw a year later. There is evidence that the Shaws were substantial householders in Woburn for Thomas became an Overseer of the Poor in the parish in 1765. In 1772 he married Ann Norton and bought a house in Woburn. He died about May 1803 in which month his widow rendered his final account to the 6th Duke of Bedford. His place as resident furniture-maker/u was taken by Andrew Gardner.

Thomas Shaw's career may be followed in the one hundred and seventy existing accounts rendered from 1758 to 1803 to the 4th, 5th and 6th Dukes of Bedford and to Duchess Gertrude, widow of the fourth Duke. In these he is described as joiner during his early career, but from about 1770 almost invariably as cm or u. His work was mainly in the repair of furniture and fittings such as floors, windows and blinds, but he also made a good deal of furniture for servants’ rooms, for stables and grooms’ quarters and for the gardens. He worked mainly at Woburn Abbey but also at houses, churches and farms belonging to the family in Bedfordshire; and in London for Duchess Gertrude at her house in Pall Mall. But the chief interest of the accounts lies in the evidence they give of the furnishing and development of Woburn Abbey under the supervision, successively, of Henry Flitcroft (1747–61), William Chambers (1767–72) and Henry Holland (1787–1802), for which see G. Scott Thomson, Family Background, 1949, chapter 1 and G. Blakiston, Woburn and the Russells, 1980.

The following are examples of Shaw's work at Woburn:

January 1762: Work and materials to 4 pedestals in the gallery and setting the figures up, £4 6s 4d.

November 1763: Taking up the floor in her Grace's bedchamber to make way for the water closet; many visits about the w.c. and general repair work, £4 13s 10½d.

May 1765: For an arbour in the Grotto Garden and for drawing two designs of arbours, £22 7s.

May 1766: To 8 Windsor stool chairs for the Temple in the garden, 4s 6d a chair … a new circular Gothic seat for the arbour in the Privy Garden, £5 15s 6d.

April 1769: To a 2 in. wainscot sash door to the new water closet in the Privy Garden, and for the seat and counter seat, £4 15s 5½d.

1768–1771: For general joiner's work, under the direction of William Chambers, in the old building and out-office and in the newly built south wing, £876.

[Executorship account of the fourth Duke of Bedford]

Among work carried out by Shaw ‘by order of Henry Holland’ the following may be noted:

April—August 1789: For furniture for the grooms’ new appartments and for the stables, £49 8s 6d.

December 1791–November 1792: For the tennis court: four sofas covered in brown holland, and window blinds; for the new library: blinds and papering shelves, £128 13s 6d.

June—December 1792: For furniture, bedsteads and upholstery for servants’ rooms; and Scotch carpet for the W.C. and the Duke's dressing room in the tennis court, £543 9s 5½d.

December 1792—December 1793: For making and fitting mahogany folding blinds lined with green silk for the drawing-room; mending blinds for tennis court; ten window curtains for the tennis court to draw up into festoons, £102 19s 6d.

April—June 1800: Six low bow-back yew chairs to the sheep shearing house, £3 12s. [Bedford Office, London]

Shaw, Thomas, Carlogate, Retford, Notts., cm (1830–35). [D]

Shaw, Thomas, Eccleston, near St Helens, Lancs., joiner and cm (1834). [D]

Shaw, Thomas, 53 Fontenoy St, Liverpool, u (1837. [D]

Shaw, W. B., 20 New St, Birmingham, carver, gilder, cm and mahogany looking-glass frame maker (1803–08). [D]

Shaw, Waltham, Hall St, Spalding, Lincs., cm and u (1835). [D]

Shaw William, Rose St, Westminster, London, cm (1784). [Poll bk]

Shaw, William, 7 Charlotte St, St George's Rd, Southwark, London, upholder (1786). In August 1786 took out insurance cover for £600. Although his house was valued at £350 only £50 was provided for utensils etc. [GL, Sun MS vol. 339, p. 275]

Shaw, William, 11 George's Ct, Clerkenwell, London, cm (1793). Subscribed to Sheraton's Drawing Book, 1793.

Shaw, William, Kirkgate, Wakefield, Yorks., u (1805). [D]

Shaw, William, Foulston, near Huddersfield, Yorks., cm (1822). [D]

Shaw, William, Brook Side, Derby, u and cm (1818–23). [D]

Shaw, William, Manvers St, Tuxford, Notts., joiner, cm and looking-glass dealer (1832). [D]

Shaw, William, 1 Castle St, Long Acre, London, u and furniture broker (1835–39). Listed as a furniture broker in 1835 and an u in 1839. [D]

Shaw, William Henry, Norwich, cm (1830). Son of Henry Shaw, tailor. Free 31 July 1830. [Freemen admission reg.]

Shaw & Son, 34 Hatton St, London, u and cm (1802–04). [D]

Shawe, John, Lancaster and London, cm (1783–84). Free 1783–84, but by then he had moved to London and was living in the parish of St Giles-in-the-Fields. [Freemen rolls]

Shawe, John F., Streatham, London, cm, u, auctioneer and appraiser (1832). In 1839 Sophia Shaw was trading at Bedford Row, Streatham as a cm and u and might be his widow. [D]

Shayler, James, Manchester, u (1781–1811). At Cannon St in 1781 and from 1784–88 shown as 43 Cannon St. At 58 Market St, 1794–1811. [D]

Shearcroft, Robert snr, Colchester, Essex, chairmaker (1689). Probate granted on his will at Chelmsford in 1689. [Wills at Chelmsford]

Sheard, Jaxton & Co., address unknown, upholders (1731). In 1731 paid £18 4s 6d in connection with a commission at Stowe, Bucks. [Huntington Lib., California, MS ST82, p. 33] Possibly Sherrard & Paxton.

Shearer, Thomas, London (1788). Signed seventeen of the twenty plates in The Cabinet-Makers’ London Book of Prices, published by the London Society of Cabinet Makers in 1788. This volume was a practical manual containing tables of prices to help masters and journeymen calculate the cost of labour in making various representative items of furniture (excluding chairs, carved work and upholstered pieces). The plates, which illustrate objects described in the text, are in a fluent style that bridges the short interval between Hepplewhite's Guide and Sheraton's Drawing Book. Since the Book of Prices was widely used on the workbench, furniture corresponding, often exactly to Shearer's elegant designs, is relatively common. It is likely that he was a journeyman cm rather than a professional designer. It may be relevant that an insurance policy taken out on 19 May 1790 by J. H. Sherwood of 75 Aldersgate St, London [GL, Sun MS ref. 569755] included cover on a dwelling house in ‘Little Bartholomew Close’ and £100 for stock in the house of Shearer, cabinet maker ‘in the said Close’. [R. Fastnedge, Shearer Furniture Designs from the Cabinet-Makers’ London Book of Prices 1788, 1962; Conn., June 1961, pp. 30–33; Furn. Hist., 1966 and 1982] C.G.G.

Shearing, —, High St, Brighton, Sussex, cm (1805). [D]

Shearing, —, Limekiln Lane, Bristol, carver (1833). [D]

Shearman, George, Ipswich, Suffolk and London, cm (1830–31). Freeman of Colchester, Essex but living in Ipswich in 1830 and London by March 1831. [Colchester poll bks]

Shearman, James, 17 Church St, Shoreditch, London, turner and cm (1817). [D]

Shearman, John jnr, Queen St, Market Rasen, Lincs., joiner and cm (1826). [D]

Shearman, Jno., 20 Rawstone St, Goswell St, London, cm and u (1839). [D]

Shears, Ambrose, 6 St George's Cresc., Southwark, London, cm and u (1808). [D]

Shearwood, Paul, Strop Hill, Knottingley, near Ferrybridge, Yorks., cm (1822). [D]

Sheen, Edmund Henry, Norwich and Gt Yarmouth, Norfolk, upholder (1818–30). App. to Charles Martin and free by servitude 20 June 1818. By July 1830 living in Gt Yarmouth. [Freemen admission reg.; Norwich poll bk]

Sheen, James, Newcastle (?), u (1734). On 18 September 1734 paid £26 13s 6d for upholsterer's work in connection with beds and bedding at Gibside, Co. Durham. [Durham RO, Strathmore MS, D/St/v.986]

Sheen, Thomas, Newcastle, u, appraiser and auctioneer (1759– 98). In 1759 took app. named Graham. On 1 June 1776 sold the stock in trade of John Reed. Announced on 5 February 1780 his move from Cutter's Entry ‘to a house facing the Javel Group, in the Close’. Here he sold both new and second-hand furniture and made Venetian blinds. He also offered for sale ‘A large assortment of Men and Boys Beaver and Cloth Hats, Gold and Silver Lace, to be sold greatly under prime cost’. [D, S of G, app. index; Newcastle Courant, 1 June 1776, 5 February 1780]

Sheen, William, Tarporley, Cheshire, cm (1828). [D]

Sheers, —, Bond St, London, cm (1718). In 1718 paid £18 for tables, bedsteads, coarse chairs, stool boxes, a chest of drawers etc. supplied to the Duke of Montrose's house in Bond St, London. [Scottish RO, GD 220/6/28/P84]

Sheerwood, —, Newcastle, cm (1793). Subscribed to Sheraton's Drawing Book, 1793.

Sheerwood, H. J., 42 Little Bartholomew Close, London, cm (1808–19). [D]

Sheetcliff, Jn, 13 Mitchell St, St Luke's, London, cm and u (1822–27). [D]

Sheffield, George F., Durham, u (1793). [D]

Sheffield, James, Timber Hill, Melton Mowbray, Leics., cm (1835). [D]

Sheffrey, W., 184 Fleet St, London, upholder (c.1790). [Heal]

Sheldon, —, King St, Golden Sq., London, cm (1748). On 5 November 1748 knocked down and robbed by ‘three fellows in sailors’ habits’ near Golden Sq. [London Evening Post, 5–8 November 1748]

Sheldon & Benton, New Church St, Birmingham, cabinet case makers (1839). [D]

Shelley, Thomas, 174 High St, Lewes, Sussex, carver, gilder and picture dealer (1823). [D]

Shellye, John, parish of St Nicholas, Colchester, Essex, chairmaker (1660). Probate granted in 1660 at Chelmsford. [Wills at Chelmsford]

Shelton, Humphrey, London, upholder (1699–1702). Paid £187 for work at the Royal Hospital, Chelsea, 1699–1702. [Wren Soc., vol. XIX, p. 83]

Shelton, John, Nottingham, joiner and cm (1781–99). Took as apps Jo. Killingley (1781), Samuel Webb (1783), Thomas Hazzard (1786), William Simpson (1789), Thomas Walker (1792) and John Henshaw (1796). In 1782 insured his house for £150. By 1784 had entered a partnership with John Eley and in July of that year advertised for craftsmen. Insurance cover in April 1786 amounted to £600 and of this £120 was for stock and utensils at Friar Lane and £420 for stock in a yard, probably timber. The partnership of Shelton & Eley were one of the makers who endorsed the Nottingham Cabinet and Chair Makers’ Book of Prices, 1791, and subscribed to Sheraton's Drawing Book, 1793. By the late 1790s the partnership appears to have ended and John Shelton is shown trading on his own behalf from Friar Lane, 1798–99. [D; app. bk; GL, Sun MS vol. 302, p. 65; vol. 336, p. 329; Nottingham Journal, 31 July 1784]

Shelton, Joseph, St Martin-in-the-Fields, London, chairmaker and cm (1729–49). On 13 January 1728/29 took out insurance cover of £300 on his household goods and trade stock at his house in Hungerford Mkt which bore the sign of ‘The Chair & Sash’. By June 1740 he was trading at the sign of the ‘Hand and Hall Chair’, Hungerford Mkt. Here he acted as an undertaker and sworn appraiser as well as making and selling ‘Chair Cabinet & Glass Work, Carpenters & Joyner's Work’. His trade bill in the Scottish RO was used for an invoice dated 24 June 1740 in respect of goods supplied to the Duke of Gordon. The items were of a minor nature such as lifting handles, screws, hinges and castors, and only amounted to £1 1s. Another bill dated 14 June 1740 for similar items totalled £1 3s 6d. His address was given as York Buildings, St Martin-in-the-Fields in 1746 and Villers St, Strand in 1749. [GL, Sun MS vol. 27, ref. 46678; Scottish RO, GD44/51/465/1/46–47; Marylebone Lib., deed 69/27; Westminster poll bk]

Shelton, Robert, High St, Bedford, carver and gilder (1830–39). Recorded also at Silver St in 1839. [D]

Shelton, Thomas, York, cm (1834). [D]

Shelton, William, Bromsgrove St, Birmingham, chairmaker (1818). [D]

Shemeld, Charles, Charles St, Sheffield, Yorks., cm (1821). [D]

Shenfield, John, Heigham, Norwich, chairmaker (1830). [Poll bk]

Shennan, William, address unknown, cm (1775). In 1775 invoiced to Sir John Griffin Griffin of Audley End, Essex a ‘Mahogany oister table’ which was charged at £1 19s. [Essex RO, D/DBy/A33/10]

Shenstone, William, Spiceal St, Birmingham, chairmaker (1793–1800). [D] Probably William Shenton.

Shenton, John, London, chairmaker (1779–94). In 1779 at 11 Meards Ct, Dean St which he insured for £100. He moved from this house and was at 27 Wardour St Soho in 1789. He was still at this address in 1793–94 but was then in partnership with William Smith. [D; GL, Sun MS vol. 273, p. 96; Heal]

Shenton, Matthew, near New Rd, The Potteries, Staffs., cm (1818). [D]

Shenton, William, Birmingham, chairmaker (1808–22). Recorded at Spiceall St in 1808 as a fancy and dyed chairmaker; and at Bromsgrove St, 1816–22. [D] Probably William Shenstone.

Sheperd, Jesse, Churchfields, Greenwich, London, cm, upholder and broker (1783). Took out insurance cover of £600 in 1783 and of this £550 was for utensils and stock. [GL, Sun MS vol. 314, p. 504]

Shephard, Thomas, parish of St Oswald, Durham, u (d.1700). Burial registered on 2 April 1700. [PR (burial)]

Shephard, William I, London, upholder (1707–d. 1733). Father of William Shephard II. Free of the Upholders’ Co. on 3 December 1707. Took apps as early as November 1712. His known apps are William Solby (1719–26), Joseph Mander (1719/20) and Henry Weedon (1726–1733/34). The location of his premises in Leadenhall St is variously described. One insurance policy of 1715 gives it as the west side of the street ‘over against Crown Tavern’ and another of 1717 at the sign of ‘The Unicorn’. A third one, however, locates the business on the north side of the street against ‘The Crown Tavern’. At the time of his death in 1733 he was at ‘The Rising Sun’ in Mark Lane. [GL, Upholders’ Co. records; Hand in Hand MS vol. 14, p. 742; vol. 26, p. 64; Sun MS vol. 7, 5 December 1717; Heal; S of G, app. index]

Shephard, William II, Lambeth St (?), London, upholder (1738). Son of William Shephard I. Free of the Upholders’ Co. by patrimony, 4 October 1738. Probably the father of William Shephard III. May possibly have been the cm and u who in January 1775 was trading from an address near the church in Whitechapel and who insured his utensils and stock for £200. [GL, Upholders’ Co. records; Sun MS vol. 235, p. 622]

Shephard, William III, 61 Barbican, London, upholder (1781). Son of William Shephard whose address was Lambeth St and was possibly William Shephard II. William Shephard III was free of the Upholders’ Co. by patrimony, 7 March 1781. [GL, Upholders’ Co. records]

Shepheard, —, 1 Sion Cottages, Church St, Brighton, Sussex, cm (1822). [D]

Shepherd, —, London, carver (1774). On 21 December 1774 Ralph Yates, a carpenter of Clerkenwell Close, insured a house in the tenure of Shepherd, carver for £80. [GL, Sun MS vol. 235, ref. 347657]

Shepherd, —, next door to ‘The Three Tuns Tavern’, West Smithfield, London, u (1746). [Heal]

Shepherd, —, Taunton, Som., cm (1829). Daughter married in 1829. [Exeter Flying Post, 16 April 1829]

Shepherd, Beachcroft, 4 Chandos St, Covent Gdn, London, upholder and cm (1793–1816). Subscribed to Sheraton's Drawing Book, 1793. By 1800 at 4 Chandos St where he took out insurance cover for £1,600 of which £980 was for utensils and stock. The business remained at this address until 1816. [D; GL, Sun MS vol. 419, ref. 709511] See Hannah Fleming at the same address.

Shepherd, George, Church St, Greenwich, London, cm (1774). On 29 December 1774 insured his household goods and clothes for £200. [GL, Sun MS vol. 235, ref. 348032]

Shepherd, George, 75 Maid Lane, Southwark, London, cm and upholder (1787). On 23 February 1787 insured goods for £100. In 1793 a George Shepherd subscribed to Sheraton's Drawing Book. [GL, Sun MS vol. 343, p. 166]

Shepherd, Henry, Meadow St, St Paul's, Bristol, cm (1824–26). [D]

Shepherd, I. and/or J., Orchard St, Southampton, Hants., cm (1834–39). [D]

Shepherd, Isaac, Orchard St, Southampton, Hants., cm and chairmaker (1839). [D]

Shepherd, Jacob, Twisden, Goudhurst, Kent, upholder (1802). Son of John Shepherd of York Pl., Walworth, London, freeman and member of the Upholders’ Co. Jacob Shepherd was free of the Upholders’ Co. by patrimony, 7 July 1802. [GL, Upholders’ Co. records]

Shepherd, John, London, upholder (1722–49). Son of Charles Shepherd of Inkleton, Cambs., yeoman. App. to Richard Farmer on 3 October 1722 and Thomas Nash, freeman and member of the Skinners’ Co., 3 February 1724. John Shepherd was free of the Upholders’ Co. by servitude, 11 November 1730. He took as app. Charles Westwood, 1738–49. [GL, Upholders’ Co. records]

Shepherd, John, 69 Leadenhall St, London, upholder (1770–1802). Son of Richard Shepherd of Maidstone, dealer, and father of Jacob Shepherd who in his turn was a member of the Upholders’ Co. John Shepherd was admitted a member of the Upholders’ Co., 5 December 1770 under the terms of the Upholders’ Act of 1750. By 1775 he was trading from the Leadenhall St address as an upholder and auctioneer. He is recorded here until 1785 but appears in no directories after this date and may have retired from the business. In 1794 he was living at Savile Row, Walworth and in 1802, when he was made Master of the Upholders’ Co., he was at York Pl., Walworth. [D; GL, Upholders’ Co. records]

Shepherd, John, Haymarket, Sheffield, Yorks., chairmaker and u (1821–37). Probably the son of Malin Shepherd to whom he was successor. In 1837 at 17 Haymarket. [D]

Shepherd, John, Bridgegate, Howden, Yorks., cm and u (1823– 28). [D]

Shepherd, John, Hull, Yorks., cm (1823–39). At 10 Roper's Row in 1823 and 1 William's Sq., Upper Union St, 1838–39. [D]

Shepherd, John jnr, Helmsley, Yorks., joiner and cm (1828–40). [D]

Shepherd, Joseph, Bridge St, Chester, cm (1814–16). Listed at Lower Bridge St in 1816. [D]

Shepherd, Malin & Son, Haymarket, Sheffield, Yorks., chairmaker (1797–1825). Recorded at 17 Haymarket in 1825. The son was probably John Shepherd who carried on the business in Haymarket. Produced turned chairs and dealt in hardware and household furniture. [D]

Shepherd, Richard, St Clement's, Oxford, cm (1757–d. by 1765). Took apps named Grimshaw in 1757 and Seabright in 1760. In April 1758 advertised that he had a model of a newly devised sash window invented by John Baynes of London, carpenter. In January 1760 advertised for a journeyman. By October 1765 he was dead and Richard Powell, who had been his foreman for a number of years, took over the business from Richard Shepherd's widow Mary. [S of G, app. index; Jackson's Oxford Journal, 8 April 1758, 26 January 1760, 14 July 1764, 12 October 1765]

Shepherd, Thomas, Upton, Worcs., chairmaker (1728). In 1728 took app. named Baker. [S of G, app. index]

Shepherd, Thomas, London, cm (1793). Subscribed to Sheraton's Drawing Book, 1793.

Shepherd, Thomas, 29 Ormond St, Liverpool, cm and victualler (1821–35). [D]

Shepherd, Thomas Walter, 15 Mason St, Toxteth Park, Liverpool, cm (1822–30). App. to Thomas Croft Huxley in 1822 and petitioned freedom in 1828. Sworn free, 15 November 1830. [Freemen's committee bk; freemen reg.]

Shepherd, Vincent, Alnwick, Northumb., cm and house carpenter (1793). [D]

Shepherd, William, parish of St Antholin, London, bed joiner (c.1710). App. in 1703 to James Denham, bed joiner for seven years and served his term. [GL, P91/LEN/1200/1]

Shepherd, William, Nottingham, joiner and cm (1730–46). Son of Richard Shepherd of Nottingham, carpenter. App. in 1730 and free in 1737. Took app. named Nathaniel Stephenson in 1744. Probate was granted on William Shepherd's will, 12 January 1745/46. [App. reg.; freemen rolls; Notts. RO, probate records]

Shepherd, William, 62 St John St, London, cm and coal dealer (1779). In 1779 took out insurance cover of £200, half of which was for untensils and stock. [GL, Sun MS vol. 270, p. 523]

Shepherd, William, Powis St, Woolwich, London, carver and gilder (1832). [D]

Shepherd & Janson, 11 Lee's Yd, Leeds, Yorks., cm, joiners and carpenters (1826). The Shepherd involved was probably Simpson Shepherd who in September 1807 advertised that he was lately the partner of Samuel Croft as a joiner and carpenter but was now carrying on the trades on his own behalf from premises in Mr Lee's yard, Meadow Lane. [D; Leeds Mercury, 12 September 1807]

Shepherdson, George, Middle St, Gt Driffield, Yorks., cm (1823–40). Also u in 1840. [D]

Shepley, William, Birstall, Yorks., joiner/cm (1837). [D]

Sheppard, H. M., Sheppard's Walk, Exmouth, Devon, cm and u (1838). [D]

Sheppard, John & Son, Sheffield, Yorks., chairmakers (1798). [D]

Sheppard, John, High St, Taunton, Som., cm and u (1822–39). [D]

Sheppard, John, Penkhull St, Newcastle-under-Lyme, Staffs., carver and gilder (1832–37). [Poll bks]

Sheppard, Richard, High St, Newcastle-under-Lyme, Staffs., carver, gilder and repository of arts (1835–36). Listed at 43 High St in 1836. [D]

Sheppard, Robert, New St, Wellington, Salop., chairmaker and turner (1840). [D]

Sheppard, T., London, chairmaker (1828). Craftsman employed by Morel & Seddon who signed the frame of a dining chair supplied to Windsor Castle in 1828. [Gilbert, Leeds Furn. Cat., vol. 1, pp. 101–02]

Shepperd, Richard, 14 Broker Row, Moorfields, London, cabinet warehouse (1800). [D]

Shepperd, Richard, New St, Wellington, Salop, chairmaker (1835). [D]

Sherard, W., address unknown, u (1694). Recorded in the accounts for Drayton House, Northants, under the date 6 December 1694 as the supplier of upholstery materials and work to a value of £125 11s. [V&A archives]

Sheraton, N., London, cm (1793). Subscribed to Sheraton's Drawing Book, 1793.

Sheraton, Ninian John, New Radford, Nottingham, cm (1817– 40). Free 1817. Took as apps William Cope (1819), Samuel Potter (1820) and Edward Stapleton (1820). Recorded also at Hyson Green, Nottingham in 1835. [D; freemen rolls; poll bk; app. reg.]

Sheraton, Ralph, Nottingham, turner, joiner, cm and u (1832– 40). At Derby Rd, 1832–35 but by 1841 had moved to Fletchergate. Took as apps John Norman in 1833 and Cephas Dawson in 1840. [D; app. reg.]

Sheraton, Thomas, London (b.1751–d. 1806) was the son of a schoolmaster, also named Thomas; he married Margaret Mitchinson at Norton, Co. Durham on 8 February 1779 and was buried in the churchyard of St James's Piccadilly on 27 October 1806. An obituary [Gents Mag., November 1806] states that he was ‘a native of Stockton-upon-Tees, and for many years a journeyman cm, but who, since about the year 1793, has supported himself, a wife, and two children, by his exertions as an author’. His early life is obscure, but he clearly received a sound practical training in the cabinet trade and in draughtsmanship; he was also a devout Baptist who published several religious tracts. In A Scriptural Illustration of the Doctrine of Regeneration (1782) he described himself as ‘a mechanic, and one who never received the advantages of a collegial or academical education’. Later he confessed to ‘Having possessed a strong attachment and inclination for carving, in my youth, I was necessarily induced to make attempts in this art, and was employed in the country occasionally in it’. [Cabinet Dictionary, p. 136] Two views of Stockton High St engraved after ‘T. Sheraton’ were published by a local bookseller in 1785 and 1794.

Although the term ‘cabinet maker’ occurs on the title page of Sheraton's first pattern book it is most unlikely that he ever owned a workshop, certainly after his move to London around 1790. A trade card [Heal Coll., BM] issued c.1796 announcing that: ‘T. Sheraton / Teaches Perspective, Architecture and Ornaments, / makes Designs for Cabinetmakers / and sells all Kinds of Drawings, Books, &c …’ gives a fair idea of the nature of his business. In 1791 Sheraton was at 4 Hart St; he is recorded at 41 Davies St in 1793 and in 1795 moved to 106 Wardour St. In 1800 he returned to Co. Durham where he was ordained a Baptist minister before coming back to take up residence at 8 Broad St in 1802. Adam Black, the publisher, who, as a young man, undertook some part time work for Sheraton, has left a description of his employer's dismal house and the following character sketch (1804): ‘He is a man of talents, and, I believe, of genuine piety. He understands the cabinet business — I believe was bred to it, he has been, and perhaps at present is, a preacher; he is a scholar, writes well; draws, in my opinion masterly; is an author, bookseller, stationer and teacher.’

Sheraton is remembered today as the author of three pattern books. His distinguished and influential CabinetMaker and Upholsterer's Drawing-Book was published by subscription in fortnightly numbers, priced 1s between 1791–93, a slightly enlarged second edition appeared in 1794 and a third with trifling alterations in 1802. The subscribers were nearly all practicing tradesmen. The Drawing-Book was Sheraton's finest achievement and has deservedly established his reputation as the foremost late 18th-century furniture designer. Many copies found their way to America and a German edition was published at Leipzig in 1794. Some of the designs were inspired by pieces which the author had seen in the shops of smart London cm, but their consistent character leaves no doubt that he was personally responsible for the majority, rather than merely reporting current London fashions. Sheraton's second furniture book The Cabinet Dictionary, 1803, contained an explanation of all the terms used in the Cabinet, chair and upholstery branches.’ The 79 plates which support the text include designs in a progressive Regency style, while the alphabetically arranged entries provide a wealth of technical and general information about household furnishings and the cabinet trade.

In 1803 Sheraton started work on his last venture The Cabinet-Maker, Upholsterer, and General Artist's Encyclopaedia, to be published in 125 parts by subscription. It was a discursive rambling work displaying symptoms of the mental debility that preceded his death in 1806. Only 30 sections covering ‘A — Capstan’ appeared, supported by engravings of stylish furniture. The Furniture Library at High Point, N. Carolina possesses a unique ‘temporary subscription list’ for the Encyclopaedia, also a rare unbound copy of the Drawing Book in which the serial numbers retain their original blue wrappers printed with the prospectus and publishing conditions, plus various items of ephemera sent to subscribers. In 1812 eighty-four of Sheraton's plates were reissued by J. Taylor as a single folio volume titled Designs for Household Furniture by the late Thomas Sheraton.

A single manuscript design by Sheraton is extant — a pen and wash drawing for an ornate looking-glass dating from c.1790, now in the V&A. He designed several engraved trade cards and supplied a design for an impressive piano built by Messrs Broadwoods in 1796 for Don Manuel de Godoy to present to Queen Maria Louisa of Spain. This instrument is now at the Heritage Foundation, Deerfield, Mass. Although the Drawing Book was successful in disseminating sophisticated London taste, relatively few period pieces which exactly translate the engravings are known. A facsimile reprint issued by Batsford in 1895 helped to inspire a Sheraton revival which promoted a demand for slavish copies.

[R. Fastnedge, Sheraton Furniture; T. Sheraton, The Cabinet Dictionary, reprint ed. and introduction by W. P. Cole and C. F. Montgomery, 1970; T. Sheraton, DrawingBook, reprint, introduction by L. O.J. Boynton, 1970; T. Sowler, ‘Thomas Sheraton 1751–1806’, Cleveland and Teesside Local Hist. Soc. Bulletin, Summer 1977, pp. 10–18] C.G.G.

Sherborn, Charles, London, cm and u (1829–39). At 43 Leicester Sq. in 1829 and 9 Princes St and 52 Leicester Sq. in 1839. [D]

Shergold, John, High St, Winchester, Hants., turner and chairmaker (1823–30). Trading at no. 25 in 1830. [D]

Shergold, Thomas, Romsey, Hants., turner and chairmaker (1784–98). [D]

Shering, John, London, upholder (1709). Free of the Upholders’ Co. on 1 June 1709. [GL, Upholders’ Co. records]

Sherlock, George, Liverpool, carver, gilder and keeper of beer shop (1835–39). At 8 Norbury St in 1835, 32 Gloucester St in 1837 and 72 Gloucester St in 1839. [D]

Sherlock, John, 53 New Bird St, Liverpool, picture frame maker (1827–29). [D]

Sherman, —, address unknown, cm (1763). On 20 June 1763 paid £2 11s 6d by Nathaniel Ryder, 1st Lord Harrowby, in connection with Sandon Hall, Staffs. [Harrowbury MS Trust, Notebooks]

Sherman, Abraham & Tothill, John, 38 Allerton St, City Rd, London, cm (1811). In October 1811 took out insurance cover of £300 which included £50 for a workshop and £50 for the utensils and stock kept there. [GL, Sun MS vol. 457, ref. 862990]

Sherman, George, 18 Turner Sq., Hoxton Old Town, London, cm and u (1839). [D]

Sherman, John, London and Hungerford, Berks., upholder (1726–67). Son of Randall Sherman of Cricklade, Wilts., Gent. App. to Andrew Lenn on 14 September 1726 and free of the Upholders’ Co. by servitude, 5 March 1734/35. Took as app. William Townsend, 1738–54. In October 1767 Sherman was excused office in the Upholders’ Co. on the grounds of ill-health which forced him to retire to the country. From 1778–81 he is shown at Hungerford, Berks. [GL, Upholders’ Co. records]

Shernin, Thomas, 67 Gt Queen St, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, fancy cm and comb maker (1823). In January 1823 took out insurance cover of £800 which included £600 for utensils and stock both at his house and at a shop 62 Burlington Arcade, Piccadilly. [GL, Sun MS vol. 492, ref. 999781]

Sherrard & Co., address unknown, cm (c.1760). A bureau bookcase of c.1760 is recorded with a plaque on the back bearing the name Sherrard & Co. [C. Life, 13 April 1951, p. 1099]

Sherrard & Paxton, parish of St James, Westminster, upholders and broker (1740). Took out insurance cover of £300 in May 1740. [GL, Sun MS vol. 54, p. 481] Possibly Sheard, Jaxton & Co.

Sherratt, Charles, 2 Steelhouse Lane, Birmingham, cm, chairmaker and u (1828–30). [D]

Sherratt, James, 61 London Rd, Manchester, cm and broker (1817). [D]

Sherrat, Samuel, Liverpool, cm (1812–21). At 21 Clayton St, 1813–14, 20 Crosshall St in 1818 and 31 Maguire St in 1821. On 22 November 1812 married Mrs Julia Roberts, widow of William Roberts of Liverpool, painter. [D; Liverpool Mercury, 27 November 1812]

Sherratt, Samuel, Tunstall's Ct (or Calvert Sq.), Soho St, Liverpool, cm (1818). Free 11 June 1818. [Freemen reg.]

Sherren, James, Weymouth, Dorset, cm (d.1835). Died in 1835 leaving most of his property to his wife and three sons, Samuel, John and James. [Dorset RO, DA/W/1835/4]

Sherren, Robert, 38 Margaret St, Oxford Mkt, London, cm (1793–1803). Subscribed to Sheraton's Drawing Book, 1793 and Cabinet Dictionary, 1803. Included in the list of master cabinet makers in the latter work.

Sherren, Robert, 31 Charlotte St, Portland Pl., London, u and cm (1806–12). [D] Possibly:

Sherrer (or Sherran), —, address unknown, u (1803–06). Recorded in the account books of Lady Cotton of Madingley Hall, Cambs. On 21 February 1803 paid £40 on account, and in June 1806 £9 12s ‘as per bill’. [Cambs. RO, S88/A45]

Sherrett, —, address unknown, u (1770). Paid £20 3s 6d by Lady Caroline Fleming Leicester of Tabley Hall, Cheshire. [Chester RO, DLT/D46/2]

Sherott, Daniel, 42–44 Ratcliffe Highway, London, cm and u (1809–29). The son of John Sherrott who previously occupied this address. The business was of a substantial size and insurance cover taken out in April 1809 amounted to £3,000 of which £2,100 was for utensils and stock. The three properties at Ratcliffe Highway were interconnected and often referred to simply as 44. By June 1811 insurance cover had risen to £3,800 with £2,600 for utensils and stock but only two inter-connected properties are referred to in the policy probably 43 and 44. [D; GL, Sun MS vol. 447, ref. 830390; vol. 452, ref. 858356]

Sherrott, John snr, 42–44 Ratcliffe Highway, London, cm and u (1776–1809). Initially at 44 only but by 1790 in possession of all three properties. In 1776 insurance cover was £900 of which £500 was for utensils and stock. The business was, however, to expand rapidly with total cover reaching £2,800 by 1781, £3,200 by 1790 and £5,000 by 1809. It was in this year that he appears to have handed over to Daniel Sherrott, his son. There was also another son, John jnr involved with the business from 1809. They were probably active in the business at an earlier stage for in 1808 the business was referred to a Sherrott & Sons. A chest on chest of c.1800 is recorded with the trade label of this maker affixed. On this he described himself as ‘Upholsterer, Cabinet and Chair maker, Broker and Sworn Appraiser’ and stated that he bought and sold household goods, ‘stock in trade, estates by commission. Funerals performed’. [D; GL, Sun MS vol. 248, p. 269; vol. 275, p. 245; vol. 286, p. 107; vol. 292, p. 79; vol. 299, p. 529; vol. 370, p. 263; vol. 447, ref. 830389]

Sherrott, John jnr, 42 Ratcliffe Highway, London, cm (1808– 19). Son of John Sherrott snr and brother to Daniel Sherrott. Associated with his father's business by 1808 which was then trading as Sherrott & Sons. In 1809 took over his father's enterprise in partnership with his brother Daniel but by 1811 they had decided to trade independently with Daniel occupying 43–44 Ratcliffe Highway and John jnr no. 42. [D; GL, Sun MS vol. 447, ref. 830389]

Sherwen, William, 24 Queen St, Whitehaven, Cumb., joiner/cm (1828–34). [D]

Sherwin, Ann, Leicester, u (1698–d. 1700). Free 1698 but died 1700. Took as app. Edward Caulton. (Freemen rolls]

Sherwin, George, London, cm (1746–d. 1757). At Birchin Lane, Cornhill until March 1748 when his property was destroyed by fire. Then set up at ‘the first House in Leadenhall St. next Cornill’. He may have moved back to Birchin Lane for when his death was announced in April 1757 he was described as ‘an eminent Cabinet Maker in Birchin Lane, and a Common Council-Man of Cornhill Ward’. Supplied furniture to East India House, Leadenhall St and in September and November 1746 was paid two sums of £25 and £25 2s for chairs and £5 10s for looking-glasses. [General Advertiser, 29 March 1748; Gents Mag., April 1748; London Chronicle, 30 April 1757; Apollo, November 1965, p. 405]

Sherwin, J., 32 Little Bartholomew Close, London, fancy cm (1835). [D]

Sherwin, James, 75 Rahere St, City Rd, cm and u (1839). [D]

Sherwin, Thomas, 67 Gt Queen St, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, portable desk, backgammon table, billiard table, workbox, dressing case and cabinet case maker (1825–39). [D]

Sherwin, William, ‘The Hornet’, Chichester, Sussex, turner and chairmaker (1823–39). [D]

Sherwood, James, Liverpool, carver (1794–1829). In 1794 at Copperas Hill but in 1829 at 9 Atkinson St and 7 Mansfield St. [D]

Sherwood, James, London, cm (1830). Freeman of Norwich. [Norwich poll bk]

Sherwood, John Hallett, London, cm (1790–1825). In May 1790 took out insurance cover of £200 which included £60 for utensils and stock in the dwelling house of Brock, an optician at 39 Little Bartholomew Close, and £100 for stock in the dwelling house of Shearer, cm (possibly Thomas), ‘in the said Close’. John Hallett Sherwood's own address was given as 75 Aldersgate St. From 1795 his address is shown in directories as 42 Bartholomew Close. Included in the list of master cabinet makers in Sheraton's Cabinet Dictionary, 1803. [D; GL, Sun MS ref. 569755]

Sherwood, Robert, Southwark, London, cm (1826). Freeman of Maldon, Essex. [Maldon poll bk]

Sherwood, Samuel Oakley, Clapham, London, cm (1778). [Heal]

Sherwood, W., Cattlemarket and Bakers Pl., Sheffield, Yorks. cm and broker (1837). [D]

Sherwood, William, Woodbridge, Suffolk, cm and upholder (1784). [D]

Sherwood, William, 59 Lower Shadwell, London, upholder (1790–93). [D]

Sherwood, William, Hull, Yorks., carver, gilder and lookingglass manufacturer (1834–40). At 37 Bond St in 1834 and from 1835–40 at 37 Waterworks St. Described as cm etc. in 1840. [D]

Shether, Thomas, Northgate St, Canterbury, Kent, cm (1830–39). [D; poll bk]

Shevill, William, Mount Building, South Shields, Co. Durham, cm and joiner (1828). [D]

Shew, A. & E., 1 Gt Quebec St and 38 Upper York St, Bryanston Sq., London, u (1835). [D]

Shew, James, Red Lion Sq., Spitalfields, London, broker and cm (1808–20). At 30 Red Lion Sq. in 1808 but at 48 in 1819–20. [D]

Shew, James, 122 High Holborn, London, auctioneer, cm and upholder (1809–16). [D]

Shew, John, Streatham, London, cm, u and auctioneer (1822– 26). [D]

Shewan, Alian, Granby St, Leicester, cm (1840). [D]

Shewell, John & Jos., London, chairmakers (1689). On 23 October 1689 invoiced to the Earl of Lothian twelve ‘kain’ chairs at £4 4s, twelve other chairs at £3 12s, six arm chairs at £3 and twelve ‘matts’ at 6s. These were despatched by sea. A further 12s was charged for a packing case ‘to put y^e virginals’. [Scottish RO, GD40 (Lothian) V 329/2]

Shewring, Daniel, Corn St, Bristol, u (1713–18). In 1713 in association with his wife took app. named Hopkins. Daniel took app. named Rogers in 1717. [S of G, app. index; GL, Sun MS vol. 8, ref. 11231]

Shewring, Hester, 118 Temple St, Bristol, Windsor chair and rocking horse maker (1823–35). [D]

Shewring, Joseph, Bristol, upholder (1734–54). In 1734 living in the parish of St John, but in 1739 at Westerleigh near Bristol and in 1754 the address was Castle Precincts. [Poll bks]

Shewring, Luke snr, Temple St, Bristol, chairmaker (1795–1822). The number in Temple St is shown as 118 from 1814–22. His trade is indicated as Windsor and fancy chairmaker, 1799–1800, Windsor chair and portable cot maker in 1819 and Windsor chair and rocking horse maker in 1822. Hester Shewring, probably his widow, continued the business at the same address, 1823–35. [D]

Shewring, Luke jnr, 118 Temple St, Bristol, fancy chairmaker (1815–22). Occupied the same address as his father. In 1819 described also as a dealer in Dutch & English rushes and in 1820 also as a ‘Birmingham & Brass factor’ trading additionally from 10 Bath St. Not recorded after 1822. [D]

Shick, William, 43 Brick Lane, London, chairmaker (1813). In June 1812 took out insurance cover of £870 which included £600 for stock and utensils mainly in a workshop behind his dwelling house. [GL, Sun MS vol. 462, refs 883428–29]

Shields, George, Pilgrim St, Newcastle, u (1838). [D]

Shields, John, Sunderland, Co. Durham, cm and joiner (1828– 32). In 1828 recorded as Jno. Shields & Co. and trading at Whitburn St. In 1832 at Monk Wearmouth trading as a cm only. [D]

Shields, Thomas, Jewin St, Cripplegate, London (1803). Subscribed to Sheraton's Cabinet Dictionary, 1803.

Shiers, Richard Peart, Manchester, u and cm (1808–40). In 1808 at 2 Mount Zion and in 1811 3 Nichols Croft. From 1816–18 the address was 2 Nicholas Croft (no. 4 in 1815), but address thereafter were in Shudehill. The number here was 82 in 1819, 74, 1821–25, 68 in 1828–29 and 84 in 1832–40. [D] Succeeded by Mary Shires at 84 Shudehill.

Shiers, Theophilus, Chapel Allerton, Leeds, Yorks., cm (1822). [D]

Shikins, Edward, Wormgate, Boston, Lincs., chairmaker (1822). [D]

Shillick, William, High St, Guildford, Surrey, cm (1806–07). [Poll bks]

Shilling, Thomas, London, u (1685–88). Recorded in the accounts of C. Blunt, u, receiving various payments amounting to £9 15s 8½ between 1685–88. [PRO C114/164, pt 1]

Shillingford, John, King St, Golden Sq., London, carver (1777). In 1777 insured his house for £200. [GL, Sun MS vol. 258, p. 518]

Shillito, James, Liverpool, cm (1840). App. to Thomas Croft Huxley and free 27 July 1840. [Freemen reg.]

Shillito, John, 30 East St, Red Lion Sq., London, cm (1809). [D]

Shillitoe, Daniel, Wakefield, Yorks., carver (1761). In 1761 took app. named Ward. [S of G, app. index; Conn., June 1981]

Shilstone, Michael & Co., Bristol, cm and u (1805–14). At Broadmead in 1805. By 1807 Michael Shilstone appears to have been trading on his own behalf and from 1810 was in Horsefair, the number being 16 in 1813–14. [D]

Shilton, John, Market Pl., Cockermouth, Cumb., joiner/cm (1829). [D]

Shinglewood, William, parish of St Mary, Colchester, Essex, u (1694). Probate granted at Chelmsford, 1694. [Wills at Chelmsford]

Shinn, John, 3 St John St Rd, London, cm and u (1839). [D]

Shipley, Ann, High St, Leicester, cm and u (1796). On the death of her husband John in 1796 continued her husband's partnership with Nathaniel Saxton. [Leicester Journal, 1 September 1796]

Shipley, John, Nottingham, cm (1757). [Freemen rolls]

Shipley, John snr, High St, Leicester, cm and u (1753–d. 1796). In 1753 took as app. Thomas Spicer. Thereafter regularly took further apps until 1791. In March 1785 took as partner Nathaniel Saxton, and when John Shipley snr died in 1796 his widow Ann continued the business in partnership with Saxton. In 1786 supplied to the 5th Duke of Bedford a swing glass and a dressing glass costing together 9s 6d. The invoice is in a bundle of documents marked ‘Grooms accounts etc.’ and thus these items may have been for the stables at Woburn. [D; app. bks; Leicester Journal, 24 March 1785]

Shipley, John jnr, Leicester, cm (1801). Son of John snr and Ann Shipley. Free 1801. There is no evidence to suggest his involvement with his father's business. When John snr died in 1796 the business was continued by Ann Shipley in partnership with Nathaniel Saxton and later by Saxton on his own behalf and in partnership with his son. [Freemen rolls]

Shipley, Jno., Belgrave Gate, Leicester, chair and sofa maker (1828). [D]

Shipley, L., East Bond St, Leicester, cabinet, chair and cane seat maker (c.1815–40). In 1842 she claimed to have worked as a cane worker for twenty-seven years. [D]

Shipley, Richard, Belgrave Gate, Leicester, chairmaker (1820–22). Listed at Belgrave Gate in 1820 and Humberstone St in 1822. [D]

Shipley, Richard, Sheep St, Market Harborough, Leics., chairmaker (1835). [D]

Shipley, Thomas, Knuckles Alley, Drury Lane, London, cane chairmaker (1709). [Heal]

Shipley, Thomas, North St, Chichester, Sussex, carver, gilder and japanner (1823–40). [D]

Shipman, Coleman, 6 Farmer St, Shadwell, London, cm (1783). In 1783 insured his house for £100. [GL, Sun MS vol. 317, p. 548]

Shipman, Edward, 94 Watling St, London, upholder (1717–d. 1790). Son of Benjamin Shipman a Clerk from Norfolk. App. to George Ellis on 5 February 1717 and free of the Upholders’ Co. by servitude, 3 March 1725. Took as apps John Proudman (1761–66), Mathew Bendall (1772–80) and Charles Hallier (1780–88). From 1778–86 living in Watling St. [GL, Upholders’ Co. records]

Shipman, James, London, upholder and cm (1781–c.1824). Son of William Shipman of Bishopsgate, tailor. App. to James Stirridge and free of the Upholders’ Co. under the terms of the 1750 Upholders’ Act, 7 February 1781. At this date he was living at 54 Bishopsgate. Recorded in directories at 15 Rood Lane, Fenchurch St, 1789–97, and at 9 George Yd, Lombard St, 1799–c. 1824. Included in the list of master cabinet makers in Sheraton's Cabinet Dictionary, 1803. Assisted in his business by his son James jnr who took over the running entirely c.1825. [D; GL, Upholders’ Co. records; Heal]

Shipman, James jnr, London, cm and u (1825–39). Son of James snr, and his successor at 9 George Yd, Lombard St. Moved to 29 Gracechurch St, c.1836. [D]

Shipman, John, Bury St Edmunds, Suffolk, cm (1722–58). Took apps named Nieman in 1722, Baxter in 1723 Cole in 1730, Evered in 1744 and Fuller in 1758. [S of G, app. index]

Shipman, John, Little Compton St, London, cm (1777). In 1777 took out insurance cover of £300 of which £200 was for utensils and stock. [GL, Sun MS vol. 255, p. 383]

Shipman, Robert, address unknown, u (1740). In 1740 supplied a square mat for Lady Fitzwalter's China Room at Moulsham Hall, Essex costing £2. [A. C. Edwards, The Accounts of Benjamin Mildmay, Earl Fitzwalter, p. 109]

Shipman, Samuel, 24 Watling St, London, u (1784). [D] See Edward Shipman in Watling St, 1778–86.

Shipman, Thomas, 14 Pinnington St, Liverpool, cm (1811). [D]

Shipton, William, Coventry St and Dover St, London, upholder (1775–78). Maintained an upholstery warehouse in Coventry St, St James's, 1775–78, but also trading from Dover St, Piccadilly. In 1777 took out insurance cover of £900 on the Dover St premises of which half was for utensils and stock. Bankruptcy announced, Gents Mag., July 1778, only the Dover St address being used in the proceedings. [D; GL, Sun MS vol. 261, p. 367]

Shires, John, Wilson's Yd, Lower Headrow, Leeds, Yorks., carver, gilder and picture frame maker (1819). Business commenced at this address in 1819. [Leeds Intelligencer, 1819]

Shires, Mary, 84 Shudehill, Manchester, u (1836–d. by 1840). Appears to have succeeded Richard Peart Shiers, at this address in 1832–33. The executors of Mary Shires are listed in 1840. [D]

Shirley, William, Westgate, Grantham, Lincs., turner and chairmaker (1819–35). [D]

Shirmer & Bird, 37 Mortimer St, Cavendish Sq., London, u and cm (1835). [D]

Shirridge, J., 7 George Yd, Lombard St, London, cabinet warehouse (1794–97). James Shipman upholder and cm used an address at 9 George Yd, 1799–1839. [D]

Shirt, N. & G., 8 Gt Russell St, Covent Gdn, London, cm and u (1813–39). [D]

Shirst, Sarah, 5 Bridges St, Covent Gdn, London, mattress maker and upholder (1809–27). In January 1809 took out insurance cover of £550 of which £100 was for utensils and stock. By January 1812 these figures had risen to £650 and £200. [D; GL, Sun MS vol. 448, ref. 825867; vol. 459, ref. 864718]

Shirtcliff, J., 13 Mitchell St, Old St, London, cm (1808–29). [D]

Shlescha, Paul, London, cm (1793). Subscribed to Sheraton's Drawing Book, 1793.

Shobbrook, —, Exeter, Devon, cm (1776). [Freemen rolls]

Shoebridge, Richard, Colchester, Essex, cm (1791). In July 1791 took out insurance cover of £200. [GL, Sun MS vol. 379, p. 279]

Shoobridge, John, Chelmsford, Essex, upholder and cm (1784). [D]

Shoobridge, Richard, Braintree and Chelmsford, Essex, cm (1755–80). At Braintree, 1755–61. In 1755 took app. named Diss and in 1761, Wood. Probate granted on his will in 1780 by which date he was living in Chelmsford. [S of G, app. index; Wills at Chelmsford]

Shoobridge & Phillips, 237 High Holborn, London, cm (1786). In July 1786 Robert Shoobridge & Thomas Phillips took out insurance cover of £400 which included £200 for utensils and stock some of which were kept in a workshop and shed. [GL, Sun MS vol. 339, p. 162]

Shoosmith, Robert, Brighton, Sussex, cm and u (1838–39). At Blenheim Pl. in February 1838 when his daughter Hope Elizabeth was bapt. In August 1839 trading at 54 Union Pl. [D; PR (bapt.)]

Shooter, Edwin, Exeter, Devon, carver (1822–40). At Friernhay St, 1822–32; Preston St in 1833; Bear Lane in 1834; 2 South St, 1836; Little Southern Hay Lane, 1837–38; Market St, 1838; and Trinity St, 1839–40. Two sons and a daughter bapt. parish of St George, 1822–28, and a daughter parish of St Olave, 1840. [D; PR (bapt.)]

Shore, John, 14 Tib Lane, Manchester, cm (1815–17). [D]

Shore, Richard, Wickersley, near Rotherham, cm (1837). [D]

Shore, Robert, Market St, Derby, u (1730–48). In December 1730 took out insurance cover of £300 on his house, warehouse, household goods and stock in trade. [GL, Sun MS vol. 33, ref. 52421; poll bks]

Shore, Roger, 9 Back Quay St, Little St, Manchester, cm (1808). [D]

Shore, William, London, upholder (1751–69). Son of Thomas Shore of Little Eastcheap, cheesemonger. App. to John Iliffe on 5 November 1751 and James Grange, 2 July 1767. Free of the Upholders’ Co., 5 July 1769. [GL, Upholders’ Co. records]

Shores, Anthony, York, cm (1834). [D]

Shores, Arthur, Micklegate, York, cm and u (1822–40). Traded for most of this period in partnership with Edward Steward. Their address is variously given as either 91 or 92 Micklegate. The partnership was already established by April 1822 when they took as app. Charles John Lund. Other apps taken jointly were William Linfoot on 7 August 1823, John Taylor on 4 August 1825 and James Firth on 23 October 1830. It may have been in 1830 that the partnership was terminated, for one directory of this year shows Edward Steward at Blossom St. Subsequent apps taken, such as Francis Jackson on 13 July 1835 and William Dickings on 5 June 1840, were in the name of Arthur Shores only. [D; app. reg.]

Shorey, Ebenezer, 17 Marygold St, Bermondsey, London, u (1826). Freeman of Maldon, Essex. [Maldon poll bk]

Shorey, Timothy, 21 Butcher Hall Lane, Newgate St, London, u (1824–31). Freeman of Maldon, Essex. On 18 February 1824 insured his house and contents for £100 but only £5 was allowed for utensils. [GL, Sun MS vol. 496, ref. 1014416; Maldon poll bks]

Shortland, Richard Watson, 8 Camden Alley, Portsea, Portsmouth, Hants., carver and gilder (1830). [D]

Shortland, Richard, Cross St, Ryde, Isle of Wight, Hants., carver and gilder (1839). [D]

Short, Edward, 49 Marlborough St, Devonport, Devon, cm (1838). [D]

Short, Edwin, Trinity St, Worcester, chairmaker (1835). [Freemen rolls]

Short, Isaac, 84 Oldmarket, Bristol, cm (1775). [D]

Short, Isaac, Lower West St, Bristol, bedstead and chairmaker, cm (1835–40). [D]

Short, James, London, upholder (1738–46). Son of J. Short of Norwich, woolcomber. App. to James Butterfield on 3 May 1738 and free of the Upholders’ Co., 5 June 1746. [GL, Upholders’ Co. records]

Short, James, 16 Red Lion St, Spitalfields, London, carver, gilder and looking-glass manufacturer (1779). In 1779 insured his house for £300. [GL, Sun MS vol. 277, p. 316]

Short, James, Ipswich, Suffolk, cm (1768). Married on 4 August 1768. [Suffolk RO, FAA: 50/2/94–104]

Short, James, Wooler, Northumb., cm, joiner and u (1834). [D]

Short, James, 65 Seymour Pl., Bryanston Sq., London, u (1835). [D]

Short, John, Chichester, u (1715–16). In 1715 took app. named Rose. In 1716 an app. named Markes was taken by John Short jnr of Chichester. [S of G, app. index]

Short, John, St Nicholas St, Worcester, fancy chairmaker (1828–37). [D]

Short, Joseph, Waterside, Wisbech, Cambs., cm and u (1824). [D]

Short, Nicholas, Allendale, Northumb., joiner and cm (1827–28). [D]

Short, Robert, Fore St, Cripplegate, London, looking-glass maker and cm (1770). The Fore St premises are described on his trade card [Banks Coll., BM] as a warehouse. He stated that he made and sold ‘all Sorts of Looking Glass & Cabinet Work which he Manufactures himself to supply Merchants for Exportation or Home Consumption’. Bankruptcy announced, Gents Mag., May 1770.

Short, Shirley, High St, Wotton-under-Edge, Glos., cm (1824). Child bapt. in 1824. [PR (bapt.)]

Short, William, Sherborne, Dorset, chair and basket maker (1798). [D]

Short, William, 14 Compton St, Brunswick Sq., London, cm (1826–33). Bankruptcy announced, London Gazette, 17 September 1833. [D]

Short, William, 13 Cadogan St, London, cm and u (1839). [D]

Shorthose, Joshua, Burton-on-Trent, Staffs., chairmaker (1756). In 1756 took app. named Matthews. [S of G, app. index]

Shortman, Samuel, Newham, Glos., cm (1839). [D]

Shortridge, Christopher, Westgate St, Newcastle, cm (1787). [D]

Shotter, Gawen, London, upholder (1781–1802). App. to Robert Brooke on 5 September 1781 and free of the Upholders’ Co. by servitude, 19 November 1788. Trading at 1 Budge Row, Cannon St in 1790, and the business was to continue at this address until its closure. Gawen Shotter is shown living at William St, probably his dwelling house, in 1802. Took as app. William Evans from 1794–1801 who he took into partnership on the completion of his apprenticeship and the business traded as Shotter & Evans, 1801–02. [D; GL, Upholders’ Co. records]

Shotton, William, Fleshmarket, Newcastle, cm (1778– d.c. 1793). His stock-in-trade consisting of finished furniture and a ‘large stock of dry Mahogany, wainscot, beach, deals and other wood’ was sold off in May 1793 after his death. [D; Newcastle Courant, 11 May 1793]

Shoulden, James, Dover, Kent, cm (1818). Freeman of Canterbury. [Canterbury poll bk]

Shoulder, James, Brighton, Sussex, cm (1830). Freeman of Canterbury. [Canterbury poll bk]

Showbridge, John, parish of St Martin-in-the-Fields, London, cm (1733–d. 1740). App. to Mr Bell in St Martin's Lane for seven years and free c.1733. [Westminster Ref. Lib., F/5037]

Showring, Daniel, parish of St Thomas, Bristol, upholder (1722). poll bk]

Shreeve, G. T., Gt Yarmouth, Norfolk, cm (1807). [Poll bk]

Shreeve, William, London, u, appraiser and undertaker (1760– c.1780). In 1760 a person with this surname, probably William Shreeve was at the sign of ‘The Cabinet’, Within Smithfield Bars. Otherwise he is known only from his trade card, c.1780, which gives an address ‘Three doors from Ludgate Hill in the Old Bailey’. He made and sold ‘all Sorts of Cabinets, Glasses and Chairs’ and claimed to be ‘The only Inventor and Maker of Venetian Curtains to Common Windows, to hang in the same form as y^e Right Venetian Curtains’. A mahogany kneehole desk of the third quarter of the 18th century, the front carved with blind fret in the Gothic taste, is known with this maker's trade label affixed. [Heal; Christie's NY, 17 October 1981, lot 154]

Shreeve, William, Norwich, cm (1780–1818). In the parish of St Peter Mancroft 1780–82 and in 1782 took out insurance cover on two houses, one valued at £100 and the other at £200. In 1802 in the parish of St Margaret and in from 1807– 18 in the parish of St Gregory. [Poll bks; GL, Sun MS vol. 300, p. 230; vol. 301, p. 12]

Shreeves, William jnr, Upper Stone St, Maidstone, Kent, cm (1832–35). The property in Upper Stone St was a house. [D; poll bks]

Shrewring, Jos., Westerleigh, Glos., upholder (1739). Freeman of Bristol. [Bristol poll bk]

Shrewsbury, Thomas, 8 Chapel Pl., Pentonville, London, cm (1808). [D]

Shrigley, —, Lancaster, furniture painter and varnishers (1811– 38). Named in the Gillow records 1811, 1814–18, 1820–23, 1825–29 and 1831–38. [Westminster Ref. Lib., Gillow]

Shrigley, Robert, London, upholder (1767–74). Son of John Shrigley of Chignall, Essex, clerk. App. to George Thorne on 13 March 1767 and free of the Upholders’ Co. by servitude, 7 December 1774. [GL, Upholders’ Co. records]

Shrimpton, John, Marlborough, Wilts., chair, basket and parchment maker and victualler (1790). In August 1790 insured a dwelling and offices adjoining ‘The Bear & Castle’ for £300 and stock and utensils kept there for a further £200. He also insured for £150 a house, workshop and offices that he was renting which also included stock and utensils. [GL, Sun MS ref. 572986, 26 August 1790] See Thomas Shrimpton.

Shrimpton, Joshua, 38 High St, Poplar, London, cm (1835). [D]

Shrimpton, Thomas, Marsh, Marlborough, Wilts., chairmaker, turner and basket maker (1822–30). [D]

Shufflebotham, Jesse, Custard St, Leek, Staffs., carver and gilder (1818). [D]

Shuffrey, William, London, u and appraiser (1774–1811). App. to Edward Smith on 4 May 1774, but also trained under Mary Phipps, weaver, and from 3 November 1779, Thomas Norris, upholder. Free of the Upholders’ Co. by servitude, 5 November 1783 and at this date living at 184 Fleet St. In October 1784 he married Miss Bauman of Aldersgate St. In February 1787 at 1 Silver St, Fleet St and here he insured goods to the value of £500. By 1794 at 36 Aldersgate St, but a directory of 1792 gives the number as 6, possibly an error. At 36 Aldersgate St still in 1797, but the next directory entry, of 1809, gives 19 Butcher Hall Lane. The business, which was now called William Shuffrey & Co., remained at this address until 1811. [D; GL, Upholders’ Co. records; Sun MS vol. 343, p. 190; Gents Mag., October 1784]

Shuffrey, William Henry, London, cm and u (1826–39). At 19 Stonecutter St in 1826 as an u and carpetmaker. In 1835 at 5 Budge St, in 1837 at 166 Strand and in 1839 at 160 Strand. Possibly the son of the William Shuffrey who traded as a u in London, 1783–1811. [D]

Shurray, William, Wakefield, Yorks., upholder (1798). [D]

Shury, Robert, St Aldate's, Oxford, cm (1802). [Poll bk]

Shute, Henry, Leeds, Yorks., cm (1790–1840). At St Peter's Sq., 1790–98, 26 Kirkgate 1821–22 and 96 Kirkgate in 1826. By 1828 the business was trading as Henry & James Shute and in that year is shown first at 96 Kirkgate and in 1830 at 32 Call Lane, also as u. The business was still at this address from 1834–39, but the partnership had changed and the business was now trading as Henry & William Shute, cm and u. [D]

Shuter, Edwin, Exeter, Devon, carver (1831). Daughter Caroline bapt. at St Mary Major, 19 October 1831. [PR (bapt.)]

Shuter, John, Cambridge, u (1662–d.1699). Detailed payments are recorded to John Shuter in the accounts of Trinity College between 1662–91 and St John's College between 1667–90. These include supplying matting, material, upholstery and furniture, a payment by Trinity College in 1675 giving a good indication of the type of work he undertook: ‘To Mr Shuter for 24 chairs for the Common Chamber at 11s. 6d. the chair £13. 16d. 0d., To him for a large Turkey worke Carpet £2. 18. 0d., For a lesser Turkey work carpet £1 10. 0d., To him for a large Close stool for ye lodging 13s. 6d.’. He died in Cambridge in 1699. [Archives of Trinity and St John's Colleges; Will WR11:58 University Lib.] R.W.

Shutt, John, Bowling, Bradford, Yorks., cm (1822). [D]

Shuttleworth, —, corner of Orange Ct and Swallow St, Golden Sq., London, cm (1751). [London Evening Post, 15–17 January 1751]

Shuttleworth, Barton, London, upholder (1717–30). Son of Richard Shuttleworth of Lancaster. App. to John Heath on 16 September 1717 and free of the Upholders’ Co. by servitude, 7 January 1729/30. [GL, Upholders’ Co. records]

Shuttleworth, Charles, Smallbrook St, Birmingham, cm, u and broker (1830). [D] Possibly the C. Shuttleworth of Birmingham declared bankrupt, Brighton Gazette, 10 February 1825.

Shuttleworth, James, Leeds, Yorks., cm (1821–34). In 1821 at 11 Hope St, in 1822 at Back of Park Row and in 1834 at 43 Basinghall St. [D]

Shuttleworth, Richard, London, upholder (1749–56). At Gt Jermyn St in 1749 and Upper Grosvenor St in January 1756. [Westminster poll bk; Public Advertiser, 11 January 1756]

Shuttleworth, Robert, Oxford St, London, upholder (1775). In 1775 insured a house for £500. [GL, Sun MS vol. 239, p. 284]

Shuttleworth, Roger, 116 Oxford St, London, u (1775–77). [D]

Shuttleworth, T., 1 Guinea Lane, Bath, Som., broker and cm (1819). [D]

Shuttleworth, Thomas, Lancaster, u (1728–29). [Freemen rolls]

Shuttleworth, Thomas, Kirkgate, Wakefield, Yorks., cm (1798–1818). In 1814 the business was trading as Shuttleworth & Son. [D]

Sibley, A., 11 Broad St, Golden Sq., London, carver and gilder (1835). [D]

Sibley, James, King St, Hammersmith, London, cm (1826). [D]

Sibley, John, Watlington, Oxon., u (1755). In May 1755 it was announced that John Sibley jnr would be continuing the business of his late father John Sibley snr [Jackson's Oxford Journal, 17 May 1755]

Sibley, John, London, carver, gilder, looking-glass and picture frame maker (1829–37). At 20 Duke's Ct, St Martin's Lane in 1829 and 45 Broad St, Golden Sq., 1835–37. [D] Succeeded by Sarah Sibley, probably his widow.

Sibley, Sarah, 45 Broad St, Golden Sq., London, carver and gilder (1839). [D]

Sibley, William, London, carver and gilder (1820–37). At Castle St, Leicester Sq. in 1820 and 42 Whitcomb St, Haymarket, 1835–37. His trade card [Johnson Coll., Bodleian Lib., Oxford] gives the Whitcomb St address and also 45 Broad St, Golden Sq., an address also used by both John and Sarah Sibley. The trade card indicates that he made picture and looking-glass frames and dealt in old and new music and musical instruments. [D]

Sibson, William, 3 Providence St, Myton St, Hull, Yorks., bedstead manufacturer (1823). [D]

Sibthorpe, Christopher, ‘The Japan Cabinet’, Aldermanbury, London, cm and looking-glass seller (1714–d. 1730). Described in 1714 as a ‘joyner’, and in 1719 the Philadelphia goldsmith Francis Richardson noted in his account book an intended visit to ‘Cristepher Siphtha, a Looking Glass maker, at the Sign Looking Glass in Aldermondary’. [GL, Sun MS vol. 4, ref. 4219; Wills, Looking-Glasses; Heal]

Sicklemore, Henry, Brighton, Sussex, cm and u (1837–40). Living in Trafalgar St on 21 August 1837 when he married Louisa Furner. Trading from 11 West St in 1839 but by 1843 had moved to 65 Upper North St. [D; PR (marriage)]

Sickling, John, Hingham, Norfolk, cm (1795). [Poll bk]

Siday, Elias, 1 Richmond Pl., City Rd, London, chair and sofa maker (1839). [D]

Siddall, John, Upper Bryanston St, Edgware Rd, London, cm and blind maker (1817). [D]

Siddall, Samuel, London, upholder (1711–18). Son of Thomas Siddall of Manchester, callender. App. to Joseph Hulton on 6 June 1711 and free of the Upholders’ Co. by servitude, 2 July 1718. [GL, Upholders’ Co. records]

Siddelley, James, Lower Hillgate, Stockport, Cheshire, cm and joiner (1828). [D]

Sidebotham, Thomas, 87 Hill St, Birmingham, cm, u and broker (1828–30). Shown also at 28 Essex St in 1830. [D]

Sidey, John, Gt Peter St, Westminster, London, chairmaker (1768). In 1768 took app. named Mary Stanbridge. [Westminster Ref. Lib., MS F4309, p. 2]

Sidgier (or Sidgler), Henry, London, carpenter, cm and u (c.1760–84). His trade card, dated by Heal c.1760, gives an address at ‘The Carpenters Arms’ in Gt Shere Lane, near Temple Bar. In 1784 shown at Chancery Lane. [D; Heal]

Sidnel, David jnr, parish of SS Philip and Jacob, Bristol, carver (1784). [Poll bk]

Sidney, Benjamin, Soho, London, upholder (1700–07). Known in connection with materials supplied to and work done for the Duchess of Buccleuch. In 1700 paid £16 0s 11d for furnishings at Moor Park, Herts. Material was supplied for ‘Her Grace's blue & gold chairs’ and linen to line ‘Indian silk’ hangings, a canopy and chairs. Work undertaken in the following year was for delivery to Scotland. This included rods for the Duchess of Buccleuch's needlework bed and work on the bed and matching stools. From 1702–03 furnishings were made for Her Grace's lodgings in Parliament Close, Edinburgh. These included an easy chair, round stools, window curtains, damask cushions for cane chairs and quilts. Some work continued until 1707. [Scottish RO, GD 224/25/3/3; GD 224/Box 29, GD 224/Box 28]

Sidney, Henry, 30 Baldwin St, City Rd, London, carver, wood, cabinet etc. (1839). [D]

Sidney, Jonathan, parish of St Martin-in-the-Fields, London, cm (1757). In June 1757 reported as a ‘fugitive for debt’. [London Gazette, 14 June 1757]

Sidwell, William, 103 Micklegate, York, cm and u (1830). [D]

Sigsworth, John, Market Pl., Kirbymoorside, Yorks, cm and joiner (1834–40). [D]

Silbon, William, 3 Providence St, Myton St, Hull, Yorks., cm and bedstead maker (1822–23). In October 1822 took an app. Samuel Ayre and in the following month another named Joseph Blakley, both of Hull. In September 1823 another app. John Hunter was assigned to him by John Hinsley. [D; app. reg.]

Silcock, Jacob, Norwich, u (1784). Son of Obadiah Silcock, u. Free 18 December 1784. [Freemen reg.]

Silcock, Obadiah, parish of St Saviour, Norwich, u (1753–84). App. to Edward White and free 3 May 1753. His son Obadiah, a grocer, was made free, 22 August 1770 and a further son Jacob, an u, was free on 18 December 1784. In 1754 took app. named Watts. [Poll bk; freemen reg.; S of G, app. index]

Silk, Thomas, London, u and cm (1767–1801). Freeman of London and a member of the Joiners’ Co. and Ironmongers’ Co. In 1767 he was using an address in Little Carter Lane, but from 1768–71 was at Bell Yd, Doctors Commons. From 1772–1801 at 4 St Paul's Churchyard which was next to ‘The Queen's Arms Tavern’. He also acted as an appraiser and undertaker. From 1767–83 he took out licences to employ non-freemen on a regular basis, the number often being six. William Cobett was his app. in the 1770s. In 1772 supplied two mahogany side boards to the proprietors of the Coal Exchange in Lower Thames St at a cost of £3 15s. His name is also recorded as a supplier of furniture to Nathaniel Ryder, 1st Lord Harrowby for Sandon Hall, Staffs. 1773–77. The payments made were £9 11s 6d on 31 July 1773, £2 2s on 23 July 1774, £2 15s 3d on 18 July 1775, £10 2s 3d on 24 July 1776 and £11 on 1 March 1777. The payment of 1773 was for chairs and that of 1777 for chairs for bedrooms and the Little Dressing Room. His trade label has been found on items of furniture of the 1770s including a mahogany secretaire bookcase. [D; GL, Upholders’ Co. records; City Licence bks, vols 6–10; Coal Exchange ledger; Harrowby MS Trust, Notebooks, vols 334, 337, 338]

Sill, Lancaster, chairmaker (1811–12). App. to I. Boulton and free by servitude, 1811–12. [App. reg.]

Sillett, George, Market Pl., North Walsham, Norfolk, cm (1830). [D]

Sillitoe, William, Church St, Sudbury, Suffolk, cm (1830). [D]

Sillo & Co., 15 High St, Manchester, picture frame makers and print sellers (1800–02). [D]

Silver, Elizabeth, 45 Broad St, Reading, Berks., cm and u (1840). Successor to James Silver at this address and probably his widow. [D]

Silver, James, Broad St, Reading, Berks., cm (1837). [Poll bk]

Silver, James & Sons, High St, Maidenhead, Berks., cm and u (1840). [D]

Silverlock, Richard, Fareham, Hants., chairmaker (1792). [D]

Silverlock, William, Pile St and South St, Newport, Isle of Wight, Hants, cm and u (1787–1801). In April 1787 insured his utensils and stock at both shops and also his household goods for £300. By March 1801 the total cover had risen to £500, but only the Pile St address is mentioned and stock and utensils there in his shop and dwelling house were valued at £300. [GL, Sun MS vol. 344, ref. 529690; vol. 40, ref. 716534]

Silverlock, William, Lymington, Hants., joiner and cm (1792–93). [D]

Silverton, J., 6 Canning Pl., Old St, London, cm (1835). [D]

Silverton, J., 42 Primrose St, Bishopsgate, London, cm (1835). [D]

Silverwood, Benjamin, Gainsborough, Lincs., cm and u (1730– d. 1766). In January 1730 took out insurance cover of £250 which was for utensils, stock and household goods. In 1755 took app. named Silverwood, possibly his son Joseph; in 1761 Watson, and in 1762 a third named Hind. His son Joseph, took over the business in August 1766 following his father's death. At this date the business was in Little Church Lane. [GL, Sun MS vol. 32, ref. 53122; S of G, app. index; Cambridge Chronicle, 9 August 1766]

Silverwood, Joseph, Little Church Lane, Gainsborough, Lincs., cm (1766). Son of Benjamin Silverwood whose business he took over in August 1766. He may not have traded for long, for by December a sale of the stock in trade was advertised by ‘widow Silverwood’. Timber stocks of mahogany, Virginia walnut, wainscot and elm were offered together with benches and tools. Mrs Silverwood advertised further sales of stock in August 1767 and May 1769. [Cambridge Chronicle, 9 August and 4 October 1766, 27 August 1767, 6 May 1769]

Silverwood, Theodore, Derbs., cm (1803). Subscribed to Sheraton's Cabinet Dictionary, 1803.

Silverwood, Thomas, Lancaster (1814). [Westminster Ref. Lib., Gillow records]

Silvester, William, London Rd, Gloucester, u (1839). [D].

Sim, William, 128 Queen St, Whitehaven, Cumb., joiner/cm (1834). [D]

Simcock, James, High St, Margate, Kent, cm (1838). [D]

Simcox, Jane, Birmingham, u (1835–39). Listed at 14 Cannon St in 1835 and 68 Bath St, 1839. [D]

Simcox, William, 10 Snow Hill, Birmingham, u (1830). [D]

Simes, Elias, parish of St Clement (Middlx), London, u (1683– 93). In 1693 received judgement against Robert Egdon for £260. [Oxford RO, Su. xii/1; Misc. Coventry III/1]

Simkins, John, Southampton, Hants., cm (1774). [Poll bk]

Simm, James, address unknown, cm (1778–83). In 1778 undertook work for Sir Gilbert Heathcote to a value of £9 0s 6d which included supplying on 31 October a double chest of drawers in oak at £5 5s, and a single chest of drawers at £3 3s. In part payment £2 was allowed for a lime, walnut, pear and apple tree. Simm received a payment in 1783. [Lincoln RO, 2 ANC 12/D/32, 3 ANC 6/21]

Simmons, J., opposite the Armory, Stapleton Rd, Bristol, u and paper hanger (1840). [D]

Simmonds, James, Southampton Row, London, u and cm (1804–11). At 33 Southampton Row, 1804–08, but in that year the number changed to 44. Some directories describe the business as an upholstery warehouse. [D]

Simmonds, Richard, 44 Cumberland St, Hackney Rd, London, cm and u (1839). [D]

Simmonds, Thomas, Bristol, cm and upholder (1799–1801). At 2 Broad Wear, 1799–1800, and Horse Fair in 1801. [D]

Simmonds, William & Bonnell, Thomas, parish of St Martin-inthe-Fields, London, cm (1744). Bankruptcy announced, Gents Mag., April 1744.

Simmonds, William, 45 Minster St, Reading, Berks, cm and u (1826–40). [D; poll bk]

Simmonds, William, Catherine St, Salisbury, Wilts., cm and u (1839). [D]

Simmons, —, near Middle Temple Gate, Fleet St, London, u (1745). [Heal]

Simmons, George, Exeter, Devon, cm (1826–32). At Northernhay on 18 June 1826 when his son William Henry was bapt. at St David's Church. Two further children were bapt. between 1828–30 at St Mary Arches and then he was living in Synagogue Pl. By 1832 he appears to have moved once more and was living in the parish of St John. [PR (bapt.); poll bk]

Simmons, George, Leamington, Warks., cm (1828–30). [D]

Simmons, John, London, cm (1774–81). Freeman of Bristol but living in London. At Purpool Lane, Gray's Inn Rd in 1774 and 24 Cady St, Lincoln's Inn Fields in 1779. In the latter year he took out insurance cover on some houses for £1,200. In 1781 at Whitechapel Rd. [Bristol poll bks; GL, Sun MS vol. 274, p. 148]

Simmons, John, 96 Old St, St Luke's, London, u and cm (1808– 39). By 1835 had taken a partner named Gregory and the business was to trade as Simmons & Gregory, 1835–39. In 1839 the number was given as 97. [D]

Simmons, John, Portsea, Portsmouth, Hants., cm, u and appraiser (1823–39). Listed at 36 Union St in 1823 and 88 Queen St, 1830–39. [D]

Simmons, John, 26 Penton St, Pentonville, London, u (1826). [D]

Simmons, John, Lower Rd, Islington, London, cm (1835). [D]

Simmons, John, East Hill, Colchester, Essex, chairmaker (1839). [D]

Simmons, Joseph, London St, Reading, Berks., cm (1820). [Poll bk]

Simmons, Richard, Red Lion Sq. London, u (1835–39). In 1835 at 4 East St, Red Lion Sq. and in 1839 at New North St, Red Lion Sq. [D]

Simmons, Samuel, 20 Newington Causeway, London, u (1829). [D]

Simmons, Thomas, North St, Cliffe, Lewes, Sussex, cm and u (1839–40). At North St in November 1839 but by 1845 had moved to High St. [D]

Simmons, William, Barnes, Surrey, cm (1831). Freeman of Sandwich, Kent. [Sandwich poll bk]

Simmons, William, Nottingham, cm and u (1834–40). Trading at Derby Rd in 1834 and Toll House Hill in 1840. [D]

Simms, —, Wych St, London, u (d. 1729). His death was reported in Daily Post, 5 February 1729. He was a Quaker and at the time of his death was said to be worth £50,000 and ‘formerly an upholsterer in Wych St’.

Simms, G., Bath., Som., cm (1819–33). Listed at 5 Kingsmead Terr. in 1819 and 5 New Orchard St, 1833. [D]

Simms, Joseph, 1 Blackman St, London, wholesale u (1767–99). [D]

Sim(m)s, Thomas, 14 Hockennall Alley, Liverpool, chairmaker (1813–14). [D]

Simms, W., parish of St Clement, Oxford, cm (1768). [Survey of Oxford]

Sim(m)s, William, 145 High Holborn, London, upholder and cm (1774–1808). Included in the list of master cabinet maker's in Sheraton's Cabinet Dictionary, 1803. A mahogany Pembroke table with this maker's trade label affixed has been recorded. [D; Christie's, 16 June 1977, lot 99]

Simms, Harrison & Bradford, 1 Gt Dover St, London, u (1839). [D]

Simner, John, 4 Gilbert St, Liverpool, carver (1811). [D]

Simonds, John, Marlborough, Wilts, cm (1797–98). [D]

Simons, George, Clement St, Leamington, Warks., cm (1828). [D]

Simons, John, 12 Charterhouse Sq., London, looking-glass manufactory (c.1790). [Wills, Looking-Glasses]

Simons, William E., Radford, Notts., joiner and cm (1832). [D]

Simons, William, Nottingham, joiner and cm (1836). In 1836 took as app. John Stafford. [App. reg.]

Simonton, Robert, Castle Yd, Newcastle, cm and carpenter (1778). [D]

Simper, Robert, 42 Guildhall St, Bury St Edmunds, Suffolk, cm (1839). [D]

Simpkins, John, parish of All Saints, Southampton Hants., cm (1780–93). In 1784 appointed guardian to Catherine and Sarah Hockley. [D; Hants. RO, SC4/3/823; S of G, Winchester Guardianships]

Simple, John, 2 Berners St, London, upholder and cm (1805). In January 1805 took out insurance cover of £1,200 which included £700 for utensils and stock at his house in Berners St and £140 for similar items at 78 Margaret St described as a house, warehouse and workshop. [GL, Sun MS vol. 431, ref. 769982]

Simpson, Alexander, London, cm and upholder (1777–93). At Tyler St in 1777 where he took out insurance cover of £700 of which £200 was for his workshop and stock. In the following year he was at Little Hermitage St and cover had risen to £1,000 with £800 for utensils and stock. By 1780 at 4 New Bond St, an address that he was to occupy until 1793. Patronised by Sir John Nelthorpe who on 11 June 1783 paid £3 23s 6d for a mahogany dressing table and on 24 April 1798 £1 18s for a mahogany writing desk and a portable music desk. Alexander Simpson was succeeded at the New Bond St address by William Simpson in 1794. [D; GL, Sun MS vol. 255, p. 375; vol. 262, p. 376; vol. 284, p. 460; vol. 306, p. 255; Lincoln RO, NEL 9/5/61, NEL 9/11/17]

Simpson, Arthur, 11 Russell Ct, Covent Gdn, London (1808– 09). [D]

Simpson, Benjamin, 96 High Holborn, London, cm (1786–d.1815). From 1794 the business was conducted in partnership with Michael Houghton. Simpson died on 5 January 1815. [D; Heal; Gents Mag., January 1815]

Simpson, Carrington, 4 Canterbury Pl., Lambeth, London, cm and u (1839). [D]

Simpson, Daniel, Tavern St, Ipswich, Suffolk, cm (1805–08). [D]

Simpson, David, Hull, Yorks., cm (1803–14). At Manor St in 1803 but by 1814 at 6 Market Pl. [D]

Simpson, David, Flowergate, Whitby, Yorks., cm (1823). [D]

Simpson, Edward, Cambridge, joiner (1686–90). Payments made to Simpson by Christ's College, 1686–90. Most of these were for general joinery work but in 1690 paid for making forms for the Chapel.

Simpson, Frederick, Townfield Gate, Keighley, Yorks., joiner/cm (1837). [D]

Simpson, George, St Paul's Churchyard, see George Simson.

Simpson, George, Hull, Yorks., cm and joiner (1803–38). At Witham in 1803, 4 Simpson's Ct, North St or 4 North St, Prospect St, probably the same address, 1810–35. The address in 1838 was 32 North St. Subscribed to Sheraton's Cabinet Dictionary, 1803. [D]

Simpson, Israel, 19 Frederick Pl., Goswell St Rd, Clerkenwell, London, cm (1819). In 1819 took an app. for child bed linen making. [Westminster Ref. Lib., MS B 1268, entry 239].

Simpson, James, Woodbridge, Suffolk, u (1751–52). Married on 19 October 1751. [Suffolk RO, FAA: 50/2/89–93] Probably:

Simpson, James, Ipswich, Suffolk, upholder (1758). In 1758 took app. named Hayward. [S of G, app. index]

Simpson, James, Southampton, Hants., cm (d.1794). Died intestate 1794. [Hants. RO, letters of administration]

Simpson, James, 11 Hope St, Leeds, Yorks., cm (1822). [D]

Simpson, John, York, u (1715). His son John admitted freeman in 1715. [York freemen rolls]

Simpson, John, near the Hermitage Bridge in Lower East Smithfield, London, chairmaker (1778). Took out insurance cover of £200, half of which was for utensils and stock. [GL, Sun MS vol. 262, p. 376]

Simpson, John, Woolpack Yd, Halifax, Yorks., cm and joiner (1830). [D]

Simpson, John, Ackworth, Yorks., joiner/cm (1837). [D]

Simpson, Jonathan, St Martin's Fields, Chester, cm (1840). [D]

Simpson, Joseph, Broad St, Westminster, London, cm (1784). [Poll bk]

Simpson, M., 16 Chorlton St, Fitzroy Sq., London, cm and u (1839). [D]

Simpson, Martin, East Parade, Colne, Lancs., joiner and cm (1824). [D]

Simpson, Michael, ‘The Royal Tent’, on the Bridge, Leeds, Yorks., upholder, appraiser and undertaker (1762–70). App. to Alderman Farrer of York and then moved to London. By January 1762 he had returned from London and set up in business in Leeds. He opened a shop at the sign of ‘The Royal Tent’ on the Bridge in Leeds to ‘serve all Persons with Bedsteads, Feather Beds, Mattresses and Bedding; Silk and Worsted Damasks, Furniture Stuffs, Cottons, Linens and Checks; Carpets, Matting and Matts of all Sorts’. He also dealt in other household goods and furniture and kept ‘a great Variety of Paper Hangings, Chimney-Boards, Ornaments for Halls, Staircases, Ceilings etc., and will hang and furnish the same in the Genteelest Taste’. His invoice dated 18 November 1770 exists for materials, hangings, wallpaper and bedding supplied to Temple Newsam House. His trade card [Leeds Local Hist. Lib.] has a fine Rococo surround which is identical except for the trade sign, to that of John Potts an upholder who traded at Toddington, Beds. and London, 1761–1800. [Leeds Intelligencer, 26 January 1762; Leeds archives dept, TN EA 12/5]

Simpson, Richard, Sunderland, Co. Durham, joiner and cm (1786–98). In December 1786 advertised that he had entered into a partnership with John Penrith jnr, son of the late John Penrith snr with the intention of taking over the business of the latter. They used the shop formerly occupied by John Penrith snr to carry on their trade of cm and house carpenter. The partnership was still trading in 1798. [D; Newcastle Courant, 9 December 1786]

Simpson, Richard, Bristol, cm (1793). Subscribed to Sheraton's Drawing Book, 1793.

Simpson, Samuel, London, upholder (1725–81). Son of William Simpson of Stow, Lincs, farmer. App. to William Tyte on 2 March 1725 and free of the Upholders’ Co. by servitude, 9 March 1732/33. Took as app. Lewis Ducroy, 1741–50. From 1778–81 living in Kensington. [GL, Upholders’ Co. records]

Simpson, Thomas, London, cm (1768). Freeman of Colchester, Essex. [Colchester poll bk]

Simpson, Thomas, Leeds, Yorks., cm (1774). [Poll bk]

Simpson, Thomas, London, cm (1808–39). At Swan Pl., Crown St, Finsbury, 1808–17 but by 1820 had moved to 1 Clifton St, Finsbury. He took out insurance cover of £550 on this address in May 1823 and of this £380 was for utensils and stock. He also insured in November 1823 a house in tenure at 20 Union St, Spitalfields for £500. [D; GL, Sun MS vol. 495, ref. 1003979; vol. 494, ref. 1010443; vol. 495, ref. 1019125]

Simpson, Thomas, Tadcaster, Yorks., cm (1818–22). At Bridge St in 1818 and High St in 1822. [D]

Simpson, Thomas, Boston, Lincs., cm, u and chairmaker (1819–40). Born in 1797. At High St, 1819–22; York St in 1826 but by 1835 had moved to Market Pl. The stamp ‘T. SIMPSON BOSTON’ has been recorded on the seat edge of a Windsor chair. [D; Furn. Hist., 1978]

Simpson, Thomas, St Nicholas St, Lancaster, chair and bedstead maker (1825–34). [D]

Simpson, Thomas James, 20 Wilson St, Finsbury, London, cm and u (1835–39). [D]

Simpson, Thomas, Chamber's Entry, High St, Hull, Yorks., cm (1838–40). [D]

Simpson, Wharton, 58 Fleece Yd, Leeds, Yorks., cm (1837). [D]

Simpson, William, address unknown, u (1707). On 3 July 1707 he was paid for ‘hanging Roomes & Collcuring the chaires’ for William Bowes. [Durham RO, Strathmore MS, D/St/V606]

Simpson, William, York and Wakefield, Yorks., carver and gilder (1752–74). Son of William Simpson, carpenter. His father was already dead when on 1 November 1752 he was app. to Charles Mitley of York, carver, gilder and mason. Free of York but by 1774 was living at Wakefield. [York app. bk and poll bk]

Simpson, William, 7 Union St, Oxford St, London, cm (1776– 1826). In 1776 insured his house for £100. A directory of 1826 shows a cm of this name at 49 Union St. [D; GL, Sun MS vol. 244, p. 587]

Simpson, William, London, cm (1793). Subscribed to Sheraton's Drawing Book, 1793.

Simpson, William, Scarborough, Yorks., cm (1798–1840). At St Helens Sq., 1828–30, no. 3 in 1840. Recorded also as an u in 1828. The long period of trading might suggest that the business was taken over by a son of the same name. [D]

Simpson, William, London, cm and u (1794–1839). Successor to Alexander Simpson and he traded from his address at 4 New Bond St, 1794–1820. In 1820 took a partner called Giblett and the business is referred to as Simpson & Giblett or Simpson & Co. In 1821 moved to 37 Argyle St which they were to occupy until 1825. A further partner joined the firm in 1823 and from this date it is recorded as Simpson, Giblett & Atkins. In 1825 another move was made, this time to 6 Argyle Pl., Regent St. Simpson may have withdrawn from the business in 1826 but Giblett & Atkins were still at 6 Argyle Pl. in 1829. William Simpson appears to have continued to trade and was at 31 Chipstone St, Fitzroy Sq., 1826–27 and 39 Upper John St, Fitzroy Sq., 1835–39. William Simpson was included in the list of master cabinet makers in Sheraton's Cabinet Dictionary, 1803. The business was conducted on an extensive scale and in July 1810 insurance cover came to £4,100. Utensils and stock at this date were valued at £800. [D; GL, Sun MS vol. 453, ref. 846709]

Simpson, William, Castle Hill, Lincoln, chairmaker (1819). [D]

Simpson, William, Back Lane, Sleaford, Lincs., joiner, builder and cm (1826). [D]

Simpson, William, Church St, Reading, Berks., carver and gilder (1826). [Poll bk]

Simpson, William, High St, Burton-on-Trent, Staffs., turner and chairmaker (1834). Also listed as turner/cm in that year. [D]

Simpson, William, 1 Mount Ct, 14 Hanley St, Liverpool, chairmaker (1839). The business was also known as Simpson & Duke. [D]

Simpson & Co., 124 Wardour St, Soho, London, carvers and gilders (1820). [D]

Simpson, Offord & Co., 410 Oxford St, London, u (1837). [D]

Sims, David, Watford, Herts., cm (1832). [D]

Sims, George, Thomas St, Bristol, cm (1793–1801). [D]

Sims, James, 2 Ellis St, Chelsea, London, cm and u (1823). [D]

Sims, Richard Littleworth, 33 London St, Reading, Berks., carver and gilder (1826–37). [D; poll bks]

Sims, Robert, 36 Compton St, Clerkenwell, London, lookingglass manufacturer (1839). [D]

Simson, Francis, 12 Globe St, Wapping, London, u, auctioneer etc. (1809–16). Recorded in 1809 as a carpenter and ship's joiner and in 1811 as a dealer in mahogany and deals. [D]

Simson (or Simpson), George, 19 St Paul's Churchyard, London, upholder, cm and undertaker (1780–1839). Son of John Simpson (sic) of Chatham, Kent, surgeon and apothecary. App. to Noah Chivers of London on 2 December 1772 and free of the Upholders’ Co. by servitude in February 1780. By 1787 had established his own business at the St Paul's Churchyard address at which he was to continue to trade until 1839. The long length of trading might suggest that he was assisted by a son, possibly of the same name, and for the period 1837–39 some directories do list ‘Simpson & Son’. In 1793 he subscribed to Sheraton's Drawing Book and in 1803 was included in the list of master cabinet makers in the Cabinet Dictionary. The business was of substantial size and in June 1792 insurance cover of £1,700 was taken out on utensils and stock. The total insurance cover came to £2,700 and the premises in St Paul's Churchyard were described as consisting of no fewer than seven properties adjoining no. 19. A house at Peckham was also included in the property covered. Insurance was to remain high reaching £6,000 for stock and utensils alone in October 1808. By August 1822 the total was £10,000 which included £8,200 for stock and utensils, a small quantity of which were kept in a stable building in Little Carter Lane. Earlier, in January of that year, insurance of £1,600 had been taken on 2 Prospect Pl., Chelsea which may have been Simson's dwelling house.

Of Simson's customers little is known. Payments were made to him by the 2nd Viscount Palmerston possibly in connection with Broadlands, Hants. A bill dated 13 February 1809 for £324 16s 10¼d for upholstery goods supplied by Simson is in the accounts for Gorhambury House, Herts. Much of his furniture is, however, known from pieces marked with his trade label. The furniture so marked appears to be in the styles of the last two decades of the 18th century and the early to mid Regency and it is possible that this practice was discontinued in the later years of trading. In its place furniture was marked with a stamp reading ‘GEORGE SIMPSON UPHOLDER CABINET MAKER & UNDERTAKER, LONDON’. This stamp has been recorded on a rosewood writing desk dating from the 1830s. The quality of the furniture bearing Simson's label is generally high. On the plainer pieces fine figured mahogany and other timbers such as satinwood and sabicu were used. Marquetry and painted decoration was featured on pieces of late 18th-century date such as a table with Neoclassical decoration including a fine central roundel featuring Venus and Cupid. A labelled Pembroke table with a shaped top is veneered with sycamore and has an inlaid central patera. A pair of Regency calamander and rosewood card tables are embelished with ormolu and brass inlay was used on a mahogany cabinet in the Egyptian taste. A bookcase in the Egyptian style has also been noted. Chests of drawers with Simson's labels are either bow or serpentine fronted and fitted with slides. Items that have been noted with his label range in size from wardrobes and sideboards to a cutlery box and an inlaid two division tea caddy. A fine inlaid secretaire cabinet of c.1800 has close resemblances to the style of work used on cabinets sold by Weeks's Museum, Titchborne St (Figs 22– 23). It is therefore probable that these fine fitted pieces of furniture supplied through the business of Thomas Weeks were made in Simson's workshops. [D; Heal; GL, Upholders’ Co. records; Sun MS vol. 388, p. 81; vol. 444, ref. 821734; vol. 487, ref. 978846; vol. 489, ref. 987506, ref. 995571; Herts. RO, Gorhambury account bks, XI 81; Antique Collecting, September 1979; Antique Collector, March-April 1946, p. 58; C. Life, 10 June 1939, p. lxviii, 10 April 1975, supplement p. 48; 29 January 1981, p. 290; Conn., vol. 104, p. 160, November 1969, p. cxxxviii; V&A archives; Anderson Galleries, NY, 8 December 1921, lot 333; Christie's, 26 January 1984, lot 133; Phillips’, 18 May 1976, lot 189; Sotheby's, 26 March 1965, lot 114] B.A.

Simson, John, 17 Hermitage St, London, carpenter, joiner and cm (1784). In 1784 took out insurance cover of £1,300 of which £700 was for workshop, utensils and stock. [GL, Sun MS vol. 322, p. 25]

Simson, S., address unknown (1782). Supplier of two fire screens to Lord Monson. The entry in the accounts is dated 1 May 1782 and the amount charged was £1 16s. [Lincoln RO, Monson 10/1/A/6]

Sinclair, Edward, Liverpool, cm (1760). App. to James Barton and in 1760 petitioned for his freedom. [Freemen's committee bk]

Sinclair, Samuel, ‘Red Cow’, Exeter, Devon, cm (1832). Son Thomas bapt. at St Sidwell's Church on 8 February 1832. [PR (bapt.)]

Sinclair, William, Plymouth, Devon, cm (1757). In 1757 took app. named Moyle. [S of G, app. index]

Sindrey, William, 21 Finch Lane, Cornhill, London, u and cm (1820). Took out insurance cover of £500 on 24 August 1820. Of this £440 was for utensils and stock. [GL, Sun MS vol. 487, ref. 970734]

Single, Philip, 17 Fleet St, Liverpool, cm (1839). [D]

Singleton, James, St Anne's St, Manchester, cm and u (1829– 40). At 4 St Anne's St, 1829–33, but from 1836–40 at 10 and 12. [D]

Singleton, Jane, Briggate, Leeds, Yorks., working u (1834–37). Recorded at Yard 130 in 1834 and Court 131 in 1837. [D] See Martha Singleton.

Singleton, John, Lancaster, u (1760–84). App. to J. Roberts in 1760 and free, 1767–68. [App. reg.; poll bk]

Singleton, John, Mill Hill, Leeds, Yorks., upholder (1798). [D]

Singleton, Martha, 6 Liddle's Yd, 131 Briggate, Leeds, Yorks., working u (1830). [D] See Jane Singleton.

Singleton, Richard, 4 Clare Ct, Clare Mkt, London, picture dealer and cm (1773). Sale by auction of his household furniture and stock in trade was announced, Daily Advertiser, 29 April 1773.

Singleton, Richard, 45 Bartlett's Buildings, Holborn, London, cm, upholder and auctioneer (1778–87). In 1778 insured his utensils, stock and goods for £250 out of a total insurance cover of £400. In July 1787 his utensils, stock and goods were insured for £500. [GL, Sun MS vol. 265, p. 561; vol. 346, p. 325]

Singleton, Thomas, Bury St Edmunds, Suffolk, carver (b.1715–d.1792). Son of Robert Singleton of Bury St Edmunds, a noted sculptor. Worked at Barking Hall, Suffolk (1753) the Town Hall, Bury St Edmunds (1775) and the Mansion House, Bury St Edmunds (1789). In 1753 took app. named Termyn. Details of his work as a sculptor are to be found in Gunnis. [S of G, app. index]

Singleton, Thomas, Preston, Lancs., master cm (1799). Assented to the Preston Cabinet Makers and Chair Makers Book of Prices on the behalf of his fellow masters.

Singleton, Thomas, Wicker, Sheffield, cm, u and paper hanger (1822–25). At 80 Wicker in 1822 and at 84 in 1825. [D]

Singleton, Thomas, Park-Stile Lane, Kettering, Northants., cm and u (1830). [D]

Singleton, Thomas, Ipswich, Suffolk, cm (1813–39). Married on 5 April 1813 and trading at Brook St, 1835–39. [Suffolk RO, FAA: 50/2/116, pp. 108–09; poll bks]

Singleton, William, High St, Kettering, Northants., cm (1823). [D]

Singleton & Son, near the Market Pl., Sleaford, Lincs., joiners, builders and cm (1826). [D]

Simkenson, Henry, Cambridge and London, cm (1835–40). In 1835 a child was bapt. Parish of St Clement, Cambridge. By 1847 living at Hyde Park Corner, London. [Cambs. RO, P27/1/5; Cambridge poll bk]

Sinnock, Henry, Margate, Kent, cm (1832–39). In 1832 at Cranbourn Alley and in 1839 at 6 Fort Cresc. [D]

Sircom, John, Alfred Pl., Bristol, cm (1795). [D]

Sircom, Richard, Old Market, Bristol, looking-glass manufacturer (1792–d.1807). Death reported, Gents Mag., February 1807. [D]

Sissons, —, Ringshall, Suffolk, chairmaker (c.1800). A chair has been recorded bearing a paper label ‘SISSONS/RINGSHALL/3/9’. The chair appears to be of provincial manufacture and in style is of the late 18th century. [V&A archives]

Sitch, Samuel, 17 Oxford St, London, carver and gilder (1839). [D]

Sivill, —, Chiswell St, fronting the Artillery Gate, London, upholder (1725–31). [Heal]

Skardon, James, Exeter, Devon, cm (1830). In January 1830 was wounded, possibly fatally, when a firearm in his pocket was accidentally discharged. [Exeter Flying Post, 14 January 1830]

Skardon, James, Bedford St, Plymouth, Devon, cm and u (1830). [D]

Skardon, Joseph, Plymouth, Devon, cm, u and broker (1823– 38). At 22 Broad St in 1823 and 28 Bilbury St, 1830–38. Also recorded as Isaac & Skardon. [D]

Skardon, Louisa, Exeter, Devon, u (1830–34). At 128 Fore St Hill, 1830–31 and 35 New Bridge St, 1832–34. [D]

Skardon, W. N., parish of Allhallows, Exeter, Devon, cm (1832). [Poll bk]

Skeat, Henry, The Exchange, Chester, cm (1778–82). Free on 10 June 1778. Took as app. William Skeldon in 1779. [D; freemen rolls; app. bk]

Skeat, Henry, Liverpool, cm and victualler (1787–96). At Cable St in 1787, 64 Peter St in 1790 and 59 Peter St in 1796. [D]

Skeate, William, South Park St, Westminster, London, carver (1774). [Poll bk]

Skeats, Highmore, Salisbury, Wilts., cm (1760–61). In 1760 took app. named Ecton and in 1761, Skeats. [S of G, app. index]

Skeeles, George, Crown St, St Ives, Hunts., u and appraiser (1830–39). [D]

Skeer, Thomas, 7 Willmott St, Gartside St, Manchester, carver and gilder (1840). [D]

Skegg, Edward, 7 John St, Curtain Rd, London, sofa and chair maker (1839). [D]

Skelborne, Peter, Stockport, Cheshire, cm (1752). In 1752 took app. named Clayton. [S of G, app. index]

Skeleton, Joshua, Copperas Hill, Liverpool, carver (1790). [D]

Skelhorn, Eleanor, 26 City Rd, London, chair and sofa manufacturer (1829–35). [D] Successor and possibly widow of:

Skelhorn, John, London, dyed and japanned chairmaker (1808–20). At 111 Goswell St in 1808, but from the following year at 26 City Rd, Finsbury. [D]

Skelhorn, Peter, address unknown, cm (1785). On 5 November 1785 paid £4 10s for twelve rush bottomed chairs supplied to Dunham Massey, Cheshire. [John Rylands Lib., Manchester Univ., George Cooke's accounts]

Skellicorn, Robert, Parker St, Liverpool, cm (1803). Free on 4 August 1803. [Freemen reg.]

Skellington, William, Arnold, Notts., joiner and cm (1832). [D]

Skelton, Arthur, London, upholder (1717–24). Son of Samuel Skelton of Poulner, York, Gent. App. to Remey George on 20 September 1717 and free of the Upholders’ Co. by servitude, 4 November 1724. [GL, Upholders’ Co. records]

Skelton, Elizabeth, 26 Coppergate, York, u (1830–37). [D]

Skelton, Humphrey, London, u (1698–1734). Free of the Upholders’ Co., 1698. At Haymarket from 1709–23, Strand in 1727 and Exeter St, Strand in 1734. In August 1723 a fire broke out at the Haymarket premises ‘caused by an experiment which was being carried on to smother bugs’. A Commission of Bankruptcy against him was reported in 1727 but he was still trading in 1734 in which year he was elected Beadle of the Upholders’ Co. His portrait after H. Hussing and engraved by J. Faber was first published in 1728. Up to the date of his bankruptcy in 1727 he held three small copyhold farms in the manor of Woodham Walter and Ingatestone in Essex. He worked at Dyrham Park, Glos. and in July 1702 charged for a man sent to put up gilt leather. A gilt leather covered couch was also sent to Dyrham by Skelton. His name also appears in the Monson archives. A payment of £4 10s was made on 15 March 1705 and is listed in the Honble Wrey and Lady Mary Saunderson's house book. [Heal; V&A archives; Lincoln RO, Monson 10/1/A/16; GL, Upholders’ Co. records]

Skelton, John, Albion St, York, upholder (1823). [D]

Skelton, Joseph, Villers St, Westminster, London, cm (1749). [Poll bk]

Skelton, Joseph, Holborn, London, cm (1790). Freeman of Lincoln. [Lincoln poll bk]

Skelton, Joseph, Halifax, Yorks., cm (1816–30). At Lord St in 1816 and Lister Lane, 1828–30. [D]

Skelton, Samuel, London, upholder (1719–40). Son of John Skelton, clockmaker, late of London. App. to William Scrimshire, upholder, and Timothy Fortune, a member of the Merchant Tailors’ Co., on 13 January 1719. Free of the Upholders’ Co. by servitude, 31 May 1733. Took as app. Benjamin Browne 1733–40. [GL, Upholders’ Co. records]

Skelton, Thomas, Haymarket, London, upholder (1722). Bankruptcy announced, London Gazette, 12–15 May 1722.

Skelton, Thomas, Five Fields, Chelsea, London, picture frame maker (1784). [Westminster poll bk]

Skelton, Thomas, 17 Grape Lane, York, cm and u (1830–37). [D]

Skelton, Thomas, Hinderwell, Yorks., joiner/cm/cartwright (1834). [D]

Skerratt (or Skerritt), Samuel, Manchester, cm and u (1818–29). Listed as Skerratt at 59 London Rd in 1818 and as Skerritt at 16 Charlotte St, 1829. [D]

Skerret, George, 30 Bedford St, Covent Gdn, London, upholder (1790–96). A Thomas Skerrett is also shown trading at this address during this period. [Heal]

Skerrett, Joseph snr, Nantwich, Cheshire, u (1742–d.1756). Six sons and three daughters bapt. between 1742–56. Several of the children died in infancy and the eldest surviving son, Joseph jnr, bapt. 1 May 1745, was to follow his father in the same trade in Nantwich. Joseph Skerrett snr took app. named Liversage in 1754, but died two years later, his burial being on 21 June 1756. [PR (bapt. and burial); S of G, app. index]

Sherrett, Joseph jnr, Nantwich, Cheshire, u and auctioneer (b. 1745–d.1832). Son of Joseph Sherrett snr of Nantwich and bapt. on 1 May 1745. Married on 14 June 1775 Margaret Caldwell. His father had died in 1756 when Joseph jnr was still a child, and who was responsible for his training is unclear. It is also unknown if his father's business in the town was maintained until he was of sufficient age to be responsible for it, or whether he set up afresh. He was certainly trading as an u in 1777, and in that year insured his stock for £1,000 suggesting a business of substantial size. In 1780 he insured his house for £700. He regularly advertised auction sales between 1780–84 and had agents from whom catalogues could be obtained at Drayton, Eccleshall, Newport, Ternhill and Woore. In 1789 his address was given as High Town. After 1789 no references to this business have been located, but he was still living in the town at the time of his death on 18 January 1832. He was then aged 87 and had been living in Hospital St for a number of years. [D; GL, Sun MS vol. 261, p. 636; vol. 289, p. 8; PR (bapt. and marriage); Hall, History of Nantwich, p. 53; Chester Chronicle, 19 May 1780, 16 August 1782, 23 May 1784]

Skerrett, Joseph, Baker's St, Northwich, Cheshire, u and auctioneer (1789). Possibly a branch of the Nantwich business of Joseph Skerrett jnr. [D]

Skerrett, Richard, 18 New St, Covent Gdn, London, upholder (1781). In 1781 insured his house for £100. [GL, Sun MS vol. 294, p. 522]

Skerrett, Samuel, Nottingham, cm (1797). [Freemen rolls]

Skerrett, Thomas, Bedford St, Covent Gdn, London, u (1749– d.1789). In 1758 took as app. John Skerrett. The number in Bedford St is recorded as 30 from 1782. His death was recorded in January 1789, but despite this entries continue regularly in London directories until 1799 suggesting that the business was still trading. In 1782 supplied furniture to Charles Towneley of Towneley Hall, Burnley, Lancs., and on 10 June of that year £60 was paid on account. Heal records a George Skerret at the Bedford St address, 1790–96. [D; Westminster poll bk; S of G, app. index; Gents Mag., January 1789; Charles Towneley's account bk in private ownership]

Skerrit, Robert, Manchester and Salford, Lancs., cm (1797–1808). At 159 Long Mill Gate, Manchester in 1797 but moved to 194 Chapel St, Salford where he traded 1804– 08. In 1804 listed as a ‘Furniture & Cabinet warehouseman’. [D]

Skerritt, Horatio, Old Church Yd, Manchester, cm (1834–39). In 1838–39 also a patent mangle maker. [D]

Skerritt, Samuel, Manchester, cm, u and auctioneer (1803–29). Freeman of Nottingham but living in Manchester by 1803. At 12 Timber St in 1813, 59 London Rd in 1818 and 16 Charlotte St, 1828–29. [D; Nottingham poll bks]

Sketchley, Power, Atherstone, Warks., cm (1822). [D]

Skidmore, Sedgley, Staffs., carpenter/cm (1838). [D]

Skidmore, Thomas, Birmingham, cm, u and broker (1816–35). Listed at Bromsgrove St in 1816; Horsefair, 1822–30, no. 42 in 1828; and 55 Edgbaston St in 1835. [D]

Skilbeck, G., address unknown, cm (1784). Supplied two inlaid mahogany tables for Dunham Massey, Cheshire in 1784 and was paid £4 4s for these on 29 October of that year. [John Rylands Lib., Manchester Univ., George Cooke's accounts]

Skilito, Daniel, Wakefield, Yorks., carver (1761). In 1761 took app. named Barkham. [S of G, app. index]

Skillicorn, John, Liverpool, carver and gilder (1818–26). Son of Robert Skillicorn, shipwright. Free on 11 June 1818. At this date he was living at Lisborn Pl., Nash Grove but by 1821 was trading at 11 Silver St, moving to 4 Marshall St by 1823 and 5 Thomas Ct, Milton St the following year. Took as apps Daniel Large Dilworth and George Mathew Porteous in 1823 and Joseph Dugdale in 1826. [D; freemen reg.; app. bk]

Skillicorn, Robert, Liverpool, cm (1795–1810). App. in 1795 to Edward Charles and petitioned freedom in 1803. Trading at 57 Stanley St in 1805 as a cm and household broker, and at 16 Prices St in 1807 as a cm and victualler. In 1810 at 14 Liver St. [D; freemen's committee bk]

Skilton, George, Castle St, Salisbury, Wilts., cm and u (1822). [D]

Skinner, Catherine, Boutport St, Barnstaple, Devon, u (1838). [D]

Skinner, David, Newington Causeway, London, cm (1808–10). At 42 Newton Causeway in 1808 but in the year following stated to be at 43. Bankruptcy announced, London Gazette, 24 March 1810. [D]

Skinner, Harry, London, upholder (1726–33). Son of Richard Skinner of Pixley, Herts., Gent. App. to Robert Webb on 3 August 1726 and then to Thomas Dobyns 13 September 1732. Free of the Upholders’ Co. by servitude, 3 October 1733. [GL, Upholders’ Co. records]

Skinner, James, Southampton, Hants., cm and auctioneer (1783–84). [D]

Skinner, John, 20 King St, Lambeth, London, cm (1808). [D]

Skinner, John, Market Pl., Witney, Oxon., cm and u (1830). [D]

Skinner, Joseph, 240 Whitechapel Rd, London, cm and u (1839). [D]

Skinner, Joshua, High St, Southampton, Hants., cm (1798–1808). [D]

Skinner, Nathaniel, ‘The Black Lyon’, south side of St Paul's Churchyard, London, cm (1754–62). His trade card indicates that he made and sold ‘all sorts of Cain Rush & CoverdChairs, and Bed-Chairs & Tables, with all Sorts of Cabinetwork, & Painted-Window-Blinds, all sorts of Looking-Glasses, Wholesale or Retaile’. Heal dates this card to c.1730 but no documentary evidence of this maker is known before 1754. He was a member of the Drapers’ Co., and from 1754–61 regularly took out licences to employ non-freemen. The number in the early years was only two, and these were licenced for part of the year only in most years. By 1760 however, the number had risen to three employed throughout the year, and in the following year five who were licenced for three months, and then a further three licenced for three months. On 29 June 1762 Archdeacon Yardley on behalf of the SPCK paid Skinner £1 18s for a mahogany elbow chair for the Common Room. [Heal; GL, City Licence bks, vols 1 and 2; SPCK cash bk FT9/7]

Skinner, Richard, Fore St, Tiverton, Devon, cm and u (1823– 28). In March 1824 it was reported that he had been robbed of a pocket book containing £40 in notes, a fellow passenger being responsible. Declared bankrupt in January 1827, but in January of the following year it was reported that the bankruptcy proceedings against him had been suspended. [D; Exeter Flying Post, 4 March 1824, 24 January 1828; London Gazette, 23 January 1827]

Skinner, Thomas, Tower St, Bristol, chairmaker (1793). [D]

Skinner, Thomas, Nottingham, carver, gilder and victualler (1793–d. 1794). Will proved on 26 May 1794. [Notts. RO, probate records]

Skinner, William, Grimsby, Lincs., joiner, cm and u (1831–40). In 1831–35 at South St, Mary's Gate but by 1841 had moved to Bethlem St. [D]

Skinnor, David, Husband St, Westminster, London, cm (1784). [Poll bk]

Skipper, Abraham, London, u and cm (1814–37). Shown at 19 Broker Row in 1814, but in 1821 the number was given as 15. Also occupied 13 and 14 Eldon St from 1815, and was solely at this address in 1826. [D]

Skipsey & Rutherford (or Skipley & Rutterford), Church Rd (or Way), North Shields, Northumb., cm (1827–34). Listed at 23 Church Way in 1834. [D]

Skull, Charles, High Wycombe, Bucks., chairmaker and japanner (1813–40). Two sons and a daughter bapt., 1813– 19. Trading at Temple Pl., 1823–30, in 1823 as u, cm and chairmaker and in 1830 as cm and u. [D; PR (bapt.)]

Skull, Edwin, High Wycombe, Bucks., chairmaker and japanner (b.c. 1811–41). Aged 30 at the tme of the 1841 Census.

Skull, John, High Wycombe, Bucks., chairmaker (b. c. 1806–41). Two sons and two daughters bapt., 1835–40. Aged 35 at the time of the 1841 Census. [PR (bapt.)]

Skull, Thomas, High Wycombe, Bucks., chairmaker (1816–37). Children bapt., 1816–37. [PR (bapt.)]

Skurr, John, Dalston, near Carlisle, Cumb., cm/joiner (1834). [D]

Skurr, William, Keswick, Cumb., joiner/cm (1828–29). [D]

Skurray, John, London, u (1731–49). On 24 April 1731 married Mary Wickes, the sister of the Royal goldsmith George Wickes (1698–1761). Subsequently lived in Gerrard St, Soho and had a son and two daughters. In 1749 living at Prince's St, St James's. [Barr, George Wickes, Royal Goldsmith, p. 31; Heal]

Skurray, William, Northgate, Wakefield, Yorks., cm (1784–94). In September 1794 the sale of his stocks of timber, workshop and warehouse was announced. [D; Leeds Intelligencer, 22 September 1794]

Skynner, John, London, upholder (1707–34). Son of John Skynner of Wenham Magna, Suffolk, clerk. App. to Joseph Richardson and James Clark on 4 April 1707. Clark was a member of the Drapers’ Co. He was then transferred to Thomas Kelsall on 1 August 1710. Free of the Upholders’ Co. by servitude, 13 March 1733/34. [GL, Upholders’ Co. records]

Skynner, Thomas, Broad St, Hereford, cm(?) (1778). In June 1778 advertised a raffle for a curious piece of furniture which he claimed to have made. This was a ‘CABINET EAGLE, with 5 private drawers in its breast, one set with diamonds, topazes, rubies and other valuable stones. It stands between two book-cases upon a bureau, with a serpentine front.… The escutcheon on the breast of the Eagle is made to prevent any person from picking the lock, it being made by so peculiar a method, that no person can move it off the keyhole but the person shuts it up, even though they have seen it opened’. The piece of furniture was valued by Skynner at £63 and tickets were offered at £1 1s. The number of persons prepared to purchase tickets was perhaps not as great as anticipated as the period for sale had to be extended beyond 7 July on which date it was previously announced that the draw would take place. [Hereford Journal, 18 June 1778]

Slack, John, 4 Dale St, Oldham St, Manchester, carver and gilder (1840). [D]

Slack, Seth, Standishgate, Wigan, Lancs., cm (1822). [D]

Slade, Henry, Beaminster, Dorset, chairmaker (1779). In 1779 took out insurance cover of £200 which included £55 for utensils, stock and a workshop. [GL, Sun MS vol. 277, p. 74]

Sladen, William, 44 Cannon St Rd, London, cm and u (1822). [D]

Slader, R., near the Market Pl., Sidmouth, Devon (1813). In 1813 advertised for an app. Slader claimed to have had ‘a number of years’ experience in some of the principal shops in London’. [Exeter Flying Post, 19 December 1813]

Slader, Richard, Cheltenham, Glos., cm (1830–40). Recorded at 428 High St in 1830, also as an u, and at Montpellier Arcade in 1839. [D]

Slater, —, Budge Row, London, u (1748). [Heal]

Slater, Abraham, Maryport, Cumb., cm/ joiner (1834). [D]

Slater, Charles, Norwich, cm (1805). Son of William Slater, hotpresser; admitted freeman on 26 July 1805. [Freemen reg.]

Slater, Edward, 24 Upper Beau St, Liverpool, cm (1818). App. to William Smith and free 12 June 1818. A Richard Slater, cm was free on the same day. [Freemen reg.]

Slater, Edward, 22 Queen's Buildings, Knightsbridge, London, u etc. (1826–39). In 1835–39 shown also at 21 and 23 Queen's Buildings. [D]

Slater, Edward, 69 High Holborn, London, cm, u and bedstead maker (1827). [D]

Slater, Gilbert, 5 Carthusian St, London, cm etc. (1809). [D]

Slater, John, parish of St John the Baptist, London, u (d.1766). Will proved on 26 July 1766. Appears to have been reasonably affluent at the time of his death. [Probate records]

Slater, John, Liverpool, cm and joiner (1769–1810). At 8 Water St, 1769–84, but then moved to Dawson St, Whitechapel, where he was listed at no. 8 in 1790, 10 in 1796 and 3, 1800– 05. He was also recorded at 8 Seel St, Hanover St in 1804, no. 10 in 1805 and from 1807–10 at no. 12. John Slater was already dead by September 1818 when the death of his son William, also a joiner and cm, was announced, Liverpool Mercury, 25 September 1818. [D] See Slater & Dutton.

Slater, John, parish of St Martin at Palace, Norwich, cm (1806– 18). [Poll bks]

Slater, John, Yorkshire St, Burnley, Lancs., chairmaker and turner (1816–18). [D]

Slater, John, Bridge St, Bishop's Stortford, Herts., cm and u (1832–39). Listed as u and auctioneer in 1838. [D]

Slater, Joseph, 11 Well St, Manchester, chair bottomer (1797). [D]

Slater, Jos., 9 Northumberland Pl., Commercial Rd, London, u (1826). [D]

Slater, Luke, Church St, Blackburn, Lancs., chairmaker (1816– 34). Shown at 40 Church St in 1816 but soon afterwards the number was changed to 44. [D]

Slater, Richard, Lancaster, cm (b.1750–d. 1833). App. to R. Thorney in 1765. Named in the Gillow records, 1785, 1787– 1807, 1809, 1811, 1825 and 1827. A sofa in a private collection stamped ‘GILLOWS LANCASTER’ has elsewhere on the frame in pencil ‘Rich^d Slater Aprill 1824’. At the time of his death in October 1833 aged 83 it was said that he had formerly been an employee of Gillows ‘where he worked at one bench upward of 50 years’. [App. reg.; Westminster Ref. Lib., Gillow; Liverpool Mercury, 25 October 1833]

Slater, Richard, Liverpool, cm (1818). Free 12 June 1818. An Edward Slater, cm, was free on the same day. [Freemen reg.]

Slater, Robert, Woodcocks Yd, Preston, Lancs., cm (1818–40). At Woodcock's Yd in 1818 and still in Preston in 1822. In that year he was stated to be the son of Henry Slater, deceased. By 1842 he was living in Manchester. [D; freemen rolls]

Slater, Robert, Talbot St, Derby, cm (1829). [D]

Slater, Samuel, Blackburn, Lancs., chairmaker (1798). [D]

Slater, William, Lancaster, cm (1795–96). Free 1795–96 when stated ‘of Hurst Green’. [Freemen rolls]

Slater, William, Lancaster, cm (1817–18). [Freemen rolls]

Slater, William, 10 Seel St, Liverpool, cm and joiner (1805–d.1818). Son of John Slater and probably in 1805 trading in partnership with his father. Died on 13 September 1818 [D; Liverpool Mercury, 25 September 1818] See Slater & Dutton.

Slater, William, Cirencester, Glos., cm (1827). Child bapt. in 1827. [PR (bapt.)]

Slater, William, Knowles Ct, Kensington, Liverpool, cm (1829). [D]

Slater & Co., 40 Oxford St, London, u (1825). [D]

Slater & Dutton, Seel St, Liverpool, cm (1803–14). At 9 Seel St in 1803 and 12/13 in 1805–14. John Slater and his son William were trading from addresses at 8, 10 and 12 Seel St at various dates from 1804–10, and were without doubt involved in this partnership.

Slatter, Gabriel, London and Magdalene Bridge, St Clements, Oxford, cm (1779–d.1780). Gabriel Slatter described himself as a cm ‘from London’, and in 1779 was in partnership with a William Slatter at 191 High Holborn. In October 1779 announced that he had taken over the shop formerly occupied by the late Mr James (George James). He must have died soon afterwards, for probate on his will was granted on 1 April 1780. [Jackson's Oxford Journal, 2 October 1779; Bodleian Lib., index of wills]

Slatter, Thomas, Oxford, cm and joiner (1780). In Jackson's Oxford Journal, 8 April 1780 it was announced that Richard Rouse late of St Peter's-in-the-East had given up his business as a cm and joiner in favour of Thomas Slatter of Holywell, who had taken over the shop and yard opposite Longwall.

Slatter, William & Gabriel, 191 High Holborn, London, cm (1779). In 1779 took out insurance cover of £300 of which £80 was for stock and goods. [GL, Sun MS vol. 273, p. 98] See Gabriel Slatter.

Slaughter, Matthew, London, upholder (1705). Free of the Upholders’ Co., 1 August 1705. [GL, Upholders’ Co. records]

Slaughter, Richard, Princes Risborough, Bucks., chairmaker (1839). [D]

Slaughter, Thomas, Lower Holloway, London, bedstead maker (1809). [D]

Slaughter, Thomas M., London and Sandwich, Kent, cm (1831–37). Freeman of Sandwich and living in the town July 1837. In May 1831, however, he was living in London. [Sandwich poll bks]

Slawin, John, Black Bank, Leeds, Yorks., cm (1822). [D]

Sleat, Robert, New Canal, Salisbury, Wilts., carver and gilder (1839). [D]

Slee, —, area of Water Lane, Fleet St, London, portable desk maker. (1807). In August 1807 his premises were destroyed by a fire which started in an adjacent workshop. [Gents Mag., August 1807]

Slee, Benjamin, 24 Gt New St, Fetter Lane, London, cm and u (1839). [D]

Slee, Joseph, Washington St, Workington, Cumb., joiner/cm (1828–34). [D]

Sleeford, Richard, London, upholder (1698). Free of the Upholders’ Co., 29 October 1698. [GL, Upholders’ Co. records]

Slevan, John, Cockermouth, Cumb., cm/joiner (1834). [D]

Sliegh, Samuel snr, London, upholder (1743). Freeman and member of the Upholders’ Co. Father of Samuel Sliegh jnr. [GL, Upholders’ Co. records]

Sliegh, Samuel jnr, Gt Bartholomew Close, u and auctioneer (1743–d. by 1757). Son of Samuel Sliegh snr a member of the Upholders’ Co.; admitted freeman of the Co. by patrimony on 7 September 1743. He took as apps William Jole, 1740–50/51; Robert Tabor, 1747–54; and Samuel Martin in 1754. Samuel Sliegh jnr was dead by 1757 when the sale of his household goods and stock in trade was announced, Public Advertiser, 23 May. [GL, Upholders’ Co. records]

Slight & Robertson, 15 Ship St, Brighton, Sussex, cm and u (1826). [D]

Slinger, Thomas, Lancaster (1799–1800). Named in the Gillow records in 1800 in connection with the manufacture of a bookcase. [Westminster Ref. Lib., Gillow vol. 344/98, p. 1561]

Slinger, Thomas, Burton-in-Lonsdale, near Ingleton, Yorks., joiner and cm (1822). [D]

Slingsby, Thomas, Hull, Yorks., cm (1784). [Poll bk]

Slingsby, William, Hull, Yorks., cm (1834–39). At Witham in 1835 and 1839, but in 1838 shown at Church St, Wincolmlee and described as a joiner and beer house keeper. [D]

Sloan, John, 30 Standish St, Liverpool, cm (1839). [D]

Sloan, Robert, 19 Naylor St with a shop at 12 Hatton Gdn, Liverpool, joiner and cm (1835). [D]

Slocombe, Chas., High St, Shepton Mallet, Som., cm (1839). [D]

Slocombe, Thomas, ‘The Crossed Keys’, Bridgwater, Som., cm (1793–1801). In December 1801 took out insurance cover of £400 but of this only £90 was for utensils and stock. [D; GL, Sun MS vol. 43, ref. 726261] Probably:

Slocombe, Thomas, Bridgwater, Som., cm and u (1822–40). At Cornhill in 1822 and Fore St, 1830–40. [D]

Slocombe, Thomas, Ilfracombe, Devon, cm and u (1838). [D]

Sloman, Bartlett, 88 Wardour St, Soho, London, u and sofa and invalid chair manufacturer (1835). [D]

Sloman, Benjamin, 26 Ann's Ct, Dean St, Soho, London, chair and sofa maker (1839). Another Benjamin Sloman is recorded at 52 Old Compton St in the same year as a furniture broker. [D]

Sloman, Robert, Worcester St, Gloucester, chairmaker (1830). [D]

Sloman, Samuel, 45 Wardour St, Soho, London, cm and u (1839). [D]

Slurt, Nathaniel, address unknown, cm (1803). Subscribed to Sheraton's Cabinet Dictionary, 1803.

Sly, Bannister, London St, Greenwich, London, cm and u (1839). [D]

Sly, Joseph, 44 Church St, Little Minories, London, cm and broker (1802). In April 1802 took out insurance cover of £400. [GL, Sun MS vol. 423, ref. 730478]

Smagg, Peter, Frith St, Soho, London, cm (1730–44). Appears to have been associated with the business conducted by John Hodson in Frith St, probably a partner. He receipted a number of bills ‘for Hodson & self’. His name is found in connection with a payment of £52 16s made in 1730 in connection with Longford Castle, Wilts. On 2 November 1731 Sir John Dutton of Sherborne House, Glos. paid him £22 8s for fourteen painted chairs ‘for my Hall at y^e Lodge’, £1 15s for a mahogany basin stand for ‘y^e Bed Chamber’ and other sundries. [Heal; V&A archives; Glos. RO, D678 account bk]

Smailes, John, 5 Tanner St, Scarborough, Yorks., cm and u (1828–40). [D]

Smale, J., Tything, Worcester, carver and gilder (1837). [D]

Smale, James, 1 Ferry St, High St, Lambeth, London, carver and gilder (1826). [D]

Smale, James, Allhalland St, Bideford, Devon, carver, gilder etc. (1830). [D]

Small, James, Piccadilly, London, u (1782–95). Initially in partnership with Nicholas Phillipson. In 1785 the partners supplied Sir John Nelthorpe with six ‘yoke top stain'd chairs’ at 3s 6d each and two matching stools at 2s each. The account was receipted by William Arundale on behalf of the partners. By 1786 the partnership appears to have ended and both continued to trade on their own behalf. James Small occupied premises at 189 Piccadilly, 1788–93, but from this latter year the number changed to 190. In January 1791 took out insurance cover of £2,000 which included utensils and stock valued at £1,400. This seems to suggest that the business was of substantial proportions at this period. Subscribed to Sheraton's Drawing Book, 1793. A pair of satinwood shield back upholstered chairs which were on the market in 1966 were offered with the original invoice which shows that they were supplied to Robert Buxton on 19 July 1786 at a cost of £6 10s including packing and transport charges. [D; GL, Sun MS ref. 579017, 7 January 1791; Grosvenor House Antique's Fair, 1966, p. 89; Lincoln RO, NEL 9/7/19]

Small, John, Church St, Guisborough, Yorks., joiner and cm (1829–40). Probably successor to Thomas Small jnr, who was at this address in 1823. [D]

Small, L. & S., 8 Narrow Wine St, Bristol, working u (1834). The partners were probably Lydia and Samuel Small. [D]

Small, Lydia, Narrow Wine St, Bristol, u (1819–27). [D]

Small, Samuel, Bristol, fancy chairmaker (1814–23). At 79 Redcliff St, 1814–15, 31 Maryport St in 1816 and 5 Bridewell Lane, 1819–23. [D] See L. & S. Small.

Small, Thomas jnr, Church St, Guisborough, Yorks., joiner/ cm/u (1823). The John Small trading at this address from 1829–40 as a joiner and cm was probably his successor. [D]

Small, Thomas Bell, 158 Pilgrim St, with a house at Court 9, Bigg Mkt, Newcastle, wood turner and carver (1827–28). [D]

Small, Thomas, 18 King St, Covent Gdn, papier mâché manufacturer (1833–40). Successor to Henry Clay. In March 1833 the business was trading as Thomas Small & Son, ‘Manufacturer of Paper Tea Trays &c.’. The Earl of Surrey was in this month supplied with ‘Paper Tea Trays, Waiter, Knife Trays’ costing £15 18s. The firm claimed appointment to ‘her Majesty & the Royal Family’, and on 31 March 1840 supplied the Crown with a japanned circular table ‘Rich Gold & Flower Ornament’ at £15 5s, a japanned paper inkstand with inlay at £2 10s and a further ‘Paper Japan Inkstand Buhl’, at £2 2s [Windsor Royal Archives, account bks 1833– 41; Arundel Castle records, A2045]

Smallbone, John, London, bedstead maker (1829–39). At 28 Gt Titchfield St in 1829 when the business was merely listed as Smallbones. In 1839 at 23 Cumberland St, Tottenham Ct Rd. [D]

Smallbone, Thomas, Buckingham St, London, chairmaker (1794–95). Paid £15 5s 4d by Lord Howard of Audley End, Essex for making a set of ten hall seats. These were similar to a pattern seat collected from the studio of Biagio Rebecca and they were painted in accordance with his instructions. When completed they were taken to Rebecca's studio in Charlotte St for ‘ornamental painting’. The seats were for the Great Hall at Audley End. [Essex RO, D/DBy/A53/4]

Smalley, John, Northampton, upholder (1820–30). In 1820 living in Bearward St and from 1823–30 in Abington St. [D; poll bks]

Smallhorn, John, 9 Cleveland St, Fitzroy Sq., London, carver and gilder (1839). [D]

Smallman, Edward, Syllaton near Oswestry, Salop, joiner and chairmaker (1782). In November 1782 his death was announced at Syllaton. He was obviously a noted character locally and was known as Dick Spot. Apart from his skill at his own trade he was renowned as a ‘Jack of all Trades… Planetarian and Conjuror’. [Chester Chronicle, 15 November 1782]

Smallman, John, address unknown, cm and u (1771–72). Supplied considerable quantities of furniture to Downton Castle Herefs. for Richard Payne Knight 1771–72. Three invoices are known, the first dated 20 February 1771 was for £118 3s 7¾d and later on 22 August 1771 another was issued for £62 15s 1½d The third invoice dated 14 March 1772 for £50 14s 8d was issued in the names of John Smallman and Thomas Hugh. The five-page bill of 20 February 1771 was in the main for fabrics, papers and paperhanging but also included such items as eleven mahogany stools at 11s each and sixteen mahogany chairs for bedchambers supplied in canvas for 14s each. The August bill again listed many fabrics, papers and work undertaken but included a tent bedstead at £6, three mahogany basin stands at 15s each, a pair of mahogany five drawer chests at £7 and a commode chest of drawers at £9 9s. Furniture supplied in March 1772 included further fabrics and paper, several items of bedroom furniture but also a mahogany sideboard at £6 6s, a mahogany wine tub at £2 5s and fire screens and hall lanterns. [Herefs. RO, T74/413A]

Smallman, Joseph, New St, Hereford, cm and u (1830). [D]

Smallman, Robert, Maidstone, Kent, cm (1830–31). [Poll bks]

Smalls & Hipkiss, Birmingham, papier mâché manufacturers (early 19th century). Japanned papier mâché trays are recorded stamped with the name of this firm under a crown. [Conn., August 1967]

Smallwood, —, 29 Chancery Lane, London, cm (1803). Subscribed to Sheraton's Cabinet Dictionary, 1803 See John Smallwood.

Smallwood, Edward, Dale End, Birmingham, cm (1818). [D]

Smallwood, Henry, 3 Meeting House Ct, Drury Lane, London, upholder (1781). In 1781 insured a house for £100. [GL, Sun MS vol. 292, p. 408]

Smallwood, John, London, cm and u (1774–1802). From 1774 at 5 Greenfield St, Fieldgate, Whitechapel which was retained as a manufactory throughout the existence of the business. By 1792, however, an additional address at 40 King St, Covent Gdn was being used and the business was described as J. Smallwood & Co., upholsterers. His son, William, who was free of the Upholders’ Co. by redemption in 1797, may have been assisting him by this date. He also had another son, Joseph. By 1803 the business was listed as W. Smallwood & Co. and John may have been no longer active, although his name was included in the list of master cabinet makers in Sheraton's Cabinet Dictionary, 1803. A Smallwood also subscribed to this publication and was living at 29 Chancery Lane. This may have been John or either of his sons. After 1802 the Whitechapel premises passed first to William and then Joseph. The King St address does not appear in directories after 1799. [D]

Smallwood, Joseph, 2 Greenfield St, Fieldgate, Whitechapel, London (c.1808–39). Son of John Smallwood and ultimately his successor. In 1808 operating the business in partnership with William, his brother. It is likely, however, that he was in sole charge from the next year. In March 1809 insurance cover of £1,000 was taken out which included £200 for a workshop and warehouse to the rear of 2 Greenfield St, £300 for utensils and stock in them and £200 for utensils and stock in a yard. Stock levels had, however, fallen considerably by 1820 and then were only £200 out of a total insured value of £950 with similar figures for 1824. Upholsterers to the East India Co., 1820–37. [D; GL, Sun MS ref. 828222, 13 March 1809; vol. 452, ref. 848155; vol. 485, ref. 974155; vol. 497, ref. 1016111] See John and William Smallwood.

Smallwood, Thomas, New Meeting St, Birmingham, cm (1793–1800). At New Meeting St in 1793 and Dale End, 1800. Patronised by Matthew Boulton. [D; V&A archives]

Smallwood, Thomas, 3 Fazeley St, Birmingham, cabinet case maker (1835). [D]

Smallwood, Thomas, Macclesfield, Cheshire (b.1792–1816). Born at Macclesfield and married in 1815. Trading at Park Green in 1816. Moved to Boston, Mass., USA soon after this date and established himself there in business as a cm and u. [American Antiquarian Soc. Coll., Worcester, Mass.]

Smallwood, William, London, cm and u (1797–1809). Son of John Smallwood and free of the Upholders’ Co. by redemption, 5 April 1797. In this year living at 40 King St, Covent Gdn, a property then in use by his father. In Liverpool Advertiser, 16 August 1802, declared bankrupt. Traded at Greenfield St, Whitechapel, 1803–09 as W. Smallwood & Co., the number being 5 in 1803 and from 1808, no. 2. This property also had been used by his father John. One directory of 1808 lists the business as William & Joseph Smallwood and from c.1809 Joseph appears to have been in sole control. [D; GL, Upholders’ Co. records]

Smallwood, William & Co., Bull St, Birmingham, u and cm (1784–1822). In 1784 the business was simply listed as Smallwood, but from 1805–22 as Smallwood & Co. Other addresses given in the directory of 1818 for William Smallwood were Honduras Wharf, Snowhill, possibly a timber yard, and Lady Wood Lane, possibly his house. [D] See Smallwoods & Appletree.

Smallwood, William, Darlington St, Wolverhampton, Staffs., cm and u (1827–35). [D]

Smallwoods & Appletree, 69 Bull St, Birmingham, cm and u (1828). [D]

Smart, Abraham Chubb, Bath, Som., cm (1827). In partnership with Charles Symes when their bankruptcy was announced, Chester Chronicle, 2 February 1827.

Smart, C., Alvin St, Gloucester, u (1839). [D]

Smart, Daniel, Mount East St, Nottingham, cm (1835–40). [D]

Smart, David, Castle St, Saffron Walden, Essex, chairmaker (1839). [D]

Smart, E. & H., 10 Titchborne St, Piccadilly, London, carvers, gilders and picture dealers (1835–37). [D]

Smart, Francis, Nottingham, chairmaker (d.1838). Will proved on 7 November 1838. [Notts. RO, probate records]

Smart, George, London, cm (1790–93). In 1790 at 331 Oxford St as a cm and musical instrument maker. By 1793 had moved to 16 Bell Alley, Coleman St and was listed as a cm only. [D]

Smart, Henry, Lewes, Sussex, chairmaker and turner (1835–40). At North St in January 1835, St Mary's Lane in July 1837 and New St in November 1839. [D; poll bks] See William Smart of Lewes.

Smart, James, Liverpool, carver and gilder (1793–d.1813). App. to William Cashen in 1793 and petitioned freedom in 1802. His petition was, however, rejected. Died on 5 June 1813 at Preston, Lancs, ‘after a Tedious illness’. [Freemen's committee bk; Liverpool Mercury, 18 June 1813]

Smart, John, 84 Leather Lane, Holborn, London, carver (1779). In 1779 insured a house for £100. [GL, Sun MS vol. 274, p. 341]

Smart, Jonathan, High St, Saffron Walden, Essex, cm and u (1832–39). The 3rd Lord Braybrooke of Audley End, Essex paid to a Smart, u, £4 5s 4d in August 1839, and £7 7s 4d in December 1839. It is likely that Jonathan Smart was the tradesman involved. [D; Essex RO, D/DBy/A363]

Smart, Sarah, Fishergate, Nottingham, chairmaker (1840). [D]

Smart, Susannah, 7 St James's Churchyard, Bristol, u (1775). [D]

Smart, Thomas, Nottingham, chairmaker (1814–32). At Red Lion Sq. in 1814; Butcher St, 1818–22, Red Lion St in 1825 and Fishergate, 1828–32. [D]

Smart, Thomas, Soho, London, carver and gilder (1817–39). At 2 Nassau St, 1817–20 and 53 Greek St, 1835–39. [D]

Smart, William, Lower Moorfields, London, cabinet and upholstery warehouse (1784). [D]

Smart, William, Lewes, Sussex, chairmaker and turner (1823–35). At North St. in June 1818 but at 3 Market St, 1823–26. Moved to New St and shown there, 1832–35. [D; poll bks] See Henry Smart of Lewes.

Smart, William, Gloucester, cm (1827–31). Three children bapt. between 1827–31 at St Aldgate's Church. [PR (bapt.)]

Smart, William, Ware, Herts., cm and u (1832–39). Listed at Land Row in 1832, Middle Row in 1838, and High St in 1839, also as an appraiser. Recorded as William jnr, 1832– 38. [D]

Smartfoot, Benjamin, West Smithfield, London, cm (1723–25). In February 1723 next door to the ‘Three Ton Tavern against the sheep pens’, West Smithfield. In this month he took out insurance cover of £500 on his goods and merchandise in his dwelling house. In 1725 at ‘The Lion & Lamb’ near ‘The Ram Inn’, West Smithfield. [GL, Sun MS vol. 17, ref. 31132; Heal]

Smathers, Samuel, Chester, cm (1818–19). Free 18 May 1818 and at this date living at Lower Lane. In 1819 at Linenhall St. [Freemen rolls; poll bk]

Smee, Samuel, Norwich, cm (1814). App. to Samuel Tubby and free, 3 May 1814. [Freemen admission reg.]

Smee, William, 1 Artillery St, Bishopgate St, London, broker and cm (1793). In April 1793 took out insurance cover of £200 of which £130 was for utensils and stock. [GL, Sun MS vol. 395, p. 8]

Smee, William, London, cm and u (1806–40). At 5 Pavement, Moorfields from 1806, although by 1838 it had been renumbered 6 and is referred to as Finsbury Pavement. From 1835 had additional premises at 34 Little Moorfields. In the period 1838–40 referred to as William Smee & Sons. A breakfront mahogany bookcase of c. 1825 is known marked with the name of this maker. [D; Christie's, 16 April 1970, lot 128]

Smee, William, 6 Devonshire St, Bishopsgate St, London, u (1826–29). [D]

Smeed, James, St Mildred, Canterbury, Kent, cm (1826). [Poll bk]

Smeed, John, St Mildred, Canterbury, Kent, cm (1830–31). [Canterbury and Sandwich poll bks]

Smethhurst, Samuel, Manchester, u (1752–56). In 1752 took app. named Rothwell and in 1756, Ashton. [S of G, app. index]

Smiles, James, Newcastle, working u (1827–38). Recorded at Liverpool Terr., Percy St in 1827 and Liverpool St, 1834–38. [D]

Smiles, John, London, cm (1793). Subscribed to Sheraton's Drawing Book, 1793.

Smiles, William, St John's Lane, Newcastle, wood turner and carver (1827). [D]

Smith, Mrs, address unknown, u (c.1720). Supplied a bed for Erddig, Clwyd, N. Wales. [Apollo, July 1978, p. 52]

Smith, —, at ‘The Chair’, Fleet St, London, upholder (1744–48). Described as a widow. Succeeded by William Jellicoe. [Heal]

Smith, —, address unknown, u (1772–73). Supplier to Richard Hoare of Boreham House, Essex. Smith was paid £7 19s on 18 April 1772 and 18s in May 1773. It is likely that Smith traded either in London or Chelmsford. [Essex RO, D/Du 649/2]

Smith, —, London, u (1793). Subscribed to Sheraton's Drawing Book, 1793.

Smith, —, jnr, Norwich, cm (1793). Subscribed to Sheraton's Drawing Book, 1793.

Smith, —, Warwick St, London, u (1794–95). Customer of Kennett & Kidd, u and cm of Bond St, London. [PRO, C114/ 181]

Smith, —, Black Prince Row, Newington, London, cm etc. (1809). [D]

Smith, Abraham, ‘The Three Crowns’, St Olave's St, Southwark, London, upholder (1704–20). Son of Abraham Smith, a member of the Feltmakers’ Co. App. to John Righton on 3 April 1704 and free of the Upholders’ Co. by servitude, 11 April 1716. At St Olave's St, Southwark in 1720. [GL, Upholders’ Co. records; Sun MS vol. 12, ref. 18976]

Smith, Alexander, 2 Tottenham Ct Rd, London, cm (1782). In 1782 took out insurance cover of £400 of which £250 was for utensils and stock. [GL, Sun MS vol. 303, p. 134]

Smith, Alexander, 11 Orange St, Red Lion Sq., London, carver and gilder (1823–27). His trade card [Landauer Coll., MMA, NY] states that he made ‘Borders for Rooms, Bed & Window Cornices, Old Frames regilt & Modernized, Looking Glasses New Polished & Silvered, Drawings & Needle work carefully mounted and neatly Framed & Glazed, Old Paintings Cleaned, Lined & Repaired’. Insurance records show that he also traded as a librarian and dealer in looking-glasses. In December 1823 he took out insurance cover for £500 of which £300 was for utensils and stock. He was succeeded at this address in 1827 by W. S. Smith. [D; Heal; GL, Sun MS vol. 497, ref. 1010879]

Smith, Andrew, Crown Ct, Little Pulteney St, Westminster, London, cm (1784). [Poll bk]

Smith, Ann(e), Broad St, Ludlow, Salop, cm and u (1828–35). [D]

Smith, Benjamin, Lancaster and Arkholme, Lancs., cm (1773–84). App. to W. Blackburn in 1773 and free, 1783–84. Moved from Lancaster to Arkholme and was living there in April 1784. [App. reg.; freemen rolls; poll bk]

Smith, Benjamin, Palace St, St Martin's Norwich, cm (1802–d.1840). Subscribed to Sheraton's Cabinet Dictionary, 1803. Will proved in 1840 and at this date said to be of St Giles, Norwich. [D; poll bks; Norfolk Record Soc., index of wills]

Smith, Benjamin, Halifax, Yorks., cm and u (1814–22). At Cheapside 1814–18, Bull Green in 1818 and Southgate in 1822. [D]

Smith, Benjamin, Butcher Row, Oundle, Northants., cm/and joiner (1823). [D]

Smith, Benjamin, 3 Dean St, Soho, London, picture frame and looking-glass maker (1839). [D]

Smith, Charles, Upper End of Broad St, St James's, London, cm (1746–59). Heal gives an address at Marshall St, Carnaby Mkt derived from a poll bk of 1749. These two locations may be identical. A fashionable maker who received patronage from people of note. In 1746 he received a payment from the Earl of Stair and in this commission appears to have been associated with Campbell & Bruce. On 24 May 1753 he invoiced Gertrude, Duchess of Bedford for a Mahog. Ladys Secretary with a Gothick Top good Brass Locks & wro^t. Handles’. This was charged at £7 7s with 10s 6d packing. His billhead, engraved by Matthias Darly, has a fine engraved Rococo cartouche and illustrations of a Gothick cabinet and ribband back chair. Charles Smith was also probably the cm paid £35 on 9 May 1749 in connection with Panshanger, Herts. In January 1759 Ince & Mayhew advertised that they had ‘taken the house of Mr. Charles Smith, cabinet maker and upholsterer in Carnaby Market who has left off that branch of business’. [Heal; Apollo, January 1956, p. 10; Scottish RO, GD 135/Box 55/31; Bedford Office, London; Herts. RO, D/EP A2]

Smith, Charles, Portugal St, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, u and cm (1763–d. by 1767). Possibly the same maker who was trading from Broad St, Carnaby Mkt, 1746–59. If this is so, then Ince & Mayhew, who had taken over his former business in 1759 on the understanding that he was giving up his former trade, would no doubt have been displeased at his reappearance in the trade. In 1763 he was one of the executors of the will of William Vile. Smith was himself dead by May 1767 when an account settled by Sir Laurance Dundas for a bedstead, bedding, drapery, carpets etc. was receipted by Smith's executors. In March of the following year the balance of his stock was put up for sale. [D; Heal; N. Yorks. RO, ZNK x i/7/75; Public Advertiser, 17 March 1768]

Smith, Charles, 40 Ridmaid Lane, Hermitage, London, cm (1781). In 1781 insured a house for £100. [GL, Sun MS vol. 295, p. 568]

Smith, Charles, Lower Grosvenor St, London, u (1781–1825). Charles Smith traded on his own account at 69 Lower Grosvenor St, 1784–90, and by 1790 his firm was claiming to be ‘Upholsters to Their Majesties’. By 1791, however, he was in partnership with Robert Donald Smith and the business changed its trading style to Charles Smith & Co. The partnership was still in existence in 1794. By 1803 a new partnership had been formed with George Key and in that year Smith & Key were included in the list of master cabinet makers in Sheraton's Cabinet Dictionary. This partnership was dissolved from 1 January 1806 and Charles Smith retained their former premises which by this date had been re-numbered 70. George Key set up his own business at 74 Lower Grosvenor St at which he traded until 1835. By January 1810 a further partnership had been formed, this time with John Bywater, which appears to have lasted until 1825.

In 1783 Charles Smith married Lucy Gilroy. The name Lucy Smith is recorded in the Lord Chamberlain's accounts from the early 1780s to 1805 in connection with furnishings for royal residences and offices. She also fitted out the royal yachts ‘Mary’ and ‘Royal Charlotte’. These commissions may have been undertaken in the name of Charles Smith. She is also known to have receipted an account of 1791 submitted by Charles Smith for chair cases and cushion covers for Lady Ann Conolly. The business grew over the years to a substantial size. Additional premises were used in Grosvenor Mews. These were described in 1791 as a stable and coach house but in 1810 as a warehouse and sawpit. By January 1810 insurance cover totalled £3,500 for the stock and utensils used in the business.

Apart from the Royal commissions, an impressive list of patrons can be drawn up.
AUDLEY END, Essex. In April 1811 the 2nd Lord Braybrooke paid Smith £9 4s 6d. [Essex RO, D/DBy/A376]
DRURY LANE THEATRE, London. Between February 1794 and January 1795 fitted up the boxes of George III and the Prince of Wales at a cost of £2,011. Henry Holland's accounts of 1794 also show Charles Smith as a supplier of goods to the value of £150. [Survey of London, xxxv, p. 54; Booker, Face of Banking, 1979 appendix]
HAREWOOD HOUSE, Yorks. The Harewood accounts show regular purchases from Smith between July 1791 and July 1810 amounting to some £1,800. The largest payment was £400 for furniture on 23 April 1801 with a further payment of £200 on 21 July of the same year. A sum of £300 was paid on account on 15 March 1809 and sums of £200 each on 15 July 1806 and 6 April 1807. [Leeds archives dept., Harewood MS 189–92, 211–12]
HEATON HALL, Manchester. Sir Thomas Egerton paid Smith 14s on 10 March 1782. [Preston RO, DDEg. bank deposit and account bks]
SHUGBOROUGH, Staffs. Supplied a suite of fourteen armchairs and two large sofas in 1794 at a cost of £296. The two sofas and ten of the chairs survive and are displayed in the Red Drawing Room. Other items of furniture supplied to the house include wardrobes, dressing stools, ‘Chamber Tables’ for various bedrooms and mahogany chairs and bergères covered in red morocco for the Library. [Staffs. RO, D.615 E (H) 2/6; E. Stuart, ‘Seat Furniture by Charles Smith & Co. at Shugborough’, National Trust Studies, 1980, pp. 80–93]
STRETTON HALL, Staffs. On 14 December 1790 charged Lady Ann Conolly £1 15s ‘for mounting needlework screen in gilt frame on carved white & gold stand’. On 18 April 1791 the same patron was charged £1 4s 6d for chair and cushion covers. [V&A Lib., Box II, 86 KK; Heal Coll., BM]
OTHER PATRONS. Patronised by Mrs David Garrick from January–July 1786 when £27 19s 7d was spent on chairs, chair repairs, covers, curtains, stools etc. Six japanned chairs with rush seats were provided at a cost of £3 18s. [V&A Lib. 86N.N41(i)–9] A substantial payment of £184 16s was made to Smith, 1789–90 in connection with a house in Manchester Sq., London but the patron is not indicated. [Scottish RO, GD 157/816] Between 1792 and 1799 Richard Cox of Quarley, Hants., a banker of Pall Mall, London, made substantial payments to Charles Smith. His total payments came to £527 18s but some appear to be to an u at Salisbury, also named Smith. It is possible that the two were related. [D; Westminster poll bk; V&A archives; Heal; Times, 12 February 1806; GL, Sun MS vol. 373, ref. 580608; vol. 453, ref. 839731; Lloyds Bank archives, account bk of Richard Cox]
Smith, Charles, Quaker's friars, Bristol, cm (1791–1800). Bankruptcy declared, Exeter Flying Post, 23 June 1791. [D]

Smith, Charles, Liverpool, u (1813–21). At 41 Mount Pleasant in 1813–14 which appears to have been his residence. He also maintained a shop in Paradise St, the number of this being 86 in 1813–14, 87 in 1816, 85 in 1818–19 and 91 in 1821. In December 1818 he advertised that he stocked ‘East India Carpeting’ which was said to be manufactured ‘from a vegetable production of the East Indies, particularly adapted from its cheapness & durability for Stair Cases, Halls, Common Sitting Rooms etc.’ He offered this in a variety of patterns and appears to have derived his stock from Walker & Everard of Wapping who acted as agents for its distribution. He also maintained stocks of cabinet furniture in his ware rooms and In May 1819 offered ‘furniture of Foreign Fancy Wood consisting of Card, Loo, Sofa, Chess, Library & Ladies Work Tables, & Drawing-room Chairs & a great variety of Cabinet work, Bedsteads etc.’ In the upholstery line ‘carpets, Druggets, Patent Floor-cloths, Paper Hangings, Morine Prints, Fringes’ were on offer. His eldest son Charles Ralph Smith, aged 19, died on 3 July 1821. [D; Liverpool Mercury, 4 December 1818, 28 May 1819, 13 July 1821]

Smith, Charles, Wrawby St, Brigg, Lincs., cm (1819). [D]

Smith, Charles, Bloomsbury, London, billiard table maker (1835–39). At 3 Market St in 1835 and 3 Charles St in 1839. [D]

Smith, Charles, Exeter, Devon, cm (1837–40). At Preston St in May 1837, James St in May 1839 and Red Cow Village in December 1840. Two daughters bapt. at St Mary Major, 1837–39 and another at St David's in 1840. [PR (bapt.)]

Smith, Chester, High St, Boston, Lincs., cm and u (1835). [D]

Smith, Christopher, Baxter Row, East Dereham, Norfolk, cm (1830). Freeman of Norwich. [D; Norwich poll bk]

Smith, Christopher Hill, 48 St Giles St, Norwich, u and paperhanger (1839–40). [D]

Smith, Daniel, ‘The Child's Coat’, Steel Lane, Holborn, London, carver and gilder (1723). In November 1723 took out insurance on his dwelling house and shop for £100. [GL, Sun MS vol. 17, ref. 30454]

Smith, Daniel, Windsor, Berks., cm, u, auctioneer, appraiser and undertaker (1780–1830). At Sheet St, 1782–91, Park St in 1798, but by 1824 at St Alban's St. Subscribed to Sheraton's Drawing Book, 1793. In 1782 took out insurance cover of £800 of which £600 was for utensils and stock. This would indicate a business of fairly substantial size by provincial standards, but in November 1791 the cover had fallen to £400 of which £100 was for utensils and stock. [D; poll bks; GL, Sun MS vol. 304, p. 504; vol. 381, p. 528]

Smith, Daniel, West Wycombe, Bucks., chairmaker (b.1812–41). Aged 29 at the date of the 1841 Census.

Smith, David, King St, Dudley, Staffs., cm and u (1828–40). [D]

Smith, Edward, London, cm (1746). Undertook work for the Earl of Stair in connection with Campbell & Bruce. [Scottish RO, GD 135/Box 55/31]

Smith, Edward, London, upholder (1757–d. 1792). Son of Thomas Smith of the parish of St Ann, Blackfriars, carpenter. App. to Charles Westwood on 7 July 1757 and free of the Upholders’ Co. by servitude, 6 June 1765. In 1774, when he took as app. William Shuffrey, he was living in Blackfriars; but listed at St Paul's Churchyard, 1778–92. [GL, Upholders’ Co. records]

Smith, Edward, 13 Lombard St, Whitefriars, London, cm (1778). In 1778 insured a house for £100. [GL, Sun MS vol. 266, p. 644]

Smith, Edward, 53 Gracechurch St, London, upholder and auctioneer (1778–94). Free of the Upholders’ Co. under the terms of the 1750 Upholders’ Act, 4 February 1778. In 1778 took out insurance cover of £1,200 and of this £700 was for utensils and stock. In 1781 insured a house for £900 and in 1787 his utensils, stock and a warehouse for £500. [D; GL, Upholders’ Co. records; Sun MS vol. 263, p. 625; vol. 289, p. 552; vol. 341, p. 600]

Smith, Edward, Norwich, cm (1770–1810). Son of Wright Smith, barber. Free 14 March 1770, and in 1810 trading at St Laurence's Steps. [D; freemen admission reg.]

Smith, Edward, Newcastle, joiner and cm (1782–1811). Until 1785 in partnership with Ralph Wardle at Westgate St. The partnership was ‘amicably dissolved’ in March 1785. Smith indicated that he intended to carry on his trade ‘at his shop’ at the Head of Finkle St, opposite the Low-Friar Chair. Wardle set up in Pilgrim St. Smith stated that he sold ‘all Sorts of Looking Glasses’. Subscribed to Sheraton's Drawing Book, 1793. His business continued in Finkle St until 1811 [D; Newcastle Courant, 26 March 1785]

Smith, Edward, 1 Bellgates, Salford, Lancs., picture frame maker (1825). [D]

Smith, Edward, Church St, Camberwell, London, carver and gilder (1826). [D]

Smith, Edward, Brighton, Sussex, u (1832–39). At 5 Bond St in 1832 and 36 Gardener St, 1838–39. Daughter Eliza bapt. on 12 September 1838. [D; PR (bapt.)]

Smith, Edward, Arabella Row, Pimlico, London, cm (1834–35). In 1834 took an app. through the means of Grinsell's Charity. [D; Westminster Ref. Lib., MS E 3559]

Smith, Edward, 33 Queen St, Derby, cm and u (1835). [D]

Smith, Ellen, 15 Circus St, Liverpool, u (1821). [D]

Smith, Elliot Macro, see John Smith and successors of Cambridge. Probably:

Smith, Elliot, Sidney St, Cambridge, cm and u (1817–30). The principal furniture supplier to St John's College until 1830 when he gave up the trade. John Swan, his employee for thirteen years, established his own cm and u warehouse in Sidney St, next door to that of Elliot Smith, in October 1831 and took on some of Smith's work and former employees. [Cambridge Chronicle, 21 October 1831]

Smith, Fillia, 33 King St, Bristol, Windsor and fancy chairmaker (1836). Successor to William Smith. [D]

Smith, Francis, London, upholder (1719–29). Son of Humphrey Smith of Bardfield, Essex and app. to Joseph Pluckrose on 5 August 1719. Free of the Upholders’ Co. by servitude, 3 September 1729. [GL, Upholders’ Co. records]

Smith, Francis, Bognor, Sussex, cm (1832). [D]

Smith, G., 4 Bradley's Buildings, Bath, Som., chairmaker and upholder (1819). [D]

Smith, George, London, upholder (1705–24). Father of Henry and John Smith, both subsequently members of the Upholders’ Co. George Smith was free of this Co. on 24 July 1706 and took as app. Francis Newbery, 1710–17. Insurance records indicate that Smith owned considerable property, although exactly which addresses he used for his business is uncertain. From 1705–12 he took out insurance cover of £250 on a brick house on the east side of Young St, near the Square, Kensington. In February 1718 he took out cover on a house on the south side of Round Crown between Old and New Gravell Lane, Stepney, and in May 1723 insured no fewer than ten properties for £1,175. One of these was on the south side of Three Crown Court and the west side of Poor Jewry Lane, near Aldgate and was valued at £75. Between 1717 and 1724 he insured a brick house near All Hallows Church, Barking valued at £250, and two other properties close at hand for £150 and £400. [GL, Upholders’ Co. records; GL, Hand in Hand MS p. 75, 29 November 1705; vol. 10, ref. 9419; vol. 20, p. 30; vol. 17, p. 76; vol. 27, p. 131; vol. 28, p. 312]

Smith, George, Castle St, Westminster, London, cm (1749). [Poll bk]

Smith, George, 99 New Bond St, London, cabinet and upholstery warehouse (1789). [Banks Coll., BM]

Smith, George, Lutterworth, Leics., turner and chairmaker (1790–1840). From 1835–42 shown at Beast Mkt, Lutterworth. [D]

Smith, George, London, cm and u (c.1786–1826). He is described on the title page of his ambitious and influential pattern book A Collection of Designs for Household Furniture and Interior Decoration, 1808, as ‘upholder extraordinary to his Royal Highness the Prince of Wales’. The 158 aquatint engravings bear dates from 1804 to 1807 and are important as being the first collection of designs for ordinary furniture in a fully developed Regency style. Advertisements for the book in the Liverpool Chronicle, 20 February 1805 and 25 November 1807 disclose that it was issued in three parts over three years, each priced £1 11s 6d plain or £2 12s 6d ‘elegantly coloured’. Smith contributed designs for furniture to Ackermann's periodical Repository of Arts in January and March 1809 and his A Collection of Ornamental Designs after the Antique appeared in 1812.

Directories reveal that Smith traded as an ‘upholsterer and cabinetmaker’ at 69 Dean St, Soho 1795–97 and as ‘upholder etc’ at 15 Princes St, Cavendish Sq. 1806–11; his trade card issued from this address [Banks Coll., BM] features the Royal Arms and states he was ‘Upholder and cabinet maker to HRH The Prince of Wales, draughtsman in Architecture, Perspective and Ornaments.’ It is difficult to estimate his status as a furniture maker owing to a dearth of evidence. In the introduction to his final work The Cabinet-Maker and Upholsterer's Guide, 1826, he claimed ‘experience of forty years devoted to the study of cabinet making, upholstery and drawing, both in theory and practical application’, stating that he had been employed ‘by some of the most exalted characters in the country to manufacture many of the Designs.’ His career was not without setbacks since two bankruptcies were reported in 1790. [Bailey's list of bankrupts and Liverpool Advertiser, 15 July 1793] Some furniture supplied by George Smith of London to Mount Stewart, Co. Down [C. Life, 13 March 1980, p. 757] might be from his workshop. In 1826 he still described himself as ‘Upholsterer and Furniture Draughtsman to His Majesty’ although he was then ‘Principal of the Drawing Academy’ at 41 Brewer St. He was possibly the father of George Smith jnr, a minor topographical artist. [G. Smith, Collection of Designs for Household Furniture, reprint, introduction by C. V. Hershey, 1970] C.G.G.

Smith, George, Liverpool, cm (1796–d.1802). App. to Samuel Chubbard and free, 26 May 1796. Died in May 1802. [Freemen reg.]

Smith, George, 28 Long Acre, London, carver and gilder (1808–10). At 28 Long Acre in 1808. Probably the craftsman whose name appears in the Longford Castle, Wilts. accounts as the recipient of £3 8s in 1808 and £1 14s in 1810. [D; V&A archives]

Smith, George, Derby, chairmaker and turner (1818–35). At St Peter's St, 1818–29; 1 Court, St Peter's St in 1828–35 and also 2 Court, Sadler Gate in 1829. George Smith jnr, chairmaker and turner, was trading at 31 London Rd in 1834. [D]

Smith, George, Wilton St, Northwich, Cheshire, cm/chairmaker (1834). [D]

Smith, George, St John's Sq., Clerkenwell, London, japanner, cm and upholder (1813–39). At 33 St John's Sq., 1813–25, but from 1826 the number was 35. Listed as a japanner except in 1826 when the trade was u, and in 1827 when it was given as cm, upholder and japanner. [D]

Smith, George, Manchester, cm and u (1834–40). At 47 George St, 1834–36 and 33 Princess St, 1838–40. [D]

Smith, George, Kensington, London, carver and gilder (1823–39). At 31 High St in 1823, no. 54 in 1837, 11 Terrace in 1838 and 20 Young St in 1839. [D]

Smith, Henry, parish of St Michael le Belfrey, York, u (c.1741– 67). Son of John Smith of Oulstone, Yorks., yeoman. His father was already dead when on 29 September 1734 he was app. to George Reynoldson. He was a Roman Catholic and this fact was noted by the authorities at various dates from 1745. In 1767 he was living in the parish of St Michael-leBelfrey and had been there for fifteen years. He was aged 48. [Catholic Recusancy in York; York City archives, quarter sessions bk, 1744–56]

Smith, Henry, London, upholder (1751). Son of George Smith, a member of the Upholders’ Co. (free 24 July 1706). George Smith was brother of John Smith and father of Edmund Smith, both members of the Upholders’ Co. George Smith was made free of the Upholders’ Co. by patrimony, 5 December 1751. [GL, Upholders’ Co. records]

Smith, Henry, Oakham, Rutland, cm (1755). In 1755 took app. named Jelles. [S of G, app. index]

Smith, Henry, 6 near Shadwell Dock, Shadwell, London, cm (1777–81). In both 1777 and 1782 his insurance cover was £100 of which £20 was for utensils and stock. [GL, Sun MS vol. 256, p. 437; vol. 293, p. 420]

Smith, Henry, 7 James St, Covent Gdn, London, carver and gilder (1817). [D]

Smith, Hilton, Lancaster, u (1801–04). [Westminster Ref. Lib., Gillow records] Probably:

Smith, Hilton Thomas, Lancaster, u (1806–21). Free 1806–07. Possibly Hilton Price who was trading at New St in 1816 and Church St in 1818. Took app. on 11 March 1811, 16 January 1817 and 16 April 1821. [Freemen rolls; app. reg.]

Smith, Hugh, Mason Pl., 5 Blair St, Liverpool, joiner and cm (1837). [D]

Smith, I. & T., Mint Sq., London, furniture warehousemen (1802). [D] See John Smith at Mint St, 1808.

Smith, I., 31 High St, Kensington, London, carver and gilder (1826). [D]

Smith, Isaac, 17 Cheshire St, Bethnal Green, London, bedstead maker (1839). [D]

Smith, Isaac George, London, fancy cm (1829–39). In 1829 at 10 Upper Rosoman St, Clerkenwell where his trade was given as cm. In 1837, however, he was at 21 Ratcliff Terr., Goswell Rd, and in 1839 the address was given as 21 Goswell Rd. In 1839 he was making portable desks, dressing cases, work boxes and other small cabinet goods. [D]

Smith, Isaac, 17 Cheshire St, Bethnal Green, London, bedstead maker (1839). [D]

Smith, J., Haymarket, against Pall Mall, London, u (1730). [Heal]

Smith, J., corner of Surry St, St Stephen's, Norwich, u (1810). [D]

Smith, J., 9 Northumberland Pl., Bath, Som., auctioneer, upholder and broker (1819). [D]

Smith, J., 4 Nassau St, Middlx Hospital, London, u etc. (1820). [D]

Smith, J., 4 Bond St, Brighton, Sussex, working u (1832). [D]

Smith, J., 8 Upper Charlton St, Fitzroy Sq., London, carver and gilder (1835). [D]

Smith, J. A., 7 Bridgewater Sq., London, carver and gilder (1835). [D]

Smith, J. C., 92 Crawford St, London, u (1829). [D]

Smith, Jackson, Howard St, North Shields, Northumb., cm and joiner (1827–34). Recorded at no. 14 in 1834 as a cm and paper hanger. [D]

Smith, James, London, upholder (1721–30). Son of James Smith of Passenham, Northants., grazier. App. to John Howard on 4 October 1721 and free of the Upholders’ Co. by servitude, 2 April 1729. In the following year he appears to have been in the employ of Robert North and signed a receipt for Paul Foley for £2 4s ‘for the youth of my master Robert North’. [GL, Upholders’ Co. records; Herefs. RO, Foley MS, F/AIII/ 55]

Smith, James, St Paul's, Covent Gdn, London, cm (1744). [Heal]

Smith, James, Broad St, Portsmouth, Hants., upholder (1781–84). In 1781 insured a house for £800, and in 1784 his utensils and stock for £400 out of a total cover of £700. [D; GL, Sun MS vol. 291, p. 524; vol. 321, p. 457]

Smith, James snr, Nottingham, cm (1776–91). Free 1776 and in 1780 living at Weekday-cross. In 1791 signed the Nottingham Cabinet and Chair Makers’ Book of Prices on behalf of the masters. [Freemen rolls; poll bk]

Smith, James, London, cm (1793). Subscribed to Sheraton's Drawing Book, 1793.

Smith, James snr, Bristol, cabinet varnisher and cm (1795–1816). In 1795 at Bath St, and from 1799–1801 Narrow Wine St as a cm and varnisher. There is then a gap in directory entries until 1812. At ‘Swan’, St James's Back, 1812–14 and ‘White Lion’, Temple St, 1815–16, but the trade is now given as cabinet varnisher. [D]

Smith, James jnr, Nottingham, joiner and cm (1799–1835). At Marygate 1799 and in 1832 the address was given as 45 St Marygate. An address at Broad St is also given for James Smith, cm, in 1835. Took his son James as app. in 1834 and other apps named Samuel Brotherhood in 1816 and James Shore in 1834. [D; app. bk]

Smith, James, Chester, cm (1812–37). Free 15 October 1812. At King St, 1818–26 but in 1837 at Linen Hall St. [Freemen rolls; poll bks]

Smith, James, 13 Prince's Ct, Westminster, London, carver and gilder (1817–20). [D]

Smith, James, 14 Crickets Lane, Ashton-under-Lyne, Lancs., cm and joiner (1818–24). [D]

Smith, James, 35 Tooley St, London, carver etc. (1819). [D]

Smith, James, High Wycombe, Bucks., chairmaker (1826–40). Four daughters and two sons bapt. between 1826–40. [PR (bapt.)]

Smith, James, 14 Hackney Rd Cresc., London, cm and u (1826). [D]

Smith, James, Bullring, Horncastle, Lincs., cm (1826). [D] A James Smith with an address in Horncastle was app. as a cm in Lincoln in 1827 and may be his son. [Lincoln app. reg.]

Smith, James, Yarm, Yorks., joiner and cm (1827). [D]

Smith, James, Sadlers Wells, London, cm (1829–35). At 3 Eliza Pl., Sadlers Wells in 1829, but in 1835 the address was 25 Arlington St, Sadlers Wells. [D]

Smith, James, 20 Court, Hampton St, Birmingham, cm (1830– 35). Recorded at 20 Court, Hampton St, also as an u, in 1830; and at 7 Gt Hampton St in 1835. [D]

Smith, James jnr, Bristol, varnisher and polisher (1833–40). In 1833 at 2 Frog Lane as a fancy varnisher but from 1836–40 at Coach & Horses Ct, Broadmead as a French polisher. [D]

Smith, James, 1 St Ann's Terr., St Ann's St, Liverpool, u (1834). [D]

Smith, James, Leicester, cm and u (1835–42). At Market St (or Pl.) in 1835 and Albion St in 1842. [D]

Smith, James, 17 Charlotte St, Blackfriars Rd, cm (1835). [D]

Smith, James, 1 Denmark Pl., Camberwell, London, upholder (1835). [D]

Smith, James, High Wycombe, Bucks., chairmaker (b.c. 1817–41). Married in 1838 and aged 24 at the time of the 1841 Census. [PR (marriage)]

Smith, James, 6 Ann's Pl., Collier St, Hull, Yorks., cm (1838– 39). [D] A James Smith was app. to Edward Dickon, cm of Hull in August 1815 and may be this maker, or otherwise;

Smith, James, 7 Finkle Ct, Finkle St, Hull, Yorks., cm (1838– 39). [D; Hull app. reg.]

Smith, James, 120 London Rd, London, cm and u (1839). [D]

Smith, James, Hadleigh, Suffolk, cm (1839). [D]

Smith, James, 2 London Rd, St Leonards, Sussex, cm (1839–40). At London Rd in November 1839 but by 1845 at Norman Rd West. [D]

Smith, James, High Wycombe, Bucks., caner (b.c.1806–41). Aged 35 at the time of the 1841 Census.

Smith, Jane, Gaol Sq., Stafford, chairmaker (1818–22). [D]

Smith, Jane, High St, Berwick-upon-Tweed, Northumb., u (1827–28). [D]

Smith, Jeffrey, Richmond, Yorks., cm (1817). [PR (bapt.)]

Smith, Jeremiah, York, u (1758–71). Son of John Smith, joiner. Free 1758 and in this year living at Coney St. Employed by Richard Farrer, and in partnership with Matthew Browne he took over his former employers’ shop in High Ousegate in November 1766. Took Christopher Blackburn as app. jointly with Matthew Hearon on 19 January 1767, and on 24 June 1771 George Bradley jointly with his partner Matthew Browne. [Freemen rolls; app. reg.; York Courant, 25 November 1766]

Smith, Job., Hinckley, Leics., u (1822). [D]

Smith, Job, Nottingham, u (1832–35). Recorded at St James St in 1832 and Castlegate in 1835, also as a paper hanger. [D]

Smith, Job, 46 Waterworks St, Hull, Yorks., cm (1840). [D]

Smith, John and successors, Cambridge, joiners cm, u and undertakers (1698–1832). The first record of John Smith is when St John's College made a payment to him in 1698. Regular payments appear in his name from 1719, most are for general joinery work although he was paid in 1734 ‘for Chairs for ye Audit Room 24 at 18s, 2 at £1 3s: pr Chair’. Trinity College made regular payments to him from 1719, and from 1720 he leased a property from them (on the site of 26 Trinity St) ‘late demised to Cornelius Austin joyner’, consisting of ‘a Hall a Kitchen three chambers a shopp yard & House’. Most payments do not indicate what work was undertaken although in 1743 he was paid for mending and supplying furniture after the appointment of a new Master. His son Thomas, born 1709, had from 1746 leased from Trinity the property next door to his father. By 1748 John Smith, presumably then in his early seventies, appears to have relinquished the business to his son as the payment made by Trinity in that year is to him. However, Thomas Smith died in the same year. After the death of his son it would seem likely that John Smith took control of the business again and trained his grandson Thomas who at the time of his father's death was aged fourteen. Other than one small payment, no reference appears to the Smiths in the accounts of both Colleges until 1752. The payment made by Trinity in 1755 is to Thomas Smith who at the age of twenty-one had no doubt taken control of the family business His grandfather also died in that year leaving two thirds of his property to his grandson. In 1756 Thomas took app. named Cockle. In April 1757 he furnished the rooms of Francis, Marquess of Tavistock, who was an undergraduate of Trinity College. The main items provided were a bedstead complete, a draw table, a dressing glass, a basin stand, twelve walnut matted bottom chairs and a wainscot bureau. Smaller items included waiters, a knife box and a boot jack. The total cost was £28 7s. [S of G, app. index; Bedford Office, London]

From the early 1760s the Smiths became virtually the sole suppliers of furnishings to Trinity and St John's Colleges, a situation that continued until 1832. Although they would also undertake general joinery work payments are recorded for supplying furniture, upholstery, papering, carpeting and gilding etc.

Thomas Smith insured a house for £250 in 1780. [GL, Sun MS vol. 287, p. 638] His oldest son John, born 1763, had followed his father into the business as in 1788 an indenture was made between them. In this it was agreed that in consideration of ‘services and assistance’ of his son, that from 24 June 1788 for eight years the business would continue under the name of Smith & Son. John was to be paid £160 a year. On the 24 June 1796 Thomas Smith was to relinquish the cabinet making and upholstery side of the business to John but was to continue himself as an auctioneer and appraiser. The materials of the cabinet making and upholstery sides of the business were to be valued and paid for by John. Thomas Smith was to hand over the ‘two lease-hold dwellings’ for which John was to pay £600. During the period of the indenture Thomas was to keep them in good repair and also provide a capital sum of not less than £2,000. The change over took place in 1796 although Thomas Smith died in the following year. On 8 July 1797 it was reported that ‘Mr. John Smith Cabinet-maker was sworn into the office of Unversity Appraiser vacated by the death of his father Mr. Thomas Smith’.

When the renewal of the two leases of the property owned by Trinity College became due in 1797 a plan was taken. This shows the shop and dwelling house with a frontage on to Trinity St of approximately fifty feet and a total depth of just over ninty feet. Behind the house was the yard with a warehouse, a two-storied workshop with a saw pit behind.

In 1803 John Smith took his step-brother Elliot Macro Smith, who was aged twenty-one into the business. ‘Smith & Elliot’ are recorded in directories, 1805–08, at Trumpington St. In an indenture dated 25 March 1803, John Smith took his brother to be his assistant for a term of seven years. Elliot was to receive 2½ per cent of all money taken, this to be paid twice a year on the settling and signing of the accounts. A few weeks after the indenture was signed Elliot Smith married the daughter of ‘Mr. Smith, cabinet-maker of Norwich’. This may indicate there was a family or even a business connection with the various cm and u of that name who are recorded in Norwich during this period. Although in the indenture there is no change of name mentioned, there is one isolated payment recorded by St John's College in 1803 to ‘J. & E. Smith Upholsterers’. The period of seven years detailed in the indenture was not completed as Elliot Smith took over the business between July/August 1806. John Smith apparently retiring to Broxbourne, Herts., where he died in 1817.

Under Elliot Smith the business continued to prosper with larger payments being recorded by both Colleges who were refurnishing. It is from this period that much of the surviving furniture supplied to Trinity Master's Lodge can be identified. These include a pair of harewood side tables and a set of mahogany dining chairs supplied in 1795, two suites of a pair of sofa tables and matching Pembroke table supplied c. 1803–05, a set of japanned arm chairs in 1807, a state bed in 1811 for HRH William Frederick, Duke of Gloucester the Chancellor of the University, a set of twenty-eight sabre-leg dining chairs (Fig. 37) and a pair of card tables in 1820.

In late September 1831 Elliot Smith announced that his son Elliot was to enter the business and that the furnishing side was to be discontinued as they would be concentrating on the auctioneering, appraising and insurance sides of the business as well as keeping the funeral department. At first the stock was sold at ‘very reduced prices’, the final sales by auction being held in August and November 1832.

The Smiths would appear to have controlled the largest furnishing business in Cambridge and its closure must have affected the other cm and u in the town. John Swan, who had worked for Elliot Smith for thirteen years, enlarged his shop and engaged several of the Smith's workmen. Samuel Yorke employed one of the paperhangers, and three employees, James Hunt, John Worseldine and Robert Hills, started up businesses of their own. The Smith's firm continued as auctioneers and estate agents and finally insurance agents into the early years of this century. [Furn. Hist., 1976] R.W.

Smith, John, ‘The Three Tents’ by Fleet Ditch, near Holborn Bridge, London, u (1709). [Heal]

Smith, John, Doncaster, Yorks., upholder (1719). [GL, Sun MS vol. 10, ref. 15491]

Smith, John, Featherstone Buildings, Holborn, London, upholder (1734). [Heal]

Smith, John, Salisbury Ct, parish of St Bride, Fleet St, London, upholder (1739–42). Served the parish of St Bride as Questman in 1739, Collector for the Poor in 1741 and Sidesman in 1742. [GL, MS 6561, p. 66]

Smith, John, London, upholder (1746). Son of George Smith and brother to Henry Smith, both members of the Upholders’ Co. George Smith was free of the Upholders’ Co. by patrimony, 3 April 1746. [GL, Upholders’ Co. records]

Smith, John, London, u (1753). Assigned property in Ducklington, Oxon. to John Wansell for £30. [Oxford RO, Welch MS, XI/vi/1]

Smith, John, Fleet St, London, u (1753–54). [D]

Smith, John, King's Lynn, Norfolk, u (1754). In 1754 took app. named Bedingham. [S of G, app. index]

Smith, John, London, upholder (1743–57). Son of Thomas Smith of Swindon, Wilts., innholder. App. to Henry Herring on 1 February 1743 and free of the Upholders’ Co. by servitude, 8 September 1757. [GL, Upholders’ Co. records]

Smith, John, 13 Lad Lane, London, wholesale u (1769–73). In 1769 listed as Smith & Slack, cotton merchants and wholesale upholders. [D] Possibly John Smith & Co. at 7 Gt Eastcheap, 1775–1808.

Smith, John, London, upholder (1772). Son of Joseph Smith and app. to John Stephens. Free of the Upholders’ Co. by servitude, 7 October 1772. [GL, Upholders’ Co. records]

Smith, John, 1 Wellington Mart, Hull, Yorks., cm and broker (1774–84). [D; poll bk]

Smith, John, Berwick St, Soho, London, bed joiner (1774–1809). In 1808–09 the number in Berwick St was 18. [D; Westminster poll bk]

Smith, John, Bristol, upholder (1774–81). Living in the parish of St Mary Port in 1774 and in the parish of St James in 1781. [Poll bks]

Smith, John & Co., 7 Gt Eastcheap, London, wholesale u (1775–1808). Free of the Upholders’ Co. under the terms of the 1750 Upholders’ Act, 4 April 1781 but had been trading at the Eastcheap address since 1775. In 1775–76 described as a cotton merchant. From 1799 the business is listed as Smith, Trower & Co. and in 1808 as Smith, Trower & Slater. Some directories of 1802–04 list merely Smith & Co. John Smith was included in the list of master cabinet makers in Sheraton's Cabinet Dictionary, 1803. [D; GL, Upholders’ Co. records] Possibly John Smith of 13 Lad Lane, 1769–73.

Smith, John, London, upholder (1777). Son of John Smith of Wolverhampton, Staffs., whitesmith. App. to Joshua Wilkinson and free of the Upholders’ Co. by servitude, 7 May 1777. At this date he was living in Moorfields. [GL, Upholders’ Co. records]

Smith, John, Red Cross St, the Mint, Southwark, London, upholder (1782). In 1782 insured houses for £300. [GL, Sun MS vol. 302, p. 610]

Smith, John, Berwick-upon-Tweed, Northumb., cm (1784–1806). In 1806 trading in the High St. On 5 July 1788 debtors of John Carr were asked to make their payments to John Smith. Subscribed to Sheraton's Drawing Book, 1793. [D; Newcastle Courant, 5 July 1788]

Smith, John, White Bear Yd, opposite the Infirmary, Manchester, joiner and cm (1788). [D]

Smith, John, 1 Berkeley Sq., London, upholder (1785–93). [D]

Smith, John, Burton-on-Trent, Staffs., u (1791–1822). Listed at High St as a cm and u, 1818–22. [D]

Smith, John, Paradise St, Liverpool, cm (1790–96). At no. 66 in 1790 and no. 69 in 1796. [D]

Smith, John, Leeds, Yorks., journeyman cm (1791). Named in the Leeds Cabinet and Chair Makers’ Book of Prices, 1791 as a journeyman in basic sympathy with its contents.

Smith, John, 13 Charles St, Grosvenor Sq., London, cm (1794). [Heal] See Smith & Brereton.

Smith, John, High Wycombe, chairmaker (1798). [Militia Census]

Smith, John, 70 Paradise St, Liverpool, cm (1802–03). App. to William Smith and free, 5 July 1802. Trading in Paradise St in 1803. [D; freemen reg.]

Smith, John, London, carver and gilder (1804–27). At 98 Swallow St, Piccadilly from 1804–20 but then moved to 49 Gt Marlborough St. His trade label, which has been found on the back of a picture, states that he was also a looking-glass manufacturer, and ‘Picture Frame Maker by Appointment to his Majesty’. This claim is amply supported by evidence in the Royal archives and the Lord Chamberlain's accounts. In 1810 an account for £151 13s 3d was submitted to the Prince of Wales for frames and repairs and for carving a large ‘Coronet & Plume of Feathers’ for the top of a frame. A payment of £23 16s was made in 1814 by the Lord Chamberlain's Department for a large plain frame for a picture of a horse. Other payments are recorded in 1822 and 1827, the latter to J. Smith & Son. John Smith & Son, carvers and gilders, trading from 137 New Bond St, 1835–37, may be a continuation of this business. [D; Windsor Royal Archives, 25314, 35573, 89524; PRO, LC11/18, 10 October 1814]

Smith, John, Gainsborough, Lincs., cm (1806). Admitted freeman of Lincoln in November 1806. At that date living in Gainsborough. [Lincoln freemen rolls]

Smith, John, London, chairmaker (1806–12). Freeman of Colchester, Essex but living in London. [Colchester poll bks]

Smith, John, Mint St, Southwark, u (1808). [D] See I. & T. Smith at Mint Sq. in 1802.

Smith, John, Johnson's Ct, New Bird St, Liverpool, cm (1812– 20). Free 5 October 1812. On 24 October 1818 married Margaret Davies of Neston, Cheshire at St Nicholas’ Church. A John Smith of Liverpool, cm, took as app. Thomas Smith in 1820. [Freemen reg.; Liverpool Mercury, 30 October 1818; app. bk]

Smith, John, Bradshawgate, Bolton, Lancs., cm and u (1816–18). [D]

Smith, John, 37 Bridge St, Bristol, carver and gilder (1816). [D]

Smith, John, Bordesley St, Birmingham, u (1816–18). [D]

Smith, John, Old St, St Luke's, London, Windsor chairmaker (1816–35). At 20 Old St, 1816–29, but in 1835 shown at 23 Old St and 145 Whitecross St. In 1829 described as a sofa manufacturer. [D]

Smith, John, Berry St, Wolverhampton, Staffs., cm (1816–35). Recorded at Gt Berry St, 1818–34, and in 1833 listed also as a joiner. At Mary Ann St in 1835. [D]

Smith, John, Shales-moor, Sheffield, Yorks., cm (1818). A John Smith of Sheffield subscribed to Sheraton's Drawing Book, 1793. [D]

Smith, John, High Wycombe, Bucks., chairmaker (1818–34). Three sons and two daughters bapt. between 1818–34. [PR (bapt.)]

Smith, John, Gt Queen St, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, cm (1820–29). At 23 Gt Queen St in 1820 but from 1826–29 at no. 20. [D]

Smith, John, Liverpool, cm (1821–22). App. to Charles Pemberton and petitioned freedom in 1821. Sworn 1822. [Freemen reg.]

Smith, John, Pinfold St, Loughborough, Leics., joiner/cm (1822). [D]

Smith, John, East Dereham, Norfolk, cm and furniture broker (1822). [D]

Smith, John, Plymouth, Devon, u (1822–30). At Richmond Hill in 1822, 5 Frankfort Pl. in 1823 and Bedford St in 1830. [D]

Smith, John, Leeds, Yorks., joiner/builder/cm (1826–37). At 13 Water Hall and 8 Western Cresc. in 1826; but at South Market, 1828–30, 21 Meadow Lane, also as an u, in 1830, 28 Front Row, Camp Field in 1834 and Middle Row in 1837. [D]

Smith, John, 15 Paradise Row, Chelsea, London, cm (1826). [D]

Smith, John, 77 Judd St, Brunswick Sq., London, cm and u (1827). [D]

Smith, John, Yarm, Yorks., joiner and cm (1827). [D]

Smith, John Robert, London, cm and u (1827–39). At 25 North Audley St in 1827 and 1 Guildford St East, Wilmington Sq. in 1839. [D]

Smith, John, Rotton Row, Derby, cm and u (1828–29). Listed at no. 1 in 1828. [D]

Smith, John & William, Nottingham, cm and u (1828–40). Recorded at Denman St in 1828; George St, New Radford in 1832; South Parade, Market Pl. in 1835 (also as paper hangers); and Chapel Bar in 1840. [D]

Smith, John, Bridewell Lane, Bristol, chairmaker (1829–32). [D]

Smith, John, 32 Hunter St, Kent Rd, London, u, chair and sofa manufacturer (1829). [D]

Smith, John, Low Ireby, Wigton, Cumb., joiner/cm (1829). [D]

Smith, John, Broad St, Oxford, cm and u (1830). [D]

Smith, John, Bristol, carver and gilder (1829–40). Recorded as John C. Smith, 1829–33, and listed at 2 Cumberland St, 1829–30, 21 Stoke's Croft, 1831–32 and 16 St Paul's St in 1833. Listed as John Smith at 31 Castle St in 1840. [D] Possibly two tradesmen of the same name.

Smith, John, Barrs St, Bristol, fancy chair and bedstead maker, undertaker (1830–40). At no. 8 in 1838 and no. 9, 1839–40. [D]

Smith, John, De Ligne St, Radford, Notts., joiner and cm (1832). [D] See William Smith at this address in 1832.

Smith, John, Dovecot St, Stockton, Co. Durham, cm and u (1832). [D]

Smith, John Martin, George St, Maidstone, Kent, u (1832–38). [Poll bks]

Smith, John, Love Lane, Sheffield, Yorks., cm (1833). [D]

Smith, John, 2 Narrow Weir, Bristol, cm and broker (1834). [D]

Smith, John, Shiney Row, Houghton-le-Spring, Co. Durham, cm/joiner (1834). [D]

Smith, John, Rutland St, Nottingham, u (1834). [D]

Smith, John, Otley, Yorks., joiner/cm (1834). [D]

Smith, John, 14 Maeshouse Lane, Birmingham, cm (1835). [D]

Smith, John, 17 South Audley St, London, u (1835). [D] See Thomas Smith at this address, 1814–37.

Smith, John, 3 Penn St, Bristol, chairmaker (1837–40). [D]

Smith, Jno., Crossbrook St, Cheshunt, Herts., portable desk maker (1838). [D]

Smith, John, 19 Mosley St, Newcastle, cm, u, joiner, carver and gilder (1838). [D]

Smith, John, 145 Whitecross St, London, chair and sofa maker (1839). [D]

Smith, John, West St, Southampton, Hants., cm and chairmaker (1839). [D]

Smith, John, Humberstone Gate, Leicester, cm (1840). [D]

Smith, Jos., 7 Lloyd's Row, St John's St Rd, London, cm and u (1827). [D]

Smith, Jos, 8 Pitt St, Fitzroy, Sq., London, cm (1829). [D]

Smith, Joseph, London, carver (1739). Freeman of Bristol but living in London in 1739. [Bristol poll bk]

Smith, Joseph, Portsmouth, Hants., u (1776). In 1776 insured his household goods for £700. [GL, Sun MS vol. 246, p. 506]

Smith, Joseph P., London, u (1808–23). At 13 Gt Pulteney St, Golden Sq. in 1808, 61 Davies St, Berkeley Sq., 1809–12, 337 Oxford St, 1815–19 and 200 Oxford St, 1821–23. [D]

Smith, Joseph, Bridge St, Westminster, London, cm and u (1808). [D]

Smith, Joseph & Co., Bristol, cm and u (1808–26). At St John's Bridge, 1806–07 and 29 Wine St, 1809–14. Returned to St John's Bridge, 1816–17 where the business was listed merely as Joseph Smith. This last move may have been connected with the bankruptcy which was declared in August 1814. At 2 Park St as Joseph Smith & Co., 1819–25, but in December 1825 once more bankrupt. [D; Exeter Flying Post, 18 August 1814, 22 December 1825]

Smith, Joseph, 13 Castle St, Oxford St, London, cm (1809). [D]

Smith, Joseph, 71 Piccadilly, London, cm (1811). [D]

Smith, Joseph, Vicker's Yd, Briggate, Leeds, Yorks., cm and u (1817). [D]

Smith, Joseph, 29 Gt Waterloo St, Lambeth, London, u (1826). [D]

Smith, Joseph, 8 Pill St, Rathbone Pl., London, cm and u (1827). [D]

Smith, Joseph, Bristol, cm, u and undertaker (1824–27). At 1 Pembroke Ct, Maudlin St, 1824–25 and 7 St John St, 1826– 27. [D]

Smith, Joseph, 2 Brokers Row, Redcross St, Southwark, London, bedstead maker (1839). [D]

Smith, Joseph, West Wycombe, Bucks, chairmaker (b.c. 1796–1841). Aged 45 at the time of the 1841 Census.

Smith, Joseph, Partney, Lincs., cm and joiner (1835). [D]

Smith, Joshua, Westgate, Dewsbury, Yorks., cm (1822). [D]

Smith, Josiah, Dewsbury, Yorks. (1803). Subscribed to Sheraton's Cabinet Dictionary, 1803.

Smith, Lewis, High St, Uttoxeter, Staffs., clockcase maker and cm (1834). [D]

Smith, Lucy, see Charles Smith, Lower Grosvenor St, London and Lucy Gilroy.

Smith, Margaret, 15 Circus St, Liverpool, u (1824). [D]

Smith, Mary, 282 Holborn, corner of Gt Turnstile, London, u (1774–90). Her trade bill of 1774 refers to the business as a ‘Carpet, Bedding, and Upholstery Warehouse’ but her billhead used in 1790 states ‘Wholesale & Retail Carpet, Cabinet & Upholstery Manufactory’. The 1774 trade bill indicates the stock to be ‘SEVERAL Bales of Summer made BLANKETS, very white and Thick — CARPETS of entire new Patterns, of the Turkey, Persia, Wilton, Kidderminster, and Scotch Manufactures, of almost evry size — Rooms covered all over in the compleatest Manner — FEATHER BEDS well seasoned and fit for immediate Use — MATRASSES — QUILTS — Cotton COUNTER-PANES, — English and Flanders BED TICKS — RUGS and COVERLIDS of all Kinds, Variety of Bedsteads and ready made Furnitures, fine Flowered Cotton Checks, Morine, Harateen Cheney, and Lin'sey, made up in the neatest Manner — with all Kinds of Bedding for Sea or Land’. Mary Smith was declared bankrupt, Gents Mag., February 1781. A bill dated 8 May 1790 for a quilt costing £1 2s survives amongst bills for Stretton Hall, Staffs. [Conn. Year Bk, 1960, p. 23; Heal; V&A Lib., Box II, 86 KK, envelope 15]

Smith, Mary, 8 Vine St, London, u (1835–39). [D]

Smith, Matthew, St Martin's St, Leicester Fields, London, chairmaker (1709–17). Small payments were made by the Earl of Northumberland, 1714–17. [Heal; V&A archives]

Smith, Metcalf, Sun St, Keighley, Yorks., joiner/cm (1837). [D]

Smith, Michael Joseph, Sidney St, Cambridge, carver and gilder (1830–39). [D]

Smith, Nathaniel, 30 Chapel St, Shoreditch, London, cm and u (1827). [D]

Smith, Nathaniel Alexander, Crossbrook St, Cheshunt, Herts., fancy cm and u (1839). [D]

Smith, P., address unknown, cm (1803). Subscribed to Sheraton's Cabinet Dictionary, 1803.

Smith, P. S., London, u (1807). Freeman of Gt Yarmouth, Norfolk resident in London. [Gt Yarmouth poll bk]

Smith, Peter, Covent Gdn, London, carver (1766). Bankrupt, Gents Mag., April 1766.

Smith, Richard, London, upholder (1716–23). Son of John Smith of Wallingford, Berks. ironmonger. App. to John Lytholl on 4 July 1716 and free of the Upholders’ Co. by servitude, 11 July 1723. [GL, Upholders’ Co. records]

Smith, Richard, address unknown, cm and frame maker (1738–41). Undertook commissions for Stoneleigh, Warks. for the Dowager Lady Leigh. On 31 December 1738 a large picture frame, a tea chest and a pillar and claw table in mahogany were supplied at a combined cost of £1 16s. Twenty nine polished frames, a large carved frame and two long tables were supplied in 1739 costing £4 14s 2d. On 17 January 1741 four further polished picture frames and eight chair frames were supplied for £3 3s. [Shakespeare Birthplace Trust, Leigh receipts, DR 18/5]

Smith, Richard, Salisbury, Wilts., upholder, cm and auctioneer (1754–97). On 21 December 1754 Richard Smith took as app. Thomas Hunt at a premium of £30. By 1784 the business was trading as Richard Smith & Son and they may have been the business who between 1793–97 supplied items and undertook work for Richard Cox of Quarley, Hants. to the value of £169 15s 9d. Richard Cox, a banker of Pall Mall, London, spent considerable sums with the London u Charles Smith of Lower Grosvenor St. [D; Wilts. Apps and their Masters; Lloyds Bank archives, account bk of Richard Cox]

Smith, Richard, Lancaster, joiner and cm (1784–85). [Freemen rolls]

Smith, Richard, Liverpool, u (b. 1780–d.1835). At 9 Mt Pleasant in 1805, 22 Church St in 1810, 8 Crosshall St in 1811 and 1 Pepper St, 1816–18. Aged 41 in 1821 and died on 19 December 1833. [D; Liverpool RO, 352/CON 5/2 K–Z]

Smith, Richard, Lancaster and Blackburn, Lancs., cm (1806–07). Free 1806–07 but by this date living in Blackburn Lancs. [Lancaster freemen rolls]

Smith, Richard, 172 Tottenham Ct Rd, London, chairmaker (1809–11). [D]

Smith, Richard, Padiham, near Burnley, Lancs., cm, joiner and builder (1818–40). In 1834 shown as joiner and builder only. In 1854 at Adamson St with a house at Church St. [D]

Smith, Richard, Duke St, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, cm and u (1819–27). At 47 Duke St, 1819–24 but 1 Duke St, 1826–27. In March 1824 took out insurance of £800 on his household goods and £800 on six houses in Nobles St, Wellington Sq. and Ann St. His stock and utensils were, however, only insured for £150. [D; GL, Sun MS vol. 499, ref. 1014694]

Smith, Richard, 20 Rolls Buildings, Fetter Lane, London, carver and gilder (1820). [D]

Smith, Richard, Kirkgate, Tadcaster, Yorks., cm (1822–37). [D]

Smith, Richard, Leicester, cm and u (1828–40). Listed at St Nicholas St in 1828; Belgrave Gate, 1828–29; London Rd, 1835–40 and also Southgate St in 1840. [D]

Smith, Richard Clay, High St, Leicester, u and paper hanger (1835). [D]

Smith, Richard, London, carver and gilder (1832–39). At 12 Church St, Blackfriars Rd (alternatively referred to as 12 Church St, Gt Surrey St) from 1832–37, but in 1839 at 16 Bennett St, Blackfriars. [D]

Smith, Richard (or Robert), Little Albion St, Hull, Yorks., cm etc. (1838–40). Some directories give the fore-name as ‘Rt.’ possibly Robert. [D]

Smith, Richard, King's Lynn, Norfolk, cm (1708–09). Freeman of King's Lynn by patrimony, 1708–09. [Freemen rolls]

Smith, Richard, parish of St Martin-in-the-Fields, London, carver and gilder (1786–93). Married on 22 May 1786 at Ipswich. At 17 Duke St, St Martin's Lane in 1790 and 13 Duke's Ct, St Martin's in 1793, although another directory of the same year repeats in 1790 address. [D; Suffolk RO, FAA: 50/2/107]

Smith, Robert, Liverpool, u, auctioneer and appraiser (1787–1810). At Stanley St in 1787 but in that year moved to Old Hall St where he traded in partnership with John Chew at no. 2. They took over the shop at the bottom of Old Hall St which had formerly been used by Samuel Kirkes, Smith terminated his partnership with Chew in April 1792 retaining premises in Old Hall St. In August 1794 he opened an additional shop at 19 Dorman's Lane for the upholstery side of the business, and at the same time commenced trading as an auctioneer using the large shop in Old Hall St for this purpose. In 1796 at 20 Lord St. By 1800 he had taken his sons into the business which from now traded as Robert Smith & Sons. The business was at 18 Lord St, 1800–03. In 1804 the business was trading as Samuel & Thomas Smith at 19 Lord St. By 1805 the number in Lord St had changed to 21 and an additional address at 67 Christian St is mentioned for the first time. At 68 Christian St only, 1807–10. [D; Williamson's Liverpool Advertiser, 2 April 1792, 25 August 1794]

Smith, Robert, 7 Cockspur St, London, carver, gilder and printseller (1794–1820). One directory of 1817 lists at this address Richard Smith and another of 1820 J. Smith. [D]

Smith, Robert, 31 High St, Kensington, London, carver and gilder (1826). [D]

Smith, Robert, Mytongate, Hull, Yorks., broker and cm (1803). [D]

Smith, Robert, 24 Park St, Leamington, Warks., cm and u (1835). [D]

Smith, Robert, Park St, Luton, Beds., u (1839). [D]

Smith, S. F., Cambridge(?), cm (1819). In 1819 married Miss Bains of Peterborough. [Cambridge Chronicle, 2 April 1819]

Smith, S., 16 Holles St, Clare Mkt, London, carver and gilder (1839). [D]

Smith, Sam., London(?), cm (1740–43). Recorded in the accounts of Holkham Hall, Norfolk. In 1740 supplied a mahogany dining table and mended another table at a combined charge of £9 18s. In 1743 charged £7 6s for ‘mahogany dispensatory weight scales’, 11s for mending a table for the ‘dining room in London’, and £3 10s for a piece of looking-glass 40″ × 20″. [V&A archives]

Smith, Sampson, Sheffield, Yorks., cm (1828–37). At 30 Backfields in 1828, 11 Carver St in 1833 and 27 Carver St in 1837. [D]

Smith, Samuel, Chester, cm (1721). Son of William Smith, sawyer. App. to Edward Twanbrook of Chester, cm and free 21 September 1721. His father was already dead by this date. [Freemen rolls]

Smith, Samuel, address unknown, cm (1739). Subscribed to Robert West's Perspective Views of all the Ancient Churches …in the City of London, Pt II, 1739.

Smith, Samuel, ‘The Inigo Jones Head’, Compton Ct, Compton St, Soho, London cm and u (1744–d. by 1771). A Fellow of the Society for Arts and Manufactures 1761–65. Dead by 1771 when his remaining stock was sold by auction by Mr Christie at his Great Room, Pall Mall commencing 4 April. He attracted a number of important patrons. The Earl of Dumfries placed orders with him in 1756 totalling £13 17s. The work involved mending and cleaning tapestries and supplying two tables. A ‘neat mahog frett Rim tea table’ was charged at £1 1s and a ‘mahogany nettwood Breakfast Table with a draw to ditto’ £3 3s. The latter survives and closely resembles pl. xxxiii of Chippendale's Director, 1754. Smith was considered for other furniture and on 25 August 1757 wrote to the Earl enclosing two sketches ‘of Glass frames’ which he estimated to cost on completion £25 each. He also mentions in this letter designs for chairs and some table tops that the Earl had ordered. Smith hoped to obtain firm orders when the Earl visited London, but the visit was postponed until 1758–59 and by this date it had been decided to place the orders with Chippendale & Rannie. Smith's name also appears in the account book of Sir Robert Burdett of Foremark Hall, Derbs., and a payment of £6 15s was made on 30 January 1768. [D; Daily Advertiser, 26 March 1744; Westminster poll bk; Dumfries House papers, DH34/51, DH34/63; Burlington, November 1969, p. 664; Berks. RO, D/EBU A8/1]

Smith, Samuel, Daventry, Northants., u (1776). In 1776 took out insurance cover of £100 and of this £40 was for utensils and stock. [GL, Sun MS vol. 253, p. 470]

Smith, Samuel, Dorking, Surrey, upholder (1776). Bankruptcy announced, Leicester Journal, June 1776.

Smith, Samuel, parish of St James, Bristol, cm (1784). [Poll bk]

Smith, Samuel, address unknown, u (1784–85). Recorded in the accounts of Dunham Massey, Cheshire. On 7 December 1784 he was paid £11 13s for ‘striped & white cotton Furniture for Gallery Room. On 3 November 1785 a further bill was settled, this time to Smith & Latterfield. This was for ‘Callicoe Furniture’ at a cost of £15 8s. [John Rylands Lib., Manchester Univ., George Cooke's accounts]

Smith, Samuel, 38 Beech St, Barbican, London, cm (1790–93). [D]

Smith, Samuel, Liverpool, upholder (1794–1807). At 9 Prices St, 1794–1804, 11 Prices St in 1805 and Wavertree in 1807. [D]

Smith, Samuel & Thomas, 19 Lord St, Liverpool, auctioneers and appraisers (1804). [D] See Robert Smith of Liverpool, 1787–1810.

Smith, Samuel & Co., 5 Castle Ditch, Liverpool, u (1807). [D]

Smith, Samuel, 7 James St, Covent Gdn, London, carver and gilder (1819). [D]

Smith, Samuel, Huntingdon St, Lambeth, London, chair and sofa maker (1826). [D]

Smith, Samuel, Windy Bank, Colne, Lancs., cm (1828). [D]

Smith, Samuel, Otley, Yorks., joiner/cm (1834–37). In 1837 at Kirkgate. [D]

Smith, Sarah, 33 College St, Bristol, u (1837–40). [D]

Smith, Seth, 39 Carey St, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, carver and gilder (1839). [D]

Smith, Sidney, 64 St Aubyn St, Plymouth, Devon, cm and u (1823). [D]

Smith, T., London, u (1793). Subscribed to Sheraton's Drawing Book, 1793.

Smith, T., 16 Cleveland St, Fitzroy Sq., London, carver, gilder and frame maker (c.1800). [Heal]

Smith, T., Lant St, Southwark, London, looking-glass etc. manufacturer (1804). [D]

Smith, T., Union St, Lambeth, London, chair and sofa maker (1809–26). [D]

Smith, T., 32 Newman St, Oxford St, London, u and undertaker (1816). [D]

Smith, Thomas, London, upholder (1710–21). Son of Gilbert Smith a member of the Drapers’ Co. App. to William Cowthorpe on 7 June 1710 and free of the Upholders’ Co. by servitude, 3 May 1721. [GL, Upholders’ Co. records]

Smith, Thomas, Gracechurch St, London, u (1723). [Heal]

Smith, Thomas (Captain), corner of Gt Queen St, London, upholder (1725). [Heal]

Smith, Thomas, St Giles Without Cripplegate, London, chairmaker, broker and chapman (1728). Bankruptcy announced, London Gazette, 30 July-3 August 1728.

Smith, Thomas, Berkeley, Glos., upholder (1738). Freeman of Bristol. [Bristol poll bk]

Smith, Thomas, Chester and Liverpool, cm (1747). Son of Thomas Smith jnr, sawyer. Free 20 July 1747 by which date his father was dead. In 1747 moved to Liverpool. [Chester freemen rolls and poll bk]

Smith, Thomas, opposite ‘The Ship Tavern’, Ratcliff Cross, London, cm (1747–48). [Heal; Daily Advertiser, 30 April 1748]

Smith, Thomas, Chipping Norton, Oxon., cm (1753). On 14 March 1753 married Sarah Leatherhead, widow, of Chipping Norton. He was aged 43 and she 30. [Bodleian index of Oxf. marriage bonds]

Smith, Thomas, Cambridge, see John Smith and successors of Cambridge.

Smith, Thomas, Shadwell, London, cm and upholder (1757–86). Son of Thomas Smith of Colchester, Essex, vintner. App. to Stephen Abb on 6 December 1757 and free of the Upholders’ Co. under the terms of the 1750 Upholders’ Act, 2 May 1765. In 1778 at 218 Shadwell High St where he took out insurance cover of £200 of which half was for utensils and stock. Shown at Star St, Shadwell, 1778–86. [GL, Upholders’ Co. records; Sun MS vol. 264, p. 520; Colchester poll bks]

Smith, Thomas, Temple Bar, London, bedding, carpet, blanket and upholstery warehouse (1769). [Middlesex Journal, 25 April 1769]

Smith, Thomas, Norwich, cm (1770–1818). At 16 St Giles St, but from 1805–10 this address was listed as St Giles, Broad St. Free on 24 February 1770 but not by servitude. His own apps, Francis Clarke and John Blomfield, were free on 3 May 1813 and 14 July 1818 respectively. In 1775 took out insurance cover of £400 of which £350 was for utensils and stock. By 1778 total cover had risen to £900 and utensils and stock to £850 which suggests a prosperous and expanding enterprise. In 1786 he insured a house on the corner of Goat Lane for £300. [D; poll bks; freemen reg.; GL, Sun MS vol. 240, p. 443; vol. 265, p. 295; vol. 337, p. 429]

Smith, Thomas, Butcher Row, London, upholder (1773). Bankrupt, Gents Mag., June 1773.

Smith, Thomas, 50 Baldwins Gdns, Leather Lane, Holborn, London, cm (1776). In 1776 took out insurance cover of £200, half of which was for utensils and stock. [GL, Sun MS vol. 244, p. 280]

Smith, Thomas, Long Acre, London, u (1778). Bankrupt, Gents Mag., December 1778.

Smith, Thomas, Aldersgate St, London, upholder (1779). [Heal]

Smith, Thomas, Worcester, cm (1780). App. to James Twitty and free by servitude 19 June 1780. [Freemen rolls]

Smith, Thomas, Market Drayton, Salop, cm (1784). [D]

Smith, Thomas, Lancaster (1787–89). [Westminster Ref. Lib., Gillow records]

Smith, Thomas, Liverpool, cm (1790–1814). At back of 22 Pool Lane in 1790; 19 Circus St, Byrom St, 1800–03; 30 Circus St, 1804–05; 30 Dale St in 1813 and 10 Dale St in 1814. [D]

Smith, Thomas, London, cm (1793–1803). Subscribed to Sheraton's Drawing Book, 1793. The Thomas Smith, cm, who subscribed to his Cabinet Dictionary, 1803, but whose address was not indicated, was probably the same person.

Smith, Thomas jnr, Leominster, Herefs., cm (1796–1811). Shown as an elector, 1796–97. The Smith of Leominster who was paid £4 10s 6d by Mr Dunne of Gatley Park near Leominster on 9 October 1811, was probably the same person. [Poll bks; Herefs. RO, F 76/III/40]

Smith, Thomas, Whitby, Yorks., carver (1798). [D]

Smith, Thomas, Shepherd St, Mayfair, London, upholder and cm (1801–12). Insurance records show him at 6 Shepherd St in April 1807, but directories at 1 Shepherd St, 1807–12. In March 1801 took out insurance cover for £2,000 but only £100 covered utensils and stock. By April 1807 total cover had fallen to £500 with utensils and stock still at £100. [D; GL, Sun MS vol. 419, ref. 715573; vol. 440, ref. 802249]

Smith, Thomas, Holy Trinity parish, Exeter, Devon, u (1803). [Militia Census]

Smith, Thomas, 9 Turnstile Alley, Drury Lane, London, broker and cm (1804). In July 1804 took out insurance cover of £1,000 but only £250 was in respect of utensils and stock. Also owned 5 Turnstile Alley. [GL, Sun MS vol. 431, ref. 762873]

Smith, Thomas, Gainsborough, Lincs., cm, trunkmaker and furniture broker (1805–31). At Silver St, 1819–22, and Market Pl., 1828–31. Listed as a furniture broker in addition to his trade as cm and trunkmaker, 1826–31. [D]

Smith, Thomas, 38 Broad St, Soho, London, u etc. (1806–09). [D]

Smith, Thomas, 5 Chapel St, Mayfair, London, upholder and cm (1809–13). In March 1809 took out insurance cover of £700 which included £350 for utensils and stock at Chapel St and a further £200 on similar items in a wareroom and cabinet workshop in Ducking Pond Yd. [D; GL, Sun MS vol. 448, refs 828645, 828649]

Smith, Thomas, 67 Charlotte St, Fitzroy Sq., London, upholder and undertaker (1809–14). [D]

Smith, Thomas, 32 Upper Marylebone St, London, carver, gilder and looking-glass manufacturer (1812–26). Shown as a carver and gilder 1812–15, but from 1817 as a looking-glass manufacturer. [D]

Smith, Thomas, 17 South Audley St, London, u etc. (1814–37). [D] See John Smith at this address in 1835.

Smith, Thomas, Plymouth, Devon, cm (1815). In March 1815 he was confined to the prison of St Thomas, Exeter for debt. His case was due for consideration under an Act for the relief of insolvent debtors. Named amongst the creditors were Matthew Madge of Plymouth, cm, William Fry of Plymouth, bedstead maker and Jewel Catear of Plymouth, cm. [Exeter Flying Post, 2 March 1815]

Smith, Thomas, Barton St, Tewkesbury, Glos., chairmaker (1815–16). Children bapt. between 1815–16. [PR (bapt.)]

Smith, Thomas, Richmond, Yorks., cm (1816–40). Child bapt. in 1816. Trading in Finkle St in 1840. [D; PR (bapt.)]

Smith, Thomas, Liverpool, cm (1817–37). In 1817 app. to William Smith and free 18 June 1827. At this date shown at 2 Marquis St and Union St North. In 1837 trading at 8 Freemen's Row. [D]

Smith, Thomas, 1 Butt's Head Passage, Wood St, London, carver and gilder (1820). [D]

Smith, Thomas, 42 Gt Guildford St, Southwark, London, carver and gilder (1820–26). [D]

Smith, Thomas, Thomas, 200 Oxford St, London, u and undertaker (1820). [D]

Smith, Thomas, 236 Shoreditch, London, u (1820). One directory lists him also at 12–13 Grey Eagle St, Spitalfields and lists his trade as a ‘mattress and sea-bed manufacturer, hair merchant and curler’. [D]

Smith, Thomas & Son, Briggate, Leeds, Yorks., hair seating manufacturers (1822). [D]

Smith, Thomas, Baxtergate, Grimsby, Lincs., joiner and cm (1822–31). [D]

Smith, Thomas, Slingsby, Yorks., cm and wheelwright (1823). [D]

Smith, Thomas & Son, 8 Terrace, Kensington, London, u (1826). [D]

Smith, Thomas, Scarborough, Yorks., carver (1830–31). In 1830 at Porretts Lane but in the following year at Quay St. [D]

Smith, Thomas, Bull Mount, Stafford, chairmaker (1834–35). [D]

Smith, Thomas, Northgate, Market Weighton, Yorks., cm (1834–40). [D]

Smith, Thomas, Brompton Row, London, u, appraiser and undertaker (1835–39). At 42 Brompton Row, 1837–38, but by 1839 the number was 41. [D]

Smith, Thomas, 8 Earl St, Lisson Grove, London, cm (1835). [D]

Smith, Thomas, 18 London Wall, London, carver and gilder (1835). [D]

Smith, Thomas, 12 Denmark St, Soho, London, carver and gilder (1835–39). [D]

Smith, Thomas, 50 Gravel Lane, Southwark, London, carver and gilder (1835–39). [D]

Smith, Thomas, 15 Little Titchfield St, London, cm and u (1839). [D]

Smith, Thomas, Wood St, Swindon, Wilts., cm (1839). [D]

Smith, Thomas, Finkle St, Richmond, Yorks., cm (1840). [D]

Smith, Thomas, Belgrave Gate, Leicester, cm (1840). [D] Successor to William Smith, at Belgrave Gate from 1827–28.

Smith, W. B., Market Pl., Leicester, cm (1818–22). [D] Possibly William Bootham Smith of Leicester.

Smith, W. S., 11 Orange St, Red Lion Sq., London (1827). Successor to Alexander Smith, carver and gilder, at this address. [Heal]

Smith, W., 14 Castle St East, Oxford Mkt, London, carver and gilder (1835–37). [D]

Smith, W. H., 72 Old Broad St, London, u etc. (1835–37). [D]

Smith, Wainwright, 8 New Conduit St, King's Lynn, Norfolk, cm (1839). [D]

Smith, William, London, upholder (1705–15). Son of William Smith, freeman of London and a member of the Feltmakers’ Co. App. to John Woodburn on 22 October 1705 and then to William Long, patten maker. Free of the Upholders’ Co. by servitude, 6 July 1715. [GL, Upholders’ Co. records]

Smith, William, Liverpool, carver (1711). Free 27 August 1711. [Freemen reg.]

Smith, William, parish of St Clement, Oxford, cm (1740). Married Mary Barnes of the same parish at the church of St Clement, 8 April 1740. William Smith was aged 25. [Bodleian index of Oxf. marriage bonds]

Smith, William, Norwich, u (1753). App. to Francis Brooke and free 3 May 1753. [Freemen reg.]

Smith, William, the Side, Newcastle, u (1753–d. by 1755). Named as the agent to Philip Magee, linen cloth bleacher in 1753. Cloth could be left at Smith's shop or given to Caleb Alder ‘in the Burnt-house entry, on the Side’. By June 1755 Smith was dead and the business was continued by Bartholomew Kent, his son-in-law and formerly his app. [Newcastle Courant, 17 March 1753, 7 June 1755]

Smith, William, Wells, Som., cm (1754). Freeman of Bristol. [Bristol poll bk]

Smith, William, near the end of Chancery Lane, near Gray's Inn Gate, Holborn, carpet, upholstery and bedding warehouse (1763–69). [D; Heal; Middlesex Journal, 25 April 1769]

Smith, William, Lancaster, cm (1767–68). [Freemen rolls]

Smith, William, Yorks., chairmaker (1771). Supplied Edwin Lascelles of Harewood House in 1771 with ‘2 dozen of Elm chairs’ and two dining tables at £21 2s. The chairs with fan backs and stuffed-over seats were intended for the Steward's Room and at least ten of these still survive. [Temple Newsam House, Leeds, Exhib. Cat., Back-stairs Furniture, 1977 (10)]

Smith, William, near Wapping New Stairs, Wapping, London, cm (1774). In December 1774 a cellar under his dwelling was being used by Mary & Jeh. Parker, beer and wine merchants. [GL, Sun MS vol. 235, ref. 347634]

Smith, William, 46 Turn Stile, Little Tower Hill, London, bed and carpet warehouse (1774). [D]

Smith, William, Carnaby Mkt, London, chairmaker (1779). In 1779 insured his house for £100. [GL, Sun MS vol. 273, p. 96]

Smith, William, Midsomer Norton, Som., cm (1781). In 1781 insured his house for £100. [GL, Sun MS vol. 291, p. 323]

Smith, William, address unknown, joiner (1785). Employed by the Duke of Devonshire at Chatsworth, Derbs. in 1785. He supplied a new oak bedstead at £1 10s, six mahogany stools for the Chapel Gallery at £2 12s, eight mahogany basin stands at 18s, and also undertook architectural carving, joinery work and assisted the upholsterer. The bill, which amounted to £116 18s 11d, was examined by John Carr. [Chatsworth papers]

Smith, William, Liverpool, cm (1784–d.1819). App. to John Darbyshire and free 2 April 1784. At Vernon St in 1787, 33 Dale St and Vernon St in 1790, 34 Dale St in 1796 and 1803, no. 30 in 1800 and 1807–10, no. 33 in 1805, no. 28 in 1804 and no. 37 in 1811. The repeated change of number in Dale St was probably due to Post Office re-numbering. Took as apps Hugh Cannell (1791–1802), John Smith (1793–1802), Edward Slater (1810–18) and Thomas Smith (1817–27). [D; freemen's committee bks and reg.]

Smith, William, Christchurch parish, York, u (1787–98). Son of John Smith, yeoman of Water Fulford. App. to Matthew Browne on 28 February 1787 and free 1798. [York app. reg. and freemen rolls]

Smith, William, York, u (1789). Son of William Smith of Fulford, York. Free 1789. [York freemen rolls]

Smith, William, Bawtry, Yorks., cm (d.1793). Probate granted on his will, 2 May 1793. [D; Notts. RO, probate records]

Smith, William, Birmingham, cm, u and broker (1793–1830). In 1793 at Snow Hill, in 1818 at Gt Hampton St and in 1830 at Bromsgrove St. [D]

Smith, William, 10 Beach St, London, cm (1793). Subscribed to Sheraton's Drawing Book, 1793.

Smith, William, Southwark, London, cm (1794–99). In 1794 at Queen St, Mint and in 1799 at Mint Sq. [D]

Smith, William, 27 Wardour St, Soho, London, chairmaker (1794–1817). In 1794 trading in partnership with John Shenton. Listed as a master cabinet maker in Sheraton's Cabinet Dictionary, 1803, which he also subscribed to. On 24 July 1803 a fire broke out at his workshop. Also listed in directories as a sofa maker and u. [D; Heal; Gents Mag., July 1803]

Smith, William, Devonport, Devon, cm and u (1798–1825). At Fore St in 1812. Bankruptcy announced, November 1821, and in January 1825 the commissioners for his bankruptcy sold a house in St Aubyn St. [D; Exeter Flying Post, 8 November 1821; The Alfred, 11 January 1825]

Smith, William, address unknown, cm (1803). Subscribed to Sheraton's Cabinet Dictionary, 1803. He may be the William Smith, then at 10 Beach (or Beak) St, London, who subscribed to his Drawing Book, 1793.

Smith, William, 1 Jane St, Commercial Rd, London, cm (1807– 09). In November 1807 took out insurance cover of £300 which included £130 for stock and utensils. In January 1809 the total cover was £300 with utensils and stock £100. [GL, Sun MS vol. 442, ref. 809882; vol. 443, ref. 825667]

Smith, William, Brewer St, Golden Sq., London, u and paperhanger (1808–29). At 34 Brewer St in 1808 but by 1815 had moved to 7. In 1815 took app. sponsored by Grinsell's Charity. His insurance cover in February 1824 amounted to £1,000 but of this only £200 was for utensils and stock. [D; Westminster Ref. Lib., MS E 3559; GL, Sun MS vol. 499, ref. 1012906]

Smith, William, Petergate, York, cm and u (1809–40). Shown at Low Petergate 1809 but by 1828 listed as 37 Petersgate, also as an undertaker. [D]

Smith, William, High-bridge, Newcastle, joiner and cm (1811). [D]

Smith, William, Shrewsbury, Salop, cm (1811). Trustee to John Smith of Ludlow, Salop for £6,200 in annuities left on the death of Martin Dunne of Ludlow. [Herefs. RO, Gatley Papers F76/IV/82]

Smith, William, Gt Hampton St, Birmingham, cm (1818). [D]

Smith, William, Parke-green, Macclesfield, Cheshire, cm (1818). [D]

Smith, William, 74 Newington Causeway, London, u (1819). [D]

Smith, William, 20 Rolls Buildings, Fetter Lane, London, carver, gilder and picture frame maker (1820). In June 1820 took out insurance cover for £400 of which half was for utensils and stock. [D; GL, Sun MS vol. 486, ref. 968456]

Smith, William, Northampton, chairmaker (1820–30). At Woolmonger St in 1820, St Mary St in 1823 and Mare Fair in 1830, also as a turner. [D; poll bks]

Smith, William, Brighton, Sussex, cm (1821–39). Living at Richmond Buildings in 1821, Cavendish St in 1824 and Jubilee St in 1827. Trading at 72 Edward St in 1822. A son and two daughters bapt. between 1821–27 and his son married in September 1839. [D; PR (bapt. and marriage)]

Smith, William, Broad St, Ludlow, Salop, cm and u (1822). [D]

Smith, William, Hull, Yorks., cm (1822–23). At New Postern Gate in 1822 and Cockpit Yd, 6 Castle St and New John Yd in 1823. [D]

Smith, William, 45 King St, Snow Hill, London, pocket book maker and fancy cm (1822–23). In November 1822 took out insurance cover of £6,900 of which £5,000 was for utensils and stock. He also insured property at 9 Spencer St, Northampton Sq. In March of the following year insurance totalled £6,800 of which £6,000 was for utensils and stock. The business was referred to as William Smith & Co. The reason for the high valuations given to utensils and stock is not clear. [GL, Sun MS vol. 492, ref. 997592.; vol. 494, ref. 1003208]

Smith, William, Long St, Tetbury, Glos., cm, u, auctioneer and appraiser (1822–39). [D]

Smith, William, Bristol, Windsor and fancy chairmaker (1823– 35). At Middle Ave., Queen Sq. in 1823; 34 King St, St Nicholas, 1824–25; 33 and 36 King St in 1826; and 33 King St, 1827–35. Succeeded by Fillia Smith. [D]

Smith, William, Catterick, Yorks., joiner and cm (1823). [D]

Smith, William, Gt Ancoats St, Manchester, cm (1825). His trade address was 32 Gt Ancoats St and his residence was at no. 28. [D]

Smith, William Bootham, Leicester, cm (1826–27). App. to John Shipley but on his death served the remainder of his apprenticeship under his widow. Free 1826 and trading in Hotel St, 1827. [D; freemen rolls] Possibly W. B. Smith of Leicester.

Smith, William, Leicester, cm (1815–28). At Swine Mkt in 1815 and Belgrave Gate, 1827–28. [D] Succeeded by Thomas Smith at Belgrave Gate.

Smith, William, Market Pl., Grimsby, Lincs., joiner, cm and u (1826–35). [D]

Smith, William, Brunswick St, Stockton, Co. Durham, joiner and cm (1827). [D]

Smith, William, Blackwellgate, Darlington, Co. Durham, cm (1827–34). [D]

Smith, William, King St, South Shields, Co. Durham, cm and joiner (1827–34). In 1828 described as William Smith & Son. [D]

Smith, William, Bromsgrove St, Birmingham, cm and u (1828). [D]

Smith, William, Church St, Colne, Lancs., cm (1828–40). His son Robert is also mentioned in a directory entry of 1834. There were two cm named William Smith trading in Colne at the time of the 1841 Census, one trading in Market St and the other in Piece Hall Yd. [D]

Smith, William, 4 Northampton St, Clerkenwell, London, looking-glass and picture frame maker (1829). [D]

Smith, William, Skipton, Yorks., cm (1829–37). In 1837 at Bird's Buildings. [D; PR]

Smith, William Heldon, 7 Crescent, Cambridge, carver and gilder (1830). [D]

Smith, William, 1 Richmond Row and Kirkdale Rd, Kirkdale, Liverpool, carver (1830). App. to John Summer and free 20 November 1830. [Freemen reg.]

Smith, William, De Ligne St, Radford, Notts., joiner and cm (1832). [D] See John Smith at this address in 1832.

Smith, William, George St, Radford, Notts., chairmaker (1834). [D]

Smith, William, Sheffield, Yorks., cm (1833–37). At 87 Scotland St in 1833 and 8 Workhouse Croft, 1834–37. [D]

Smith, William, Durham/Newcastle area, joiner (1834). Worked at Gibside, Co. Durham and on 29 November 1834 submitted his account for work. This included making and painting a large flower pot stand for the Entrance Hall, a large toilette table, furniture repairs and alterations and putting up glasses and curtains etc. [Durham RO, Strathmore MS, D/St/ 346/33]

Smith, William, Skelton St, Colne, Lancs., cm (1834–40). Two cm named William Smith were working in Colne at this period. In 1841 at the time of the Census one was in Market St and the other in Piece Hall Yd. [D]

Smith, William, Conisbrough, Yorks., joiner and cm (1834). [D]

Smith, William, 170 Moseley St, Birmingham, cm (1839). [D]

Smith, William, Northwood St, Birmingham, cabinet case maker (1839). [D]

Smith, William, 45 Worcester St, Birmingham, cm (1839). [D]

Smith, William, Chipping Camden, Glos., chairmaker (1839). [D]

Smith, William, Dunmow, Essex, cm, u and turner (1839). [D]

Smith, William, New Conduit St, King's Lynn, Norfolk, cm (1839). [D]

Smith, William & Nephew, 28 Hatton Gdn, London, cm and u (1839). [D]

Smith, William, 252 Tottenham Ct Rd, London, bedstead maker (1839). [D]

Smith, William, 94 York St, Westminster, London, cm and u (1839). [D]

Smith, William, Parkston, Poole, Dorset, cm and u (1840). [D]

Smith, William, Liverpool, carver and gilder (1840). Free 22 July 1840. [Freemen reg.]

Smith, Wright, Norwich, cm (1762–d.1791). Living in the parish of St Andrew, 1768 and the parish of St Peter Mancroft, 1780–90. Trading at Coffee House Ct, Market Pl. 1783 and in the following year the address is simply given as Market Pl. His app., William Elden Earle, was made free 18 June 1762. Will proved at Norwich in 1791. [D; poll bks; freemen reg.; Norfolk Record Soc., index of wills]

Smith, Zachariah, Durham Yd, Strand area, London, u and cm (d. by 1741). Dead by May 1741 when his goods were auctioned off ‘within Five Doors of Durham Yard in the Strand’. Goods on offer included ‘Four Posted and Harrateen Beds, Settee Bedsteads, fine Quilts and Blankets, Cotton Counterpanes, French Carpets, very Handsome Walnut-Tree Chairs, Spanish Leather Seats, Easy Chairs, Chest upon Chest, Buroes, Sconces and Chimney Glasses, a very good Eight Day Clock, and other goods’. Some small ‘India Cabinets’ were also specified. In connection with certain items it was stated that ‘these Goods are almost new, being made to go abroad, and free from Buggs’. [London Evening Post, 1–4 and 20–22 May 1742]

Smith & Beaumont, Barbican, London, cm (1792–93). At 36 Beech St in 1792 and in one directory of 1793. Another of that year gives King's Head Ct, Barbican. [D]

Smith Bradshaw & Saunders, Soho, London, upholders and cm (1755). In February 1755 a fire was reported in their workshops which not only extensively damaged them but also destroyed the tools and tool chests of thirty seven workers who were employed there. The value of these was said to exceed £300. A subscription list was established and on 2 April it was reported that sufficient had been given to make good the damage. [Public Advertiser, 8 February and 2 April 1755] See Paul Saunders.

Smith & Brereton, Charles St, Grosvenor Sq., London, cm and upholders (1785–93). A partnership between John Smith and William Brereton. At 4 Charles St in December 1785 when utensils and stock were insured for £350. By 1790 at 13 Charles St. In 1794 the business appears to have been in the sole control of John Smith. [D; GL, Sun MS vol. 330, pp. 152, 612]

Smith & Brett, 24 Church St, Spitalfields, London, cabinet etc. manufacturers (1825). [D]

Smith & Campion, Gallowtree Gate, Leicester, cm (1799). In May 1799 a sale of their stock in trade was advertised. [Leicester Journal, 24 May 1799]

Smith & Chipp, address unknown (1775). Supplied to Croome Court, Worcs. ‘An Italian chair and harness’ which was paid for on 4 July at a cost of £25. [V&A archives]

Smith & Griffith(s), 78 Blackman St, London, u (1803–08). Succeeded by Smith & Sindrey. [D]

Smith & Hollingsworth, 6 Bedford St, Bedford Row, London, u etc. (1808–11). A partnership of Thomas Smith and Samuel Hollingsworth. In September 1808 took out insurance cover for £1,500 of which £1,400 was for utensils and stock. By November 1809 these figures had risen to £2,000 and £1,900 respectively. These high levels of insurance cover indicate a business of substantial proportions. [D; GL, Sun MS vol. 445, ref. 819997; vol. 443, ref. 836743]

Smith & Holmes, Little Queen St, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, cm (1826). [D]

Smith & King, Bristol, cm, u and japanners (1827–40). At Trenchard St, the number being 1 in 1827–29, 10 in 1830 and 16 in 1831–35. From 1836–40 occupied 2 Park St with premises also in Frogmore St. [D]

Smith & Madgwick, 11 Pavement, Finsbury, London, cm and u (1839). [D]

Smith & Powell, 78 Blackman St, London, auctioneers and u (1826). [D] Successors to Smith & Sindrey at this address.

Smith & Rawlins, 2 Falcon Pl., London, chair japanners (1813). In May 1813 took out insurance cover of £700 which included £200 for utensils and stock in the house and a further £200 for similar items in a workshop behind. [GL, Sun MS vol. 463, ref. 881971]

Smith & Richardson, Hull, Yorks., cm and u (1806–35). At Lowgate 1806–10; 19 Chapel Lane, 1817–23 and 1831; 18 Chapel Lane in 1826 and 19 Bowlalley Lane, 1834–35. [D]

Smith & Rose, 38 Broad St, Golden Sq., London, u (1808). [D]

Smith & Sindrey, 78 Blackman St, London, u (1809–25). One directory of 1822 lists the business as Smith, Sindrey & Powell and by 1826 the premises were in the occupation of Smith & Powell. It would thus seem that Powell was a new partner introduced c.1822. From 1803–08 the business had traded as Smith & Griffith(s). Thomas Smith was living at 78 Blackman St and owned houses in other parts of London which he insured for sums of up to £800. In some years this property was jointly insured by John & Thomas Smith. No insurance details have, however, been traced for the Blackman St premises or for trade goods kept there. [D; GL, Sun MS vol. 441, ref. 812547; vol. 462, ref. 881129; vol. 461, ref. 901557; vol. 490, ref. 995698; vol. 495, refs 1010515, 1014369]

Smith & Skegg, London, bedstead and chairmaker (1817–20). At 68 Old St, St Luke's in 1817 and 1820 but in 1819 shown at 65 Bunhill Row. [D]

Smith & Son, See John Smith and successors of Cambridge.

Smith & Son, 82 Holborn, London, carpet manufacturers and upholders (1790–93). [D]

Smith & Son, 8 Terrace, High St, Kensington, u (1826–35). [D]

Smith & Theweneti, 29 Kingsmead St, Bath, Som., cm (1833). [D]

Smith & Turner, Bond St, London, cm (1805). In May 1805 a fire occurred in their warehouse in Grosvenor Mews. [Gents Mag., May 1805]

Smith & Tyler, Boston, Lincs., cm and u (1819–35). Listed at Silver St, 1819, and Pump Sq., 1822–35. The directory of 1835 lists the business as St John Tyler of Boston. [D]

Smithers, —, Deal, Kent, cm (1811). [D]

Smithies, William, Market Pl., Knaresborough, Yorks., cm and u (1822). [D]

Smithson, John, Hotel Yd, Leeds, Yorks., cm and furniture broker (1822). [D]

Smithson, John, Bondgate, Otley, Yorks., joiner, cm and builder (1828–34). [D]

Smithson, Richard, London, upholder (1714–29). Son of William Smithson of London, apothecary. App. to Thomas Kelsall on 6 October 1714 and free of the Upholders’ Co. by servitude, 7 May 1729. [GL, Upholders’ Co. records]

Smithson, Richard, formerly of St George the Martyr, Middlx, late of St Paul, Shadwell, London, u (1761). Discharged from Debtors’ Prison, 15 September 1761. [London Gazette]

Smithson, Thomas, 5 Redman's Row, Mile End Rd, London, cm and u (1839). [D]

Smithson, William Stephen, 31 Paddington St, London, carver and gilder (1839). [D]

Smiton, Jane, 9 Little Wild St, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, cm (1792). Took out insurance cover of £400 in November 1792. [GL, Sun MS vol. 389, ref. 607343] Successor and possibly widow of:

Smiton, Ninien, 9 Little Wild St, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, cm (1786). In February 1786 took out insurance cover of £200 which included £80 for utensils and stock. [GL, Sun MS vol. 335, p. 359]

Smoothy, John, Clare, Suffolk, cm, u, appraiser and auctioneer (1830–39). [D]

Smyth, James Samuel, Cambridge, cm (d.1817). Died in 1817 at the age of 26. [Cambridge Chronicle, 6 June 1817]

Smythe, James, Church Lane, South Molton, Devon, cm (1830). [D]

Smythurst, Robert, Litchfield St, Soho, London, cm (1725). [Heal]

Snaith, William, Northgate, Darlington, Co. Durham, joiner and cm (1827–34). [D]

Snape, John, 48 Upper Rathbone Pl., London, chairmaker (1808–09). [D]

Snape, Joseph, 21 Paul St, Finsbury Sq., London, cm (1808–22). [D]

Snape, Thomas, Birmingham, cm (1816–30). At Temple St and later Smallbrook St in 1816, and 86 Smallbrook St from 1818. Also listed as an u in 1828. [D]

Snelgrove, W. & J., East St, Southampton, Hants., cm (1839). [D]

Snell, Frederick, 3 Myddleton St, Clerkenwell, London, carver and gilder (1839). [D]

Snell, John, West St, Bridport, Dorset, cm (1840). [D]

Snell, Robert, London, looking-glass manufacturer, print seller, carver and gilder (1800–25). In partnership with Robert Scholey, 1800–c. 1811 at 69 Sun St, Bishopsgate. Recorded alone at 98 Holborn Hill, 1808–25. In April 1809 took out insurance of £500 on his premises of which £250 was for utensils and stock. On the same day he also took out insurance on 69 Sun St for £450 with £350 for utensils and stock. Both addresses were described as his dwelling house. [D; GL, Sun MS vol. 447, refs 830314–15] See Robert Scholey.

Snell, William, London, u (1788–d. by 1839). Traded as William Snell from 1788–1817 although one directory of 1794 lists the business as Snell & Wright. From 1819 the business was William & Edward Snell. At 15 Hanover St, Long Acre from 1788–1821, but by 1823 had moved to 27 Albemarle St. From 1835 premises at 1 Belgrave New Rd were used in addition to those in Albemarle St. William Snell was included in the list of master cabinet makers in Sheraton's Cabinet Dictionary, 1803. In February 1792 he took out insurance cover of £300 on his property at 13 Hanover St (possibly an error in the number) and 1 Lower Sloane St. The architect John Buonarotti Papworth was concerned with repairs to 24 Berkeley Sq. for William & Edward Snell from 1822–23 and also with their workshop at Belgrave Rd, 1829–35. By the 1820s the firm was noted for the production of furniture in the French taste and was mentioned in the April 1822 issue of Ackermann's Repository of Arts in this connection. The furniture plate for this month was of a secretaire bookcase based on a French design and this may have been supplied to Ackermann by Snell. William Snell was dead by 1839 when a lease on the Albemarle St premises were renewed for twenty one years in the name of Edward Snell.

A number of Snell's customers are known. In 1837 two rosewood whatnots were supplied to Buckingham Palace at a cost of £33 12s. They were described as having ‘statuary tops, each with three shelves supported on turned columns, with framed backs and three silvered plates with gilt mouldings’. On 31 December of the same year ‘an Easy Chair finished in mat & Burnished Gold in fine canvas’ was supplied to Windsor Castle at £7 10s. On the accession of Queen Victoria they rented furniture for use at Kensington Palace prior to the move to Buckingham Palace. Snell's men worked from 20–24 June arranging the Vestibule and Saloon for the Council. Snell also moved a bedstead from Claremont, Surrey, and furniture from Kensington Palace to Buckingham Palace apart from redecorating the State Apartments between 30 October and 5 November 1837. In addition to work for the Royal Household Snell attracted patrons from the aristocracy and gentry. In July 1797 Sir John Geers Cotterell of Garnons, near Hereford and Hereford St, London paid an upholstery bill of £70 to a Snell, probably this maker. Between 1821–23 Lady O. B. Sparrow expended with ‘Snell upholsterer’ £324 10s 8d in connection with work at Brampton House, Hunts. [D; GL, Sun MS vol. 382, ref. 596347; Colvin, Dictionary of British Architects, p. 619; PRO, C13/433/50; Marylebone Lib., deed 103/4; Windsor Royal Archives, account bks 1833–41; PRO, LC11/98; Herefs. RO, Garnons W69/III/180; Cambs. RO (Huntingdon), DDM 16/5]

Snell, William, parish of St Mary Major, Exeter, Devon, journeyman cm (1803–d.1825). Included in a Militia Census of 1803. Married in January 1808 Miss Salter of Honiton, Devon. In June 1825 drowned as a result of a boating accident and left a widow and several children unprovided for. [Exeter Flying Post, 14 January 1808, 16 June 1825]

Snelling, John, Wolborough St, Newton Abbott, Devon, cm (1830). [D]

Snellock, Mordante, London, u (1667). In 1667 responsible for supplying ‘a bed of blew Damask and hanging the Bedchambers of our Dearest consort the Queene’ for which £112 10s was charged. [PRO, LC5/40]

Snewin, William, Market St, Worthing, Sussex, cm, u, paperhanger and undertaker (1839–40). At Market St in 1839 but in 1845 at 6 Brighton Rd as a builder and undertaker [D]

Snoddon, Joseph, Compton St, London, cm (1784). [Westminster poll bk]

Snook, James, St Paul's Sq., Bedford, cm and u (1830). [D]

Snook, Jane, Rochester, Kent, u (1761). In 1761 took app. named Snook. [S of G, app. index]

Snook, Robert snr, High East St, Dorchester, Dorset, u (1725– d.1747). In May 1725 insured his goods and merchandise for £500. Had six sons and a daughter. His eldest son Samuel traded as an u in the town, the second eldest, Joshua, took up the law; and Robert, the next eldest, also became an u in Dorchester. [GL, Sun MS vol. 20, ref. 35977; Dorset RO, DA/W/1747/24]

Snook, Robert jnr, Dorchester, Dorset, u and appraiser (1775). Son of Robert Snook snr. In 1775 took out insurance cover of £800 which included £400 for his utensils and stock. [GL, Sun MS vol. 239, p. 100]

Snook, Samuel, Dorchester, Dorset, u and appraiser (1755–93). Eldest son of Robert Snook snr. Free 1755 but as this was seven years after the death of his father he may not have been his immediate successor in business. Bankrupt, Gents Mag., November 1766, but re-established his business and in May 1785 drew up an inventory of the household goods of Joseph Hardy of Martinstown, Dorset. [D; Mayo & Gould, Municipal Records of … Dorchester, 1908, p. 432; The Antique Dealer and Collector's Guide, September 1978]

Snook, Samuel, 82 East St, Manchester Sq., London, u etc. (1820–27). [D]

Snook, William, parish of St Thomas, Bristol, u (1739). [Poll bk]

Snow, John, Salisbury, Wilts., cm (1729–57). On 30 October 1729 John Snow took Stephen Lambert, son of Stephen Lambert, as app. for a premium of £21. Subsequent apps were taken in the names of John and Thomas Snow and included John Hodson in 1755 and Mathew Jay in 1756. In 1756 the business was listed as Thomas Snow & Co. but in the following year as John & Thomas Snow once again. [Wilts. Apps and their Masters; S of G, app. index] See Thomas Snow, Salisbury.

Snow, John, Stamford, Lincs., u and cm (1805–08). [D]

Snow, John, 2 Middletown Buildings, Foley Pl., London, cm and u (1827). [D]

Snow, Robert, King St, South Molton, Devon, u and cm (1838). [D]

Snow, Thomas, Salisbury, Wilts., cm (1753–77). Son of John Thomas and in partnership with his father 1755–57 although some commissions as early as 1753 are in his name only. Supplied drawing room chairs, sofa etc. to Longford Castle, Wilts. in 1755 at a cost of £28. His name also appears in the account bks for this house from July 1768 to November 1777. The amounts received over this period totalled £127 1s 6d. Thomas Snow also provided mahogany tables for Henry Hoare for which he was paid £2 12s(?) on 29 September 1753. [C. Life, 26 December 1931; V&A archives; Wilts. RO, 383/6] See John Snow, Salisbury.

Snow, Thomas snr, Stamford, Lincs., u (b.1751–d.1813). Freeman of Stamford 1780 and became a Capital Burgess of the Borough 1785 and Alderman in 1801. Took as apps Thomas Wortley on 12 September 1785 and Spencer Marquis on 27 May 1807, the latter paying a premium of £50. Died on 23 December 1813 aged 62 as recorded on a tablet which was formerly in the now redundant church of St Michael. The business was substantial by provincial standards with an insurance cover in 1791 of £1,200 of which £900 was for utensils and stock. Payments for work by a Snow, probably this craftsman, are recorded in the Heathcote account bks, 1795–98. On 12 December 1795 he was paid for a bed and bedding for the groom £20 14s 1d, a further £8 4s 5½d on 29 January 1797 for ‘carriage for upholsters work’ and £4 14s on 7 December 1798 for a bill. [D; Stamford Town Hall Bks, Box 2A/1/4; GL, Sun MS vol. 375, p. 371; vol. 388, p. 391; vol. 391, p. 385; Lincoln RO, 3 ANC 6/20, 3 ANC 6/380, 3 ANC 6/24]

Snow, Thomas jnr, Stamford, Lincs., u (1805–35). Free 1805 by patrimony as the son of Thomas Snow snr. Still alive in 1835 but it is uncertain to what extent he carried on the trade of upholsterer. He is recorded in a poll bk of 1809 but he may not have taken over his father's business on his death in 1813. [Poll bk; Stamford Town Hall Bks, Box 6/1/1–2]

Snow, Thomas, Birstwith, Yorks., clock and cm (1823). [D]

Snowden, George, London, cm, u and chairmaker (1827–39). At Wellington Pl., Stepney Fields in 1827 and 5 Crown Row, Mile End Rd in 1839. [D]

Snowden, John, Botchardgate, Carlisle, Cumb., joiner and cm (1810). [D] See Thomas Snowden at this address.

Snowden, John William, Stepney Green, London, cm, u and chairmaker (1812–27). In 1812 at 9 Clare Hall Row, Stepney Green but in 1827 the address is listed simply as Stepney Green. In January 1812 took out insurance cover of £300 which included £200 for utensils and stock. At that date appears to have been living in the house of his father. [D; GL, Sun MS vol. 457, ref. 867170]

Snowden, Joshua, Leeds, Yorks., cm (1828–34). Listed at West St in 1828 and 54 George St in 1834. [D]

Snowden, Thomas, Botchergate, Carlisle, Cumb., joiner/cm (1811). [D] See John Snowden at this address.

Snowden, Thomas, Water Lane, Richmond, Surrey, cm/chairmaker (1826). [D]

Snowdon (or Snowden), Robert, near the Church, Northallerton, Yorks., cm (1821–40). In 1840 listed as Robert Snowdon jnr, but an earlier trade label states ‘Snowden & Son’ suggesting that both father and son named Robert were involved in the business. Appear to have marked their furniture on a regular basis, and a number of items are recorded in early 19th-century styles. These include a sarcophagus-shaped cellaret on lion paw feet, a Davenport with sliding top, a writing box, a washstand (Cannon Hall, Barnsley, Yorks.) a bedside table (Kirklees Museums) and a chest of drawers. All are mahogany items of relatively plain functional form. The Davenport was supplied to a Mr Hayes who apparently lived at Whitby, Yorks, and the invoice dated 21 September 1821 indicates that this item cost £8 8s (Figs 26–28). [D; Sotheby's, 6 March 1970, lot 98; Antique Dealer and Collector's Guide, October 1980, p. 15; C. Life, 3 October 1974, pp. 932–33; Tennants of Richmond, 29 May 1980, lot 396]

Snowdon, Thomas, West St, Oldham, Lancs., joiner and cm (1825). [D]

Snowdon, Thomas, Haltwhistle, Northumb., joiner and cm (1827). [D]

Snowdon, Thomas, Market Pl., Bishop Auckland, Co. Durham, joiner and cm (1827–28). [D]

Snowdon, Thomas, Butchery Lane, Grimsby, Lincs., joiner and cm (1835). [D]

Snowdon, William, Grimsby, Lincs., cm, u and joiner (1822–35). Recorded at High St, 1822–28 and Bull Ring in 1835. [D]

Snowton & Son, 94 Golden Lane, Barbican, London, cm (1839). [D]

Snoxell, Armini, London, upholder (1752–62). Son of Edward Snoxell of Hampstead, farrier. App. to Timothy Matthew, skinner on 3 March 1752. Free of the Upholders’ Co. under the terms of the 1750 Upholders’ Act, 7 October 1762. [GL, Upholders’ Co. records]

Snoxell, William, London, cm (1793–1802). At 34 Wilderness Lane, Salisbury Ct in April 1793 where he took out insurance of £200 which included £150 for utensils and stock. In May 1802 at 84 and 85 Dorset St, Salisbury Sq., Fleet St, and insurance cover had risen to £500 of which half was for utensils and stock. [GL, Sun MS vol. 395, p. 131; vol. 424, ref. 730945]

Snuggs, J., Minories, Tower Hill, London, upholder and cm (1817). [Heal]

Snuggs, John, 27 Mint St, Southwark, London, cm, u and frame maker (1817–29). In 1829 listed as H. Snuggs but this may be an error. Shown as a cm in 1817 and 1829, but in 1820 and 1826 as a frame maker and looking-glass maker. [D]

Soame, Henry Thomas, Fakenham, Norfolk, u and cm (1839). One directory of 1839 gives the address as Oak St and another as Market Pl. [D]

Soames, Charles, London, cm (1818). Freeman of Gt Yarmouth, Norfolk, working in London. [Gt Yarmouth poll bk]

Soans (or Soanes), William, London, cm (1820–40). Freeman of Gt Yarmouth, Norfolk, living in London. [Gt Yarmouth poll bk]

Soar, George, Derby, chair turner (1800–07). On 4 December 1800 took as app. Ann Hudson. The apprenticeship was annulled in 1807 because of his ill-treatment of the child. [App. rolls]

Soar, Michael, 69 Kingsland Rd, London, cm (1820). [D] Succeeded by:

Soar, Richard, Kingsland Rd, London, cm and u (1821–39). The number in Kingsland Rd was 69 from 1821–29 but 67 in 1839. In December 1821 took out insurance cover of £550 which included £170 for utensils and stock in the house, £80 for a shop behind, £70 for stock kept there and £70 for stock kept in an open yard. [D; GL, Sun MS vol. 490, ref. 987093]

Soath, John, Canterbury, Kent, cm (1759). In 1759 took app. named Castle. [S of G, app. index]

Socket, Jeremiah, King's Lynn, Norfolk, chairmaker (1704–05). Eldest son of Henry Socket and free 1704–05 by patrimony. [Freemen rolls]

Soederberg (or Sonderberg), Thomas, Tottenham Ct Rd, London, cm and ‘ebonist’ (1789–98). At 16 Tottenham Ct Rd in 1789 but at 19 in 1793–94. Bankrupt, Liverpool Advertiser, 14 May 1798. In November 1792 supplied ‘inlaid tables’ for Francis, 5th Duke of Bedford, for Bedford House, London at a cost of £28. Payments were made to Soederberg in connection with the furnishing of Broadlands, Hants. by the 2nd Viscount Palmerston. [D; Bedford Office, London; C. Life, 29 January 1981, p. 290]

Soffe, William, 380, Strand, London, carver and gilder (1839). [D]

Solby, William, London, upholder (1719–26). Son of Samuel Solby of the parish of St Paul, Shadwell, baker. App. to William Shepard on 15 April 1719 and free of the Upholders’ Co. by servitude, 6 July 1726. [GL, Upholders’ Co. records]

Soldan, Francis, West End, Hampstead, London, cm (1766). [Heal]

Sollicey (or Sollier), Amboise, address unknown, u (1789–92). employed by the Royal Household. On 5 April 1789 he was paid £76 or 146 days work as an u, the amount being declared as his ‘salary’ to 5 April. He received four further payments of £47 10s each during 1790–91, one for each quarter, suggesting continuous employment on a long-term basis. A further payment of £100 was made in August 1792 followed by another of £35 12s 6d to ‘Sollier — Tapassier’. [Windsor Royal Archives, RA 88748, 88756, 88764, 88773, 88812, 88821]

Sollis, John, 21 Frogmore St, Bristol, cm (1830). [D]

Solly, Isaac, London, upholder (1756–73). Son of Thomas Solly of Faversham, Kent, linen draper. App. to Michael Bradshaw on 2 September 1756 and free of the Upholders’ Co. by servitude, 2 February 1764. He took as app. Richard Wylde, 1765–73. [GL, Upholders’ Co. records]

Solly, William Raymant, Dover and Canterbury, Kent, carver and gilder (1826–39). At Stroud St, Dover in 1826 but from 1829–37 at Snargate St, the number being given as 115 in 1832. Moved to Canterbury either late 1837 or early 1838 and was at 2 Burgate St, 1838–39. [D; Dover poll bks]

Soloman, John, Norwich, cm (1802–25). Son of Philip Soloman, shuttle maker; admitted freeman on 29 May 1802 and his son Joshua Edward Soloman on 22 January 1825. Living in the parish of St Peter Mancroft in 1806 and 1818, but the parish of St Stephen in 1812. [Freemen reg.; poll bks]

Soloman, Samuel, 70 Suffolk St, Birmingham, cm and u (1830). [D]

Solomans, M., 16 Strand, London, carver and gilder (1799). [D]

Solomon, Abraham, Gt Queen St, London, furniture broker (1839). A number of late Georgian pieces of furniture are known with a stamped inscription ‘A. SOLOMON 55 Gt. QUEEN St.’. Some record the address as 59 Gt Queen St. No cabinetmaker corresponding to this description can be found in London directories, but an Abraham Soloman was trading at 23 Little Queen St in 1839 as a furniture broker. It is highly likely that furniture so marked passed through his hands and was sold by him as secondhand items. [D; V&A archives; Phillips’, 3 March 1964, lot 96; Sotheby's, 14 November 1975, lot 79; 26 March 1976, lot 90]

Solomon, Barnet, 81 Redcliff St, Bristol, cm, u and undertaker (1829–31). In 1831 the business was listed as I. L. & B. Soloman. [D]

Solomon, Elijah, Castle St, Long Acre, London, upholder, broker, appraiser, cm and bedstead maker (1790–1816). A trade card of Soloman & Brown, believed to be c.1800 exists giving this address. In February 1792 Elijah Solomon took out insurance cover of £500 of which £400 was for utensils and stock. No directory entries have been recorded after 1793 except one of 1826 which lists Eliza Solomon at this address. This may be his widow or alternatively a directory error. [D; GL, Sun MS vol. 382, ref. 596343; V&A archives]

Solomon, Eliza, see Elijah Solomon.

Solomon, I. L. & B., Bristol, cm, u and undertakers (1831–32). A continuation of the business commenced by Barnet Solomon at 81 Redcliff St in 1829. The last year of trading at this address was 1831 and the next year the partners were at 7 Corn St. [D]

Solomon, John, Norwich, cm (1825). His son Joshua Edward free 22 January 1825 [Freemen rolls]

Solomon, Joshua Edward, parish of St Peter Hungate, Norwich, cm (1825–30). Son of John Solomon, cm, and free 22 January 1825. [Freemen rolls; poll bk]

Solomon, Lyon, 194 Whitechapel Rd, London, cm and u (1839). Also listed as a furniture broker at 5 Surrey Pl., Newington Butts. [D]

Solomon, Moses, 67 Constitution Hill and 80 Islington, Birmingham, cm and u (1839). Trading as a cm from the first address and u from the latter. [D]

Solomon, Samuel, Norwich and Saffron Walden, Essex, cm (1812–30). Living in the parish of St Peter Mancroft, Norwich in October 1812 but by June 1818 had moved to Saffron Walden where he was still living in July 1830. [Norwich poll bks]

Solomon, Susanna, Bristol, u (1798). Bankruptcy declared, Exeter Fying Post, 1 March 1798.

Somerscales (or Summerscales), John, Lincoln, cm and clock case maker (1806). His label, or possibly another Summerscales working in Lincoln at this period, has been found on the case of a long-case clock with a movement by Wilson of Stamford (1786–99). [Poll bk; Robinson, The Long Case Clock, p. 343]

Somerton, William, Aldborough, Yorks., joiner and cm (1830). [D]

Sommers, M., 8 Sussex St, Bedford Sq., London, carver (1835). [D]

Sommers, Thomas, 44 Little Britain, Aldersgate, London, carver and gilder (1817). [D]

Sommervale, Adam, Fircourt, Crosby St, Liverpool, carver (1790). [D]

Somervil, William, London, cm (1803). Subscribed to Sheraton's Cabinet Dictionary, 1803. In 1803 George Atkinson and William Somerville published a supplement to the 3rd edition of the Book of Prices.

Somerville, John, Chancery Lane, London, cm (1803). Subscribed to Sheraton's Cabinet Dictionary, 1803 where his address is given as 22 Chancery Lane. Also included in the list of master cabinet makers in this publication where the address was stated to be 29 Chancery Lane.

Somkins, Jonathan, Portsmouth, Hants., cm (1782). In 1782 insured a house for £300. [GL, Sun MS vol. 301, p. 46]

Sommers, —, Carnaby Mkt, London, cm (d.1751). Death announced, General Advertiser, 18 December 1751.

Sone, Thomas, Steyning, Sussex, ironmonger, u and auctioneer (1823). [D]

Soper, —, 30 Richmond Pl., Brighton, Sussex, cm (1824). [D]

Soper, Charles, Salisbury, Wilts., carver (1714). On 30 September 1714 took as app. Henry Jefferys, son of Grace Jefferys by common indenture at a fee of £2. [Wilts. Apps and their Masters]

Soper, E., 4 Blenheim Terr., Chelsea Common, London, cm (1835). [D]

Soper, Elizabeth, Bedford Pl., Exeter, Devon, u (1822–25). [D] Probably the widow of:

Soper, Samuel snr, Bedford Pl., Bedford Circus, Exeter, Devon, cm and u (1791–d.1821). From 1791–1816 the address is given as Bedford St. His name was included in a Militia Census of 1803 and he was then living in the parish of St Stephen. He died in October 1821 after a long illness. His wife Elizabeth appears to have carried on the business for a number of years, specialising in the upholstery side and attempting to sell off the cabinet stock and finished furniture. The first of these sales was advertised in March 1822 and on offer were ‘mahogany dining tables on different principles, some of large dimensions; handsome loo & sofa tables, card Pembroke & other ditto in mahogany, rosewood & satinwood; several commodious dressing stands & tables; wash-hand stands & chamber tables; dressing glasses, with box & drawers; swing & other glasses; large pedestal & other sideboard tables, sofa; four-post, camp & other bedsteads; mahogany & painted chairs; children's chairs; swing cotts of large & small dimensions; mahogany wardrobes; sets of dressing & other chests of drawers; bagatelle boards; a new & handsome billiard table 12′ × 6′ with cues, maces, balls, marking board’. Residual stock was, however, still being advertised as late as August 1824 when a discount of 30% off the original prices was offered. Sufficient furniture still remained however for an auction sale of stock to be held in May 1825 with a further sale of timber and tools in June. [D; Exeter Flying Post, 11 October 1821, 21 March 1822, 18 March 1824; 12 August 1824; The Alfred, 31 May 1825, 7 June 1825]

Soper, Samuel jnr, Exeter, Devon, cm, u and billiard table manufacturer (1819–40). Did not follow his father in the business at Bedford Pl. but set up on his own at 259 High St. The exact date of establishment is not known but in January 1819, when he moved to Bampfylde House, Bampfylde St near the Post Office, he indicated that he hoped for ‘a continuance of those favours he has so liberally experienced since his commencement in business’. He stayed at the new address until November 1825 when he announced a move back to the High St, this time at 253. He had additional premises at 5 Palace St. In 1832 he is recorded living in the parish of St Sidwell. By 1838 he had moved to Salem Pl. and in 1839 was at Queen's Pl., King William Terr. His wife Elizabeth died in April 1822 after a long illness.

Apart from maintaining a general cabinet and upholstery business he specialised in the manufacture of billiard tables and associated equipment. He was in a position to offer ‘A great variety of BILLIARD TABLES, both in number and price…which he can render at from Fifty to Seventy Guineas each and upwards; also SMALL PORTABLE BILLIARD TABLES calculated for Parlors.’ He made also Troumadame and Bagatelle boards, repaired billiard tables and had on sale ‘cues, maces, marking boards & balls’. In November 1830 he announced that he had fitted up a billiard room at 253 High St ‘where Gentlemen will find the most genteel accommodation’. [D; poll bk; Exeter Flying Post, 21 January 1819, 2 May 1822, 10 November 1825, 18 November 1830; The Alfred, 18 March 1823, 9 December 1823, 8 November 1825]

Soper, Thomas, Exeter, Devon, cm (b.1776–d.1814). Died at Exmouth, Devon in August 1814 aged 38. Said to have been ‘a very ingenious mechanic much respected and was to have been married in a few days’. [Exeter Flying Post, 18 August 1814]

Sopwith, Jacob, foot of Pilgrim St, Newcastle, cm and joiner (1801–24). In 1801 announced that he had moved to new premises at the foot of Pilgrim St facing All Saint's Church. This is possibly the Sopwith, cm of Newcastle, who subscribed to Sheraton's Drawing Book, 1793. A J. Sopwith, cm, was concerned in the furnishing of Wynyard Park, Co. Durham for the Marquess of Londonderry from 1820. [D; Newcastle Courant, 13 June 1801; Durham RO, Londonderry papers, D/LO/E 484]

Sopwith, James, Dog-bank, Newcastle, joiner and cm (1824). [D]

Sopwith, T. J., Market St, Newcastle, cm, u and joiner (1834– 38). [D]

Sopwith, Thomas, Dog-bank, Newcastle, joiner and cm (1787–1811). An entry of 1801 refers to Sopwith & Sons. [D]

Sopwith, Thomas, Dog-bank, Newcastle, joiner and cm (1834). [D]

Sopwith, Thomas, Painter-heugh, Newcastle, cm and mahogany yard (1834). [D]

Soroon, William, 17 Kenton St, Brunswick Sq., London, cm (1810). In November 1810 took out insurance cover of £500 which included £130 for stock and utensils in his workshop behind. [GL, Sun MS vol. 453, ref. 850637]

Sotheby, —, 13 Strand, opposite Hungerford Mkt, London, carver and gilder, picture frame maker and print seller (1774–88). Trade card is in the Banks’ Coll., BM. The John Sotherley, carver and gilder, who polled at Westminster of the Strand in 1774 is probably of this firm.

Sotheran & Co., Henry, 36 Piccadily, London, library fitters. Their trade card illustrates revolving bookcases of different sizes priced at from £6 to £7 10s. Offered to fit up and furnish libraries ‘in their entirity’. The business survives as a bookseller in Sackville St, Piccadilly. [V&A archives]

Souch, Frederick, Brighton, Sussex, Tunbridge-ware manufacturer (1824–33). At 33 Ship St, 1822–24 but at 113 St James's St, 1832–33. Described as a Tunbridge-ware maker in 1822, a toy dealer in 1823 and a Moravian worker in 1832. [D; rate bk]

Souch, Webster, 50 North St, Brighton, Sussex, cm and u (1839). [D]

Souden, William, High St, Grimsby, Lincs., cm (1819). [D]

Soulard, Alexander, 387 Oxford St, London, cm (1835). [D]

Soulsby, James, Northgate St, Gloucester, cm and chairmaker (1820). [D]

Soundy, Benjamin, 26 Gracechurch St or 5 Clements Lane, Lombard St, London, u and cm (1770–88). Son of Benjamin Soundy of Virginia St, Wapping, Gent. Benjamin Soundy jnr was free of the Upholders’ Co. under the terms of the 1750 Upholders’ Act, 5 December 1770. His app., Joseph Saunders was free in 1772 and he also took as apps Sterry Marks, 1774–79 and Anthony Batger, 1775–81. His address is variously given as 26 Gracechurch St or 5 Clements Lane, possibly alternative addresses for the same premises. His trade label has been found on the frame of an embroidery completed in 1772. This states that he made and sold ‘all sorts of Upholsterers & Cabinet Makers Work in the neatest manner, Vis^t Bedsteads & Furniture with Wind^w. Curtains in Damasks, Harrateens, Cheneys, Cottons & Checks; Goose & other feather Beds; Quilts, Blankets, Counterpanes Coverlids & Bed Tickings. Easy Chairs. Wilton, Turkey & other Carpets; Mahogany & Wallnuttree Chairs, Look^g Glasses In Carv'd Gilt & Painted Frames Dress^g Glasses in Mahogany or Wallnuttree Frames; Mahog^y or Wallnut^e Book Cases, Chests of Drawers, Writing Tables, Cloaths Presses, Buroes & Tables of all Sorts. Tea Chests, Teaboards, Brackets &c. Spring & all other Window Blinds. NB. Carving & Gilding in the New^st Taste’. In 1782 took out insurance cover of £600 which included £250 for utensils and stock. [D; GL, Upholders’ Co. records; Sun MS vol. 306, p. 231; V&A Lib., T63–1935]

Sourbuts, William, Church St, Ormskirk, Lancs., cm and chairmaker (1825–28). [D]

South, George, Chapel St, Blue Town, Sheerness, Kent, cm (1832–39). [D]

South, Sam., Fulham, London, cm and undertaker (1808). [D]

Southall, Enoch, High St, Dudley, Staffs., cm/u (1818–23). [D]

Southall, John, Beatrice St, Oswestry, Salop, cm (1835–36). [D]

Southall (or Southell), William, Rusholme Rd, Manchester, cm (1825–33). At 27 Rusholme Rd in 1825 and from 1829–33 at no.42. [D]

Southam, Henry, Market Pl., Cirencester, Glos., chairmaker (1839). [D]

Southart, Richard, 8 Leather Lane, Liverpool, chairmaker (1796). [D]

Southee, George, 21 Burgate St, Canterbury, Kent, cm, u and furniture broker (1832). [D]

Southee, John, Canterbury, cm (1778). [Poll bk]

Southel & Wilson, Liverpool (1803). Subscribed to Sheraton's Cabinet Dictionary, 1803. See Southwell & Wilson.

Southell, William, Liverpool, cm (1814–21). At 12 Ranelagh St with a timber yard at 7 Gt Charlotte St in 1814. In 1816 at 58 Lime St. By January 1817, however, he was insolvent. He appears to have re-established his business, however, and in 1821 was trading from 97 Mount Pleasant. [D; Liverpool Mercury, 31 January 1817]

Southeram, John, London, upholder (1758–65). Son of John Southeram of the parish of Allhallows the Great, London. App. to J. Phillips, joiner on 7 February 1758 and then to George Kemp. Free of the Upholders’ Co., 7 February 1765 under the terms of the 1750 Upholders’ Act. [GL, Upholders’ Co. records]

Southern, George, Bond St, Hull, Yorks., cm and u (1826–40). At 15 Bond St, 1826–34 but from 1835–40 at no. 14. [D]

Southerst, Samuel, Edenfield, Lancs., joiner and cm (1834). [D]

Southey, John, 27 Gt Dover St, Southwark, London, upholstery and cabinet warehouse (1826–27). [D]

Southey, Simon, Bristol, furniture japanner (1809–14). At Callowhill St in 1809, 17 Philadelphia St in 1810 at 1 Old Market St, 1812–14. [D] See W. & S. Southey.

Southey, Simon, 1 and 2 North St, Finsbury Mkt, London, japanner, cm and u (1835–39). Shown as a japanned furniture manufacturer in 1835 and as a cm, u, chair and bedstead maker in 1839. [D]

Southey, Thomas, Market Sq., Warwick, cm (1831). [Poll bk]

Southey, William jnr, Bristol, chair manufacturer (1809–25). William Southey was at 25 Broad St, 1809–17, with additional premises at King St in 1815. The discontinuance of the latter address may have been connected with his bankruptcy which was announced in May 1815. In 1819 at 63 Broadmead, in 1820 at St Michael's Hill, in 1821 at 28 Old Market St and from 1822–25 in All Saints’ St. The number in All Saints’ St was 1 from 1822–24. [D; Exeter Flying Post, 4 May 1815] See Simon Southey with whom he was presumably partnered as:

Southey, W. & S., 21 Baldwin St, Bristol, furniture japanners and painters (1805–07). [D]

Southwell, John Aylward, London, upholder (1778–85). Son of J. Southwell of Lombard St, peruke maker. App. to Joseph Read on 6 May 1778 and free of the Upholders’ Co. by servitude, 3 August 1785. An A. J. Southwell of London subscribed to Sheraton's Drawing Book, 1793. [GL, Upholders’ Co. records]

Southwell, Thomas Baker, West Castle St, Bridgnorth, Salop, cm (1840). [D]

Southwell & Wilson, Liverpool, cm and u (1796–1813). William Southwell is shown trading on his own account at 1 Coventry St in 1796. By 1800 he had formed a partnership with a man called Wilson which lasted until 1813. The partners’ shop address is variously given as either 11 or 12 Ranelagh St. Initially they traded as cm only, but in June 1806 advertised that they had ‘laid in a handsome assortment of fashionable Carpets, Printed Furniture, Papers & Feathers of the best quality, as well as every other article in the Upholstery line’. A timber yard was maintained at Gt Charlotte St and was in their possession by 1810. Some directories give other addresses for William Southwell such as 1 Case St, Clayton Sq. in 1804 and various numbers in Line St, 1810–13. These are likely to be the location of his dwelling house. [D; Liverpool Chronicle, 25 June 1806]. See Southel & Wilson.

Southwood, Edward, Rocks (or Rack's) Lane, Exeter, Devon, chair caner (1825–32). In August 1831 a fire was reported at his workshop. [D; Exeter Flying Post, 18 August 1831]

Southwood, James, South St, Wellington, Som., cm and u (1839). [D]

Southwood, John A., 13 Fountain Ct, Strand, London, u (1820). [D]

Southwood, Thomas, 40 Castle St, Holborn, London, u (1809). [D]

Southwood & Martin, 8 Lower North St, Exeter, Devon, cm and u (1830). [D]

Southworth, —, Lancaster, caner (1827–34). Named in the Gillow records 1827–28 and 1832–34. [Westminster Ref. Lib., Gillow]

Southworth, John, Liverpool, cm (1742). Free of Liverpool, 9 April 1742. Also shown in the Preston, Lancs. freemen rolls of that year as freeman of that town but living in Liverpool. [Liverpool and Preston freemen rolls]

Sowden, Joshua, Leeds, Yorks., cm (1817–40). At East Lane (or Eastern Lane) in 1817, 31 St George St in 1822, West St in 1830 and 54 St George's St, 1834–40. [D]

Sowden, William, Grimsby, Lincs., joiner and cm (1826–41). Also toy and glass dealer. In High St, 1826–31 but in 1841 at Smith's Lane. [D]

Sowerby, Mr, near Beaufort Buildings, Strand, London, cm (d.1746). Dead by December 1746 when his household furniture and stock were sold by auction ‘at his late Dwelling House near Beaufort Buildings’. On offer were ‘a large Sortment of Pier, Chimney Glasses and Sconces, in carv'd, gilt and other Frames, variety of Dressing Glasses, Chairs, tables, Beauroes, Chests of Drawers and Cloaths Chests in Mahogany and Walnut Tree, with all manner of useful Household Furniture, Likewise his Silvering Stones and Frames, and other Utensils in the Silvering Trade’. A John Sowerby of London, cm, supplied to a patron, probably the Duke of Montrose a walnut desk, an oval glass and a japanned dressing glass at £5 5s and two further glasses at £2 2s. [General Advertiser, 12 December 1746; Scottish RO, GD 220/6/1238/3, 14]

Sowerby, George, Lancaster, cm (1801–02). [Lancaster freemen rolls]

Sowerby, Jeremiah, Lancaster, cm (1765–1816). Free 1765–66, and between March 1772 and October 1812 took eight apps He operated in the Green Area until November 1802 when he disposed of his premises to Edward Hudson and opened up again at Cross St. By May 1811 he had decided to terminate the business and advertised his premises for sale or to let. The main showroom was 24½ ft by 17½ ft and 9 ft high. Another room used for auctions was 29½ ft by 18 ft and 8 ft high. The attic storey, probably used as workshops, was 80½ ft by 17 ft 3 in. In addition there was a cellar. In September he advertised his furniture stock, tools and timbers to any person desiring to set up in the trade and offered either to take the purchase price in instalments or to take interest on any outstanding balance. His timber stock included ‘St. Domingo and Honduras mahogany’ and ‘american Black Birch planks’. Another address at Chapel St in 1816, however, is given for Jeremiah Sowerby, cm. [Freemen rolls; app. reg.; poll bks; Lancaster Gazette, 20 November 1802, 11 May 1811, 7 September 1811]

Sowerby, Thomas, parish of St Mary Redcliffe, Bristol, cm (1781–84). [Poll bks]

Sowerby, Thomas, 16 Blandford St, Portman Sq., London, u (1809–32). In 1825 trading as Sowerby & Kirkman. Bankruptcy announced, London Gazette, 22 June 1832. [D]

Sowlon, R., 44 Newman St, Oxford St, London, cm and u (1820–27). In February 1820 took out insurance cover of £600 which included £200 for utensils and stock in the house, £100 for a workshop behind and £100 for stock kept there. [D; GL, Sun MS vol. 483, ref. 962851]

Sowman, Richard, Savile St, Malton, Yorks., joiner and cm (1840). [D]

Sowter, J., address unknown (1752–57). Appears in the Holkham Hall, Norfolk accounts. He was paid £2 8s in 1752 for making eight wheel-barrow chairs for the garden and 11s in 1757 for mending chairs. [V&A archives]

Sowter, Robert, parish of St Stephen, Norwich, cm (1794–97). [Poll bks]

Spacey & Wragg, Wicker, Sheffield, Yorks., cm (1814). [D]

Spackman, Thomas, Bradford-upon-Avon, Wilts., cm (1784). Freeman of Bristol. [Bristol poll bk]

Spain, Edmund, 9 Lower St, Deal, Kent, cm and u (1823–39). Freeman of Sandwich, Kent. [D; Sandwich poll bks]

Spain, William, address unknown, cm (1803). Subscribed to Sheraton's Cabinet Dictionary, 1803.

Spane, Thomas, St Giles without Cripplegate, London, carver (1682). [Heal] Probably:

Spanger, —, St Giles without Cripplegate, London, carver (1700). On 5 November 1700 he was paid by the Earl of Bristol for picture frames. He was referred to as ‘Dutch’. Probably Thomas Spane above. [Heal]

Spanton, W., Newport St, London, cm (1784). [Westminster poll bk]

Spark, James, 37 Pilgrim St, Newcastle, cm and u (1824–28). [D]

Spark, John, Market Pl. Helmsley, Yorks., joiner and cm (1823–40). [D]

Spark, John, Allendale, Northumb., joiner and cm (1827–34). [D]

Spark, John, Painter-heugh, Newcastle, joiner and cm (1838). [D]

Spark & Brydges, London, cm (1750–54). Supplied furniture and undertook alterations at a house in St James's Sq. for Peter Du Cane of Braxted Park, Essex in 1750 at a cost of £83 17s. A John Spark subscribed to Chippendale's Director, 1754. [Essex RO, D/DDe A/12]

Sparkes, Edward, near Lyons Inn, Witch St, London, u (1685). In December 1685 advertised that Benjamin Jay aged 24, an employee or possibly an app., had absconded with goods valued at £60. A reward of £2 2s was offered for information. [London Gazette, 17 December 1685]

Spark(e)s, John, Welsh Row, Nantwich, Cheshire, cm (1822). [D]

Sparkes, Robert, Exeter, Devon, cm (1803). [Militia Census]

Sparkham, John, Kensington Rd, London, carver and gilder (1826). [D]

Sparkman, Jas., Middle Bridge St, Romsey, Hants., cm and u (1830). [D]

Sparks, Peter, Church St, Wells, Norfolk, cm (1839). [D]

Sparrow, Christopher, King St, Bristol, chair carver (1795). [D]

Sparrow, Mrs Hannah, Lord St, Liverpool, u (1790–1802). The number in Lord St was 44 in 1790, 57 in 1796, 54 in 1800 and 53 in 1802. Successor to and probably the widow of John Sparrow of Lord St. In September 1802 she declared her intention of retiring from the business and an auction of her stock was advertised. This consisted of ‘Kidderminster, Brussels & Venetian Carpets, Pier & Dressing Glasses, fancy Paper Hangings & Borders, variety of Fringes, Laces & Tassels, plain, fancy & figured Hair Seating, Oil-cloths & a variety of other articles in the Upholstery line’. [D; Billinge's Liverpool Advertiser, 27 September 1802]

Sparrow, J., High St, Watford, Herts., u and paperhanger (1838). [D]

Sparrow, Jeremiah, Holywell Hill, St Albans, Herts., cm and u (1832). [D]

Sparrow, John, Lord St, Liverpool, u (1777–d.1790). The number in Lord St was 54 in 1777, 46 in 1781–84 whilst in 1790 no. 49 was given. Bankrupt by January 1781 and in March of that year a dividend of 10s in the £ was paid to his creditors. By April 1783 he was back in business again and was advertising new stock which had arrived from London. This consisted of ‘Morines Harrateens Cheneys, Bed Ticks, Blankets, & Carpets of all sorts; likewise a very large assortment of the most fashionable Patterns of Paper Hangings’. The death of John Sparrow was announced in July 1790 and the business was continued by Hannah Sparrow, probably his widow. [D; Williamson's Liverpool Advertiser, 18 January 1781, 29 March 1781, 3 April 1783, 5 July 1790] Possibly associated with Sparrow & Blount.

Sparrow, John, Butter Mkt, Bury St Edmunds, Suffolk, u (1783–84). In 1783 married at Wistaston, Cheshire, Miss Alicia Wilson, daughter of the Rev. Mr Wilson, late of Ashbourne, Derbs. [D; Chester Chronicle, 31 October 1783]

Sparrow, John, Butter Mkt, Ipswich, Suffolk, u (1805–08). [D] See William Sparrow at Butter Market, 1824.

Sparrow, John, Bridge St, Chertsey, Surrey, cm and auctioneer (1822). [D]

Sparrow, John, 2 Little Portland St, London, wood and cabinet carver (1839). Two other Sparrows, Christian names not specified, were trading in the Oxford St area as carvers in 1829. One was at 5 Upper Rathbone Pl. and the other at 2 Blenheim Mews, Oxford St. [D]

Sparrow, Joseph, Chertsey, Surrey, cm and u (1793–1827). Took an app. John Richman Webb in May 1811 who remained with him until February 1815. [D; GL, P83/MRYI/873/(122)]

Sparrow, Phillis, Watford, Herts., cm (1839). [D]

Sparrow, Robert, London, upholder (1720–31). Son of Samuel Sparrow of Hopton, Suffolk, yeoman. App. to Daniel Woodroffe on 4 January 1720 and free of the Upholders’ Co. by servitude, 2 June 1731. [GL, Upholders’ Co. records]

Sparrow, Samuel, London, u (1809–14). At Old Cavendish St, 1809–11 but in that year moved to 12 Store St. One directory of 1813 gives the address as 39 Alfred Pl., Bedford Sq. but it is likely that he was referring to the same premises. In 1803 a Samuel Sparrow, u, subscribed to Sheraton's Cabinet Dictionary. [D]

Sparrow, Thomas, 19 Charterhouse Lane, London, cm (1781– 93). In 1781 took out insurance cover of £100 which included £20 for utensils and stock. [D; GL, Sun MS vol. 289, p. 330]

Sparrow, William, Smith St, Warwick, carver and gilder (1822). [D]

Sparrow, William, Butter Mkt, Ipswich, Suffolk, cm, u and auctioneer (1824). [D] See John Sparrow at Butter Mkt, 1805.

Sparrow & Blount, Castle Ditch, Liverpool, u (1777). A John Sparrow trading as an u was in Lord St from 1777. [D]

Sparrow & Ravenhill, 87 Bartholomew Close, London, cm (1789–93). [D]

Spaven, Simpson, Old Malton, Yorks., joiner and cm (1840). [D]

Speakeman, John, 1 William St, Olive St, Liverpool, cm (1829). [D]

Speakman, Henry, 10 Pepper St, Liverpool, cm (1818). [D]

Spear, Hugh, address unknown, cm (1754). Subscribed to Chippendale's Directory, 1754. Possibly related to John and George Speer whose designs reflect Director, plates.

Speare, George, 113 Aldersgate St, London, cm, u, auctioneer, appraiser and undertaker (1835–37). [D]

Speare, James, London, carver (1775). Partner with George Mackery. Used addresses at 16 Princes St, Drury Lane and John St, Golden Sq. At the former address insurance cover was £300 but this included household property as well as utensils and stock. At the latter address no trade stock or tools were covered by the £250 insurance cover. [GL, Sun MS vol. 236, refs 349458, 349460]

Speare, James, 22 St Ann's Ct, Soho, London, cm (1786–1808). In 1786 subscribed to George Richardson's Treatise on the Five Orders of Architecture. [D; Westminster poll bk]

Spearing, David, Shaftesbury, Dorset, joiner and cm (1761). In 1761 took app. named Cooper. [S of G, app. index]

Spearing, John, London, cm (1722–23). Paid £1 1s for an oval table for Hicks Hall. [Winterthur, Delaware, Symonds papers, 75×69.29]

Spearing, Perrias, Blandford, Dorset, u (d.1747). Died in 1747 without issue. Reversion to Samuel Marsh of Blandford, u. [Dorset RO, DA/W/1747/5]

Spearman, Mr, Derbeigh St, Spitalfields, London, u (1776). In January 1776 his premises in Derbeigh St were ‘entirely consumed’ by fire. [Gents Mag., January 1776]

Speck, John, Hessle, near Hull, Yorks., joiner and cm (1826). [D]

Spedding, Snowden, Trinity Buildings, Richmond, York., u (1823). [D]

Spedding, Thomas, 14 High Rd, Knightsbridge, London, u (1838). [D]

Spedding, William, James St, Whitehaven, Cumb., joiner/cm (1811). [D]

Speechly, James, King's Lynn, Norfolk, cm (1774–75). Free 1774–75 by servitude to Thomas West, cm. [Freemen rolls]

Speed, Joseph, London, upholder (1753). Son of Joseph Speed, freeman of London and a member of the Haberdashers’ Co. Joseph Speed jnr was free of the Upholders’ Co. under the terms of the 1750 Upholders’ Act, 22 November 1753. [GL, Upholders’ Co. records]

Speed, William, Nantwich, Cheshire, cm (1787). Married on 28 May 1787. [PR (marriage)]

Speer, George, ‘The Seven Stars’, 2 Gt Tower St, London, cm and u (b.1736–d. 1802). Free of the London Upholders’ Co., 6 March 1771 under the terms of the 1750 Upholders’ Act. Does not appear in London directories until 1777. His trade card states that he made and sold ‘Desks & Book Cases, Chests of Drawers, Poureaus & all Sorts of Looking Glass frames. Also Venetian, Spring & all other sorts of Window Blinds, Mahogany, Walnut-tree & other Chairs Breakfast, Dining & Card Tables, Tea Chests, Tea Boards, Waiters &c.’. He also sold carpeting and floor cloth, appraised goods and undertook funerals. Initially he may have been associated with John Speer his cousin, who traded for part of the time at the same address as a joiner and cm. The Rococo frames of the trade cards of these two makers are identical. George Speer died in 1802 though his name appears in Sheraton's Cabinet Dictionary, 1803 in the list of master cabinet makers. It is possible that his son, George jnr continued the business.

A bureau cabinet obtained by the V&A Museum in 1980 is believed to have been supplied by George Speer on 30 September 1761 though the original invoice is no longer traceable. This piece of furniture does, however, closely resemble a number of drawings by George Speer which were reproduced in an article by Anthony Coleridge in Apollo. A mahogany kneehole desk and a secretaire bookcase with glazed doors are also known with George Speer's trade label attached (Figs 35–36). [D; V&A archives; Apollo, October 1970, pp. 274–83, May 1972, p. 419; Sotheby's, 1 February 1980, lot 128]

Speer, John, London, carpenter, joiner and cm (c.1760). Cousin to George Speer. Used two addresses, one of which was ‘The Seven Stars’ in Gt Tower St which was also used by George Speer. The other address used by John was ‘The Lion & Lamb’, Fleet Mkt. It is uncertain which is the earlier of the two addresses. The Rococo frame of his trade cards is identical to that used by George Speer. John advertised that he sold ‘Mahogany, Walnut-tree & other Chairs, Breakfast, Dining & other Tables, Tea Chests, Tea Boards, Waiters’ items that also featured in George's stock. Significantly he did not mention large items of case furniture or mirrors, both of which were specialities of the trade conducted by his cousin. John did, however, state that he undertook turnery work and stocked straw hats, floor cloth and mats. [Heal; Apollo, October 1970, pp. 274–83; Banks Coll., BM]

Speer, Thomas, Gerrard St, Soho, London, carver (1749). [Westinster poll bk]

Spefford, William, Gt Chesterford, near Saffron Walden, Essex, cm and u (1826). [D]

Speight, George, 4 or 14 Castle St, Long Acre, London, furniture broker and u (1835–39). One directory lists him in 1839 at 10 Portsmouth St as a furniture broker and he may have moved in this year. Martin Speight, also a furniture broker is shown at 4 Castle St in 1839. [D]

Speight, Jarvis, 86 Long Acre, London, upholder (1778). In 1778 took out insurance cover of £300 which included £150 for utensils and stock. [GL, Sun MS vol. 265, p. 1]

Speight, Jervis, Leeds, Yorks., journeyman cm (1791). Named in the Leeds Cabinet and Chair Makers’ Book of Prices, 1791 as a journeyman in basic sympathy with its contents.

Spence, Ann, 26 Dock St, Leeds, Yorks., working u (1834). [D]

Spence, Anne & Sons, Simpson's Fold, Leeds, Yorks., cm (1822). [D]

Spence, George, Simpson's Fold, Leeds, Yorks., cm (1798–1817). [D] See Anne and William Spence.

Spence, George, London, cm, u and undertaker (1803–17). Subscribed to Sheraton's Cabinet Dictionary, 1803. At Theobalds Rd, 1811–13 and 48 Red Lion Sq., Holborn 1816–17. [D]

Spence, John, Husband St, Carnaby Mkt, London, cm (1774). [Westminster poll bk]

Spence, John, 26 Peter St, Soho, London, upholder (1790–99). Bankrutpcy announced, Billinge's Liverpool Advertiser, 14 January 1799. [D]

Spence, John, Axminster, Devon, cm (1793–1823). [D]

Spence, John, Hillgate, Stockport, Cheshire, cm (1816). [D]

Spence, Joseph, Fewston, near Otley, Yorks., cm (1822). [D]

Spence, Richard, 9 Cromer St, Brunswick Sq., London, carver, gilder and looking-glass manufacturer (1826–39). [D]

Spence, Robert, address unknown, cm (1754). Subscribed to Chippendale's Director, 1754.

Spence, Thomas, ‘The Grasshopper’, Charing Cross, London, u (1660). [Heal]

Spence, Thomas, 66 Mulberry St, Liverpool, carver (1834). [D]

Spence, William, Newcastle, u (1768). App. to Thomas Hunt and free by servitude, 13 October 1768. [Freemen reg.]

Spence, William, Crosshall St, Liverpool, joiner and cm (1790– 1811). At 49 Crosshall St in 1790 and 50 in 1804–11. [D]

Spence, William, Simpson's Fold, Leeds, Yorks., cm and u (1791–1820). Named in the Leeds Cabinet and Chair Makers’ Book of Prices, 1791 as a journeyman cm in basic sympathy with its contents. Subscribed to Sheraton's Drawing Book, 1793. Trading at Simpson's Fold by 1816, the number being 61 in 1818–20. By 1822 the business at this address was being conducted by Anne Spence & Sons. Anne may have been William's widow. Recorded in one directory of 1816 as Spencer, presumably wrongly. [D] See George Spence at this address.

Spenceley, George, Hull, Yorks., cm and chairmaker (1801–17). At Myton Without or Myton St in 1803, Patrick's Ground Lane, 1806–10, New Dock St, 1814–18 and Staniforth Pl., 1817. Took as apps William Wright of Hull in May 1801 and John Haddon of Hull in January 1804. [D; app. reg.] Possibly:

Spenceley, George, Hedon near Hull, Yorks., cm and organ builder (1826–31). Listed as a cm in 1826 but by 1831 an organ builder also. [D]

Spenceley, James, 18 Goodge St, London, u (1829). [D]

Spencer, Christopher J., Castle St, Carlisle, Cumb., u/feather merchant (1829–34. [D]

Spencer, Edward, Chester, cm (1828). In July 1828 he was accused of drunkenness and assaulting his mother-in-law. [Chester Chronicle, 11 July 1828]

Spencer, George & William, 19 Newton St, High Holborn, London, upholders and feather bed makers (1786–1818). In 1786 took out insurance cover of £300 of which £200 was for utensils and stock. [GL, Sun MS vol. 336, p. 357] See John & George and Peter & John Spencer.

Spencer, George, Wellington Pl., Darlington, Co. Durham, u and cm (1827–34). [D]

Spencer, George, 11 Henrietta St, Manchester Sq., London, furniture japanner (1829–39). [D]

Spencer, Henry, Lambs Conduit Passage, near Red Lion Sq., Holborn, London, chairmaker (1722–28). In October 1722 took out insurance cover of £160 on goods kept in his dwelling house, shop and yard. A chairmaker by the name of Spencer appears in the records of Chicheley Hall, Bucks, in 1722 and Holkham Hall, 1728, and may be this maker. In July 1722 he was paid £27 by Sir John Chester in connection with Chicheley and in December 1724 another £8 14s for eight chairs at 18s each and two stools at 15s each. It has been suggested that the important suite of seating furniture now at Montacute, Som. was the subject of these payments made to Spencer but it has been pointed out that another suite provided by a Mr Hodson for the Great Parlour at Chicheley and costing £34 is more likely to be the one involved. Spencer also supplied Holkham Hall, Norfolk with thirteen Windsor chairs in 1728 at a cost of £3 9s 9d and two wheel chairs at £4 8s. These items were listed in the garden expenses. It is not clear that the Chicheley and Holkham items were produced by the same maker. Those for Holkham fit more closely the low insurance cover of the maker in Lambs Conduit Passage. Another possible maker is Samuel Spender of ‘The Golden Chair’, Aldermanbury. He took out insurance cover of £500 on his goods and merchandise in March 1725, and is named in the insurance records as Samuel Spencer. His trade card, however, clearly gives his surname as Spender. [GL, Sun MS vol. 14, ref. 26533; V&A archives; C. Life, 27 February 1975, p. 500; Bucks. RO, Chicheley papers, D/C/2/3 (ii), D/C/2/36 (iii)]

Spencer, J., address unknown, Windsor chairmaker (c.1830). Several chairs which by their construction suggest a North Midland area origin, have the name ‘J. SPENCER’ stamped on the seat edge. Temple Newsam House, Leeds has one such chair. [Furn Hist., 1978]

Spencer, J., 12 Hodgson's Sq., Sykes St, Hull, Yorks., cm (1838–39). [D]

Spencer, James, Leicester, cm (1753–90). App. to John Shipley in 1753 but not free until 1790. [Freemen rolls]

Spencer, James, 68 Thames St, Windsor, Berks., carver and gilder (1824–30). [D]

Spencer, James, Leicester, u (1827–40). App. to John Measures and free by servitude in 1827. In 1842 trading at Humberstone Gate. [D; freemen rolls]

Spencer, James, Knightsbridge Green, London, carver and gilder (1834–40). Listed at 14 High Rd, Knightsbridge, as a picture frame maker in 1838. Regularly appeared in the Royal Household accounts working at Windsor Castle, Buckingham Palace, Kew Palace, Virginia Water and St James's. The work undertaken was of a routine nature involving repairs, re-gilding and alterations. In March 1839 for instance, fifteen old picture frames were enlarged, new corners and tablets added and the whole re-gilded at a cost of £39 10s. In September 1838 the firm was referred to as Baker & Spencer. [D; PRO, LC11/86, LC11/95–8; Windsor Royal Archives, account bks 1833–41; Item 2 Box 1; Joy, English Furniture 1800–1851, p. 187]

Spencer, John snr, Basingstoke, Hants., upholder (1720–32). His son John Spencer jnr was admitted a freeman of the London Upholders’ Co. in 1732. [GL, Sun MS vol. 10, ref. 16237; Upholders’ Co. records]

Spencer, John jnr, London, upholder (1723–32). Son of John Spencer snr of Basingstoke, Hants., upholder. App. to William Hayes on 5 February 1723 and free of the Upholders’ Co. by servitude, 7 June 1732. [GL, Upholders’ Co. records]

Spencer, John, Peter St, Soho, London, upholder (1796). Bankruptcy declared, March 1796. [Billinge's Liverpool Advertiser, 7 March 1796; 2 May 1796]

Spencer, John Liddel, Ulverston, Lancs., cm and u (1828–34). At Queen St in 1828 but by 1834 at Theatre St and Market St. [D]

Spencer, John & George, 18–19 Newton St, High Holborn, London, bedstead makers (1839). [D] See George & William and Peter & John Spencer at this address.

Spencer, John, Clarence Ct, 6 Princess St, Dock St, Hull, Yorks., cm (1839–40). [D]

Spencer, Joseph, King's Lynn, Norfolk, chairmaker (1741). In 1741 took app. named Storey. [S of G, app. index]

Spencer, Joseph, Belgrave Gate, Leicester, u (1788–1826). App. to Mark Oliver of Leicester u, and by March 1788 had opened a shop at Belgrave Gate. Took as app. Thomas Atkins who was free 1826. Joseph Spencer's eldest son was declared free in 1825 but he did not follow his father's trade. [Leicester Journal, 22 March 1788; freemen rolls]

Spencer, Joseph, Lister In [sic] and 7 Old Market, Halifax, cm (1837). [D]

Spencer, Peter & John, 18–19 Newton St, High Holborn, London, upholders and bed mattress makers (1801–27). Successors to George & William Spencer who were manufacturing in the same trade at 19 Newton St in 1786. Initially the address is given as 19 and 20 Newton St, but the property was re-numbered c. 1820 and became 18 and 19 Newton St. In 1824 also listed as wine merchants and in this year took out insurance on ‘bottled stock’. General levels of insurance cover were high indicating a large enterprise. In February 1801 cover for stock of utensils was £750, in 1808 £2,000, 1810 £2,000 and £1,000 in 1824. John Spencer was living at 4 Newton St in May 1805 and Peter & John living at Fallow Corner, Finchley, in 1810. The former property was insured for £300 and the latter for £500. Peter & John also took out insurance on 31 Bedford Pl., Bloomsbury in September 1820. Together with the associated coach houses and stables this property was valued at £1,200. Other properties insured included a house at Tiverton near Bath, Som. insured in May 1810 for £100 and one in Worthing insured in December 1822 for £600. Both were let out. The partners were no doubt well satisfied with their precautions against fire risk for in July 1818 a fire was reported at the Newton St premises. [D; GL, Sun MS vol. 434, ref. 775705; vol. 453, refs 844833, 850625; vol. 483, ref. 970911; vol. 488, refs 980108, 980109, 981837; vol. 493, ref. 999094; vol. 499, ref. 1014656; Gents Mag., July 1818]

Spencer, Richard, London, carver and gilder (1809–26). At 70 Titchfield St, Cavendish Sq., 1809–17, 15 Cleveland St, Fitzroy Sq., 1820 and 17 Carburton St, Fitzroy Sq. 1826. [D]

Spencer, Richard, North St, Guildford, Surrey, cm (1830–31). [Poll bks]

Spencer, Richard, Church St, Hereford, carver and gilder (1835). [D]

Spencer, Robert, Newcastle, cm (1803). Subscribed to Sheraton's Cabinet Dictionary, 1803.

Spencer, Samuel, parish of St George, Southwark, London, cm (1767). Insured three houses tenanted by others for £600. [GL, Hand in Hand MS vol. 105, p. 145]

Spencer, Samuel, Main St, Keighley, Yorks., joiner/cm (1837). [D]

Spencer, Thomas, London, upholder (1733–41). Son of Thomas Spencer of Wishaw, Warks., innkeeper. App. to John Underwood on 4 March 1733 and free of the Upholders’ Co. by servitude, 4 March 1740/41. [GL, Upholders’ Co. records]

Spencer, Thomas, Leicester, cm and chairmaker (1753–68). App. to John Shipley in 1753 and free by servitude, 1768. [Freemen rolls]

Spencer, Thomas, Roscoe St and Leece St, Liverpool, carver and gilder (1835–39). At 27 Roscoe St with a shop at 19 Leece St as a carver in 1835. By 1837 the numbers were 28 Roscoe St and 10 Leece St and the trade carver and gilder. In 1839 only 22 Leece St is given. [D]

Spencer, William, Nottingham, joiner and cm (1776). [Freemen rolls]

Spencer, William, 51 Crosshall St, Liverpool, cm (1796–1800). [D]

Spencer, William, 10 Marsden's Ct, Fennel St, Manchester, u (1804). [D]

Spencer, William, 36 Darley St, Bradford Yorks., u (1837). [D]

Spencer & Catesby, 99 High St, Marylebone, London, japanners and gilders (1825). [D]

Spender, Samuel, ‘The Golden Chair’, Aldermanbury, London, chairmaker (1725). His trade card [Landauer Coll., MMA, NY] states that he sold ‘All Sorts of Cain Chairs Couches Round-Stools easy Chairs made Japann'd Cain Sashes for windows’. It may be significant that the insurance records state that his name was Spencer. He may well have been the maker of a set of upholstered seating furniture supplied to Chicheley Hall, Bucks, in July 1722 and other chairs supplied to this house in December 1724 and Holkham Hall, Norfolk, in 1728. The insurance cover of £500 on his goods and merchandise accords rather better with the commissions involved than the £160 maintained by the other possible maker, Henry Spencer. [GL, Sun MS vol. 19, ref. 35108] See Henry Spencer.

Spenseley, Thomas, Bury St Edmunds, Suffolk, upholder (1697–d. by 1709). Common Councillor on 18 September 1697, Chief Burgess on 24 September 1697, Alderman, 1699–1700, but dead by March 1709. [Suffolk RO, index of Corp. Members]

Spice, Allan, 22 Charles St, Middlx Hospital, London, (1826). In 1835 trading as Spice & Pryer from 30 Brydges St, Covent Gdn but in 1839 shown once more trading on his own account from both the 22 Charles St and 30 Brydges St addresses. [D]

Spicer, Arthur, Tower St, London, upholder (1707–34). Son of Arthur Spicer of Peckham, farrier. App. to Christopher Broughton on 17 June 1707 and free of the Upholders’ Co. by servitude, 11 July 1716. In 1734 at Tower St. [GL, Upholders’ Co. records; Heal]

Spicer, John, London, upholder (1709–d. by 1758). Son of John Spicer of Berkhampsted, Herts., Gent. and father of Mary Spicer. App. to William Burnley on 5 October 1709 and free of the Upholders’ Co. by servitude, 7 May 1718. At ‘The Golden Angel’, Wych St, near Temple Bar, 1724–27, ‘The Golden Eagle’ in Fenchurch St, 1730–32 and in Old North St, 1734. [GL, Upholders’ Co. records; Heal]

Spicer, Lewis, 7 Riding House Lane, Portland St, London, cm (1820). In March 1820 took out insurance cover of £100 on household goods. [GL, Sun MS vol. 483, ref. 964061] Possibly:

Spicer, Lewis, 12 Queen St, Northampton Sq., London, cm (1835). [D]

Spicer, Lewis, 6 Garnault Pl., Spitalfields, London, cm etc. (1835–39). [D]

Spicer, Mary, London, upholder (1758). Daughter of John Spicer, upholder. Free of the Upholders’ Co. by patrimony, 2 November 1758. [GL, Upholders’ Co. records]

Spikins, Benjamin, 26 Mansfield St, Liverpool, chairmaker (1837). [D]

Spi(l)kins, Edward, Wormgate, Boston, Lincs., chairmaker and turner (1826–35). [D]

Spilkins, Jos., Red Lion St, Spalding, Lincs., wood turner and chairmaker (1826). [D]

Spiller, John, Exeter, Devon, cm (1833–38). At New Bridge St in August 1833 when his son John Frederick Heywood was bapt. at St Edmund's Church. By September 1838 at West St when a further son Philip was bapt. at the Church of St Mary Steps. [PR (bapt.)]

Spindler (or Spindlar), Nathaniel, London, upholder (1703–17). From 1703–17 living in a house in the parish of St Mildred, Bread (or Broad) St. This may have been the brick house in Harts Honar Alley, south side of Basing Lane which is mentioned in insurance policies. He also insured three or four other properties in the same area. The most valuable of these with a cover of £400 was included in the policy in December 1703 but was no longer there in December 1710. One of the other properties, possibly his dwelling house, was valued at £250 and the others at £125 each. [GL, Hand in Hand MS vol. 2, p. 668; vol. 8, refs 5111–15; vol. 10, ref. 23895; vol. 18, p. 106]

Spinnage, John, London, upholder (1772). Son of William Spinnage of Gerrard St, Soho, u. Free of the Upholders’ Co. under the terms of the 1750 Upholders’ Act, 3 June 1772. [GL, Upholders’ Co. records]

Spinnage, William, Gerrard St, Soho, London, u (1770–77). Traded as Spinnage & Howard, u and paper hangings makers, 1772–77. In February 1770 Lady Caroline Fleming of Tabley Hall, Cheshire paid a Mr Spinnage, u, £47 15s. This is likely to have been William Spinnage. William's son John was free of the Upholders’ Co. in 1772. [D; Chester RO, DLT/DM 6/2; GL, Upholders’ Co. records]

Spite, Robert, parish of St Mary, Chelmsford, Essex, chairmaker (1732). Son Robert bapt. on 4 November 1732. [PR (bapt.)]

Spittall, Elizabeth, 174 High St, Lewes, Sussex, cm and u (1832). [D]

Spittall, Hannah, 168 High St, Lewes, Sussex, cm and u (1826). [D] Widow of:

Spittall, William, Lewes, Sussex, u (1818–23). Living at Gt East St in 1818 but by 1823 trading from 168 High St. His widow Hannah continued the business after his death. [D; poll bk]

Spitton, Thomas(?), address unknown (1773). Recorded in the Croome Court, Worcs. accounts for the period 29 June to 1 July 1773. He supplied a ‘large True Madame table and stand’, two brass candlesticks for it and repaired a table at a combined charge of £3 7s. [V&A archives]

Splatt, Francis Townsend, Exeter, Devon, cm, chairmaker, u and undertaker (1821–26). In November 1821 advertised for a good workman and in April of the following year announced that he had commenced trading from premises at 171 Fore St and St Mary Arches St. He stated that he had ‘engaged workmen of the first abilities, particularly in the chair line’ and that ‘a number of pattern chairs of the most exquisite workmanship may be seen at his ware-rooms’. In February 1823 he moved to 92 North St and was again advertising for workmen in October 1823. He was declared bankrupt in March 1826. [D; Exeter Flying Post, 1 November 1821, 20 February and 16 October 1823, 2 March 1826; The Alfred, 18 February and 18 March 1823, 7 and 14 March 1826]

Spokes, Thomas, Gold St, Northampton, cm (1820–30). [D; poll bks]

Spong, Owen, London, bedstead and chairmaker (1776–85). At 4 Hatton Hall, Hatton Gdn, 1776–79. In 1776 took out insurance cover of £300 of which £200 was for utensils and stock. In 1779 a workshop, utensils, stock and timbersheds were insured for £200. By April 1785 at White Lyon Ct, White Lyon St, Seven Dials with utensils and stock valued at £100 out of an entire insurance cover of £150. [GL, Sun MS vol. 249, p. 591; vol. 277, p. 123; vol. 328, p. 198]

Spong, Thomas, London, bedstead and bedding manufacturer (1789–1813). At 3 Stacey St in 1789 when insurance cover of £200 was taken out of which £100 was for utensils and stock. At Brook St, New Rd, Marylebone, 1806–09 and 17 High St, Bloomsbury, 1811–13. [D; GL, Sun MS vol. 363, ref. 55602]

Spong, William, Market Pl., Wellingborough, Northants., cm (1823). [D]

Spooner, James Henry, Staindrop, Co. Durham, u (1774–77). Freeman of Newcastle. [Newcastle poll bks]

Spooner, Joseph Henry, Newcastle, u (1774). App. to Edward Coates and free by servitude, 11 October 1774. [Freemen reg.; poll bk]

Spooner, Richard F., Day's Ct, Upper Market, Norwich, u (1836–39). [D]

Spooner, Thomas, London, cm (1802–22). At 8 Charles St, St George's Rd in June 1802 when he took out insurance cover of £100. In July 1804 shown at 3 Charles St, St John's Rd. The total insurance cover was £200 and £20 of this was for a chest of tools kept at the premises of Oakley & Co., cm in their workshop communicating with 8 Old Bond St. Subscribed to Sheraton's Cabinet Dictionary, 1803. In 1808 shown trading at 3 Charles St, Blackfriars Rd, and in 1820–22 at 22 Chapel St, Paddington, Lisson Grove. [D; GL, Sun MS vol. 423, ref. 732614; vol. 430, ref. 764288]

Spooner & Glover, 19 Northampton Pl., Old Kent Rd, London, cm and u (1839). [D]

Spoor, —, North Shields, Northumb., u (1809). In May 1809 advertised for a journeyman u. [Newcastle Courant, 13 May 1809]

Spoor, Amor, Newcastle, cm (1817–38). In June 1817 at Blacket St where he was responsible for the collection of sums due to Devergy Lisle, cm, who had probably recently died. Spoor was at Fighting Cocks’ Yd, Bigg-market 1824–34. Addresses also given at Hanover House showrooms, 83 Newgate St and Scotch Arms Yd, Brigg Mkt, 1834 (also as an u), and at Hanover Sq. in 1838, as a cm, u and joiner. [D; Durham County Advertiser, 14 June 1817]

Spoor, Michael, King St, South Shields, Co. Durham, u (1827). [D]

Spour, George, Northumberland St, Newcastle, joiner and cm (1824). [D]

Spragg, Richard, London, cm (1778–84). At 27 Newgate St, 1778–81 but in this year moved to 98 Leadenhall St. In 1778 insured his stock and utensils for £250 out of a total cover of £400. In 1781 the total cover was the same but utensils and stock was now valued at £200. [D; GL, Sun MS vol. 264, p. 435; vol. 296, p. 109]

Spragg, T., 24 Union Passage, Bath, Som., billiard table maker (1819). [D]

Spraggon, William, City Rd, Moorfields, London, cm and upholder (1790). Bankruptcy announced, Williamson's Liverpool Advertiser, 11 October 1790. See William Prothero & William Spraggon.

Sprague, Daniel, Lower North St, Exeter, Devon, cm (1803–17). Named in the Militia Census of 1803. On 25 December 1817 his daughter Pamela was bapt. at St David's Church. [PR (bapt.)]

Sprague, Daniel, 43 Bedford St, Covent Gdn, London, cm (1810). In April 1810 took out insurance cover of £170 which included £10 for stock and utensils. [GL, Sun MS vol. 453, ref. 844242]

Sprague, John, Sun Lane, Exeter, Devon, chair caner (1825–34). At Sun Lane, 1825–30 and Preston St, 1831–34. [D]

Sprague, Saul, 17 Cumberland St, Shoreditch, London, cm and u (1827). [D]

Sprague, William, Exmouth, Devon, cm (1823–38). Trading at the Strand, Exmouth 1823–30 but by the latter year insolvent. He was imprisoned for debt and in May 1832 was stated to have been ‘lately a prisoner in the gaol of St. Thomas the Apostle, Devon’. In 1838, however, he was trading again from premises on the Parade. [D; Exeter Flying Post, 5 August 1830, 23 June 1831, 24 May 1832]

Spratley, J., High St, Chesham, Bucks., cm (1839). [D]

Spratley, Thomas, 96 Fore St, London, cm and u (1789–93). [D]

Spratt, Martha, St George's St, Canterbury, Kent, u (1805). [D]

Spray, William, Devonport, Devon, cm and u (1798). [D]

Spreadborough, Richard, 11 Coleshill St, Birmingham, cm, u and broker (1828–30). [D]

Spriggs, William, London, cm, case maker, shagreen case maker (b. 1746–1805). Born at Chelmsford in 1746 and app. to John T. Castall of Wood St, Cheapside, London in 1759. Later he established his own business in Old Fish St. A tortoiseshell veneered tea caddy is known in a private collection with a late 19th-century written note attributing it to this maker.

Spriggs, William, London, mahogany knife case maker (1793–1808). At 47 Friday St 1793 and 1 Silver St, 1802–08. [D]

Spring, Adam, 2 Little Portland St, London, u (1821). In January 1821 took out insurance cover of £300 which included £30 for stock and utensils. [GL, Sun MS vol. 488, ref. 976008]

Spring, John, Ballingdon, Sudbury, Suffolk, cm (1830–39). [D; Essex RO, Q/RJ/2/1]

Spring, Robert, 24 Upper Union St, Hull, Yorks., cm (1840). In 1842 appears to have been trading as a grocer. [D]

Spring, T., Grimsby, Lincs., cm (1811). The death of his wife aged 82 was reported in December 1811. He appears to have been still living at this date. [Gents Mag., December 1811]

Spring, Thomas, Loft St, Grimsby, Lincs., joiner and cm (1822–26). [D]

Springall, Cubitt Paul, Norwich, cm (1830). App. to Henry Huggins and free 24 February 1830 according to the freemen admisson reg. The freemen rolls, however, give the name as Cubitt Saul Springate and the date of the freedom as 24 February 1831.

Springweiler, Andrew Barnard, 2 Duke St, West Smithfield, London, cm etc. (1819–39). Variously described as a cm, medicine chest and portable desk manufacturer, u, writing desk and dressing case manufacturer and plate case maker. The surname is also rendered as Springweiter and Springweiller. In May and July 1821 insurance cover on utensils and stock was maintained at £500. Bankruptcy announced, January 1824, but the business was again trading by 1826. [D; GL, Sun MS vol. 486, ref. 980843; vol. 484, ref. 981611; Brighton Gazette, 8 January 1824]

Sprod, Elizabeth, Bristol, u (1835–40). At 4 Langton St, 1835– 37, 4 Cathay in 1838 an 15 Narrow Wine St in 1840. [D]

Spry, Messrs, Barnstaple, Devon, u and cm (1793). [D]

Spry, Charles, 36 Gt Queen St, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, carver and gilder (1835). [D]

Spry, John, Devonport, Devon, cm (1798). [D]

Spry, William, Devonport, Devon, u (1784–d.1796). In September 1796 his death by drowning after an explosion on the Amphion was announced. [D; Exeter Flying Post, 29 September 1796]

Spurgen, James, John St, Curtain Rd, London, wood and cabinet carver (1839). [D]

Spurgeon, John, 39 Holywell Lane, Shoreditch, London, bedstead carver (1808). [D]

Spurgeon, William, 12 Charlotte St, Old St Rd, London, carver, wood, cabinet etc. (1839). [D]

Spurling, Nathaniel, London, upholder (1738–72). Son of Robert Spurling of Gravesend, Kent, mercer. App. to Thomas Goddard on 17 October 1738 and free of the Upholders’ Co. by servitude, 30 April 1754. Took as app. Robert Punchard who was free 1772. [GL, Upholders’ Co. records]

Spurr, Hardwick, Low St, Malton, Yorks., joiner and cm (1840). [D]

Spurr, William, Liverpool, cm (1808–16). In December 1808 married Miss Elizabeth Davey of Liverpool at St Nicholas's Church. In 1813 trading at 64 Fontenoy St, but by 1816 had moved to Williamson St. [D; Liverpool Courier, 14 December 1808]

Spurret, William, St James St, London, upholder (1721–45). Son of Thomas Spurret of the parish of St James, Middlx, victualler. App. to Thomas Gamlyn on 4 January 1721 and free of the Upholders’ Co. by servitude 13 October 1731. Took as app. Thomas Cooper, 1733–40/41. Undertook work for Benjamin Mildmay, Earl Fitzwalter for his house Moulsham Hall, Chelmsford, Essex or Schomberg House, Pall Mall, London. On 10 October 1739 he was paid £2 12s 6d by this patron for a picture frame for a portrait of ‘Old Lord Holdernesse’. Between December 1742 and January 1745 he received four further sums amounting to £64 19s. [GL, Upholders’ Co. records; A. C. Edwards, The Accounts of Benjamin Mildmay, Earl Fitzwalter, pp. 99–100, 190]

Spurrier, Charles, Bristol, cm, u, carver, gilder and looking-glass manufacturer (1827–40). At 26 St Augustine's Parade, 1827–28 but from 1829–34 at no. 25. In 1835 in addition to this address premises at 2 Frogmore St were indicated. At 1 Hammer's Buildings and 2 Frog Lane, 1836–40. Successor to Thomas Spurrier. [D]

Spurrier, John, 101 Leadhall [Leadenhall?] St, London, u (1777). In 1777 took out insurance cover of £500 of which £300 was for utensils and stock. [GL, Sun MS vol. 261, p. 77]

Spurrier, Thomas, Bristol, cm (1774–93). Living in the parish of St Mary Redcliff, 1774 and at 13 Baldwin St, 1775. Later directory entries specify Baldwin St only. [D; poll bks]

Spurrier, Thomas, Bristol, cm etc. (1799–1826). At 11 King St, 1799–1810; Bristol back, 1812–17, the number being specified as 31 in 1814–17; and 26 St Augustine's back, 1819–26. This last address he took over from Nancy Stringer. In 1820 listed in directories as a cm, u, carver, gilder and looking-glass manufacturer. By 1827 he had been succeeded at this address by Charles Spurrier. [D]

Spurrier, William, Bristol, cm (1793–95). At Thomas St in 1793 and 11 King St in 1795. Succeeded at this latter address by Thomas Spurrier. [D]

Spurs, William, Hodgson St, Groves, Hull, Yorks., cm (1838– 39). [D]

Squire, William, London, upholder (1718). In 1718 his app. was assigned to another master as Squire had ‘abandoned home’ and left the app. ‘destitute of all necessities’. [GL, Middlx session bk 761, p. 69]

Squire, William, London, cm and u (c.1730). Two different trade cards of this maker are known. One lists an address at ‘The Three Tents and Lamb’ within Bishopsgate, near Cornhill. [Banks Coll., BM] This states that he made and sold ‘all sorts of Upholstery & Cabinet goods as Standing Beds, Feather Beds, Genoa Damask, Silk Worsted, Fine Stuff Do., Harrateens, Cheneys, Linseys, fine Holland & Calico Quilts with Variety of fine Linnens & Chints Patterns, Fine Turkey, Persian & Segadio Carpets with French and English Do. Fine Flanders and English Ticken Swan Goose & other Feathers with Pillows Dimothy & Cheques for Cases, Blankets, Rugs, Coverleds & all sorts of Silk and Worsted Lace. Paper Hangings for Rooms with Cabinets, Buroes, Looking Glasses & all Sorts of Goods in the Cabinet Way’. The other trade card [Landauer Coll., MMA, NY] gives an address at ‘The Three Tents and Lamb’, in the Poultry. On this card he claimed that he manufactured the paper hangings that he sold.

Squires, —, 7 Hatton Gdn, London, looking-glass manufacturer (1837). [D]

Squires, Samuel, Behind the Hall, St Mary's the Great, Cambridge, u (1840). In 1843–47 the address was given as Sparrows Lane. [Poll bks]

Squires, Thomas, 5 Newman's Row, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, carver and gilder (1835–37). [D]

Squirrell, Robert, Butter Market, Stowmarket, Suffolk, u and cm (1824–39). In 1830 and 1839 the address is simply given as Market Pl. [D]

Stables, William, York, cm (1774–1802). Living at Skeldersgate in 1774, but in 1798 trading at Micklegate. Took as app. Richard Robinson on 9 July 1788, admitted freeman in 1802. [D; poll bk; app. reg.; freemen reg.]

Stace, Freeguiff, Canterbury, Kent, u (1711). [Canterbury freemen rolls] Probably:

Stace, Freegift, London, upholder (1712). Free of the Upholders’ Co., 5 November 1712. [GL, Upholders’ Co. records]

Stace, William Hill, London, u (1830). Freeman of Dover, Kent. [Dover poll bk]

Stacey, Joseph, King St, Golden Sq., London, upholder (1774– 90). Son of Joseph Stacey of Woolwich, broker. App. to Josiah Peacock on 2 March 1774 and free of the Upholders’ Co., by servitude, 17 November 1790. [GL, Upholders’ Co. records]

Stack, William, Cambridge St, Westminster, London, cm (1784). [Poll bk]

Staddon, S. H., Alphington St, Exeter, Devon, carver and gilder (1832). [D]

Stafford, John and successors, Bath, Som., upholders and cm (1787–1837). The Bath section of the 1787 Bristol Directory lists ‘Stafford, John, Broker, Market Place’ and ‘Stafford, William, Upholder, High-street’. The 1792 New Bath Directory lists ‘Stafford, John, Upholder, Appraiser & Auctioneer, High-street’. Billinge's Liverpool Advertiser, 19 February 1798, lists among bankrupts ‘John Stafford, Bath, Upholder, Feb. 27, 28, March, 20, White Lion, Bath, Mr Clarke, Bath’. Robbin's Bath Directory, 1800, has ‘Stafford, John, Upholsterer and Auctioneer, Market-place’. In 1802 the Gents Mag. (LXXII, p. 688) listed the death of ‘Mr John Stafford, of Bath, upholder’. In 1805, however, the New Bath Directory lists ‘Stafford, Mr., 11, Westgate buildings’ and in 1812 it has entries for ‘Stafford, J., Cabinet-maker and Auctioneer, 12 Westgate-buildings’, and for ‘Stafford, John, Cabinet-mader and Auctioneer, 8 Westgate-street’. In about 1814, John Stafford published A Series of Designs for Interior Decorations Comprehending Draperies and Elegancies for the Drawing-Room (18 coloured plates, designed and drawn by Stafford and engraved by W. Smart, Warren St, Fitzroy Sq., London). In a copious preface Stafford mentioned his own apprenticeship to an unnamed provincial u and claimed to have executed most of the designs ‘within the period of the last two years’; he also alluded to the superiority of French taste and bemoaned the lack of design education in England. A Series of Designs was published in London by James Barron ‘Upholsterers’ Brass Founder’ who also had premises in Birmingham: the work was also available at Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme & Brown in London and ‘at the author's upholstery warehouse, No. 20 Milsom Street, Bath’. Milsom St was then the finest trading street in the city. The dedication is worth quoting in full: ‘To Thomas Hope, Esq. Whose Pure Taste and Classical Erudition have so eminently contributed to swell the tide of national benefaction; whose conspicuous researches into the mystic treasures of ancient lore, have rendered The Graces of Grecian Art subservient to the pleasures of domestic life, and directed his countrymen, by better paths, to the distant dome of Attic elegance; the following designs are respectfully inscribed’. Stafford's designs depict window curtains and pelmets; one commemorates the ‘memorable epoch of 1814’ in homage to Wellington. The designs are followed by an ‘Index’ (6 pp.) with detailed technical notes and descriptions. The only known copy of A Series of Designs is in the V&A Lib. Twelve of the designs were reprinted on a smaller scale in Ackermann's Repository of Arts from March 1819 to July 1820: Stafford was there described as ‘an eminent upholsterer of Bath’. The designs not reprinted are nos 2, 6, 7, 10, 11, and 15. In 1823 the Stafford plates from the Repository were reprinted in Ackermann's Fashionable Furniture (pls 3–5, 8– 16), which was later reissued by M. Nattali as Modern Furniture. The introduction stated: ‘It will be perceived on inspection that the present series is rich in window-draperies, for which it is chiefly indebted to the acknowledged abilities of Mr Stafford, of Bath, whose exertions to ennoble the science of domestic embellishment deserve the highest commendation: especially as that difficult and important branch of the upholstery art, drapery in general, requires the talents of the draughtsman, combined with professional experience and taste’. In Gye's Bath Directory for 1819 is ‘Stafford, J, Upholder and auctioneer, 20 Milsom St.’. Stafford continued to be listed at this address (Keenes’ Improved Bath Directory, 1824, Keenes’ Bath Directory, 1826 and 1829, ‘as auctioneer, appraiser, upholsterer, house-agent, and undertaker’, Pigot's National Directory, 1830), until 1833 when the entry in Silverthorne's Bath Directory changes the title of the business to ‘Stafford and Son, Messrs. John’. It is changed again in Silverthorne's Bath Directory of 1837 to ‘Stafford, Thomas & Son’: this directory also includes an entry for ‘Stafford, William, of Stafford & Son, 27 Richmond Place’. [Simon Jervis, Penguin Dictionary of Design and Designers, London, 1984, p. 459]. S.J.

Stafford, Joseph, Lichfield, Staffs., cm (1747). [Poll bk]

Stafford, Joshua, Sawtry, Hunts., cm, gardener and grocer (1762). [Cambs. RO (Hunts.), trades index]

Stafford, Richard, Market Pl., Boston, Lincs., cm (1822). [D]

Stafford, Robert, Adam St East, Portman Sq., London, u (1839). [D]

Stafford, Thomas, see John Stafford of Bath.

Stafford, William, St Botolph's, Aldgate, London, cm (1746). In 1746 took app. named Cross. [S of G, app. index]

Stafford, William, see John Stafford of Bath.

Stafford, William, 13 Theobald St, New Kent Rd, London, u (1839). [D]

Stain, Samuel, Powells Buildings, Pall Mall, London, cm (1749). In 1745 there was a Stane, cm at the bottom of Haymarket, possibly the same address. [Westminster poll bk; Daily Advertiser, 13 July 1745]

Stainer, John, 10 St Thomas’ Broadway, London, cm (1823). In February 1823 took out insurance cover of £100 of which £70 was for utensils and stock. [GL, Sun MS vol. 491, ref. 1001793] See William Stainer.

Stainer (or Stanier), John, 17 Webb St, Bermondsey, London, cm, u and undertaker (1826–27). [D]

Stainer, William, 11 Broadway, St Thomas's, London, cm (1824). In February 1824 took out insurance cover of £100 on household goods. [GL, Sun MS vol. 496, ref. 1014425] See John Stainer.

Staines, Richard, Canterbury, Kent, u (1766–96). Free 1766. Living in the parish of St Mary Bredman, 1775–87. In 1775 took out insurance cover of £300 of which £100 was for utensils and stock. By July 1787 the total cover had risen to £500. Living in the High St, 1790–96. [Freemen rolls; poll bks; GL, Sun MS vol. 236, p. 204; vol. 345, p. 431]

Staines & Carpenter, 5 Ironmonger Lane, London, upholstery warehouse (1794–1812). This firm was included in the list of master cabinet makers in Sheraton's Cabinet Dictionary, 1803. [D]

Stainrod, Samuel, Nottingham, joiner and cm (1805–28). Took as apps James Sparrow in 1805, John Hayes and Richard Dickinson in 1824, Robert Burton in 1826 and William Bilbie in 1828. [App. reg.] Possibly associated with:

Stainrod & Byfield, Derby Rd, Nottingham, joiners and cm (1832). [D]

Stains, Thomas, Market Pl., Canterbury, Kent, upholder (1784). [D]

Stainton, Nathaniel, 29 Drury Lane, London, cm (1821). In June 1821 took out insurance cover on two properties in tenure to others and valued at £2,500. One was at 1 Warwick Pl., Bedford Row, Bloomsbury and in tenure to Tyrell, a carver and gilder. This was valued at £1,000. [GL, Sun MS vol. 488, ref. 980796]

Staley, Thomas, Youlgrave, Derbs., cm (1790). Marriage announced, Derby Mercury, 6 May 1790.

Staley, William, High St, Burton-on-Trent, Staffs., cm and u (1834–35). [D]

Stalker, John, ‘The Golden Ball’, St James's Mkt, London, maker of japanned furniture (1688). Co-author of A Treatise of Japanning and Varnishing, 1688. [Heal]

Stalker, John, Liverpool, cm (1751). Free 16 July 1751. [Freemen rolls]

Stallard, Charles, 5 New St, Brompton, London, cm and u (1839). [D]

Stallard, S., New St, Brompton, London, cm (1838). [D]

Stallard, Thomas, 95 Bartholomew Close, London, cm (1778). In 1788 took out insurance cover of £400 of which £220 was for utensils and stock. [GL, Sun MS vol. 268, p. 116]

Stalley, —, Carnaby Mkt, London, looking-glass and picture frame maker (d.1739). In May 1739 committed suicide by shooting himself with a fowling piece. [Adam's Weekly Courant, 9–16 May 1739]

Stallord, James, 103 London Rd, St George's Fields, London, u and cm (1809). [D]

Stalon, John, Duck Lane, Wardour St, Soho, London, carver and gilder (1839). [D]

Stalvies, John, Newcastle-under-Lyme, Staffs., cm (1830–37). In 1832 at Marsh St. [Poll bks]

Stalworthy, Edm., 3 Onslow St, Hatton Wall, London, cm (1809). [D]

Stambury, William, 65 Thomas St, Bristol, cm (1825). [D]

Stamford, J., 2 Goodge St, Tottenham Ct Rd, London, upholder (1794). [Heal]

Stamford, Jeremiah, Windmill St, Tottenham Ct Rd, cm (1749). [Westminster poll bk]

Stamford, Jeremiah, Golden Sq., London, cm (1784). [Westminster poll bk]

Stammers, Joseph, London, cm and u (1821–39). At 35 Bedford St, Covent Gdn, 1821–25. In February 1821 took out insurance cover of £2,200 in association with William Gustave. Stock and utensils included in ths cover were valued at £500. In 1825 the business moved to 5 Jermyn St and was in this year referred to as Stammers & Co. From that year onwards, however, Joseph Stammers appears to have been trading on his own behalf. His bankruptcy was announced in June 1833 and it was probably because of this that when he re-commenced his business in 1835 it was from a new address, 5 Percy St, Tottenham Ct Rd. [D; GL, Sun MS vol. 488, ref. 976092; Liverpool Mercury, 14 June 1833]

Stamp, E. & Co., 89 Leather Lane, Holborn, London, carvers and gilders (1809). [D] See Stampa & Son.

Stamp, Samuel, Bristol, cm (1817–33). At 112 Temple St in 1817 and thereafter at 65 Thomas St. [D]

Stamp, William, Wellington Pl., Exmouth, Devon, cm and u (1838). [D]

Stampa, Charles & Co., London, looking-glass makers, carvers and gilders (1802–11). At 125 Holborn Hill in 1802 and 25 Kirby St, Hatton Gdn, 1803–11. [D; Goodison, Barometers]

Stampa & Son, 74 Leather Lane, Holborn, London, lookingglass and barometer manufacturers (1804–17). [D; Goodison, Barometers] See E. Stamp & Co.

Stamper, John, Malton, Yorks., cm (1752). In 1752 took app. named Newton. [S of G, app. index]

Stanaway, Ann, Liverpool, u (b. 1725–1826). Worked for ‘upwards of forty-two years’ making bed bottoms for Mathew Gregson. Died 28 September 1826 aged 101 in the parish workhouse where she had been living for the past fifteen years. [Liverpool Mercury, 6 October 1826]

Stanbury, Philip, Brighton, Sussex, cm (1830–39). At Little East St, 1820–21, Cavendish Pl. in 1823 and Cavendish St from October 1824. The number in Cavendish St was 21 in November 1839. Four sons and four daughters bapt. between 1820–37. [D; PR (bapt.)]

Standage, James, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, cm and u (1808–22). At 11 Portugal St in 1808 but at 35 Carey St, 1817–20. Shown again at 11 Portugal St in 1822. Business continued by Thomas Standage. [D]

Standage, John, London, cm (1793). Subscribed to Sheraton's Drawing Book, 1793.

Standage, Peter, Retford, Notts., chairmaker and turner (1830–32). At Chapelgate in 1830 and Old Sun Yd in 1832. [D]

Standage, T., 8 Little Russell St, Covent Gdn, London, upholder and cm (1796). Named as Standage & Son in a recepted bill of 1796 for goods supplied to the Hon. Jasper Drummond of Perth, Scotland. The items paid for were a mahogany wardrobe at £11 11s, a mahogany Pembroke table at £2 2s and a mahogany portable writing table at £1 5s. [Heal; Scottish RO, GD 160/Box 46/ Bundle XIII]

Standage, Thomas, Portugal St, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, cm and u (1826–29). Successor to James Standage. At 11 Portugal St in 1826 but in 1829 trading from both 4 and 11. [D]

Standage, William, High Wycombe, Bucks., chairmaker (1813–31). Three sons and four daughters bapt. between 1813–31. [PR (bapt.)]

Standerwick, G., 3 Garden Row, Camberwell, London, cm (1826). [D] See James Standerwick at Garden Row.

Standerwick, James, Finch Lane, Cornhill, London, bedstead warehouse (1793). [D]

Standerwick, James, Garden Row, Camberwell, London, cm and u (1826). [D] See G. Standerwick.

Standing, —, London, cm (1793). Subscribed to Sheraton's Drawing Book, 1793.

Standish, William, High Wycombe, Bucks., chairmaker (1822). Daughter bapt. in 1822. [PR (bapt.)]

Stane, —, ‘the bottom of Haymarket’, London, cm (1745). In July 1745 named as a person from whom an auction catalogue, the sale conducted by a Mr Pinchbeck, could be obtained. Possibly the Samuel Stain who is shown in 1749 at Powells Buildings, Pall Mall. [Daily Advertiser, 13 July 1745]

Stanford, Edward, 129 All Saints St, Hastings, Sussex, chairmaker and turner (1839). [D]

Stanford, Jeremiah, King St, Golden Sq., London, cm (1774). [Westminster poll bk]

Stanford, Jeremiah, 2 Goodge St, London, cm and broker (1792). In December 1792 took out insurance cover for £300. [Sun MS vol. 389, ref. 607386]

Stanford, Thomas, London, cm and u (1822–27). At 19 Queen St, Soho in 1822 and 3 Windmill St, Tottenham Ct Rd, 1826–27. [D]

Stanger, James, Sevenoaks, Kent, carvers etc. (1838–39). [D]

Staniforth, —, address unknown, u and chairmaker (1758). Supplied to Holkham Hall, Norfolk in 1758 four rush bottom chairs at £1 1s and quilted two quilts at £2. [V&A archives]

Staniland, Joseph, Church Lane, Selby, Yorks., joiner/cm (1837). [D] Successor to:

Staniland, Robert, Church Lane, Selby, Yorks., joiner and cm (1826–34). [D]

Staniland, Thomas, Blackfriargate, Hull, Yorks., cm (1795). App. to Wm Webster. [Hull Packet, 1795]

Staniland, William, Thames St, Abingdon, Berks., cm and u (1822–40). Married Miss Hannah Bloxham of Bodicote at Adderbury, Oxon. on 26 August 1822. Trading in Thames St in 1840. [D; Bodleian index of Oxf. marriage bonds]

Stanion, Thomas, 218 Piccadilly, London, bedstead manufacturer (1789). [D]

Stanley, Bullock, 24 Red Lion Sq., Holborn, London, u etc. (1820). [D]

Stanley, Charles, 40 Water St, Liverpool, u (1767–77). The property in Water St consisted of a dwelling house, shop, cellars and a warehouse. It had a frontage of about ten yards to Water St and one of about fifteen yards to Chorley St or Squire's Garden. There was a yard to the rear. This property was leased by Charles Stanley. In January 1768 he advertised a reward for the recovery of a piece of English chintz window curtain and a piece of Flanders tick stolen from him. His bankruptcy was announced in December 1773 and a sale held of his household goods and upholstery stock consisting of ‘Damasks, Moreens, Hareteans, Blankets & Carpeting’. As late as 1777, however, he is still listed trading at this address in Liverpool directories. [D; Williamson's Liverpool Advertiser, 4 September 1767, 29 January 1768, 10 December 1773, 24 December 1773]

Stanley, Henry, Lincoln, joiner and cm (1752–1806). Henry Stanley snr was probably well-established as a joiner and cm some time before 1752 in which year he took his son Henry jnr as app. Other apps were Thomas Bitchfield Coates in 1753, William Stanley, another son, in 1755 and Francis Fisher in 1764. The Monson archives record a payment of £1 14s to an H. Stanley in 1766 but it is unclear whether this was due to the father or son. It was payment for ‘a mohogney glass case with a frett at top — exclusif of y^e glass £1.4s’ and ‘a staind stool with stufd seat 10s’. Henry Stanley jnr was still living in Lincoln in November 1806. [App. reg.; poll bk; Lincoln RO, Monson 12]

Stanley, Richard, Gloucester, cm (1836). Child bapt. parish of St John the Baptist, 1836. [PR (bapt.)]

Stanley, Richard, Parson's St, Banbury, Oxon., cm and u (1837–41). [D]

Stanley, Thomas, Northgate St, Gloucester, cm, u and chairmaker (1820–39). Child bapt. Church of St Michael, 1830. [D; PR (bapt.)]

Stannage, William, High Wycombe, Bucks., chairmaker (1818). Daughter bapt. in 1818. [PR (bapt.)]

Stannard, Edward, 19 Dean St, Soho, London, cm etc. (1820). [D]

Stannard, Erasmus, 36 Gt Russell St, Bloomsbury, London, u (1813–16). [D]

Stannard, J., 5 St Ann's Ct, Dean St, Soho, London, carver and gilder (1835). [D]

Stannard, R., Elm Hill, Norwich, chairmaker (1818–22). [D; poll bk]

Stannard, Richard, Norwich, cm (1815). Son of Richard Stannard, worsted weaver. Free 9 December 1815. [Freemen reg.]

Stannard, William, London, carver and gilder (1830). Freeman of Norwich living in London. [Norwich poll bk]

Stansall, Thomas, Newark, Notts., cm (1790). [Poll bk]

Stansfield, William, Dunkinfield, near Ashton-under-Lyne, Lancs., joiner and cm (1828). [D]

Stanton, Baxter, High St, Donnington, Lincs., cm and joiner (1826). [D]

Stanton, Edward, London, joiner(?) (1712–16). In 1716 the Duke of Montrose recorded in his household accounts ‘marble tables’ bought in London from Edward Stanton for his lodging in Glasgow. The Edward Stanton mentioned might be the person of that name trading as a joiner 1712–13 and occupying a house and workshop on the south side of Gilbert St, parish of St Giles-in-the-Fields. [Scottish RO, GD 220/6/1168/21–4; GL, Hand in Hand MS vol. 10, ref. 23631; vol. 12, ref. 25602]

Stanton, Edward, Hall St, Spalding, Lincs., cm and u (1826–40). [D]

Stanton, Hammond, Hall St, Spalding, Lincs., cm and u (1835). [D]

Stanton, James, 30 Leonard St, Shoreditch, London, cm and joiner (1820). A James Stanton was trading as a furniture broker at 28 St John St, Clerkenwell in 1839. [D]

Stanton, James, 25 Crown St, Soho, London, carver and gilder (1839). [D]

Stanton, John, Stafford, chairmaker (1765). [Poll bk]

Stanton, John, Chertsey St, Guildford, Surrey, u (1835). [Poll bk]

Stanton, John, 1 Little Edward St, Seven Dials, London, carver and gilder (1839). [D]

Stanton, Robert, Charlotte St, Gt Yarmouth, Norfolk, cm (1805–08). [D]

Stanton, Vincent, Bedale, Yorks., joiner and cm (1840). [D]

Stanton, William, Bangor Ct, Shoe Lane, Holborn, London (1735). On 28 March 1735 supplied ‘two veined Italian marble tables’ which were charged at 4s 6d per ft and came to £1 18s 3d. His account survives in the Alscot Park, Warks. archives. [V&A archives]

Stanton & Wilcoxon, 58 Lombard St, London, looking-glass manufacturers (1796–1820). Subscribed to Sheraton's Cabinet Dictionary, 1803. In 1817 listed as Stanton & Co. [D]

Stanway (or Stanaway), Henry, Ironmarket, Newcastle-underLyme, Staffs., cm, u and appraiser (1822–39). Recorded at 66 Ironmarket, 1822–36, and at 9 High St, 1839. [D]

Stanworth, Richard, 37 Gray St, Webber St, Blackfriars Rd, London, Windsor and garden chair and sofa makers (1826). [D]

Stapells, Charles Robert, Union Terr., St Sidwell's Exeter, Devon, carver and gilder (1827). His son Richard Medhurst was bapt. on 1 July 1827. [PR (bapt.)]

Staplee, Thomas, St Mary's Pl., Stamford, Lincs., cm (1831–35). Recorded as Thomas B. Staplee, cm and u, St Mary's St in 1835. [D; poll bk]

Staples, Edward, 17 Ogle St, Fitzroy Sq., London, cm, u, carver and undertaker (1827). [D]

Staples, J., 9 Lambeth Rd, London, cm etc. (1820). [D]

Staples, John, London, cm, u and mahogany merchant (1784– 93). At 9 Hart St, Crutched Friars in 1784 and John St, Minories, 1790–93. A directory of 1790 listed James Staples at the John St address but this is probably an error. [D]

Staples, John, 2 Pleasant Row, Regent's Park, London, cm and u (1827). [D]

Staples, Thomas, London, upholder (1698). Free of the Upholders’ Co., 29 October 1698. [GL, Upholders’ Co. records]

Staples, Thomas, 143 High St, Chatham, Kent, cm, u and general furniture dealer (1838). [D]

Staples, Thomas, Church Pl., Newington Butts, London, chair and sofa maker (1839). [D]

Stapleton, Ann, 48 Red Bank, Manchester, chair seat maker (1825). [D]

Stapleton, Thomas, 35 Red Bank, Manchester, chairmaker (1794–97). [D]

Stapley, Henry, Tunbridge Wells, Kent, cm and u (1838–39). In 1838 at Russell Pl. and trading as Henry Stapley & Son. By the following year at Mount Sion Rd. [D]

Stapley, John Baker, Tunbridge Wells, Kent, cm (1819–25). Two daughters and a son bapt. between 1819–25. [PR (bapt.)]

Stapley, Michael, Tunbridge Wells, Kent, broker, u, paper hanger and house painter (1813–32). Two sons and two daughters bapt. between 1813–20. [D; PR (bapt.)]

Starche, Richard Henry, 51 London Wall, London, cm etc. (1820). [D]

Starimer, Thomas, Cambridge, cm and u (1826). On 29 December 1826 took as app. James Starimer. [App. reg.]

Stark, Edward, Canterbury, Kent and London, cm (1774–96). Free 1774 of Canterbury. In 1790 living in Shoreditch and in 1796 Hoxton. [Canterbury freemen rolls and poll bk]

Stark, James, 2 Cambridge St, Soho, London, cm (1780). In 1780 insured a house for £500. [GL, Sun MS vol. 280, p. 306] See William Stark at this address.

Stark, Richard, Pulteney St, London, cm (1780). In 1780 insured a house for £400. [GL, Sun MS vol. 280, p. 306]

Stark, William, Poulteney Ct, Golden Sq., London, u (1774). [Westminster poll bk]

Stark, William, 2 Cambridge St, Soho, London, cm (1780–93). In 1780 took insurance cover of £1,000 which included £150 for utensils and stock. In 1786 subscribed to George Richardson's Treatise on the Five Orders of Architecture, and in 1793 to Sheraton's Drawing Book. [D] See James Stark at this address.

Stark, William, Braddon's Row, Torquay, Devon, cm and u (1830–39). Died in February 1839 aged 48 after a long illness. [D; Exter Flying Post, 21 February 1839]

Stark, William, address unknown, chairmaker (1833). On 27 March 1833 charged J. S. Pakington of Westwood House, near Droitwich, Worcs., 13s 6d for an ottoman with a further 5s for packing costs. [Worcs. RO, 2309/705; 380/56/iii]

Starke, James, 20 Stone St, Bedford Sq., London, carver and gilder (1835). [D]

Starkey, Charles, 106 Chapel St, Salford, Lancs., cm (1816). [D]

Starkey, John, 3 Albion St, Windsor, Manchester, cm (1825). [D]

Starkey, John, Lower Town, Altrincham, Cheshire, cm (1828–40). [D]

Starkie, —, address unknown, cm (c.1775). Supplied furniture to Denton Park c.1775 to a value of £2 16s. [Furn. Hist., 1968]

Starkie, Arrowsmith, Chapel St, Liverpool, cm (1766–67). Free of Liverpool, 2 October 1766 but in March of that year had already established his business in Chapel St. He claimed to have been ‘lately…employed in that Trade with some of the Capital Masters in London’. [D; freeman reg.; Williamson's Liverpool Advertiser, 14 March 1766]

Starkie, John, Pembroke St, Liverpool, u (1829–39). At 17 Pembroke St in 1829 but in 1837 the number was 26 and in 1839 it was 19. [D]

Starling, Edward, 16 Dukes Ct, Bow St, Covent Gdn, London, carver (1778–83). In 1778 took out insurance cover of £600 which included £40 for utensils and stock. By 1783 insurance cover had fallen to £400 with only £20 for utensils and stock. [GL, Sun MS vol. 263, p. 437; vol. 306, p. 611]

Starling, Henry, Swan Yd, Westminster, London, cm (1774). [Poll bk]

Starling, James, Birmingham, cm, u and broker (1818–35). At Snow Hill in 1818, Worcester St in 1822 and 21 Edgbaston St, 1828–35. [D]

Starmar, John, St Ives, Cornwall, u (1785). [Bailey's list of bankrupts]

Starmer, Richard, Sidney St, Cambridge, u (1825). Child bapt. at All Saints Church on 17 July 1825. [PR (bapt.)]

Starmer, William, East Harding St, St Bride's, London, cm (1763–78). Fined for declining parochial office in the parish of St Bride, Fleet St in 1763. Subsequently became Collector for the Poor in 1764, Questman and Sidesman in 1765, Questman in 1766 and Churchwarden, 1777–78. [GL, MS 6561, p. 99]

Starr, George, 3 North St, Cheltenham, Glos., carver and gilder (1830). [D]

Starr, Thomas, Cambridge, chairmaker (d.1755). [Cambridge Univ. Lib., AR 3:40]

Start, J., Ashby Rd, Loughborough, Leics., cm (1840). [D]

Start, William, 12 Lambeth Walk, London, cm and u (1827). [D]

Statham, Benjamin, 123 Chapel St, Salford, Lancs., cm (1838). [D]

Statham, Charles, High St, Amersham, Bucks., u (1830). [D]

Staunton, —, Moorfields, London, looking-glass seller (1730). [British Journal, 21 February 1730]

Staveley, John, York, carver and gilder, see William Staveley.

Staveley, Thomas, adjoining St Clement's Churchyard, near Fybridge, Norwich, carver and gilder (late 18th century). Worked in London before setting up his manufactory in Norwich. He specialised in the manufacture of metal ornaments for pier and oval glasses, picture frames, chimney pieces and girandoles. He claimed that his processes were ‘By the KING'S LETTERS PATENT’. [Symonds, Seventeenth and Eighteenth Century English Furniture, p. 158]

Staveley, William, York, carver and gilder (1781–1809). Free 1781 and immediately set up business in Coney St. He took as app. John Staveley 15 December 1781 and by 1793 had formed a partnership with him which was to endure until 1809. Other apps of William Staveley were John Dove who was free in 1800 and James Binnington, free 1808. Soon after the formation of the partnership the business was moved to Stonegate, where directories list them in 1808. Trade card states they could execute ‘every Branch of House Carving in the most fashionable taste. Also Glasses & Picture Frames, Girandoles, Firescreens &c. Chimneypieces made & finished with Wood or cast Ornaments. Likewise a new & curious immitation of variagated Marble for Chimneypieces which has a beautiful effect & takes the highest polish. Composition cast ornaments Manufactured’. After the breakup of the partnership in 1809 William Staveley continued to trade for a time on his own behalf. In January 1795 the partners received a payment of £88 14s for picture frames and other items supplied to Swinton, Yorks. Their trade label is recorded on a simple black and gilt wooden picture frame in the Gascoigne Coll., Lotherton Hall, Yorks. [D; freemen rolls; app. reg.; C. Life, 14 April 1966, p. 875]

Stayner, Robert snr, East St, Blandford, Dorset, chairmaker (1808–d.1811). In 1808 was in occupation of a recently built workshop and maintained a timber yard. On his death in 1811 these passed to his son James with the proviso that a small part of the workshop should be made available to his daughter Luci for basket-making. He had another son, Robert jnr. [Dorset RO, DA/W/1811/5]

Stayner, Robert jnr, Blandford, Dorset, chair and basket maker (1810–18). Son of Robert Stayner snr. Already established in business before the death of his father in 1811 and it was probably for this reason that his father's workshop passed to another son James. Robert Stayner jnr took as apps his three sons, Charles on 29 September 1810, George on 24 June 1816 and Robert on 4 March 1818, all for seven years. [Dorset RO, B5]

Stayward, Richard, Henley-on-Thames, Oxon., u (1756). In 1756 took app. named Smith. [S of G, app. index]

Stead, John, 150 High St, Southampton, Hants., cm and u (1830). [D]

Stead, John, 54 Jubbergate, York, cm and u (1837–40). [D]

Stead, Joseph, 25 Lands Lane, Leeds, Yorks., cm and u (1834– 40). At Chapel St, Hunslet in 1841. [D]

Stead, Robert, Castlegate, Kirbymoorside, Yorks., cm and joiner (1828–40). [D] Listed also at Keldholme in 1840. [D]

Stead, Samuel, Mill Hill, Leeds, Yorks., cm and u (1803–11). In 1803 subscribed to Sheraton's Cabinet Dictinary. At this date he may have been living in London, for in July 1806 advertised that he had been employed there ‘for a long time’. When advertising his Leeds business in July 1806 he claimed that he had ‘engaged excellent workmen’ to assist him. In September 1808 he moved his business to ‘premises nearly opposite, lately in occupation of Mr. Luccock, Wool Stapler’. In his new warerooms he was able to display an ‘enlarged Stock of Furniture’ which included ‘a very elegant, extensive and modern Assortment of various kinds — comprising Patent Dining Tables, fashionable Drawing-Room and other Chairs, Sofas, Squabs’. The business did not, however, trade beyond 1811 for in October of that year John Kendell announced that he had taken over the premises lately occupied by Stead. [Leeds Mercury, 26 July 1806, 3 September 1808, 28 October 1811]

Stead, Thomas, Leeds, Yorks., cm and joiner (1826–34). In 1826 at 5 Bywater Yd, Marsh Lane, an address previously occupied by William Stead, cm and joiner. In 1830 Thomas Stead's address was 168 Marsh Lane and in 1834, 62 York St. [D]

Stead, William, Bull Green, Halifax, Yorks., cm and u (1816– 18). [D]

Stead, William, 48 Marsh Lane, Leeds, Yorks., cm and joiner (1817–22). This address was also known as 5 Bywater Yd, Marsh Lane. Thomas Stead was his successor at this address. [D]

Stead & Atkinson, Hope St, Leeds, Yorks., cm (1817). [D]

Steadman, James, Lewes, Sussex, cm (1818–30). At Eastgate Lane in 1818, but by 1830 this road had been renamed Friar's Walk. In 1830 described as a journeyman cm. [Poll bks]

Steadman, John, Appleby, Westmld, joiner and cm (1828). [D]

Steadman, Robert, 21 Holywell Row, Shoreditch, London, carver and gilder (1820). [D]

Steadman, William, address unknown, cm (1803). Subscribed to Sheraton's Cabinet Dictionary, 1803.

Steaines, John, address unknown, u (1803). Subscribed to Sheraton's Cabinet Dictionary, 1803.

Steains, Cs., 12 Church Row, St Pancras, London, cm, u and undertaker (1827). [D]

Steairns, Mackenzie & Pryor, 30 Brydges St, Covent Gdn, London. See Pryer, Steains & Mackenzie.

Stebbing, John, 24 Ratcliff Highway, London, cm (1808). In February 1808 took out insurance cover for £400. [GL, Sun MS vol. 441, ref. 814246]

Stebbings, T., Watton, Norfolk, cm and joiner (1822). [D]

Stedhall, Hills, High St, Croydon, Surrey, cm and u (1839). [D]

Steadman, James, 42 Mortimer St, London, u and appraiser (1820). [D]

Stedston, William, Long Acre, London, cm (1797). In 1797 took as app. Eliz. Green. [Westminster Ref. Lib., MS F4309]

Steed, George, 1 Elim Pl., Fetter Lane, London, carver and gilder (1808). [D]

Steedham, William, Bramwell's Buildings, Soho, London, cm (1809). Bankruptcy announced, Sherborne Mercury, 24 July 1809.

Steedman, James, address unknown, cm (1803). Subscribed to Sheraton's Cabinet Dictionary, 1803.

Steedman, John, 30 Cirencester Pl., Tottenham Ct Rd, London, cm and u (1835–39). [D]

Steel, —, 27 Union St, Middlx Hospital, London, carpenter and cm (1820). [D]

Steel (or Steele) & Son, 213 High Holborn, London, japanners and u (1803–14). In 1809 described as chair japanners. [D]

Steel, Fletcher, Sun St, Keighley, Yorks., cm and u (1834–37). [D]

Steel, George, Lewin St, Middlewich, Cheshire, chairmaker (1834). Successor to John Steel at this address. [D]

Steel, John, 208 Oxford St, London, u and cm (1793–1802). From 1796–1800 traded as Steel & Little. A J. Steel, u of London subscribed to Sheraton's Drawing Book, 1793. [D]

Steel, John, Lewin St, Middlewich, Cheshire, chairmaker (1828). Succeeded at this address by George Steel. [D]

Steel, John jnr, Liverpool, carver and gilder (1824–34). App. to Charles Cashin in 1824 as a gilder. Trading at Ward St with shop at Wood St in 1834. [D; app. bk]

Steel, Samuel, Stoke Lane, Stoke-on-Trent, Staffs., cm (1818). [D]

Steel, Thomas, 128 Kirkgate, Leeds, Yorks., cm and furniture warehouse (1826–30). A set of six early Victorian mahogany dining chairs have been noted stamped ‘T STEEL’. [D]

Steel, William, 44 Miller St, Manchester, chairmaker (1811). [D]

Steel, William, York, u (1807–18). Son of William Lazenby, yeoman. App. to William Smith on 30 May 1807 and free 1818. [App. reg.; freemen rolls]

Steel, William, Middle St, Ripon, Yorks., joiner and cm (1828). [D]

Steel, William, Ingrow Bridge, Keighley, Yorks., joiner/cm (1837). [D]

Steel, William, West Wycombe, Bucks., chairmaker (b.c. 1791–1841). Aged 50 at the date of the 1841 Census.

Steele, —, St Pancras, Chichester, Sussex, broker and cm (1804). [D]

Steele, Charles, Chester, cm (1831). Free 3 April 1831. [Freemen rolls]

Steel(e), George, Shude Hill, Manchester, chairmaker and fancy chair warehouse (1802–25). At 71 Shude Hill, but one directory from 1821–25 gives 62 Shude Hill, and one of 1825, Scotland Bridge. [D]

Steele, Nicholas, corner of Catherine St, Strand, London, cm (1777). In 1777 took out insurance cover of £300 but only £15 was for utensils and stock. [GL, Sun MS vol. 261, p. 148]

Steele, Richard, Bridge St, Sandbach, Cheshire, chairmaker (1834). [D]

Steele, Thomas, Sandbach, Cheshire, chairmaker (1822). [D]

Steele, William, Salford, Lancs, and Manchester, painter, gilder and japanner (1804–13). At 20 Spaw St, Salford in 1804, 85 Chapel St, Salford in 1811 and 74 Water St, Bridge St, Manchester in 1833. [D]

Steens, Thomas, Chester, cm (1818–19). At Watergate St in May and June 1818 and Union Walk in 1819. [Poll bks]

Steeples, John, Leicester, cm (1834). [Freemen rolls]

Steeple(s), Thomas, Birmingham, cm and u (1818–35). At Gt Brooke St in 1818, 30 Worcester St, 1822–30, and 132 Bromsgrove St in 1835. [D]

Steer, Edward, 35 Hawley Croft, Sheffield, Yorks., cm (1833). [D]

Steer, George, Petworth, Sussex, chairmaker and turner (1839– 40. [D] Probably successor to:

Steer, James, Petworth, Sussex, chairmaker and turner (1832). [D]

Steere, Alfred George, Kew Rd, Richmond, Surrey, carver and gilder (1839). [D]

Steere, John, Southgate St, Leicester, cm, carpenter and joiner (1774). In Leicester Journal, February 1774 announced that he was taking over the business formerly conducted by the late Mr Jennings, carpenter and joiner.

Steet, George, 25 Gt Ormond St, Queen Sq., London, cm (1823). In August 1823 insured his household goods for £300. [GL, Sun MS vol. 496, ref. 1006910]

Steet, James, 29 Everett St, Russell Sq., London, cm (1835). [D]

Steevens, James, High Wycombe, Bucks., chairmaker (1828–32). Son bapt. in 1828 and a daughter in 1832. [PR (bapt.)]

Steevens, John, Oxford St, Birmingham, cm (1800). [D]

Steevens, John, High Wycombe, Bucks., chairmaker (1828). Son bapt. in 1828. [PR (bapt.)]

Steevens, William Henry, High Wycombe, Bucks., chairmaker (1832). Daughter bapt. in 1832. [PR (bapt.)]

Steffenoni, Joseph, London, looking-glass manufactory, carver, gilder, u and cm (1815–39). At 56 Hatton Gdn in 1815 as a looking-glass manufacturer. At 74 Leather Lane, 1820–35 as a carver, gilder and looking-glass maker. At 142 High Holborn, 1837–39 as an u and cm. [D]

Steinfield, H., Warwick St, Golden Sq., London, cm (1750–59). Described in the accounts of Benjamin Mildmay, Earl Fitzwalter as a ‘German Cabinet-maker’. This patron paid him £5 on 18 January 1750 ‘for a Mahogany Campaign Desk and case to send it down into Moulsham Hall’. On 17 December of the same year he was paid 13s 6d for covering a card table, and a further 13s for similar work in January 1752. The Earl of Ancaster paid him £101 18s on 15 May 1754. [Heal; A. C. Edwards, The Accounts of Benjamin Mildmay, Earl Fitzwalter, pp. 112–13; Lincoln RO, 2 ANC 6/7]

Steinnitz, Adam, 30 Gt Earle St, Seven Dials, London, cm (1787). In April 1787 insured his house and household goods for £100. [GL, Sun MS vol. 342, ref. 529906]

Stelling, Robert, Albion Pl., Darlington, Co. Durham, cm and joiner (1828). [D]

Stelves, John, Marsh St, Newcastle-under-Lyme, Staffs., cm and u (1839). [D]

Stenart, —, 315 Oxford St and 115 St Martin's Lane, London, cm. A mahogany table with fluted legs and a folding top has been noted bearing the label of this maker: ‘Stenart invent. & patent/315 Oxford St./ 115 St. Martins Lane’. [V&A archives]

Stennett, —, Boston, Lincs., cm (c.1800). A mahogany chest of drawers corresponding to plate 52c of Hepplewhite's Guide is known bearing the label of this maker.

Stenson, Matthew, London, cm (1793). Subscribed to Sheraton's Drawing Book, 1793.

Stephen, Mr, between ‘The White Bear’ and ‘The Golden Sugar Loaf’, Long Acre, London, looking-glass maker (1702). [The Post Man, 19–21 February 1702]

Stephens, —, Brokers Row, Southwark, London, chairmaker (1835). [D]

Stephens, Edward, London, carver and gilder (1781–1811). In partnership with William Habgood at Gt Portland St, 1781– 83. In Gents Mag., May 1783 the partners were declared bankrupt. By 1790 Edward Stephens had re-established himself at 85 Park St, Grosvenor Sq. as a carver, gilder and paperhanger. He remained at this address until at least 1808. By 1811, however, he was at 212 Oxford St. Attracted some prestigious patrons. In 1781–82 Sir John Griffin Griffin purchased from the partners two gilt frames costing £4 11s 3d. A further small commission for gilding a frame in 1782 was charged at 10s 6d and a large frame bought in 1784 cost £4 2s and three smaller ones, £3 10s. In 1787 a Stephens, probably this maker, was supplying items for Blenheim Palace, Oxon. In August of that year two large picture frames ‘for their Grace's pictures’, two pier glass frames and two table frames for marble tops were supplied, all in gilt wood. [D; Billinge's Liverpool Advertiser, 14 December 1795; Essex RO, D/DBy/A40/3, D/DBy/A40/7, D/DBy/A42/2, D/DBy/A42/5; V&A archives]

Stephens, F., 56 Gee St, Goswell St, London, cm (1829). [D]

Stephens, George, Worcester, upholder (1740). App. to Samuel Bolus and free by servitude, 7 July 1740. [Freemen rolls]

Stephens, George, Brooke House, Brooke St, Holborn, London, cm (d. by 1743). Dead by April 1743 when his stock was sold by auction. This consisted of ‘large grand Mahogany Bookcases, Buroes, Desks, and Desks and Bookcases; Mahogany and Walnut-Tree Chests of Drawers, fine large Italian stain'd Marble Slabs on rich Frames, Corner Cubboards, Dressing, Dining and Card Tables…’. In July 1742 a payment of £2 16s was made to a ‘Mrs Stevens’ cm from the estate of the late Duke of Ancaster. It is possible that either George Stephens was dead by this date or that she was receiving the payment on the behalf of her husband. No evidence of a Mrs Stevens trading on her own behalf at this period can be found. [Daily Advertiser, 28 April 1743; Lincoln RO, 5 ANC 8/2/5]

Stephens, H., 3 Queen St, Grosvenor Sq., London, carver, gilder etc. (1820). [D]

Stephens, Henry, London, u (1808–35). At 4 Upper James St, Golden Sq. in 1808, 10 Broad St, Carnaby Mkt, 1808–09 and 84 Titchfield St, Fitzroy Sq., 1811–35. He took out insurance cover of £1,100 on the Titchfield St premises in December 1811 but only £110 of this covered stock and utensils. [D; GL, Sun MS vol. 459, ref. 864473]

Stephens, Hugh, Ilfracombe, Devon, cm (1823–30). [D]

Stephens, James, Castle St, Bristol, cm (1781–95). At Castle St, 1792–95 the number being 53, 1794–95. [D; poll bk] Successor to:

Stephens, John, Bristol, upholder (1756–81). In August 1756 announced that he had opened a shop at Castle St ‘where he has a great Assortment of all sorts of Upholstery Goods’. Specially mentioned was a ‘curious collection of the newest and genteelest Paper Hangings’. John Stephens explained that he was ‘late Appentice to Mr. John Purnell’. In Gents Mag., May 1767 he was declared bankrupt and this may have occasioned a change of address. His trade card [Leverhulme Coll., MMA, NY] states that he traded from an address in Maryport St. Here he sold retail and wholesale ‘All Sorts of the Newest & Genteelest Paper-Hangings, Also great Choice of Rugs, Blankets, Quilts, Matresses &c.’ The exact date of this card is uncertain. In 1774 living in the parish of St Augustine and in 1781 the parish of St Peter. [Farley's Bristol Journal, 28 August—4 September 1756; poll bks]

Stephens, John, London, upholder (1750–93). Son of Thomas Stephens of Windsor, Berks., innkeeper. App. to Charles Gage on 4 October 1750 and free of the Upholders’ Co. by servitude, 2 March 1758. Took as app. John Smith who was free in 1772. Traded at 71 Fleet Mkt, 1765–70 and in 1765 was fined for declining parochial office in the parish of St Bride, Fleet St. In 1770 moved to 127 Hounsditch at which address he remained until at least 1773. During this period he took out licences to employ non-freemen with as many as twelve being employed for three months in 1772. Some time after 1773 he left London and is shown living at Romford, Essex, 1778–82, Bedfont, Middlx, 1784–86 and Bath, Som. in 1793. [D; GL, Upholders’ Co. records; MS 6561, p. 100; City Licence bk, vol. 7]

Stephens, John, 14 Gt Quebec St, Marylebone, London, cm (1820). A Thomas Stevens is shown at this address in 1822. [D]

Stephens, John snr, St Owen St, Hereford, cm (1822–37). In November 1828 supplied a mahogany teapoy to Capt. N. L. Pateshall of Hereford at £3. On 12 May 1831 supplied furniture to a value of £26 1s 6d to John Arkwright of Hampton Court, Leominster, Herefs. The main items were a mahogany wardrobe at £24 and a frame and stand for a sewing glass £1 13s. [D; poll bks., Herefs. RO, F60/125; Arkwright papers, A63/161]

Stephens, John jnr, St Owen St, Hereford, cm (1837). [Poll bk]

Stephens, John, Plymouth, Devon, cm (1822–38). At Colmer Lane in 1822 but in High St, 1836–38. [D]

Stephens, John, Fore St and Spring Gdns, Brixham, Devon, cm (1838). [D]

Stephens, Joseph, in the City Mews, White Cross St, London, upholder (1778). Son of Samuel Stephens, freeman and member of the Upholders’ Co. App. to David Langton but free of the Upholders’ Co. by patrimony, 17 July 1778. [GL, Upholders’ Co. records]

Stephens, Nathaniel, Bristol, carver and gilder (1799–1840). At Bridewell Lane, 1799–1814, 8 Nelson St, 1815–40 and had additional premises at 4 Beaufort Ct (or Pl.), 1815–28. [D]

Stephens, R. M., 6 Old Park Hill, Bristol, u (1838–40). [D]

Stephens, Ralph, Eastgate St, Chester, u (1818–19). [Poll bks]

Stephens, Robert, Plymouth, Devon, u (1729). On 24 May 1729 took out insurance cover of £400 on his dwelling house and shop and the household goods and utensils and stock kept there. [GL, Sun MS vol. 29, ref. 47770]

Stephens, Samuel, London, upholder (1739–47). Son of Timothy Stephens of Spitalfields, weaver. App. to David Langton on 5 March 1739 and free of the Upholders’ Co. by servitude, 6 August 1747. Father of Joseph Stephens, upholder. [GL, Upholders’ Co. records]

Stephens, Samuel, London, carver, gilder and later u (1783–1819). At Duke St, St James's in 1783 where he insured his utensils and stock for £200. By the following year at 18 Lower Book St where the business was to remain until 1819. Until 1793 his trade is always declared to be that of carver and gilder but from 1801 it is universally described as u. The business traded as Stephens & Gooch, 1806–09 and as Stephens & Wilson, 1814–15. Another directory lists the business as Thomas Stephens, 1811–16, but in 1819 reverted to Samuel once more. Stephens subscribed to Sheraton's Drawing Book, 1793 and was included in the list of master cabinet makers in his Cabinet Dictionary, 1803. At the period that Samuel Stephens was trading as a carver and gilder the insurance cover was on a modest scale. His workshop was vaued at £200 in 1784 and cover in 1786 which included his house and household goods as well as the workshop, utensils and stock was £800. From 1801, with the business now trading as an u the cover rose substantially. It was £4,450 in July 1801 with £800 for utensils and stock included in this total. In addition to the 18 Lower Brook St house, workshop and stables valued at £2,000, he also insured number 17 in the same street, described as a house, for £1,500. This level of cover was still being maintained in March 1810. In 1784 supplied a small gilt picture frame to Sir John Griffin Griffin of Audley End, Essex at 8s. The invoice was made out in the name of Messrs. Sam^l Stephens & Co. In the following year eight gilt picture frames were supplied probably to Sir John Nelthorpe, at £4 4s. Samuel Stephens was already being referred to as an upholder in 1790 when he drew up an inventory of the goods belonging to the Rt Hon. William Grenville. [D; GL, Sun MS vol. 314, p. 207; vol. 321, p. 562; vol. 341, p. 45; vol. 419, ref. 721412; vol. 453, ref. 841528; Essex RO, D/DBy/A42/6; Lincoln RO, NEL 9/1/72; Cornwall RO, Fortescue papers, DDF(4) 11427]

Stephens, Thomas, Knightsbridge, London, cm (1784). [Westminster poll bk]

Stephens, Walter, Westwell St, Plymouth, Devon, cm (1836–38). [D]

Stephens, William, parish of St James, Bristol, carver (1774). [Poll bk]

Stephens, William, Gloucester, upholder (1774–84). Freeman of Bristol. [Bristol poll bks]

Stephens, William, Clipstone St, Marylebone, London, carver (1784). Freeman of Bristol. [Bristol poll bks]

Stephens, William, Piccadilly, London, u and cm (1799–1837). At 217 Piccadilly from 1799 until c.1815 though some directories continue to use this address much later. The business then traded at 213 Piccadilly. A number of directories from 1820 give addresses at 19, 20 and 24 Jermyn St and this may be accounted for by the fact that the Piccadilly premises extended back to Jermyn St. Some directories of 1835–37 give the business as William & John Stephens. William Stephens was included in the list of master cabinet makers in Sheraton's Cabinet Dictionary, 1803. The business was of substantial size and in January 1810 insurance cover amounted to £3,000 of which £2,000 was for utensils and stock and the remainder for the 217 Piccadilly premises which communicated with 24 Jermyn St. Cover for utensils and stock had risen to £3,000 by September 1812. The business attracted important and extensive patronage. It was patronised by Edward Lord Lascelles mainly in connection with the furnishing of Harewood House, Hanover Sq. London. An entry in his account book for 14 March 1807 states that he had bought goods from Stephens valued at £91 15s. Nicholas Pearse of Loughton, Essex, who also had a house in Marylebone, bought goods from Stephens over an extended period of time from 1811–24. The sums involved ranged from £12 8s 6d to £592 1s. John, 6th Duke of Bedford, was charged £22 with £2 package and carriage in November 1821 for four mahogany tables ‘as before’. [D; GL, Sun MS vol. 451, ref. 839650; vol. 459, ref. 873371; Leeds archives dept, Harewood MS 192; Essex RO, D/DHt a1/3; Bedford Office, London] See John Stevens of 24 Jermyn St.

Stephens, William, Dawlish, Devon, cm (1838). Marriage reported in Exeter Flying Post, 26 July 1838.

Stephens & Co., 124 Wardour St, Soho, London, cm (1835). [D]

Stephenson, Adam, the Spital, parish of St John and 23 Trafalgar St, Newcastle, cm (1840). [GL, Sun MS ref. 1345062]

Stephenson, George M., 4 Collingwood St, Newcastle, u, cm and gilder (1822–34). Probably the George Meggison Stephenson, u at 30 St Nicholas Churchyard in 1834. In August 1822 notified the public that he had fitted up in his warerooms ‘a very elegant CHINTZ DRAPERY BED, also a handsome FRENCH BED & canopy top’. He was also able to offer ‘the very best Kidderminster Carpeting & Paper Hangings, from the first houses in London’. [D; Durham County Advertiser, 17 August 1822]

Stephenson, George, Newcastle, cm and joiner (1834–38). At Tallentire's Yd, Groat Mkt in 1834 and 58 Groat Mkt, 1838. [D]

Stephenson, James, London, cm (1784). Freeman of York living in London. [York poll bk]

Stephenson, John, London, cm (1774). Freeman of Hull living in London. [Hull poll bk]

Stephenson, John, Newcastle, cm and carpenter (1778–95). At Long-stairs, 1778–90 but at Carling-croft, 1795. [D]

Stephenson, John, Beverley, Yorks., cm (1790–1814). Trading at Lairgate in 1814. Took as apps John Gawan of London on 13 September 1799; and of Beverley Enoch Long in March 1802; Henry Kempling in May 1802; John Sherwood in June 1802; John May in March 1804; Xerxes Bishoprick in April 1805; John Hide in June 1807; and William P. Arnott in March 1812. [D; poll bks; app. reg.]

Stephenson, Luke, address unknown, cm (1737–39). Patronised by Benjamin Mildmay, Earl Fitzwalter of Moulsham Hall, Essex and Schomberg House, Pall Mall, London. In June 1737 he paid Stephenson £1 10s 6d and on 24 January 1739 a further 18s for ‘a Dressing Glass in the silver frame for the Countess Fitzwalter’. [A. C. Edwards, The Accounts of Benjamin Mildmay, Earl Fitzwalter, pp. 99, 107–08]

Stephenson, Moses, Little Horton near Bradford, Yorks., cm (1822). [D]

Stephenson, Robert, Kelgate, Beverley, Yorks., cm (1774–91). Freeman of Hull but working in Beverley. [D; Hull poll bks]

Stephenson, Robert, Brown St, Liverpool, cm (1811–14). At 3 Brown St in 1811 but at no. 5, 1813–14. [D]

Stephenson, Sampsom, 30 Museum St, Bloomsbury, London, u, chair and sofa maker (1835–39). Specialised in reclining chairs and claimed to be the patentee of a ‘self acting reclining chair’. [D]

Stephenson, Thomas, High St, Maidstone, Kent, cm (1802–05). [D; poll bk]

Stephenson, Thomas, 19 John St, Tottenham Ct Rd, London, cm (1808). [D]

Stephenson, Thomas, Ashton-under-Lyne, Lancs., joiner and cm (1823–34). At Grey St in 1823 and George St in 1834. [D]

Stephenson, Thomas, High St, Barton-on-Humber, Lincs., joiner and cm (1835). [D]

Stephenson, Thomas, The Spital, parish of St John, Newcastle, cm (1840). [GL, Sun MS ref. 1345062]

Stephenson, Timothy, York, cm (1799). Freeman of Beverley, Yorks, living in York. [Beverley poll bk]

Stephenson, Wilberforce, Millhill, Prospect St, Hull, Yorks., cm (1838–39). [D]

Stephenson, William, address unknown, cm and joiner (1719–21). Undertook jobbing work at Towneley Hall, Lancs, and was probably a local craftsman. His bill of 24 November 1719 totalled £3 14s 6d and included supplying a table, an addition to the dining room chimney, ‘gringing’ and silvering glasses, mending furniture and supplying a spice box and a large washing tub. A further bill dated 7 January 1721 was again for mending furniture, rental of a chest of drawers, supplying a squab frame and fixing blinds to windows. The bill totalled £2 19s 8½d. [Preston RO, Towneley DDTO Q/ 10/4]

Stephenson, William, Liverpool, carver (1767–69). In 1767 at the East End of Old Dock but in 1769 at Wolstenhome's Sq. [D]

Stephenson, William, Without North Bar, Beverley, Yorks., cm (1774–91). At Without North Bar, 1791. [D; poll bks]

Stepney, Samuel, Brighton, Sussex, carver and gilder (1839–40). In 1839 moved from 6 Cranbourn St, West St to 25 Western Rd. Here he was able to execute ‘Bed and Window Cornices, Gold Bordering for Rooms and every description of Ornamental Gilding, Old Frames Cleaned and Re-gilt — Glasses Re-silvered’. By 1843 he was at 159 Western Rd. His son Walter Robert was bapt. on 23 August 1840. [D; PR (bapt.)]

Sterkey, J., 58 Carver St, Sheffield, Yorks., carver and gilder (1833). [D]

Sterridge, James, see James Stirredge.

Sterry, Benjamin, London, upholder (1773–95). Son of Benjamin Sterry. Free of the Upholders’ Co. on 2 June 1773 under the terms of the 1750 Upholders’ Act, when he was listed at Cripplegate Buildings. Trading at 46 Fenchurch St as a cm and upholder in 1784. In 1795 at 1 George Ct, Lombard St where the business was described as an upholstery warehouse. [D; GL, Upholders’ Co. records]

Sterry, George, High St, Worcester, carver and gilder (1820–40). At 11 High St, 1820–37 and no. 42 in 1840. From 1820–22 trading as Sterry & Amphlett, ‘Looking Glass & Picture Frame Manufacturers’, who also made window cornices, ‘gold borders for rooms’, re-gilt old frames, polished and silvered mirrors. Amphlett may be Thomas Amphlett who was trading as a carver and gilder at Spring Gdns in 1830, by which time Sterry was also trading on his own behalf. [D]

Sterry, James, see James Stirredge.

Stevan, John, Main St, Cockermouth, Cumb., cm/joiner (1834). [D]

Steven, Mr, London(?), cm (1795). In 1795 supplied Alexander Wedderburn with a ‘Rosewood table SHEFFONIER’ at £8 8s. [Scottish RO, GD 164/Box 20/177/2 and 3]

Stevens, Edward, Little East St, Lewes, Sussex, cm (1837). [Poll bk]

Stevens, George, Winchester, Hants., chairmaker (1792). [D]

Stevens, George, Portsmouth, Hants., chairmaker (1798). [D]

Stevens, George, Coombe St, Exeter, Devon, cm (1832). Daughter Mary Ann bapt. on 12 August 1832 at the Church of St Mary Major. [PR (bapt.)]

Stevens, George, 85 Gt Peter St, Westminster, London, carver and gilder (1839). [D]

Stevens, Isaac, Houndgate, Nottingham, joiner and cm (1832). [D]

Stevens, J., Chapel St, Devonport, Devon, cm (1814). [D]

Stevens, James, High Wycombe, Bucks., chairmaker (b.c. 1791–1841). Two sons and two daughters bapt. between 1817–34. Aged 50 at the date of the 1841 Census. [PR (bapt.)]

Stevens, James, High Wycombe, Bucks., chairmaker (1822). Son bapt. in 1822. [PR (bapt.)]

Stevens, John, Ware, Herts., upholder and auctioneer (1784). [D]

Stevens, John, West Wycombe, Bucks., chairmaker (1798). [Militia Census]

Stevens, John, 24 Jermyn St, St James's, London, upholder and undertaker (1817). The property at 24 Jermyn St connected directly with 217 Piccadilly and both were used by William Stephens in his business as an u and cm. John was probably his son, and was his partner from 1835–37. It is not clear whether the directory entry of 1817 is evidence of an independent business. [D]

Stevens, John, High Wycombe, Bucks., chairmaker (1821–30). A son and two daughters bapt. between 1821–30. [PR (bapt.)]

Stevens, John, 42 Thames St, Windsor, Berks., cm (1824–41). Appointed carpenter to Windsor Corporation for the year on 2 January 1837 and 7 January 1841. [D; fifth hall book of the borough of Windsor, pp. 52, 93]

Stevens, John, parish of St Paul, Exeter, Devon, cm (1832). [Poll bk]

Stevens, John, 15 Cleveland St, Fitzroy Sq., London, carver and gilder (1839). [D]

Stevens, John, East St, Taunton, Som., cm and u (1839). [D]

Stevens, Samuel, Reading, Berks., cm and u (1826–40). At Upper Friar St 1826 but from that year at 53 Chatham St. [D; poll bks]

Stevens, Thomas, Southampton, Hants., chairmaker (1793–1811). At 110 High St in 1811. [D]

Stevens, Thomas, 30 St John's St, London, cm (1808). [D]

Stevens, Thomas, London, cm (1809–39). At 17 Wilderness Rd, Goswell St in 1809 and 60 Wellington St, Goswell Rd from 1829–39. [D]

Stevens, Thomas, High Wycombe, Bucks., chairmaker (1822). Son bapt. in 1822. [PR (bapt.)]

Stevens, Thomas, 4 Gt Quebec St, Marylebone, London, cm and u (1822). A John Stephens was at this address in 1820 trading as a cm. [D]

Stevens, William, Norwich and London, cm and chairmaker (1798–1818). At 14 Maddermarket, Norwich, 1801–02. A directory of 1801 shows him at 13 Maddermarket also as a grocer and tallow chandler. In 1805 at Duke's Pl., and in 1808, Duke's Palace. Poll bks show him living in the parish of St John Maddermarket, 1802–12. On 7 March 1807 his app. John Alexander was free. By June 1818 living in London. [D; poll bks; freemen reg.]

Stevens, William, St Ebbe's, Oxford, bedmaker (1802). [Poll bk]

Stevens, William, Lewes, Sussex, cm (1816–40). Listed in poll bks as a journeyman cm living at Church St, 1816–18. Living in the High St, 1826 and trading at 95 High St, 1835–39. [D; poll bks]

Stevens, William, Kew Rd, Richmond, Surrey, cm/chairmaker (1822–26). [D]

Stevens, William, High Wycombe, Bucks., chairmaker (1823–29). Two daughters and a son bapt. between 1823–29. [PR (bapt.)]

Stevens, William, Bridge St, Ipswich, Suffolk, cm and u (1839). [Poll bk]

Stevenson (or Stephenson), Ann, Carrington St, Nottingham, u and paper hanger (1834–35). [D]

Stevenson, Charles, 22 Fargate, Sheffield, Yorks., cm (1833–37). In 1837 described as a cm, u and furniture wholesaler. [D]

Stevenson, Daniel, ‘The Plough & Harrow’, Lower Moorfields, London, upholder (1703). Took out insurance cover of £200. [GL, Hand in Hand MS vol. 2, ref. 4764]

Stevenson, David, address unknown, cm (1754). Subscribed to Chippendale's Director, 1754.

Stevenson, G. & S., 13 Upper St, Holborn, London, u (1829). [D]

Stevenson, John, 40 High St, Sheffield, u (1828–37). [D]

Stevenson, John, 46 Queen St, Devonport, Devon, cm and u (1830). [D]

Stevenson, John, 7 Hosia Lane, London, furniture japanner (1835). [D]

Stevenson, John, Lee St, Louth, Lincs., cm and joiner (1835). [D]

Stevenson, John, 10 Francis Pl., Westminster Rd, London, carver and gilder (1837). [D]

Stevenson, Nathaniel, Nottingham, cm (1774–d.1819). At Long Row in 1774 and Sand Hill in 1806. [Poll bks; Notts. RO, probate records]

Stevenson, Richard, St Peter, Canterbury, Kent, cm (1826–30). [Poll bk]

Stevenson, T., Church Gate, Leicester, cm (1815). [D]

Stevenson, Thomas, 6 Brown St, Liverpool, cm (1818). [D]

Stevenson, Thomas, Chesterfield, Derbs., cm (1818–35). At Beetwell St, 1818–29 and Knifesmith Gate in 1835. [D]

Stevenson, Thomas, 5 Mint St, Southwark, London, cm and u (1827). [D]

Stevenson, William, Soho, London, cm and u (1787–1828). At 63 King St in 1787 but by 1794 the number was 62. In June 1787 insurance cover amounted to £100, but by July 1794 this had risen to £400. By April 1801 the business had moved to 43 Greek St and insurance cover was on a much more substantial scale, totalling £1,200 of which £1,000 was for utensils and stock. Included in the list of master cabinet makers in Sheraton's Cabinet Dictionary, 1803. By February 1810 had entered a partnership with William Scriven. The partnership did not immediately result in a larger scale of production and insurance cover for this year was still £1,200 of which £600 was for utensils and stock and £450 for similar items in a workshop and open yard. The number in Greek St changed to 46 about 1822. Later insurance valuations suggest a fall in stock levels which in January 1824 were down to £550. [D; GL, Sun MS vol. 342, ref. 531404; vol. 401, ref. 630200; vol. 419, ref. 715880; vol. 453, ref. 841237; vol. 499, ref. 1012377]

Stevenson, William, King St, Covent Gdn, London, u and warehouseman (1825–35). At 33 King St, 1825–26 and 8 King St in 1835. [D]

Stevenson, William, Peter St, Liverpool, cm (1827–39). At 52 Peter St, 1827–29 but subsequently the number was 50 in 1835–37 and 40 in 1839. [D]

Stevenson, William, South Biddick, Houghton-le-Spring, Co. Durham, joiner and cm (1828). [D]

Stevenson, William, 5 Little Chapel St, Soho, London, lookingglass and frame maker (1835–37). [D]

Steventon, John, Shrewsbury, Salop, cm (1722). [Freemen rolls]

Steverson, William, Needham Market, Suffolk, cm and u (1830). [D]

Steveson, John, 27 Porter St, London, cm (1775). In 1775 insured a house for £100. [GL, Sun MS vol. 237, p. 529]

Steward, Edward, York, cm (1817–30). Son of George Steward. App. to Francis Ellis and Hugh Rusby, cm, and free by servitude in 1817. By April 1822 in partnership with Arthur Shores in Micklegate. [App. reg.; freemen rolls]

Steward, Henry, Hogg Hill, Bury St Edmunds, Suffolk, u, cm and auctioneer (1766–70). In October 1766 advertised ‘walnut-tree Card Tables, neatly lined at £1.1s each, Mahogany ditto £2.2s’. His auctioneering activities extended some distance from Bury St Edmunds and in August 1767 he advertised a sale of stock at Newmarket, Suffolk. [Cambridge Chronicle, 11 October 1766, 8 August 1767, 2 June 1770]

Steward, John, 18 Clifton St, Finsbury Sq., London, cm and chairmaker (1817). [D]

Steward, Richard, Norwich, cm (1824). App. to Edmund Wooltorton and free by servitude, 21 September 1824. [Freemen reg.]

Steward, Richard, St Pancras, London, carver (1830). Freeman of Norwich. [Norwich poll bk]

Steward, Richard, 15 College St, Chelsea, London, cm and u (1839). [D]

Steward, Robert, Norwich, cm (1826). Son of Joseph Steward, labourer. Free 15 November 1826. [Freemen reg.]

Steward, William, 15 Spring St, Portman Sq., London, cm (1809). [D]

Steward, William, 16 Cambridge Rd, Whitechapel, London, cm (1829). [D]

Stewart, —, Biggleswade, Beds., joiner and cm (1793). [D]

Stewart, Charles, St Andrew St, London, cm (1776–79). In 1776 took out insurance cover of £400 half of which was for utensils and stock. In 1779 insured a house for £300. [GL, Sun MS vol. 245, p. 430; vol. 279, p. 578]

Stewart, Charles, London, cm [1793–1803). Subscribed to Sheraton's Drawing Book, 1793 and Cabinet Dictionary, 1803.

Stewart, Charles, 33 Lamb's Conduit St, London, cm and upholder (1808). [D]

Stewart, Charles, London, cm and u (1810–27). At 115 St Martin's Lane, 1816–20 but in 1821 moved to 24 Regent St. In 1810 granted patent 3339 for ‘certain improvements in the construction of dining and other tables’ and he appears to have made good use of this in connection with his business. A number of expanding dining tables are known bearing brass plates and in one case a printed paper label giving the St Martin's Lane address. Some of these also record an address at 315 Oxford St. One table is known with a brass plate giving the Regent St address. Some of these tables when closed can be used as side or pier tables. [D; Antique Collector, January 1975; Conn., November 1961, June 1974]

Stewart, Harriet, 20 Wilson St, Finsbury, London, u, bed and mattress maker (1822–27). [D]

Stewart, James, London, cm and broker (1778–81). At Little St Andrews St, Seven Dials in 1778 and Castle St, Long Acre in 1781. In both of these years he took out insurance cover of £500 of which £200 was for utensils and stock. [GL, Sun MS vol. 265, p. 321; vol. 294, p. 142]

Stewart, James, High St, Putney, London, furniture broker, u and pawnbroker (1832). [D] See Jno. Stewart at this address.

Stewart, James, 16 Nile St, North Shields, Northumb., u, cm and paperhanger (1834). [D]

Stewart, John, Shoreditch, London, cm (1814–15). At 53 Shoreditch in 1814 and 8 Shoreditch in 1815. [D]

Stewart, Jno., High St, Putney, London, furniture broker, u and auctioneer (1832). [D] See James Stewart at this address.

Stewart, Joseph, 10 Derby St, Liverpool, cm and household broker (1816). [D]

Stewart, Matthew, Bell St, North Shields, Northumb., cm and joiner (1803–27). Subscribed to Sheraton's Cabinet Dictionary, 1803. [D]

Stewart, Robert, Bow St, London, u (1749). [Westminster poll bk]

Stewart, William, Wakefield, Yorks., cm and u (1816–37). At Cock & Swan Yd in 1816, Churchyard and Northgate, 1828–30 and Cross St in 1834. In 1837 shown at Northgate only. From 1828 the business is named as William Stewart & Son. [D]

Stewart, William, North Shields, Northumb., cm and joiner (1827–28). At Union Lane in 1827 and Church Rd in 1828. [D]

Stewart, William, Church Gate, Leicester, carver and gilder (1840). [D]

Stickley, John, Lewisham Lane, Greenwich, London, cm etc. (1823–39). Listed at Lewisham Rd in 1826. [D]

Stickley, Thomas, Bridge Pl., Lewisham, London, cm and u (1839). [D]

Stickner, John, 1 Woolpack Yd, Gravel Lane, Southwark, London, cm (1809). [D]

Stidolph, Edward, High St, Tonbridge, Kent, cm and commissioner for taking special bail (1832–39). [D]

Stidolph, George, Tonbridge, Kent, u and cm (1800). In May 1800 an auction was held of the household furniture and stock in trade of this maker conducted by Thomas Wise of Tonbridge. This may have been the termination of George Stidolph's business though a directory of 1803 was still listing it. [D; Tunbridge Wells Museum, Sprange Coll.]

Stidolph, George Lambert, Tonbridge, Kent, cm (1819–29). Living in the parish of Tunbridge in December 1819 when his son George Lambert was bapt. In May 1821 a daughter Elizabeth was bapt. in the same parish. This parish covered not only the town of Tonbridge but also significant parts of what is today Tunbridge Wells. Trading in Tonbridge, 1823– 29. [D; PR (bapt.)]

Stidolph, Henry, Dartford, Kent, cm (1824–39). [D]

Stidston, William, 137 Long Acre, London, u (1794–1802). [D]

Stiff, H., 27 Upper Parade, Leamington, Warks., cm and u (1837). [D]

Stiggle, William, Strand, London, carver and gilder (1806–20). At 440 Strand, 1806–14 but by 1820 the number was 443. Took over the premises in the Strand previously occupied by Joseph Norman whose successor he claimed to be. In September 1809 provided for John, 6th Duke of Bedford, ‘two handsome gold frames 7 inch moulding carved pot flower & water leaf 33 ft. 6 ins. with plate glasses to do. for 2 drawings by Mr Glover £56’. On the foot of the invoice reminding the Duke of the sum due he added a request for payment ‘as I am very much pressed for money at this time’. [D; Bedford Office, London]

Stiles, —, Cambridge, cm (1793). Subscribed to Sheraton's Drawing Book, 1793.

Stiles, Alfred, High Wycombe, chairmaker (1830). Son bapt. in 1830. [PR (bapt.)]

Stiles, Arthur, London, cm (1818). Freeman of Evesham, Worcs. living in London in June 1818. [Evesham poll bk]

Stiles, Daniel, Suffolk/Essex border area, cooper or chairmaker (1721). On 3 June 1721 an advertisement was placed in the Ipswich Journal asking him to contact Thomas Cole of Dedham, Essex as his mother had died and left him her effects. Stiles probably originated from Dedham but appears to have travelled in search of work. He was said to have been working lately at ‘Grunsborough’ in Suffolk.

Stiles, George, Bridge St, Cambridge, cm and u (d.1817). Died 1817 and sale of his stock, timber and three work benches was announced, Cambridge Chronicle, 25 July 1817. [Cambridge Univ. Lib., Will AR 3:153]

Stiles, Henry, Brighton, Sussex, u (1768). Undertook repairs and alterations such as altering a night-stool, setting up a bed, supplying counterpanes etc. at a cost of £10 17s 6d at the accommodation rented by Elizabeth, Marchioness of Tavistock at Brighton in September 1768. [Bedford Office, London]

Stiles, James, West Wycombe, Bucks., chairmaker (b.c. 1811–41). Aged 30 at the date of the 1841 Census.

Stiles, Jos. D., 27 Stanford St, Blackfriars Rd, London, cm and u (1839). [D]

Stiles, Susan, 6 Green St, Blackfriars Rd, London, cm and u (1839). [D]

Stimpson, William, Straight, Lincoln, chairmaker (1822–35). At ‘Foot of the Hill’ in 1822, and ‘Straight’, 1826–35. [D]

Stimpson, William, Claypath, Durham, turner and chairmaker (1827). [D]

Stimson, William, Lincoln, chairmaker (b. 1747–d.1797). Died suddenly aged 50 in November 1797. Possibly the father of the William Stimpson, chairmaker, trading at the Straight, Lincoln in 1826. [Gents Mag., November 1797]

Stinchcomb, James, Bristol, cm and furniture broker (1826–31). At 10 Sims's Alley in 1826 and 46 Stoke's Croft, 1827–31. In 1830 trade given as furniture broker only. Successor to William Stinchcomb. [D]

Stinchcomb, John, Nelson St, Bristol, broker, salesman and u (1803–24). Declared bankrupt July 1803, but back in business again by 1805 and traded 1805–06 from both Nelson St and Pithay. From 1821 used 68 Broadmead in addition to the Nelson St address. [D; Exeter Flying Post, 28 July 1803] His successor, and possibly widow, was:

Stinchcomb, Sarah, 63 Broamead and Pithay, Bristol, cm, u and furniture broker (1826). [D]

Stinchcomb, William, Syms's Alley, Bristol, cm, u etc. (1809–19). The number in Syms's Alley was given as 6 in 1819. Declared bankrupt, Exeter Flying Post, 13 December 1810. Succeeded by James Stinchcomb. [D]

Stinson, Handley, 39 Edmund St, Liverpool, cm (1839). [D]

Stinton, —, Moorfields, London, looking-glass maker (1730). [Heal]

Stirling, Thomas jnr, 6 St Ann's Pl., Commercial Rd East, London, patent slate table and furniture manufacturer (1839). [D]

Stirredge, James, London, upholder, cm, auctioneer, appraiser and undertaker (1765–96). Also described as James Sterry and James Sterridge. Member of the Turners’ Co. but trading as an u. At Gt Winchester St, 1765–69 at which period he took out licences to employ non-freemen, three men usually being authorised. At 7 George Yd, Lombard St, 1781–96. Took as app. James Shipman. Insurance cover in 1781 was £1,400 half of which was for utensils and stock. [D; GL, City Licence bks, vols 4–6; Sun MS vol. 297, p. 534; Upholders’ Co. records] See Benjamin Sterry at 1 George Ct, Lombard St.

Stirrup, James, Warrington, Lancs., cm and u (1825–34). His home was in Butter Market St, 1825–34 but he also traded at Union St, 1825–28 and Bridge St in 1834. [D]

Stivenson, William, 43 Prince's St, Leicester Sq., London, cm, timber merchant and sawyer (1807–08). A substantial business with an insurance cover of £1,500 in August 1807 which by April 1808 had increased to £2,450. Of this latter sum only £400 was in respect of household goods and stock kept in an open yard, presumably timber, was insured for £1,000. [GL, Sun MS vol. 440, ref. 804986; vol. 445, ref. 814930]

Stoakes, William, 19 St Mary's Gate, Manchester, carver and gilder (1794). [D]

Stoakes, William, Liverpool, looking-glass manufacturer, bronze figure manufactory and auctioneer (1801–23). Maintained a shop and manufactory in Church St, the number being 41 in 1804, 48 in 1805, 55 in 1811–13, 57 in 1816, and 62 in 1821. An additional manufactory was maintained in Dover St, 1813–14, the number being 2 in 1813 and 3 in 1814. Further addresses were 13 Newington in 1816 and 7 Shannon St in 1821. The looking-glass manufactory was important throughout but in January 1801 he was also acting as an auctioneer of fine art. On 5 January 1801 he held in his Church St premises a sale of paintings ‘many of the choicest productions of ancient & modern Artists’. By 1811 he had added to his production of looking-glasses, the casting of bronze figures. Both of these manufactures continued until 1823 when he was declared bankrupt. A sale of his stock in trade and equipment was held on 1 December 1823. On offer were ‘a large & valuable SILVERING TABLE, 7 feet 8 long & 6 feet wide, a Ditto 6 feet 10 by 3 feet 8, with Iron Weights Complete, a large quantity of Molds of Busts, Figures, Urns, Brackets & Pedestals, Composition Molds for Ornamental gilding, unfinished Picture & Looking Glass Frames & small quantity of Fancy Wood. Log & Veneers, two Marble Slabs, a Mahogany Sideboard, Gilders’ Benches, & other Articles’. [D; Billinge's Liverpool Advertiser, 5 January 1801; Liverpool Mercury, 28 November 1823] See George Bullock.

Stoate, Richard, Bristol, cm, u and undertaker (1807–40). At Denmark St, 1807–10; 43 Quay in 1812; 33 Quay, 1813–23; 38 Quay, 1824–33; and 2 Unity St, College Green, 1834–40. From 1830 traded as Richard Stoate & Son. [D]

Stobbs, Robert, Barnard Castle, Co. Durham, cm (1751). In 1751 took app. named Andrews. [S of G, app. index]

Stock, George, Bristol, u and cm (1812–28). Shown at 24 Newfoundland St, 1812–14 and 1816, but the number was 25 in 1815 and 12 from 1817–20. At 43 Redcliff St, 1821–26, 1 Cathay in 1827 and 2 Cathay in 1828. Described as an u, 1812–19 but from 1820 as a cm and u. [D]

Stock, George, Bristol, u (1834–35). At Old Park in 1834 and 1 Terrell St in 1835. [D]

Stock, George, 34 Bristol St, Birmingham, u and paper hanger (1839). [D]

Stock, James, 2 St James's Barton, Bristol, cm, upholder, paperhanger and undertaker (1834). Bankruptcy announced, Exeter Flying Post, 5 June 1834. [D]

Stock, Thomas, Churchgate, Retford, Notts., cm and u (1822). [D]

Stockdale, —, address unknown, cm (1803). Subscribed to Sheraton's Cabinet Dictionary, 1803.

Stockdale, James England, Hull, Yorks., cm (1829–40). App. to John Megson in January 1822. Trading at 6 Junction Dock St in 1831 but from 1835 the numbers were 25 and 18. [D] Succeeded by:

Stockdale, John England, Hull, Yorks., bedstead and pole manufacturer, furniture broker (1838–40). In 1838 at 25 Humber Dock St and 18 Junction Dock St. In 1839 at 25 New Dock Walls, and in 1840 at 18 Junction Dock Rd as a cm etc. Successor to James England though it is possible that the two traded together at the same address. [D]

Stockdale, Joseph, 11 Waterworks St, Hull, Yorks., chairmaker (1838–40). Also a greengrocer. [D]

Stockdale, Mrs Mary, London(?), upholder (1706). On 6 May 1706 supplied to Boughton, Northants. ‘eight green cross stitch Elbow Chaires, black Japand fframes, girts bottoms, linings, fine curld hair, Green silk orris and gilt nails and making eight chaires up with green searge false cases to them’. Each chair cost £10 and another chair en suite was charged at £20. [V&A archives]

Stockdale, Thomas, 13 Dansie St, Liverpool, u (1834). [D]

Stocker, John, 29 Shepherd St, Spitalfields, London, cm and u (1827). [D]

Stocker, Joseph, Paris St, Exeter, Devon, cm (1837–38). His first wife, Mary, died on 20 February 1837. On 17 July of the same year he married again at St Edmund's Church. His second wife, Ann, was the youngest daughter of Mr R. Maunder of Cheriton Fitzpaine, Devon, boot and shoe maker. A daughter was bapt. at St Sidwell's Church on 10 June 1838. [Exeter Flying Post, 2 March 1837, 27 July 1837; PR (bapt.)]

Stockham, James, Chippenham, Wilts., cm (1736–52). In 1736 took app. named Smithe and on 23 July 1752 Gabriel Cruse at a premium of £10. [S of G, app. index; Wilts. Apps and their Masters]

Stockham, Thomas, 26 Wigmore St, London, portable desk, work box and cabinet case maker (1839). [D]

Stocking, John, Norwich, chairmaker (1770). App. to Thomas Durrant, chairmaker and free by servitude, 3 May 1770. [Freemen reg.]

Stocks, Joseph, Leeming St, Preston, Lancs., cm (1814–28). At 17 Leeming St, 1814–18 but the number was 16, 1825–28. [D]

Stocks, Robert, Houndsgate, Nottingham, joiner and cm (1782–99). Took as apps George Walker in 1782, Richard Moore in 1788 and William Hensley in 1791. In 1797 signed the Nottingham Cabinet and Chair Makers’ Book of Prices on behalf of the masters. At Houndsgate in 1799. [D; app. reg.]

Stocks, Thomas, Retford, Notts., cm and u (1819–40). At Moorgate, 1819–35, Church Gate in 1822 and Church St in 1828. [D]

Stocks, William, Retford, Notts., chairmaker and turner (1822–40). Recorded at Moorgate, 1822–35 and Old Tan Yard in 1830. [D]

Stockton, Elitzer Thomas, Leicester, cm (1754). App. to Michael Clarke and free 1754. [Freemen rolls]

Stockton, James, 2 Wells Yd, Waterworks St, Hull, Yorks., cm (1838–39). [D]

Stockton, John, Fletcher St, Newcastle-under-Lyme, Staffs. (1830–32). In 1832 at Fletcher St and described as John jnr. [Poll bks]

Stockton, William, Lee St, Louth, Lincs., cm and joiner (1835). [D]

Stockwell, C. & Son, 128 Snargate St, Dover, Kent, u (1838). [D] Succeeded by:

Stockwell, Elizabeth & Son, 128 Snargate St, Dover, cm and u (1839). [D]

Stockwell, Stephen, 59 Long Alley, Finsbury, London, upholder (1835–39). [D]

Stockwell, William, Peter St, Bristol, basket and chair manufacturer (1814–29). The number in Peter St was 25 in 1821–29. [D]

Stockwell, William jnr, 20 Peter St, Bristol, basket, chair and sieve maker (1820–32). Shown as W. & E. P. Stockwell in 1830–31 and W. S. Stockwell in 1832. [D]

Stoddard, William, Brighton, Sussex, cm (1837–39). At Church St in 1837 and 12 Jew St, Church St, 1839. In September 1839 a daughter was bapt. and the home address was given as Windsor St. [D; PR (bapt.)]

Stoddart, George, 11 Angel Alley, Little Moorfields, London, cm (1777). In 1777 insured his utensils, stock and goods for £40 out of an entire insurance cover of £100. [GL, Sun MS vol. 255, p. 580]

Stoddart, John, Thursby, Wigton, Cumb., joiner and cm (1828). [D]

Stokehill, George, Old Malton Gate, Malton, Yorks., joiner, cm and vat maker (1840). [D]

Stokell, Nicholas, Union Lane, Sunderland, Co. Durham, joiner and cm (1827). [D]

Stoker, Joseph, 44 Frith St, Soho, London, upholder (1785). In May 1785 took out insurance cover of £190 on household goods and clothes. [GL, Sun MS vol. 327, p. 358]

Stokes, Cornelius, Hull, Yorks., varnisher, japanner and fancy painter (1823–31). At 1 Grimston Ct, Saville St as a varnisher in 1823, Grimston Ct as a fancy painter in 1826 and 43 Saville St in 1831. [D]

Stokes, George, Friar St, Droitwich, Worcs., cm (1835). [D]

Stokes, George, 22 Parliament St, Nottingham, cm (1835). [D]

Stokes, J., 21 Newcastle St, Strand, London, carver and gilder (1789–90). [D]

Stokes, Joseph, London, picture frame maker (1777–79). At 3 Chair Ct, Ship Yard, Temple Bar in 1777 where he took out insurance cover of £100 which included £20 for utensils and stock. In 1779 at 43 Carey St with total insurance cover at £200 half of which was for utensils and stock. [GL, Sun MS vol. 261, p. 453; vol. 273, p. 258]

Stokes, Samuel, Lordsmill St, Chesterfield, Derbs., cm (1818–22). [D]

Stokes, Thomas, Tooley St, Southwark, London, cm and u (1802–27). At 26 Tooley St, 1802–25 but in 1827 the number was 55. Included in the list of master cabinet makers in Sheraton's Cabinet Dictionary, 1803. [D]

Stokes, Thomas, West Bromwich, Staffs., joiner/cm (1834). [D]

Stokes, William, Walsall, Staffs., cm (1835–39). Listed at Park St, also as an u, in 1835. [D]

Stokes & Wallington, Cavendish Ct, Houndsditch, London, cm (1790–93). [D]

Stokoe, John, Manor-chair, Newcastle, cm (1790–95). [D]

Stokoe, William, 13 St Saviourgate, York, cm (1834–38). Recorded at Wikeley's Ct, St Saviourgate, also as an u, in 1834. [D]

Stolworthy, Edmund, London, bedstead manufacturer and cm (1796–1839). App. to Samuel Bream of Gt Yarmouth, Norfolk and in 1796 free of that town. Immediately on completion of his apprenticeship he moved to London and by 1806 was trading from 3 Onslow St, Hatton Wall. He remained at this address at least until 1811 but by 1820 the number was 17 Onslow St. By February 1822 at 21 Vine St, Hatton Wall, an address that he continued to occupy until 1839. The business was of a substantial size by this date. The total insurance cover was £1,550, all of which covered trade buildings and stock except £150. The business was listed as Stolworthy & Martin, 1824–27 but by 1829 had reverted once more to trading as Edmund Stolworthy. [D; Heal; Gt Yarmouth freemen rolls and poll bks; GL, Sun MS vol. 490, ref. 989227]

Stone, —, Exeter, Devon, carver (1779). Carved the pillars, pilasters and composite style capitals in the Dining Room at Killerton, Devon in 1779. [Nat. Trust guide to Killerton]

Stone, Charles, St Giles, Norwich, cm (1768). [Poll bk]

Stone, Edward, High St, Amersham, Bucks., chairmaker (1823–30). [D]

Stone, Edward, 80 Chapel St, Islington, London, cm (1826). [D]

Stone, Elden, 80 Chapel St, Islington, London, cm (1827). [D]

Stone, G., 57 Chapel St, Islington, London, cm (1820). [D]

Stone, George, Bristol and London, carver and gilder (1774–84). Living in the parish of St John, Bristol in 1774 and the parish of St James in 1781. Moved to London and in April 1784 was at Goodge St, Tottenham Ct Rd. [Bristol poll bks]

Stone, Isaac Francis, London, cm and broker (1831). Leased property at New Thame, Oxon. to a grocer. [Oxford RO, Bir I/iii/6/7]

Stone, J., address unknown, u (1794). Undertook commissions for Mrs Leigh of Leighton House. The bill dated October 1794 came to £50 15s and included striped red and white Manchester furniture for the Drawing Room sofa and chairs and for bed and window curtains. [Shakespeare Birthplace Trust, Leigh receipts, DR18/5]

Stone, James, High Wycombe, Bucks., chairmaker (1837–40). Two sons and a daughter bapt. between 1837–40. [PR (bapt.)]

Stone, John, Exeter, Devon, cm (b.1717–d.1810). In 1745 took app. named Gooding, in 1752 Gordon and in 1759, Bond. Died in 1810 aged 93. [S of G, app. index; Gents Mag., supplement, 1810]

Stone, John, 14 Broad St, St Giles, London, carver (1778). In 1778 took out insurance cover of £200 which included £50 for utensils and stock. [GL, Sun MS vol. 264, p. 500]

Stone, John, Bilston, Staffs., victualler, cm and quarry owner (1793). [D]

Stone, John, Uttoxeter, Staffs., cm (1798). [D]

Stone, John, Exeter, Devon, carver (1803–23). Included in a Militia Census of 1803 which gave his address as The Close. At St Sidwell, 1822–23. [D; election squibs, 1816]

Stone, John, Alliston St, Birmingham, cm (1816). [D]

Stone, John, High Wycombe, Bucks., chairmaker (1839). [D]

Stone, Renard, Monmouth Lane, London, carver (1709). [Rate bk]

Stone, René, Berwick St, Soho, London, frame maker (1749–d. by 1774). His premises in Berwick St were originally identified by his trade sign, ‘The Golden Head’. Later this was changed to ‘The King's Arms’. The change no doubt took pace soon after January 1761 when he was appointed ‘Joyner to His Majesty's Privy Council’. He subsequently advertised the business as ‘Frame Maker to His Majesty’. Stone had produced frames for the Crown as early as 1752, however, and in 1772 charged £67 4s for frames ‘richly carved & gilded for their Majesties pictures’. René Stone was probably a Frenchman and on 8 June 1750 the baptism of Elizabeth, the daughter of Marquis Pierre de Conty was performed at Stone's house in Berwick St. Stone was dead by January 1774 when his appointment as ‘Joyner’ passed to Isaac Gossett. Stone's business passed to Duffour. [Westminster poll bk; Heal Coll., BM; PRO, LC3/58, LC5/24–25; Huguenot Soc., vol. XXVIII, p. 7; H. Phillips, Mid-Georgian London, p. 221]

Stone, Richard, Exeter, Devon, u (1708). [Freemen rolls]

Stone, Richard, Banks, Bingham, Notts., joiner and cm (1832). [D]

Stone, Samuel, London, cm (1770–93). In 1770 William Tustian of Whitechapel took a booth at the annual Stirbitch Fair held near Cambridge in September. He advertised that he was selling furniture of his own manufacture and also that made by Samuel Stone & Co. In 1782 he was trading from Catherine Wheel Alley, Whitechapel and in that year took out insurance cover of £700 which included £500 for his workshop, utensils and stock. Bankrupt in 1790 but by the following year again trading, now from 127 Hounsditch. Subscribed to Sheraton's Drawing Book, 1793. [Furn. Hist., 1978; GL, Sun MS vol. 304, p. 443; vol. 379, p. 132; Bailey's list of bankrupts]

Stone, T., 6 Gibraltar Walk, Bethnal Green, London, backgammon table maker (1821–23). [D]

Stone, Thomas, parish of St Michael, Lewes, Sussex, u (1812– 26). [Poll bks]

Stone, Thomas, Gedling St, Nottingham, u (1832). [D]

Stone, William, Worcester, u (1711–41). Took apps named Lingen in 1711 and Joseph Pember, 1723–41. [S of G, app. index; freemen rolls]

Stone, William, Hatton Gdn, London, cm (1726). In 1726 advertised walnut tree matted and stuff bottomed chairs. [Heal; Harris & Son, The English Chair, p. 174]

Stone, William S., London, upholder (1802–18). Freeman of Norwich living in London. [Norwich poll bks]

Stonebanks, Robert, North Shields, Northumb., cm and joiner (1827–34). At Toll St in 1827, Bird St in 1828, and 30 Church St in 1834. [D]

Stonehewer, Samuel, Chestergate, Macclesfield, Cheshire, cm and chairmaker (1816–22). [D]

Stonehouse, Ann & Sons, Timble Bridge, Leeds, Yorks., cm (1818). [D]

Stonehouse, George, New Elvet, Durham, cm and joiner (1828). [D]

Stonehouse, Roger, Brotton, Yorks., joiner/cm/wheelwright (1834). [D]

Stonehouse, Thomas, London, cm and chairmaker (1800–04). At 6 Tennis Ct, Middle Row, Holborn in April 1800 when he took out insurance cover of £200. By April 1804 he had moved to 3 Princes St, Little Queen St, Lincoln's Inn Fields where insurance cover was £300, half of which was for utensils and stock. [GL, Sun MS vol. 418, ref. 702399; vol. 431, ref. 760746]

Stoneley, Richard, Newport, Salop, cm (1797). [D]

Stones, D., York, turner and cm (1825). In partnership with T. Ashworth, declared bankrupt, Brighton Gazette, 16 June 1825.

Stones, George, York, turner, u, cm, Tunbridge-ware maker, fancy chairmaker and dealer in toys (1795–d. 1823). Son of Thomas Stones, mariner. App. to John Lund, hardwood turner on 30 September 1777 and free 1785. Took as apps William Ruddock (1790), William Thornton (1792–1800), William Scafe (1795–1805), William Baines (1795), Thomas Fligg (1796–1820), Christopher Oates (1799–1806), Richard Baynes (1799), John Danby (1803–05), John Bird (1805), David Adams (1805), John Sollitt (1812), William Wilson (1814), George Atkinson (1814), Peter Forbes (1820), Thomas Hardcastle (1820), Ralph Page Fryer (1819) and George Clark (1822). He took as app. chairmakers John Bulmer (1797–1812), Francis Duffield (1805–14) and John Darnby (free 1812). At Spurriergate in 1798 but in March 1816 announced his recent move to Pavement where he remained until his death in May 1823. His widow announced in June 1823 her intention of carrying on the business. [D; app. reg.; freemen rolls; York Courant, 18 March 1816; Yorkshire Gazette, 24 May 1823, 7 June 1823]

Stones, James, Ashton-under-Lyne, Lancs., cm and joiner (1818–34). At 5 Crickets Lane, 1818–28 but in 1834 at 83 Stamford St. [D]

Stones, James & Thomas, 48 Darwen St and Northgate, Blackburn, Lancs., joiners, cm and builders, timber and raff merchants (1814–34). The Darwen St address was a dwelling house. [D]

Stonestreet, Henry, London, upholder (1722–34). Son of Henry Stonestreet of Eaton Bray, Beds., clerk. App. to William Scrimshire on 7 March 1722 and free of the Upholders’ Co. by servitude, 25 March 1730. In 1734 living in Friday St. [GL, Upholders’ Co. records; poll bk]

Stoney, Benjamin, Weekday Cross, Nottingham, cm, joiner and carpenter (1784–1804). In July 1784 advertised for craftsmen and in 1791 was one of the masters who endorsed the content of the Nottingham Cabinet and Chair Makers’ Book of Prices. In 1793 subscribed to Sheraton's Drawing Book. Took as apps Sam Sodd in 1799 and William Hutton Cox in 1804. [D; Nottingham Journal, 31 July 1784; app. reg.]

Stoney, William, High Pavement, Nottingham, cm and u (1812–40). From 1818–35 the business was in partnership trading as Stoney & Clarke. William Stoney was a cm. [D; poll bk]

Stong, Samuel, Gt George St, Bristol, cm (1795). [D]

Stonier, Hugh, Newcastle-under-Lyne, Staffs., cm (1812). [Poll bk]

Stonier, John, High St, Hanley (or Shelton), Staffs., cm and u (1822–54). Also had a house at Charles St in 1822. Possibly the successor to Thomas Stonier who was trading in the High St as a cm, 1818. [D]

Stonier, John, Ironmarket, Newcastle-under-Lyne, Staffs., chairmaker (1830–35). Listed as a cm and u in 1835. [Poll bks] See William Stonier at this address.

Stonier, Thomas, High St, Hanley, Staffs., cm (1818). Probably succeeded at this address by John Stonier. [D]

Stonier, William, Ironmarket, Newcastle-under-Lyne, Staffs, cm and 1818–34). [D] See John Stonier at this address.

Stonier, William, Liverpool Rd, Burslem, Staffs., cm and u (1834–35). [D]

Stooks, Thomas, Rose & Crown Yd, Leeds, Yorks., cm, appraiser and auctioneer (1775–98). Recorded at Briggate in 1798. Advertised that he could offer ‘CABINET GOODS of all sorts made in the genteelest taste’ and that he ‘appraises & sells all Sorts of Household Furniture, Utensils, Stock-inTrade, Plate etc’. In 1793 subscribed to Sheraton's Drawing Book. An invoice and letter relating to the supply of furniture by this maker to a Mr Kear, attorney-at-law, of Barnsley, Yorks., survive. The items supplied include a mahogany camp bed with sacking bottom, a four post bedstead with reeded posts, a dressing glass, a butler's tray and other trays and totalled £22 6s 1d. Stooks was still urging payment in 1799 a year after the issue of the original invoice. [Leeds Mercury, 20 June 1775, 14 May, 28 May, 18 June 1776; Calder Valley Museum, John Goodchild Coll.]

Stopford, William, Hillgate, Stockport, Cheshire, cm (1782–84). [D]

Stoppani, Anthony, Leeds, Yorks., carver and gilder (1828–30). Listed at 4 Leadenhall St in 1828 and 37 Lady Lane in 1830, also as a weather glass, thermometer, barometer etc. manufacturer. [D]

Stopperton, John, 16 Croston St, Liverpool, cm (1829). [D]

Stordy, Thomas, Hungate, Pickering, Yorks., joiner and cm (1840). [D]

Storer, Anthony, parish of St Mary Woolnoth, London, upholder (1683). [Heal]

Storer, Joseph, Digbeth, Birmingham, chairmaker (1816–18). [D]

Storer, Joseph, Kingsley, Frodsham, Cheshire, chairmaker (1837). [D]

Storer, William, Derby(?), cm (1764). At Kedleston Hall, Derbs, there is a library table in mahogany fitted with forty-eight drawers, two reading desks and a cupboard completed by this craftsman on 17 December 1764. [C. Life, vol. CLXIII, no. 4205, p. 323]

Storey, Benjamin, St James St, Leeds, Yorks., cm (1822). [D]

Storey, Henry, Hungate, Bedale, Yorks., joiner and cm (1828). [D]

Storey, Matthew, Gateshead, Co. Durham, joiner and cm (1798). [D]

Storey, William, London St, Greenwich, London, cm (1826). [D]

Storey, William, 15 King St, Southwark, London, carver and gilder (1826). [D]

Storey, William, Lintz Green, Tanfield, Co. Durham, victualler, joiner and cm (1828). [D]

Storr, John, Mortlake, Surrey, u (1838–39). [D]

Storr, Paul, 23 Air St, Piccadilly, London, carver and gilder (1809). In partnership with Peter Bogaerts in 1809 when they took out insurance cover of £500 whch included £350 for stock, utensils and models in their workshop at 23 Air St and £150 for stock in a shop behind 22 Air St. [GL, Sun MS vol. 448, ref. 836376]

Storror, William, 59 French St, Southampton, Hants., u and cm (1839). [D]

Storrow, John, Appleby, Westmld, joiner and cm (1828). [D]

Story, James, 2 Snowfields, Bermondsey, London, chair and sofa maker (1839). [D]

Story, Ralph, High St, Tewkesbury, Glos., chairmaker (1825). Child bapt. in 1825. [PR (bapt.)]

Story, William, Newcastle, u (1774). App. to Edward Coates and free by servitude as an u, 5 July 1774. [Freemen rolls]

Stott, John, Yorkshire St, Rochdale, Lancs., cm (1798–1818). In Yorkshire St, 1814–18. [D]

Stout, John, North St, Gosport, Hants., cm (1830–39). Listed as a cm and u at 22 North St in 1830. [D]

Stout, M., 42 Well St, Oxford St, London, cm and chairmaker (1816–25). In 1819–25 also mahogany merchant. [D]

Stout, William, London, chairmaker (1723). In 1723 the Duke of Montrose paid Stout £10 7s for chairs. These were for the Duke's house at Shawfoy. [Scottish RO, GD 220/1236/11]

Stout, William, 147 Whitechapel Rd, London, cm (1808). [D]

Stovald, Sam., Guildford, Surrey, cm and turner (1832–35). At South St in 1832 but in 1835 living in Tunsgate. [D; poll bk]

Stove, George, Bristol, carver and gilder (1781). [Poll bk]

Stovell, George, 3 Lower Grosvenor St, London, u (1792–1829). Subscribed to Sheraton's Drawing Book, 1793 and included in the list of master cabinet makers in his Cabinet Dictionary, 1803. Upholsterer to the Prince of Wales, 1801–19. In October 1792 took out insurance cover of £600 of which half was for utensils and stock. Also insured other properties in London including 73 Lower Grosvenor St, 1808–22 which was probably his dwelling house, and others in the Hanover Sq. area. These were houses of some quality judging from the valuation placed on the household goods kept there of £300 to £600 each. He also owned a house in Quary St, Guildford which in 1804 was valued at £100 and was then in his own tenure. He also appeared on the Guildford poll in June 1818. The only known commission was in 1793 for Lord Howard of Audley End, Essex. This was for two mahogany cupboards made to order at £2 2s and a mahogany frame ‘to hold a Survey of Your Lordship's Estates with lock, hinges & Sundry brasswork’ £2 2s. [D; GL, Sun MS vol. 389, ref. 605988; vol. 431, ref. 767074; vol. 440, ref. 802659; vol. 445, ref. 816874; vol. 448, refs 832049, 839104; vol. 45., ref. 867630; vol. 493, ref. 993540; vol. 498, ref. 1001965; Guildford poll bk; Essex RO, D/DBy/ A51/6]

Stovin, William, Fluttergate, Grimsby, Lincs., joiner and cm, machine maker and wiremaker (1826–35). [D]

Stow, John, Greenwich, London, cm, upholder, appraiser and auctioneer (1808–24). At Royal Hill, 1808–17 but in 1824 at London St. [D]

Stow, Jonathan, 10 John St, Birmingham, cm, carpenter and joiner (1767–70). [D]

Stow, William, London Rd, Greenwich, London, u, auctioneer, appraiser and undertaker (c. 1822–39). In June 1834 claimed to have been in business for twelve years. If this was a correct statement he may not be the successor to John Stow who is shown in a trade directory of 1824 at London St. William Stow's lease expired c. 1834 and extensive alterations were made to the premises to enlarge them. This resulted in the neglect of customers’ orders for which he apologised in June 1834 when he announced the completion of the work. [D; West Kent Advertiser, 7 June 1834]

Stra(c)han, Francis, Manchester, cm (1829–34). At 28 Thomas St in 1829 and Cheetwood in 1834. [D]

Strachan, James, 8 Gerrard St, Soho, London, cm and u (1827– 35). [D]

Strackles, John, Hull, Yorks., cm (1755). In 1755 took app. named Seaman. [S of G, app. index]

Strafford, William, Park St, Wakefield, Yorks., cm (1816). [D]

Strahan, Patrick, ‘The King's Arms & Ball’ by Fleet Ditch, London (1709–41). The combination of his name and his ability to attract Scottish clients suggest that he came to London from Scotland in his youth. He was already in the Fleet area by 1715 and both in that year and in 1717 was fined for declining parochial office in the parish of St Bride. His business was substantial and in February 1722 he took insurance cover for £1,000 on his goods and merchandise at the sign of ‘The King's Arms and Ball’ which was described as his dwelling house. He entered a partnership with James Strahan and both were declared bankrupt in January 1741. The partnership was already formed by November 1737 when a commission was undertaken for the Duke of Gordon. The earliest known commissions were for the Duke of Montrose. A large walnut desk and glass were supplied in 1709 for £3 16s and in 1714 a large walnut arched glass, eighteen fine matted chairs, two elbow chairs and a wainscot table. These latter items cost £14 12s. In the following year payment of £13 was received for a walnut arched desk and bookcase. A wainscot chest of drawers for which £1 1s was charged in 1726 was probably also for the Duke of Montrose. The order of 1714 was specified for the Duke's office in the Cockpit and was placed at the time that he was Secretary of State. Of the Duke of Gordon's orders, which cover the period from November 1737 to May 1740, several of the items were specified for the Duke's London house and all may have been destined for it. Furniture supplied in November and December 1737 included a walnut strong box at £3 10s, a wainscot desk at £1 8s and a clothes press on a ‘frame’ at £4 10s. The furniture supplied between December 1738 and May 1739 was mostly of mahogany and included a writing table at £4 10s and a large bookcase with glass doors at £12. An account submitted in April 1738 contains sums for porterage from Pall Mall and conveyance by cart to Wapping with the necessary wharfage possibly suggesting some transfer of furniture to Scotland. Between September 1739 and May 1740 three mahogany sea chests were provided in addition to a strong box. [GL, MS 6561, p. 4, Sun MS vol. 14, ref. 24988; London Daily Post and General Advertiser, 26 January 1741; Scottish RO, GD 220/6/1121/3, 1162/2, 1159/7, 1162/45, 1348/17; GD 44/51/465/3/66, 465/4/30, 475, 260, 465/1/36, 465/4/63]

Strahan, William, 3 Whittle St, Manchester, cm (1825). [D]

Straker, Jof., Ballast Hills, Newcastle, cm/carpenter (1778). [D]

Strange, James, Dartmouth, Devon, cm (1793). [D]

Strange, Matthew, High Wycombe, Bucks., chairmaker (b. c. 1802–41). Two sons and two daughters bapt. between 1827–37. Aged 39 at the time of the 1841 Census. [PR (bapt.)]

Strange, Nicholas, Tunbridge Wells, Kent, cm (1835). Son bapt. on 13 August 1835. [PR (bapt.)]

Strange, S. B., Bristol, French polisher (1837–40). Had a workshop at 10 Horse Fair, 1837–38 but from 1839–40 shown at 29 Milk St where the initials are given as S.D. [D]

Strangeway & Taylor, Pall Mall, London (1765). In 1765 supplied to Corsham Court, Wilts., a pair of shagreen and inlaid chests which are now displayed in the Gallery. In 1765 they were described as ‘fine India Dressing boxes’. [V&A archives]

Strangeways, Christopher, London, cm (1793). Subscribed to Sheraton's Drawing Book, 1793.

Strangeways, James, 150 Whitechapel Rd, London, cm etc. (1808–11). [D]

Stransom, William, London St, Uxbridge, Middlx, cm and u (1839). The same directory also lists this maker as a furniture broker at Hillingdon End. These two addresses are possibly identical. [D] Probably:

Stransum, W., London Rd, Staines, Middlx, auctioneer, appraiser and u (1838). [D]

Strap, John, Liverpool, u (1837–39). At 4 Nash St with a shop at 136 Richmond Row in 1837 but in 1839 shown at 40 Richmond Row. [D]

Stratford, Daniel, 83 Tottenham Ct Rd, London, cm, u and furniture broker (1827). [D]

Stratford, George, Maldon, Essex, cm (1839). [D]

Stratford, Henry, High Wycombe, Bucks., chairmaker (1816). Daughter bapt. in 1816. [PR (bapt.)]

Stratford, John, Gloucester, cm and u (1830–39). Trading at Blackfriars in 1830 and Southgate St in 1839. [D]

Stratford, Samuel, Sherrard St, London, cm (1776). In 1776 insured his utensils and stock for £100. [GL, Sun MS vol. 246, p. 566]

Stratford, Thomas, London, upholder (1722–42). Son of John Stratford of Milton Post, Glos., Gent. App. to George Friend on 4 September 1722 and Ovebury Hale, freeman and member of the Drapers’ Co., September 1722. Free of the Upholders’ Co. by servitude, 7 April 1742. [GL, Upholders’ Co. records]

Stratford, Thomas, St John's Bridge, Bristol, bedstead and chair maker (1823–39). [D]

Stratham, Benjamin, 123 Chapel St, Salford, Lancs., cm (1839). [D]

Stratton, John & Co., 213 Tottenham Ct Rd, London, cm, chairmakers and u (1820–25). In one directory of 1820 the business was listed as Stratton & Waddingham. [D]

Strawbridge, Thomas, London(?), u and chairmaker (1691). Two bills survive in the Stoneleigh Abbey archives, one dated 4 April 1691 and the other 30 August 1691. Both concern goods supplied to Theophilus Leigh by this maker. The earlier bill totals £5 1s but the latter was for a number of very substantial commissions and amounted to £113 15s 10d. In the main the items listed were upholstery materials and twelve days labour but some finished furniture was also included. The most interesting item was a charge of £7 10s for four back stools and two elbow chairs ‘black varnished’ and upholstered in crimson damask. In a sale of contents from Stoneleigh Abbey in October 1981 a set of four japanned side chairs were offered for sale. These had contemporary polychrome leather coverings but might possibly be the set supplied by Strawbridge. A further set of six chairs of William and Mary period en suite with the other but in crimson damask are also possibly by this maker. [Shakespeare Birthplace Trust, Leigh receipts, DR 18/5/1030; Christie's, 15–16 October 1981, lots 100–01]

Strawder, Charles Ward, York, looking-glass maker (1809). App. to David Doeg of York, looking-glass maker 28 May 1802. Strawder was said to be from Sheffield, Yorks. Free of York in 1809. [App. bk; freemen roll]

Streat, William, New Canal St, Salisbury, Wilts, carver and gilder (1830). [D]

Streater, John Sonds, Canterbury, Kent, u (1752). In 1752 took app. named Obree. [S of G, app. index]

Stredder (or Stridder), Edward, High St, Royston, Herts., cm and u (1826–39). Trading also as a confectioner in 1838. [D]

Streemson, John, Gainsborough, Lincs., chairmaker (1720). In 1720 took app. named Tee. [S of G, app. index]

Street, George, West St, Exeter, Devon, cm (1837). Daughter Louisa bapt. at St Mary Major on 3 September 1837. [PR (bapt.)]

Street, Henry, St Sidwell St, Exeter, Devon, cm (1820–25). Children bapt. at St Sidwell's Church, 1820–23. [D; PR (bapt.)]

Street, John, Colyton, Devon, cm (1838). [D]

Street, Joseph, St Nicholas, Colchester, Essex, u (d. 1716). Probate granted on will, 1716. [Wills at Chelmsford]

Street, Joseph, Southampton, Hants., chairmaker (1789–98). [D; Hants. RO, SC/3/927A]

Street, Richard, Bedford St, Covent Gdn, London, carver, gilder and print seller (1784). Trade card in Dept of Prints, GL. [Westminster poll bk]

Street, Samuel, Canterbury, Kent, cm (1818–30). At Castle St in June 1818 but in 1826 living in the parish of St Mildred. [Poll bks]

Streeter, Charles, High St, Croydon, Surrey, cm (1826–32). Listed also as a chairmaker in 1826 and u in 1832. [D]

Streeter, Sarah, Canterbury, Kent, upholder (1745). In 1745 took app. named Mitchell. [S of G, app. index]

Streeting, Thomas, Northgate, Canterbury, Kent, cm (1826). [Poll bk]

Stretch, Joseph, 3 Ridgefield, Manchester, u (1825). [D]

Stretch & Rainford, 63 Lord St, Liverpool, cm and u (1834–37). Joseph Stretch, one of the partners lived at Kirkdale Rd, Liverpool. The firm claimed to manufacture cabinet furniture and could also offer from stock ‘CARPETING consisting of Turkey, Wilton, Brussels, Kidderminster and Venetian as also their stock of PAPER HANGINGS, being regularly supplied from the most respectable Manufacturers’. [D]

Stretton, John, Chester, cm (1818–26). Free 12 May 1818. At George St in 1818, George's Yd in 1819 and Princes St in 1826. [Poll bk]

Stretton, John, Eastbourne, Sussex, cm (1826). [D]

Stretton, Samuel, Fazeley, Tamworth, Staffs., cm and u (1822). [D]

Stribling, William, High St, Barnstaple, Devon, cm and u (1806–40). Also a publican in 1806. His brother Charles Stribling, a schoolmaster, died in July 1840. [D; Exeter Flying Post, 23 October 1806, 16 July 1840]

Strickett, George, Pilgrim St, Newcastle, cm/carpenter (1778). [D]

Strickland & Jenkins, 75 Long Acre, London, cm and u (1777– 93). Successors to John Cobb. Strickland was the nephew of William Vile and had probably been associated with the business of Vile and Cobb and later with John Cobb after his partner's death in September 1767. A mahogany window seat is known with the signature in ink on the inside of the seat rail ‘Strickland September 1st 1763’. Strickland is also named in connection with the supply to Strawberry Hill in 1773 of a plumed bed hung with Aubusson tapestry and a set of white and gold elbow chairs from Paris. On 16 April 1763 John Cobb paid Sally Strickland £64 but no subsequent payments are recorded in Cobb's bank account. John Jenkins was Cobb's foreman. Strickland & Jenkins in addition to their work as cm and u were undertakers and appraisers. Their only known commissions were for Alexander Wedderburn. A payment of £33 16s was made in 1777 to the partners. This was a year before Cobb's death. A further payment of £36 5s was made in 1787. From 1794 John Jenkins traded on his own behalf at 75 Long Acre, his partner having probably retired or died. He is last recorded in 1808. [D; Heal; V&A archives; Banks Coll., BM; C. Life, 10 June 1954, p. 1896; Scottish RO, GD/64/Box 20/177/2]

Strickley, John, Blackheath Hill, Lewisham, London, cm and u (1832). [D]

Strife, Joachim, Noel St, Westminster, London, picture frame maker (1749). [Poll bk]

Striling, W., Tiverton, Devon, cm (1828). On 5 August 1828 his daughter Elizabeth married a W. Beck, draper. [The Alfred, 5 August 1828]

Stringer, Gabriel, Bristol, u (1721–22). In 1721 took app. named Reynolds. [S of G, app. index; poll bk]

Stringer, Gabriel, Bristol, carver and gilder (1792–1816). In 1792 at Christmas St, 1793–95 at St John's Bridge, and 1799 onwards at St Augustine's back, the number being 26 from 1805. From 1809–15 the business traded as Stringer & Browne but in 1816 Gabriel Stringer was the sole proprietor once again. The business was being carried on in 1817 from this address by Nancy Stringer. [D]

Stringer, J. A., 8 Leather Lane, Holborn, London, carver and gilder (1835–37). [D]

Stringer, John, Chester, u (1749–97). At St Peter's Churchyard 1781–89 but in 1771–84 living at Watergate St. John Stringer was app. to Harwar Harvey, u on 24 August 1749 for eight years. He was free 1 April 1755. Subsequently he took as apps John Davenport in 1764 and Thomas Stringer Latchford who was declared free 1797. [D; poll bks; app. bk; freemen rolls]

Stringer, John, 45 Lever St, Manchester, cm (1804). [D]

Stringer, Joseph, Scotch Common, Sandbach, Cheshire, cm and machine maker (1828–34). Also trading in Sandbach at this period was Stephen Stringer of Wheelock Saw Mills, joiner and sawyer of veneers by circular and other saws. [D]

Stringer, Nancy, 26 St Augustine's back, Bristol, carver and gilder (1817). Successor to Gabriel Stringer at this address and succeeded by Thomas Spurrier. [D]

Stringer, Stephen, Ilminster, Som., upholder (1763). Bankruptcy announced, Gents Mag., January 1763.

Stringer, Stephen, Bristol, carver (1774–81). Living in the parish of St Augustine in 1774 and the parish of St John in 1781. [Poll bks]

Strode, Byslet, 16 Cheapside, Liverpool, u (1781–84). [D]

Strode, Edward & John, London, cm (1715–53). Edward Strode was living in the parish of St Bride, Fleet St by 1715 when his address was given as Ditch Side. In that year he served as Scavenger and in 1716 as Questman and was fined for declining parochial office in 1717 and 1723. In 1720 he was trading at ‘The Queen's Head & Ball’, Fleet Ditch. His trade card states that he made and sold ‘all Sorts of Joyners and Cabinetmakers Goods, viz Cabinets, Scrutores, Desks, and Book-Cases; Chests of Drawers, Cabinet-Beds, Union-Shutes, Glasses, Sconces’. A receipt of this year was, however, signed by John Strode and an insurance policy taken out in July 1722 was in his name also. This provided cover for goods of £500. A John Stroud jnr is recorded in the parish records of the Church of St Bride from 1725, in which year he served as Constable. He also held the position of Collector for the Poor in 1738 and Scavenger in 1745. Edward's surname was also rendered as Stroud in the parish records. John jnr's address was given as Ditch Side. This seems to indicate that the two were closely related. It is, however, not clear whether the John Strode jnr active from 1725 is identical with the John Strode recorded in 1720 and 1722. Certainly John Strode did not take over the business this early for in April 1727 insurance documents were issued in the name of Edward for a total cover of £1,000 of which £500 was for utensils and stock. John jnr traded until 1753, the year of his death, when the address was rendered as ‘The Queen's Head & Sun, in the middle of Fleet Market’. In this year his household furniture and stock in trade was auctioned for the benefit of his widow and children. Two customers of this business are known. In 1720 goods to the value of £1 9s were supplied to Paul Foley of the Temple and Little Ormond St, London and Newport House, Almeley, Herefs. In 1728 a chest of drawers and twelve chairs were supplied to Holkham Hall, Norfolk at a cost of £2 8s. A further chest of drawers supplied in the same year was charged at £1 10s. [Herefs. RO, Foley MS, F/AIII/ 55; GL, Sun MS vol. 14, ref. 25864; vol. 23, ref. 41326; MS 6561, pp. 5, 14; BM, Burney MS, 4266; V&A archives]

Strong, Francis, Swallow St, Westminster, London, cm (1749). [Poll bk]

Strong, John, Carlisle, Cumb., chairmaker (1829–34). In Blackfriars St in 1829 and Finkle St in 1834. [D]

Strong, William, Brisco, Carlisle, Cumb., joiner/cm (1828–34). [D]

Stroubridge, Nicholas, Russell St, Covent Gdn, London, upholder (1709–16). In August 1712 took out insurance cover of £500 on his house. Supplied 37 yards of light blue calamanco to Elizabeth, Duchess of Bedford in 1709 at a cost of £5 11s. In 1716 supplied a looking glass costing £1 15s to the household of the Duke of Bedford. [GL, Hand in Hand MS vol. 10, ref. 23670; Bedford Office London]

Stroud, John, 72 Kirkgate, Leeds, Yorks., carver, gilder and barometer maker (1837). [D]

Stroud, Joseph, Kilwardby St, Ashby-de-la-Zouch, Leics., turner and chairmaker (1822–29). [D]

Strouts, Thomas, London, upholder (1711). Free of the Upholders’ Co. 6 June 1711. [GL, Upholders’ Co. records]

Strouts, Thomas, Noce Lane, Canterbury, Kent, u (1723–49). In April 1723 took out insurance cover of £250 on his house, outhouses and warehouse. In 1749 took app. named Varham. [GL, Sun MS vol. 15, ref. 28418; S of G, app. index]

Strudwick, John, Bridge St, Chertsey, Surrey, cm etc. (1822–26). [D]

Strudwicke, Henry, Guildford, Surrey, u (1790–96). Shown in Trinity parish in June 1790 and the High St in May 1796. [Poll bks]

Strudwicke, Henry, 26 Mount St, Lambeth, London, u and estate agent (1820). [D]

Strugnell, Charles E., 63 West St, Smithfield, London, fancy cm, u, portable desk and cabinet case maker (1835–39). [D]

Strugnell, Charles, 145 Long Lane, Southwark, London, cm and u (1839). [D]

Strugnell, James, 14 Cross St, Hatton Gdn, London, cm, u, writing and dressing case, portable desk and cabinet case maker (1829–39). [D]

Strugnell, Joseph, Devizes, Wilts., cm (1793). [D]

Strutt, Benjamin, 119 Aldersgate St, London, portable desk, dressing case, work box and cabinet case maker (1839). [D]

Strutt, Joseph, 3 Newgate St, London, looking-glass manufacturer (1774–82). [D]

Strutton, —, 17 Hollen St, Soho, London, cm (1809). [D]

Stuart, Alexander, 33 Charles St, Hampstead Rd, London, cm (1793–1808). Subscribed to Sheraton's Drawing Book, 1793. [D]

Stuart, Charles, Norris St, Westminster, London, cm (1749). [Poll bk]

Stuart, Charles, Salisbury, Wilts., cm (1753). In 1753 took app. named Harwood. [S of G, app. index]

Stuart, Francis, Coventry Ct, Westminster, London, cm (1749). [Poll bk]

Stuart, George, London, carver and gilder (1816–19). Undertook carving and gilding for the Duke of Norfolk at Norfolk House, London, 1816–19. [Arundel Castle records, MD 662]

Stuart, Henry, London, cm, u etc. (1771). In February to May 1771 undertook a substantial commission for Sir Gilbert Heathcote. Some of this work was for his house at North End, Fulham and included dying bed and window curtains, supplying cushions for ‘bamboo elbow chairs’ and a mahogany card table ‘with Marlborough legs’. New bed cornices were produced and a man despatched to Grosvenor Sq. to pack up six Bamboo chairs there. Other work involved hanging a room ‘with India Taffity Paper, cutting out Flowers &c and making out and filling up the Pattern’ which took two men eight days to complete. Wilton carpets were supplied for Normanton Park. The total cost of the commission came to £155 11s 10¼d. The account was settled on 8 February 1772 but Stuart had recently died and the receipt was given by Samuel Severn on the behalf of ‘Mrs Bridget Catherine Stuart administratrix’. Stuart had been in partnership with Samuel Severn from 1769 and the partnership may still have been active at the time of this commission but the account is in Stuart's name only and the payment appears to have been accepted in the name of his wife which may equally suggest that the partnership was terminated by c. 1770. [Lincoln RO, ANC8/12, 2 ANC 12/D/28–29] See Samuel Severn.

Stuart, John, Pennington's Yd, Highgate, Kendal, Westmld, chairmaker, u and turner (1828–34). [D]

Stuart, Matthew, Bell St, North Shields, Northumb., cm (1828). [D]

Stubberfield, John, Gabriel's Hill, Maidstone, Kent, chairmaker (1830–39). Freeman of Rochester, Kent. [D; Rochester poll bk; Maidstone poll bk]

Stubbin(g)s, Francis, Moorgate, Retford, Notts., chairmaker (1822–35). Also listed at Church St, 1828. [D]

Stubbins, Thomas, Moorgate, Retford, Notts., chairmaker and turner (1832). [D]

Stubbs, Daniel, Bawtry, Yorks., cm (1714–23). In 1714 took app. named Turner and in 1723, Goodwin. [S of G, app. index]

Stubbs, George & Co., 64 Gt Portland St, London, picture and looking-glass frame makers (1837–39). One directory of 1839 described the business as a cm and u. [D]

Stubbs, James, Sowerby Bridge, Yorks., joiner and cm (1830). [D]

Stubbs, John, City Rd and Old St, London, chairmaker (1779– 1814). Although trade cards list both the City Rd and Old St addresses, directory entries refer to the Old St premises only. These were initially at 3 Brick Lane, Old St but from 1800 the address became 20 Old St. From 1812 the business traded as Stubbs & Smith. Their trade card, which has an identical frame and engravings to that of Lock & Foulger and William Webb, states that John Stubbs could supply ‘all sorts of Yew Tree Gothic & Windsor Chairs Alcoves & Rural Seats Gardening Machines Dyed Chairs &c.’. He was included in the list of master cabinet makers in Sheraton's Cabinet Dictionary, 1803. In 1782 he took out insurance cover of £300 of which £100 was for utensils and stock. In January 1812 insurance cover at 21 Old St was taken out in the name of William Stubbs at £700 for the dwelling house and offices (£400) and household goods only. William, described as a chairmaker, may have been the son of John, living next door and active in the business. [D; Banks Coll., BM; GL, Sun MS vol. 303, p. 251; vol. 455, ref. 864859]

Stubbs, John S., Broker Row, Moorfields, London, u (1814–15). [D]

Stubbs, John, Hunslet, Leeds, Yorks., cm (1817–30). [D]

Stubbs, John, 4 St Cuthbert's Lane, Carlisle, Cumb., cm/joiner (1834). [D]

Stubbs, Joseph, Otley, Yorks, joiner/cm (1834). [D]

Stubbs, Richard, 11 Archer St in Windmill St, Haymarket, London, cm and u (1777). In 1777 took out insurance cover of £200 which included £30 for utensils and stock. This may represent an early stage in his business career. Subsequently he was to issue a trade card with the same address which might suggest a business of somewhat more substantial proportions. [GL, Sun MS vol. 254, p. 469]

Stubbs, Samuel, Foregate St, Chester, cm (1812). Free 5 October 1812. [Freemen rolls; poll bk]

Stubbs, William, Market St, Worthing, Sussex, cm and u (1823). [D]

Stubs, —, St James's St, Brighton, Sussex, u (1805). [D]

Stuck, Matthew, Coggleshall, Essex, cm (1823–26). [D]

Studholm, R., Bridge St, Caldewgate, Carlisle, Cumb., joiner and cm (1810). [D]

Studholme, John Carlisle, Cumb., joiner/cm (1828–34). At Caldewgate in 1828–29 but in 1834 the address was given as 24 Bridge St. This may, however, be the same location. Probably the successor of R. Studholm who was at this address in 1810. [D]

Studwell, W., Stamford, Lincs., turner, French polisher, cm, u and undertaker (c. 1830–40). In 1864 the business was described as W. Studwell & Son and was trading from an address in St John St. W. Studwell claimed to have had thirty four years experience ‘as a Practical Workman’. [Johnson's Household Almanac, 1864]

Sturdee, William Henry, Broomfield Pl., Deptford, London, carver and gilder (1839). [D]

Sturdy, George, Bell's Ct, Pilgrim St, Newcastle, carver and gilder (1824–38). [D]

Sturdy, John, Southampton, Hants., cm and u (1805–39). At St Michael's Sq. in 1805; 52 French St in 1830; Lansdown Hill, 1834–39, no. 1 in 1839; and Commercial Rd, also in 1839. [D]

Sturdy, Stephen jnr, Middleham, Yorks., joiner/cm (1834). [D]

Sturdy, Thomas, Hungate, Pickering, Yorks., joiner and cm (1840). [D]

Sturge, Harry, 16 Marlborough St, Bristol, cm (1775). [D]

Sturges & Noake, Cheap St, Sherborne, Dorset, cm (1823). [D]

Sturgis, John, ‘The Rose & Crown’, next door to ‘The White Rose Inn’, Fleet Mkt, London, chairmaker (c. 1750). His trade card states that he was ‘apprentice to the late Mr. Williams’. He offered ‘All Sorts of Leather & Matted Chairs’. [Heal]

Sturney, James, Weymouth, Dorset, cm and u (1803–13). In 1803 subscribed to Sheraton's Cabinet Dictionary. Bankruptcy announced, Exeter Flying Post, 19 August 1813.

Sturt, Andrew Valentine, London, upholder (1772–79). Son of Andrew Sturt of the Minories, a servant of the East India Co. App. to Joseph Grannar on 1 July 1772 and free of the Upholders’ Co. by servitude, 6 October 1779 at which date he was at Mr William's, upholder, Pavement, Moorfields. [GL, Upholders’ Co. records]

Sturton, Arnold, against ‘The Red Lion’, Holborn, London, upholder (1719). [GL, Sun MS vol. 9, p. 148]

Stuttard, James, 12 Basing Lane, London, cm and u (1839). [D]

Styfield, Thomas, 35 Old Compton St, Soho, London, carver and glass grinder (1790–93). [D]

Style, Edward, London, carver (1783–1802). In 1783 at 116 Fore St, Cripplegate where he took out insurance cover of £100 including £10 for utensils and stock. In 1802 at 16 Old Bethlem where the insurance cover was the same in total. [GL, Sun MS vol. 317, p. 191; vol. 424, ref. 738336]

Style, Thomas, Broad Church Alley, Plymouth, Devon, fancy furniture painter (1822). [D]

Styles, James, 83½ High St, Ramsgate, Kent, cm (1838). [D]

Styles, Thomas, 61 Lower Sloane St, London, cm and u (1835– 39). [D]

Styring, George, 22 Leecroft, Sheffield, Yorks. cm (1821–28). Succeeded by Richard W. Styring. [D]

Styring, James, 2 Change Alley, Sheffield, Yorks., u (1833–37). Successor to Robert Styring at this address. [D]

Styring, Richard W. (or William), 13 Lee Croft, Sheffield, Yorks., cm, broker and paperhanger (1837). Successor to George Styring. [D]

Styring, Robert, Change Alley, Sheffield, Yorks., cm and u (1814–28). At 26 Change Alley in 1817 but in 1825 the number was 2. Initially traded as a paperhanger, u, appraiser and auctioneer but in 1828 listed as a cm and u. Was succeeded at this address by James Styring. [D]

Such, John, 169 Kent St, Southwark, London, chairmaker (1820). [D]

Sudbury, J., High St, Loughborough, Leics., cm (1835). [D]

Sudbury, James, Cockey Lane, Norwich, upholder and cm (1783–1812). The number in Cockey Lane was 5, 1784–1810, but one directory of 1801 indicates 4. James Sudbury lived in the parish of St Peter Mancroft 1797–1812 but a poll bk of 1807 indicates parish of St Stephen. From 1801 the business traded as James Sudbury & Son. James Sudbury took as app. James Colby who was free 5 May 1799. One of his customers was Parson James Woodforde who records several transactions in his Diary. On 4 April he took delivery of a sideboard and a mahogany cellaret which had been brought from Norwich by two of Sudbury's workmen, Abraham Seely and Isaac Warren. Woodforde paid £4 4s 6d for these goods on a visit to Norwich on 24 May. Earlier, on 14 May of this year, Woodforde had also paid this maker £5 7s. Sudbury called on Woodforde on 31 May to discuss an order for dining tables and then went on to Weston House ‘to look at their furniture’. The new mahogany dining tables were delivered on 10 December and consisted of a centre table and two half round ones that could be added at either end. The cost was £7 7s but an allowance of £2 18s was given on three tables taken in part exchange. On 16 September 1796 Sudbury was putting up window curtains and on 24 April 1797 he called again hoping for orders which did not materialise. [D; poll bks; freemen reg.]

Sudbury, John, Swaffham, Norfolk, upholder and cm (1784). [D]

Sudbury, John, High St, Loughborough, Leics., cm (1835). [D]

Sudbury, William Shipman jnr, Bury St Edmunds, Suffolk, cm (1755). In 1755 took app. named Archer. [S of G, app. index]

Sudbury, William, Swaffham, Norfolk, u (d. 1825). Will proved at Norwich in 1825. [Norfolk Record Soc., index of wills]

Suddert, John, Liverpool, cm (1752). In 1752 took app. named Fisher. [S of G, app. index]

Suddorth, John, Liverpool, cm (1760). Took as app. John Highfield who was free 1760. [Freemen bk]

Sudell, Margaret, 21 Everton Gdns, Preston, Lancs., cm (1825). [D]

Sudell, Thomas, 6 Churchgate, Preston, Lancs., carpenter and cm (1722. d. by 1762). Had three sons, Thomas, John and James. In 1722 Thomas jnr was stated to be a carpenter and in 1742 a joiner. Sudell was dead by 1762 in which year the death of his son James, an attorney at law of Liverpool was announced. [Freemen rolls; rate bk]

Sudlow, James, Liverpool, u (1818–37). At 4 Meadow St in 1818 and 17 Mount Pl. in 1837. [D]

Sudlow, John, 7 Taylor St, Manchester, cm (1804–17). [D]

Sudlow, T., Newcastle-under-Lyme, Staffs., u (1782). In July 1782 advertised for an u and also an app. ‘with or without a premium’. [Chester Chronicle, 12 July 1782]

Sudron, James, West Row, Stockton, Co. Durham, cm (1832). [D]

Suffolk, William, 11 Princes St, Leicester Fields, London, cm and upholder (1778–81). In 1778 insured his utensils and stock for £200 but by 1781 the total insurance cover was £2,000 of which £500 was for utensils and stock. [GL, Sun MS vol. 266, p. 588; vol. 294, p. 148]

Sugden, Abraham, Haworth, Yorks., cm (1822–30). [D]

Sugden, Absalom, Haworth, Yorks., cm (1837). [D]

Sugden, George, Lower St, Deal, Kent, u (1832–39). At 14 Lower St in 1838 but in the following year the number was 9. Freeman of Sandwich, Kent. [D; Sandwich poll bk]

Sugden, Joseph, London, cm (1801–23). At 46 Clipstone St in January 1801 where he took out insurance cover of £150. In December 1823 at 7 Harcourt St, Lisson Green where he took out insurance cover of £1,000. Of this £200 was for a workshop behind his house, £100 for utensils and stock in it and the balance for his new dwelling house and household goods. [GL, Sun MS vol. 419, ref. 712757; vol. 499, ref. 1010786]

Sugden, William, Park Lane, Keighley, Yorks., joiner/cm (1837). [D]

Sugdon, James, Tollgavel, Beverley, Yorks., cm (1831–34). [D]

Sugg, James, Exeter, Devon, cm (1816–38). At Southernhay Lane in August 1822 when his daughter Mary Ann was bapt. at Holy Trinity Church. Traded at Goldsmith St, 1831–34. In February 1831 this was described as a ‘chair, Sofa and Cabinet Manufactory opposite the New Market’. Amongst the stock was a ‘handsome French pattern BAZAAR TABLE’. In 1838 trading in Lower North St. [D; Exeter Flying Post, 24 February 1831]

Suggitt, David, 84 Newborough St, Scarborough, Yorks., cm, u and paperhanger (1834). [D]

Suggle, William, 440 Strand, London, carver and gilder (1815). [D]

Sully, George, 1 Kenton St, Brunswick Sq., London, cm, chair and sofa maker (1839). [D]

Sumeran, Bartholomew, 27 Lisle St, Leicester Sq., London, cm, carver, gilder and looking-glass manufacturer (1826–39). In 1826 described as a cm, in 1835–39 as a looking-glass manufacturer and in 1837 also as a carver and gilder. [D]

Summerland, Thomas, Deritend, Birmingham, joiner and cm (1780). [D]

Summer, John, Liverpool, carver (1806–31). Free 1806. Took as apps George Millne (1813–22), William Quirke (1814–22), William Smith (1818–30), Thomas Bisett (1819–30) and Thomas Roberts (1821–31). [Freemen bk]

Summer (or Sumner), John, Lane End, Staffs., cm and u (1828– 35). Listed at Green Dock in 1828 and Flint St, 1834–35. [D]

Summer, John, Liverpool, cm (1839). Born 14 October 1818. Son of Robert Summer, cm and free by patrimony in 1839. [Freemen bk]

Summerfield, John, Bridge St, Worcester, u (1818–40). Free 1818. Recorded at 15 Bridge St, 1828–37. [D; freemen rolls]

Summerfield, Stephen, Chapel St, Cheadle, Staffs., chairmaker, turner and basket maker (1834–35). [D]

Summers, —, London, cm (1793). Subscribed to Sheraton's Drawing Book, 1793.

Summers, Claus Herman, Neale's Passage, Earl St, London, cm (1780). In 1780 took out insurance cover of £200 of which £50 was for utensils and goods. [GL, Sun MS vol. 282, p. 286]

Summers, George, Market Pl., Maidenhead, Berks., cm and u (1840). [D]

Summers, I., 13 Chenies St, Bedford Sq., London, carver and gilder (1835). [D]

Summers, J. H., North St, Bishop's Stortford, Herts., auctioneer, u, ironmonger and Agent to the Sun Assurance (1838). [D] Probably:

Summers, James, Hillatt, Bishop's Stortford, Herts., u (1832). [D]

Summers, James, Cambridge, u and cm (1830–39). At Wheeler St, 1830–35 and Bridge St in 1839. [D; poll bks]

Summers, John, Chester, carver and gilder (1787–d. 1834). At Nine Houses in 1787, City Walls, 1789–92, and from 1814–16 at Weaver's Lane. Died on 7 February 1823 aged 82. [D; Liverpool Mercury, 7 February 1834]

Summers, John, Liverpool, carver (1809–34). Married in December 1809 at St Nicholas's Church Miss Margaret Baynes of Liverpool. In 1827 trading at 13 Basnett St and in 1834 at 18 Greek St. [D; Liverpool Courier, 13 December 1809]

Summers, John, 21 King St, Soho, London, chair and sofa maker (1835). [D]

Summers, Ralph, Liverpool, cm (1812–24). Free 7 October 1812 and then living at Baptist St. In 1824 trading from 35 Lace St. [D]

Summers, Robert, Liverpool, cm (1818–37). App. to William Harvey 1810 and petitioned for his freedom 1818. Trading at 6 Cavendish St in 1818 and 1 Northampton St in 1837. [D; freemen bk]

Summers, Thomas, Bridge St, Belper, Derbs., joiner and cm (1834). [D] Possibly Thomas Sumner of Belper.

Summers, William, parish of St James, Bristol, picture frame maker and gilder (1734–39). [Poll bks]

Summers, William, Tottenham Ct Rd, London, bedstead manufacturer, u and cm (1816–39). At 253 Tottenham Ct Rd, 1816–19 but from 1820–29 the number was 153. In 1829 both 152 and 153 are listed. In 1835 the number was 149 and from 1837–39, 2 Tottenham Pl., Tottenham Ct Rd. The trade description varies to some degree from directory to directory. From 1816–25 bedsteads and bedding appear to have been the main items of manufacture and trade. Summers is listed as an u, 1826–37, a cm in 1835 and a furniture broker in 1839. [D]

Summerscale, Thomas, Wakefield, Yorks., cm (1773–98). In 1773 supplied to Kirklees Hall, Yorks. a wainscot bookcase at £8 10s and six splat back chairs at £1 19s. In the next year silk fabric and a bed were among the items totalling £12 14s which were supplied. [D: Huddersfield RO, Kirklees papers]

Summerskill, Charles, Rock St, Bury, Lancs., chairmaker (1834). [D]

Sumner, Daniel, Salford, Lancs., and Manchester, cm (1808–17). In 1808 near Islington St, Salford but from 1813–17 at 4 Silver St, Hulme, Manchester. [D]

Sumner, John, Liverpool, carver (1806–39). Free 31 October 1806. Trading at 29 Crosshall St as a carver and shopkeeper in 1813. In 1816 at 30 Crosshall St, in 1818 at 22 Haymarket and thereafter in Basnett St. The number in Basnett St was 17 in 1824 and 13, 1827–37. In 1834 he was described as a carver, gilder and furniture broker. In 1839 at 23 Basnett St and 15 Gt George St. [D; freemen reg.]

Sumner, Robert, Staines, Middlx, upholder (1719–28). In April 1719 insured goods and merchandise in his dwelling house and in July 1728 houses, brewhouses, stables for £500. [GL, Sun MS vol. 9, p. 182; vol. 26, p. 257]

Sumner, Robert, Windsor, Berks., u (1726–27). Free 18 January 1726/27 on payment of a fine of £8 8s. [Second hall bk of the borough of Windsor]

Sumner, Thomas, Belper, Derbs., cm (1822). [D] Possibly Thomas Summers of Belper.

Sumner, Thomas, Liverpool, carver and gilder (1835–39). At 32 Gt Richmond St in 1835, 158 Islington in 1837 and 4 Islington in 1839. [D]

Sumners, John, Chester, carver and gilder (d. 1834). Died on 4 February 1834 at his son's residence, Mount Pleasant, aged 82. He was described as being ‘formerly of this city’. [Chester Courant, 11 February 1834]

Sumners, John, Liverpool, cm (1839). Free 21 July 1839. [Freemen reg.]

Sumners, Robert, Liverpool, cm (1818–39). Free 11 June 1818. In 1839 trading at 1 Southampton St but formerly at Adelaide St, Blair St and 7 Devonshire St. [D; freemen reg.]

Sumners (or Summers) & Sworder, North St, Bishop's Stortford, Herts., cm and u (1839). [D]

Sunderland, George, Gilbert St, Bloomsbury, London, cm (1818). In 1818 took an app. through the Grinsell's Charity. [Westminster Ref. Lib., MS E3559]

Sunley, William, Regent's Ct, Lower Union St, Hull, Yorks., cm (1839). [D] Probably the William Sunley who was app. in April 1814 to John Dickon of Hull as a cm and chairmaker. [App. reg.]

Sunman, Richard, Savile St, Malton, Yorks., joiner, cm and appraiser (1840). [D]

Surman, Jeremiah, London, cm and furniture broker (1729–35). At Soho Sq., St Anne's where he maintained show and salerooms. In 1734 at York St, Covent Gdn. Bankruptcy announced, London Gazette, 7 May 1735. It is debatable whether he actually made furniture. He appears to have held stocks of furniture and also conducted auction sales. In July 1733 he sold by auction the stock of Francis Croxford, chair and cabinet maker. Two receipted bills in the Strafford papers in the BM refer to the supply of a mahogany basin stand on 13 January 1731 for £1 1s and a walnut table on 3 February 1731/32 at £1. Amongst the Holkham Hall, Norfolk accounts is a reference to the supply in 1730 of ‘2 codrell tables & 2 fire screens’ at a cost of £6 12s by ‘Surman’. [Heal; Conn., February 1933, pp. 89–94, June 1933, pp. 375–76; V&A archives]

Surrey, John, 32 Garden Row, London Rd, London, cm etc. (1811–12). [D]

Surridge, William, London, upholder (1772–86). Son of James Surridge. Free of the Upholders’ Co. by redemption, 7 October 1772 and at 54 Fetter Lane, 1778–86. [GL, Upholders’ Co. records]

Sussex, George, 5 Bridgwater Gdns, near Bridgwater Sq., London, chairmaker (1774). In November 1774 took out insurance cover of £400. Of this total £190 was for utensils in his workshops in Cupers Ct, Golden Lane and timber, and a further £190 for utensils and stock in yards and a shed adjoining. [GL, Sun MS vol. 235, ref. 346552]

Sutcliffe, James, Todmorden, Yorks., joiner/cm (1830–37). At Millwood, Todmorden in 1830 and at Lobb Mill, Stansfield township and Salford, Todmorden in 1837. [D]

Sutcliffe, William, Burnley, Lancs., cm, chairmaker, turner and u (1824–40). Shown in one directory of 1824 at New Road End and in another at 7 Market St. At 13 St James St, 1828–34 but in 1838 the number was 12. In 1835 when a ‘town committee’ was formed from the twenty leading tradesmen in the town William Sutcliffe was included. [D; Bennett, History of Burnley, vol. 3] See Sutcliffe & Hartley.

Sutcliffe, William, Heptonstall, Yorks., joiner/cm (1834). [D]

Sutcliffe & Hartley, St James's St, Burnley, Lancs., cm and chairmakers (1822). [D] See William Sutcliffe of Burnley.

Sutheran, George, Smeaton St, Hull, Yorks., cm (1838). [D]

Sutherland, Alexander, Plymouth, Devon, cm (1822–38). At Frankfort St in 1822 and 1838 and George St in 1830 and 1836. [D]

Sutherland, John, Petergate, York, u (1818). [D]

Sutton, C., 15 Surrey Rd, Blackfriars Rd, London, carver and gilder (1808). [D]

Sutton, Charles, 22 Mint St, Southwark, London, bedstead maker (1839). [D]

Sutton, Daniel, Salford, Lancs., cm (1794–1811). At Brown St, 1794–97 and 135 Chapel St, 1800–11. [D]

Sutton, Elizabeth, 135 Chapel St, Salford, Lancs., cm (1808). [D]

Sutton, Henry, 17 Skinner St, Clerkenwell, London, carver and gilder (1835–39). [D]

Sutton, James, 4 Crown St, Preston, Lancs., cm (1818–40). Trading at Crown St in 1818. Freeman of Preston and had three sons who are all listed on the freemen rolls in 1822 and 1842. [D; freemen rolls]

Sutton, Jehu, Leicester, joiner, turner and cm (1720). Free 1720. Took many apps, including John Brown, to learn the art of silvering glass. [Freemen rolls; app. regs]

Sutton, John, London, upholder (1733–43). Son of John Sutton of Shadwell, London, ballastman. App. to Jonathan Fawconer on 18 February 1733 and free of the Upholders’ Co. by servitude, 4 October 1743. [GL, Upholders’ Co. records]

Sutton, John, Round Ct, Strand, London, carver (1757). In June 1757 advertised as a fugitive for debt. Described as late of Warwick. [London Gazette, 14–17 June 1757]

Sutton, John, Wednesbury, Staffs., cm (1834). [D]

Sutton, Leigh, Mersey St, Liverpool, cm (1757–d. 1773). App. to Josiah Baxendale and petitioned for freedom in 1757. Free 12 March 1761. Traded from premises in Mersey St, 1767–73 and took as apps David Beard and John Hind, both free in 1780, and Samuel Biggins, free 1790. All of these apps no doubt completed their apprenticeship under other masters, for Leigh Sutton died 1773. In September of that year his stock of ‘well-seasoned MAHOGANY & WALNUT BOARDS, & LOGS’ on the Mersey St premises were offered for sale. His completed cabinet goods were offered at reduced prices and persons interested in taking over the house, shop and stock with a view to continuing the business were invited to contact Mrs Sutton in Mersey St, a John Sutton or Zacharias Barnes. [D; freemens reg. and committee bk; Williamson's Liverpool Advertiser, 3 September 1773]

Sutton, Richard, 5 Woodcocks Yd, Preston, Lancs., cm (1818). [D]

Sutton, Samuel, North Row, Grosvenor Sq., London, cm, u, chairmaker and undertaker (1835–39). [D]

Sutton, Thomas, Southwark, London, upholder (1706–d. 1748). Son of Richard Sutton of Friern Barnet, Middlx, yeoman. App. to Peter Leonard on 14 October 1706 but not free of the Upholders’ Co. by servitude until 3 June 1719. This long delay is unexplained but Thomas Sutton was unprepared to await such recognition before commencing his own business. The lack of his freedom obliged him to commence trading in Southwark, and on 30 December 1717 he took insurance cover on goods and merchandise at ‘The Angel & Rising Sun’ in St Olave's St. On receipt of his freedom he took as app. Thomas Mead who was free 1729. In January 1720 he took out insurance on a new dwelling house identified as at ‘The Angel & Crown’, Eglinsgate Way, St Olaves St. This may have been little more than a change of trade sign. He was still trading from St Olave's St in 1725 and died in 1748. [GL, Upholders’ Co. records; Sun MS vol. 7, 30 December 1717, vol. 10, ref. 16256; Heal]

Sutton, Thomas, Moody St, Congleton, Cheshire, cm (1816–22). Listed as Thomas C. Sutton in 1822. [D]

Sutton, William, Leicester, cm (1754). Eldest son of John Sutton, late of Leicester, cm. [Freemen reg.]

Swaby, Robert, Toll Gavell, Beverley, Yorks., cm (1814). [D]

Swaile, John, London, upholder (1740–56). Son of Thomas Swaile of Moorfields, shoemaker. App. to William Chesson, a member of the Haberdashers’ Co., on 6 June 1740 and free of the Upholders’ Co. under the terms of the 1750 Upholders’ Act, 11 November 1756. [GL, Upholders’ Co. records]

Swaile, Joseph, York, Nottingham and Doncaster, Yorks., cm (1758–74). Freemen of York but living in Nottingham in 1758 and Doncaster in 1774. [York poll bks]

Swain, Charles, Moorfields, London, u (1797–98). Bankruptcy announced, Billinge's Liverpool Advertiser, 28 August 1797, 16 July 1798]

Swain, Elizabeth, Broker's Row, Moorfields, London, u (1791–94). Probably the widow of Samuel Swain who traded in Broker's Row at an earlier date. Elizabeth Swain occupied number 9, 1791–94 but in the latter year was also using 8 and 10. [D]

Swain, James, 10 Linsley Row, Leeds, Yorks., cm and joiner (1837–40). [D]

Swain, John, Liverpool, cm (1806–15). App. to Isaac Marsh and free 31 October 1806. In November 1815 married Miss Jane Dobson. Died in the period 1818–20. [Freemen reg.; Liverpool Mercury, 17 November 1815]

Swain, Luke, Liverpool, cm (1774–77). In 1774 at 21 Ormond St but in 1777 at 14 Tithebarn St. [D]

Swain, Samuel, 9 Broker's Row, Moorfields London, u (1755– d. 1790). Son of Samuel Swain of Wandsworth, Gent. App. to James Rodwell, joiner on 18 November 1755, John Steel, draper on 1 July 1760 and Caril Pitt, a member of the Fishmongers’ Co. on 9 December 1760. Free of the Upholders’ Co. under the terms of the 1750 Upholders’ Act, 22 November 1762. Took as apps William Rawlins 1773–78, Samuel Wright 1773–81 and Thomas Moore 1766–78. Alderman of the City of London in 1784 and Master of the Upholders’ Co., 1787– 88. He traded at the sign of ‘The Woolpack’ and also that of ‘The Lamb’. Apart from 9 Broker's Row he also occupied 10. The address was also given as Bedlam Walk, between New Broad St and Old Bedlam, Moorfields. His trade cards [Leverhulme Coll., MMA, NY and GL] state that he furnished funerals and ‘Makes, Buys, Sells and Appraises all manner of Household Furniture’. In 1775 he insured his house for £800. An Elizabeth Swain, probably his widow, carried on the business after his death in 1790. [D; GL, Upholders’ Co. records; Sun MS vol. 240, p. 285; Heal]

Swain, Thomas, address unknown, cm (1775–78). Supplied furniture to Dunham Massey, Cheshire. On 10 March 1775 he was paid £4 4s for a dressing table. A further payment of £3 13s 6d was made on 12 July 1777 ‘for Cabinet makers work’ and £6 16s paid on 4 June 1778 for a dressing table and a drawing table. John Rylands Lib., Manchester Univ., George Cooke's accounts]

Swain, William, ‘The Sun’, Moorfields, London, u (1716–26). Son of William Swain of Ticehurst, Sussex, Clerk. App. to Richard Wood on 5 September 1716 and free of the Upholders’ Co. by servitude, 2 October 1723. In November 1726 took out insurance cover on the Moorfields premises of £800 of which £400 was for utensils and stock. [GL, Upholders’ Co. records; Sun MS vol. 23, p. 216]

Swaine, Thomas, Old Jewry, London, upholder (1711–18). The property in Old Jewry was a brick house with a warehouse behind and was insured for £400 both in September 1711 and September 1718. Swaine is recorded taking an app. on 4 August 1712. [GL, Hand in Hand MS vol. 9, p. 279; vol. 19, p. 170; S of G, app. index]

Swaine, William, Liverpool, cm and joiner (1785–d. 1813). App. to Robert Tyrer in 1785 and petitioned freedom in 1785. Free on 25 May 1796. Died on 26 October 1813. [Freemen reg. and commttee bk]

Swaine, William, Townhill, Bradford, Yorks., joiner and cm (1818). [D]

Swainsbury, Samuel, 2 Finsbury Mkt, London, cm and u (1839). [D]

Swainson, John, Lancaster, cm (1778–79). [Freemen rolls]

Swainson, John, Lancaster, cm (1789–91). Free 1789–90. Named in the Gillow records, 1791. [Freemen rolls; Westminster Ref. Lib., Gillow]

Swainson, John, London, cm (1803–29). Included in the list of master cabinet makers in Sheraton's Cabinet Dictionary, 1803. Recorded in directories at 15 Harp Alley, Fleet St, 1808–29. [D]

Swainson, John, Lancaster, cm (1823–32). Free 1823–24. Named in the Gillow records in 1830 and 1832. [Freemen rolls; Wesminster Ref. Lib., Gillow]

Swainson, Joseph, Lancaster, cm (1784). Son of John Swainson. [Poll bk]

Swale, John, Sackville St, London, see Richard Kerby.

Swale, Samuel, Colton, Yorks., cm (1784). Freeman of York living at Colton in 1784. [York poll bk]

Swallow, James, Water Side, Lincoln, cm and u (1835). [D]

Swallow, Joseph, 25 John St, Ancoats, Manchester, chairmaker (1838–40). [D]

Swan, Clifford, New Pavement, Pocklington, Yorks., wood turner and fancy chairmaker (1823). [D]

Swan, Henry, 18 Water Lane, Sheffield, Yorks., chairmaker (1821). [D]

Swan, James, Wakefield Stairs, Liddell St, North Shields, Northumb., joiner and cm (1828). [D]

Swan, John, Cambridge, cm, u and auctioneer (1769–1811). It was reported in the Cambridge Chronicle and Journal of 29 July 1769 that ‘lately died … in the Indies, Sir William Swan of Madingley in this county. He is succeeded in title and a small estate by his only brother Sir John Swan, a young gentleman about 17 years of age, now apprenticed to Mr. Charles Day, cabinet-maker of this town’. An advertisement appeared in the newspaper for John Swan, u and auctioneer, on 2 October 1784. The Universal British Directory records him as an u in 1792. Directories of 1805–11 list him as cm in Bennett St, Cambridge. The same address was given on 17 May 1811, when he announced in the newspaper that ‘he has declined the Upholstery and Cabinet Making businesses for the purpose of settling his affairs, he solisits the favours of the public in the Appraising, Auctioneering, Timber Measuring, Valuing and Surveying businesses’. The auction was advertised in the same issue with a detailed list of the stock and ‘a very large quantity of fine seasoned Spanish and Hondures mahogany in planks, boards, veneers, dry ash and elm plank, white and black holly, tulip and purple wood, oak and elm boards, cherrytree, sycamore, yew tree, box, elm timber, a large stock of walnut tree planks’. The account book of the Cotton family of Madingley Hall record a payment of £26 6s to Swan in 1800 and one in 1809 for supplying a dressing table and carpeting their church pew. [Cambs. RO, 588/A45] R.W.

Swan, John, Cambridge, cm, u, auctioneer, appraiser and estate agent (1824–45). Living in Jesus Lane, parish of All Saints, 1824–26 when two of his children were bapt. Trading in Sidney St in 1830, and in October of the following year advertised that he was converting premises next to his own (in Sidney St) into a cabinet and upholstery warehouse. Swan claimed that he had been employed by Elliot Smith for thirteen years and that the latter was ‘declining the cabinet and upholstery business’. He also stated that he had taken on some of Elliot Smith's former employees. Some of the furniture that he sold was bought in from other makers but in April 1832 he stated that ‘his Mahogany, Rosewood, Pollard Oak and Zebra furniture is principally of his own manufacture’. In November 1832 he advised the public that he had in his employment a first rate u who had for many years been in the workshops of Seddons, the important London maker. He also indicated that he sold Daws & Minter's patent recumbent invalid chairs. From 1832–45 he took over Elliot Smith's position as the main furniture supplier to St John's College and also worked for Trinity College, 1831–33. In the St John's College accounts payments are made from 1839 to Swan & Garner. A copy of George Smith's Cabinet Maker's and Upholsterer's Guide, 1826, is known bearing the label ‘John Swan, Upholsterer & Cabinet Maker, Sidney Street, Cambridge. [D; PR (bapt.)]; Cambridge Chronicle, 21 October 1831, 27 April 1832, 23 November 1832; poll bks; archives of Trinity and St John's Colleges] R.W.

Swan, John, Library Stairs, North Shields, Northumb., cm and joiner (1827). [D]

Swan, John, 1 Grecian Terr., Everton, Liverpool, carver and gilder (1834). [D]

Swan, Robert, Long Acre, London, cm (1774). [Poll bk]

Swan, Robert, 40 North St, Leeds, Yorks., cm (1826). [D]

Swan, Samuel, 126 St John St Rd, London, u (1829–39). [D]

Swan, Thomas, 70 King St, Golden Sq., London, cm (1786). In August 1786 insured his household goods and clothes for £100. [GL, Sun MS vol. 338, p. 572]

Swan, Thomas, Lancaster, cm (1817–18). [Freemen rolls]

Swan, Thomas, Nuneaton, Warks., chairmaker and turner (1835). [D]

Swan, W. E., 14 Sussex St, Bedford Sq., London, carver etc. (1835). [D]

Swan, William, 45 Long Acre, London, cm and haberdasher (1779). In 1779 took out insurance cover for £200 of which £100 was for utensils and stock. [GL, Sun MS vol. 275, p. 85]

Swan, William, Liverpool, cm (1803–39). At 13 Kent St, 1803– 04 but the number was 22/23 in 1805–07. There is then a long gap until 1835 when a William Swan, cm was at 122 Mount Pleasant. In 1839 at 7 Basnett St. [D]

Swan, William, Kings St, Cambridge, journeyman cm (b. 1796–d. 1819). App. to Thomas Chandler, cm on 15 May 1810 at a premium of £20. His suicide at the age of 23 was reported, Cambridge Chronicle, 12 February 1819. [App. bk; poll bk]

Swan, William & Co., Adelaide Buildings, Mount Pleasant, Liverpool, carvers and gilders (1833–34). Claimed to manufacture ‘Pier, Chimney & Dressing Glasses, Picture Frames in Gold, Mahogany, Rose, Maple & other Fancy Woods, Gilt Window & Bed Cornices, Black & Gold Mouldings for Rooms etc. etc. Marble Monuments, Chimney Pieces & Pier Tables, Ornamental Designs of Rosettes & Friezes for Architects & Builders. Marble Alabaster & Plaster of Paris Busts & Figures made & repaired’. They also stocked London pianofortes and china and porcelain. [D; Liverpool Mercury, 26 April 1833]

Swann, Thomas, Hull, Yorks., cm (1784). Freeman of Beverley, Yorks. But resident in Hull in 1784. [Beverley poll bk] Possibly:

Swan, Thomas, 4 Jews Harp Gdns, Marylebone, London, cm (1790–91). Freeman of Beverley, Yorks. In June 1791 took out insurance cover of £100 on his house. [Beverley poll bk; GL, Sun MS vol. 373, ref. 584728]

Swan, William, Lancaster, cm (1786–1802). App. to J. Wakefield 1786 and free 1801–02. Named in the Gillow records 1794–95. [Freemen rolls; Westminster Ref. Lib., Gillow]

Swan, William, Lancaster, cm (1823–24). Free 1823–24 but by this period living in Liverpool. [Freemen rolls]

Swan, William, Hyson Green, Nottingham, cm (1830). [Poll bk]

Swannell, Robert, 45 Wardour St, London, carver (1780). In 1780 took out insurance cover of £200 of which £40 was for utensils and stock. [GL, Sun MS vol. 287, p. 54]

Swanwick, Joseph, London, upholder (1700). Free of the Upholders’ Co., 29 October 1700. [GL, Upholders’ Co. records]

Swarbrick, John, 9 Half St, Manchester, cm (1788–97). [D]

Swaysland, Thomas, Southover High St, Lewes, Sussex, cm etc. (1837–40). [Poll bks]

Swearse, James, the Square, Axbridge, Som., cm and carpenter (1840). [D]

Sweet, James, High St, Shaftesbury, Dorset, cm and u (1840). A firm named Child & Sweet were trading in the High St in 1830 and an I. Child in 1840. [D]

Sweet, Richard, Newport, Isle of Wight, Hants., chairmaker (1735 or 1755). In 1735 or 1755 took app. named Lisle. [S of G, app. index]

Sweet, Samuel, Bristol, furniture painter (1831–32). At 10 Rosemary St in 1831 and Stapleton Rd in 1832. [D]

Sweet, Thomas, London, carver and gilder (1809–27). At Gt Castle St in 1809 and George St, Adelphi in 1820. Moved to 32 Frith St, Soho where he traded 1825–26. His successor at Frith St was William Sweet who was at this address by 1835. [D]

Sweet, Thomas, 9 Rathbone Pl., London, carver and gilder (1837–39). [D]

Sweet, William, London, carver and gilder (1835–39). At 32 Frith St in 1835 as the successor to Thomas Sweet. By 1839 at 38 Chancery Lane. [D]

Sweet, Zachariah, 38 Chancery Lane, London, carver, gilder and picture frame maker (1813–27). In January 1824 took out insurance cover of £1,100 in association with Sir Edmond Bacon on Sweet's new dwelling house. In 1839 William Sweet, also a carver and gilder, was trading from this address. [D; GL, Sun MS vol. 499, ref. 1012383]

Sweeting, George, 45 and 46 Winchcombe St, Cheltenham, Glos., cm and u (1839). [D]

Sweetman, Arthur, Blackwall, London, joiner and cm (1808). [D]

Sweetman, George, London, u and cm (1816–39). In 1816 at 9 Essex St, Strand and in 1839 at 25 Bolingbroke Row, Walworth. [D]

Sweetman, George, 7 Pipe Lane, Temple, Bristol, sign and furniture painter (1827). [D]

Sweetman, George, 4 Whitelion Ct, Seven Dials, London, furniture japanner and painter (1839). [D]

Swell, Robert, 69 Sun St, Bishopsgate, London, carver and gilder (1809–16). [D]

Swell, William & Son, 15 Hanover St, Long Acre, London, u (1806–16). [D]

Swesh, Robert, address unknown, cm (1803). Subscribed to Sheraton's Cabinet Dictionary, 1803.

Swewison, Richard, Hull, Yorks., cm (1780). [Poll bk]

Swift, John, Eccleston St, Prescot, Lancs., cm and joiner (1818). [D]

Swift, John, Bridge St, Gainsborough, Lincs., cm and u (1835). [D]

Swift, John, Thurgoland, Silkstone parish, Yorks., joiner/cm (1837). [D]

Swift, Joseph, Swan Lane, Bawtry, Yorks., cm (1832–37). [D]

Swift, Robert Gay, London, carver and gilder (1809–39). At 8 Wood St, Old St in 1809 and 40 Holywell Lane, Shoreditch 1826–39. In 1839 also a looking-glass maker. [D]

Swift, W., 10 Norton Falgate, London, carver and gilder (1837). [D]

Swift, William, Stamford St, Ashton-under-Lyne, Lancs., joiner and cm (1828). [D]

Swift, Grant & Hurley, 226 Piccadilly, London, upholders and carpet warehouse (1800–04). Included in the list of master cabinet makers in Sheraton's Cabinet Dictionary, 1803. In 1803 a London u, named as Swift & Co., worked for the Duke of Norfolk at Norfolk House. [D; Arundel Castle records MD 473]

Swinburn, Henry jnr, Hall Stile, Hexham, Northumb., joiner and cm (1827–28). [D]

Swinburn, Henry, Liverpool, joiner and cm (1834–37). At 2 Gt Richmond St in 1834 and 13 Birkett St, Soho in 1837. [D]

Swinburn, John, Liverpool, cm and u (1834–39). At 4 King St, Soho 1834–35, 39 Norton St with a workshop at 66 St Ann's St in 1837 and 4 St Ann's St in 1839. [D]

Swinburn, Joseph, address unknown, cm (1803). Subscribed to Sheraton's Cabinet Dictionary, 1803.

Swinburn, William, Holy Island, Hexham, Northumb., joiner and cm (1827). [D]

Swinburne, John, Lancaster (1820–26). [Westminster Ref. Lib., Gillow records]

Swinchall, Charles, Market Drayton, Salop, cm (1784). [D]

Swin(e)chatt, Charles, Beast St (or Mkt), Market Drayton, Salop, cm (1835–36). [D]

Swindells, Thomas, London, u and cm (1837–39). At 61 Goswell St in 1837 and 118 Aldersgate St in 1839. [D]

Swinderton, James, 19 Bevington Bush Rd, Liverpool, cm and wood turner (1834). [D]

Swindin, Thomas, London, cabinet and buhl manufacturer (1829–37). At 57 Prince's St, Leicester Sq. in 1829 and 39 Castle St, Oxford Mkt in 1837. [D]

Swindle, John, King's Lynn, Norfolk, cm (1767). In August 1767 came from Derby to King's Lynn to look for work but was imprisoned in the gaol at King's Lynn from which he escaped in December. [Cambridge Chronicle, 12 December 1767]

Swindles, R., 18 Gt Sutton St, Clerkenwell, London, u (1835). [D]

Swinehat, Mrs, Atherstone, Warks., cm (1796). Stated to be a widow. [D]

Swinehat, Mrs, Market Drayton, Salop, cm (1797). Stated to be a widow. [D]

Swine(c)hatt, Job, Market Drayton, Salop, cm and chairmaker (1822–28). At Beast Mkt in 1822 and High St, 1828. [D]

Swinley, Alexander, New Bond St, London, upholder (1764–71). Son of Robert Swinley of the parish of St Margaret, Westminster, publican. App. to Jeremy Bullock on 2 February 1764 and free of the Upholders’ Co. by servitude, 6 March 1771. [GL, Upholders’ Co. records]

Swinn, F., 3 James Pl., John's Sq., New George St, Hull, Yorks., cm (1838–39). [D]

Swinn, John, Spilsby, Lincs., joiner and cm (1826). [D]

Swinnerton, Joseph, 4 Temple Ct, Chorlton Row, Manchester, cm (1825). [D]

Swinnerton, Joseph, 33 Russel St, Liverpool, cm (1829). [D]

Swinnock, George, London, upholder (1734). Freeman of Maidstone living in London. [Maidstone poll bk]

Swinny, Robert, Banchester Rents, Chancery Lane, London, carver, gilder and looking-glass manufacturer (1808). [D]

Swinscon, John, 21 Bishopsgate Within, London, cm (1775). In 1775 insured his house for £100. [GL, Sun MS vol. 240, p. 285]

Swinscow, John, London, cm (1791–1802). At 21 Long Walk, Bermondsey Sq., Bermondsey St in March 1791 when he insured his house and goods for £200. By April 1802 at Walcot Pl., Lambeth where he took out insurance cover of £400 of which £200 was for utensils and stock. In this year his trade was listed as cm and ironmonger. [GL, Sun MS vol. 376, p. 79; vol. 423; ref. 730717]

Swinton, Edward, Market Pl., Alnwick, Northumb., joiner and u (1827). [D]

Swinton, Thomas, Compton, near Ashbourne, Derbs., joiner and cm (1790). In September 1790 a disposal sale of his stock was advertised. This consisted of ‘MAHOGANY, MAHOGANY-GOODS, DEAL, VENEERS, and various Articles of HARDWARE’. [Derby Mercury, 16 September 1790]

Swinton, William, Hawk St, Sandbach, Cheshire, cm and joiner (1822–34). [D]

Swithenband, John, Bradford, Yorks. (1825). On 31 August 1825 invoiced to G. Wentworth of Woolley Hall, Yorks. a mahogany dressing table, washstands etc. at a cost of £17 15s. [YAS, Wentworth papers, MD 272/2]

Sydenham, George, Kidlington, Oxon., cm (1793). On 5 April 1793 married Sarah S. Biling of the parish of St Cross, Oxford at the Church of St Cross. [Bodleian index of Oxf. marriage bonds]

Sydenham, John, High St, Honiton, Devon, cm and u (1830– 38). [D]

Syder, George, Beccles, Suffolk, u (1839). The address is given in one 1839 directory as Newmarket Pl. and in another as New market. [D]

Syer, Edward, Ipswich, Suffolk, chairmaker (1727). [Suffolk RO, HA61: 436/486]

Syer, William, South St, Finsbury, London, cm (1835). [D]

Syers, John, Spring Gdns, Manchester, carver and gilder (1786– 89). Supplied picture frames to Dunham Massey, Cheshire, 1786–89. On 17 November 1786 an octagonal gilt picture frame was supplied at a cost of £1 12s 3d and on 11 October 1788 Syers was paid £4 14s 6d for framing pictures. Succeeded by Joseph Syers at this address. [D; V&A archives; Apollo, July 1978, p. 22]

Syers, John, 3 Duffours Pl., Broad St, London, cm (1813–27). One directory of 1817 gives his name as Joseph. This may be an error, as John was used in 1813 and 1827 though other entries merely state J. John Syers supplied furniture to Broughton Hall, Yorks. in November 1813 to a value of £95 9s. One of the main items was a pair of mahogany library chairs ‘caned back & seats and Cushions … finished in purple Spanish leather’ which cost £18 18s. These chairs are still in the house. Syers also provided ‘an Iron Elbow to swing cover'd with leather and fitted up with Brass apparatus for fixing on Chair & reading Desk’. This was charged at £1 14s 6d. [D; Temple Newsam House, Leeds, Exhib. Cat., Furniture from Broughton Hall, item 25]

Syers, Joseph, Manchester, carver, gilder and print seller (1793– 1808). Successor to John Syers. At 3 Spring Gdns in 1793–94, 79 Market St Lane, 1797–1802 and 1 Spring Gdns, 1804–08. In January 1793 took out insurance cover of £250 of which £100 was for utensils and stock. In 1803 Charles Towneley of Towneley Hall, Lancs. paid this maker £36 12s for two glasses. [D; Preston RO, DDTO Towneley account bk; GL, Sun MS vol. 392, p. 191]

Sykes, Edmund, Lancaster (1767–97). Free 1767–68. Named in the Gillow records, 1792–94 and 1796–97. [D; poll bk; Westminster Ref. Lib., Gillow]

Sykes, Edward, Lancaster (1792). [Westminster Ref. Lib. Gillow records]

Sykes, Edward jnr, 21 Montague Ct, Spitalfields, London, cm and u (1827). [D]

Sykes, Jonathan, Leeds, Yorks., cm (1821–24). At Temple St in 1821 and 58 Wellington St, 1826–34. [D]

Sykes, Samuel, Pontefract, Yorks., joiner/cm (1834). [D]

Sykes, William, Hertford, victualler and cm (1780–82). In 1780 insured his property for £400 of which £160 was for utensils and stock. By 1782 the total insurance cover had risen to £800 and £460 was the value of the utensils and stock. [GL, Sun MS vol. 282, p. 505; vol. 301, p. 465]

Sym, William, London, u and cm (1831–37). Bankruptcy announced, London Gazette, 2 December 1831. At 58 Upper Marylebone St, 1835–37. His trade card states that he also undertook funerals. [D; V&A archives]

Symes, Charles, Bath, Som., cm (1827). In partnership with Abraham Chubb Smart when their bankruptcy was announced, Chester Chronicle, 2 February 1827.

Symes, William, Tenterden, Kent, chairmaker (1826). [D]

Symington, John, address unknown, cm (1803). Subscribed to Thomas Sheraton's Cabinet Dictionary, 1803.

Symond, John, Exeter, Devon, cm (1829–39). At Synagogue Pl., 1829–32 and then in St Mary Arches St. Three sons and four daughters bapt. at St Mary Arches Church, 1819–39. [PR (bapt.)]

Symonds, Charles, 14 Bugle St, Southampton, Hants., carver and gilder (1823). [D]

Symonds, James, Broad St, Hereford, turner and chairmaker (1777–88). In April 1777 it was announced that Thomas Wood, a brush maker from Bristol, had entered a partnership with Symonds but no later references to this arrangement are known. In 1779 Symonds took out insurance cover of £200 which included £160 for utensils and stock. A James Symonds, chairmaker was admitted a freeman of Hereford in 1784. Sir George Cornewall of Moccas Court, near Hereford employed a Symonds in 1788 bottoming chairs for which he paid £1 12s on 15 April. [Hereford Journal, 10 April 1777; GL, Sun MS vol. 273, p. 365; freemen rolls; Herefs. RO, Moccas papers, J56/IV/4]

Symonds, Joseph, Hereford, cm (1818–32). Free 1818 and in 1832 living at Prospect Terr. [Freemen rolls; poll bk] Possibly:

Symonds, Joseph, 5 Hollen St, Wardour St, Soho, London, cm (1826). Freeman of Hereford. [Hereford poll bk]

Symonds, Robert Walter, Truro, Cornwall, cm (1825). [Cornwall RO, B/T 38/4]

Symonds, Philip, Boutport St, Barnstaple, Devon, cm and u (1838). [D]

Symonds, William, parish of St Mary Redcliffe, Bristol, cm (1754). [Poll bk]

Symons, William, Chapel St, Devonport, Devon, cm (1838). [D]

Sympson, Thomas (?), London, joiner (1662–68). In August 1666 provided Samuel Pepys with presses for his books. In total Pepys had twelve of these oak bookcases constructed for his house in York Buildings, London. Pepys bequeathed his collection of books and the bookcases to his old College, Magdalene in Cambridge where they now stand. Sympson carried out other work for Pepys including chimney pieces. Sympson was probably a master joiner employed at the Deptford and Woolwich dockyards. A pair of bookcases similar to those made for Pepys were provided for Dyrham Park, Som. to the orders of William Blathwayt. One of these is now in the V&A and the other in the USA. [Pepys, Diary]

Syms, —, Truro, Cornwall, cm and u (1797). [D]

Syms, Charles, 14 Bugle St, Southampton, Hants., carver and gilder (1823). [D]

Syms, Charles, 31 St Mary St, Weymouth, Dorset, carver etc. (1830). [D]

Syms, James, Grosvenor Pl., Weymouth, Dorset, carver and gilder (1840). [D]

Syred, Edward, King's Head Lane, Northampton, chairmaker (1820). [Poll bk]