A Select Bibliography

A SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY

This study has drawn scraps of information from a wide variety of sources and touched on subjects dealt with in a great number of secondary works. No purpose, however, would be served by the listing of all sources and secondary authorities consulted. Details of some of them are to be found in the footnotes. The lists below include only those sources which contain material of particular value. Literary sources, for example, shed much light on contemporary attitudes, but as references therein to furs and skinners are brief and incidental, they have nearly all been excluded from this bibliography. Secondary works listed are those of particular relevance to the history of London and the fur trade in the Middle Ages. Books on clothes, furs, and the fur trade are of varying merit, but have been included since so few books deal directly with the subject. The most valuable contributions will be found in the studies of Hanseatic trade, but these deal with only one aspect of the story of the fur trade. Full bibliographies on economic developments will be found in the volumes of the Cambridge Economic History of Europe. Histories of the London gilds are listed in W. F. Kahl, The Development of London Livery Companies: an essay and a bibliography, Cambridge (Mass.), 1960.

MANUSCRIPT SOURCES

PUBLIC RECORD OFFICE

Chancery: Early Chancery Proceedings.

Extents on Debts.

Miscellanea.

Exchequer: King's Remembrancer:

Accounts, Various: Wardrobe and Household.

Foreign Merchants.

Customs Accounts.

Lord Treasurer's Remembrancer:

Enrolled Accounts: Wardrobe and Household.

Inventories of Goods and Chattels.

Duchy of Lancaster: Accounts, Various: Wardrobe.

Lord Chamberlain: Accounts.

THE BRITISH MUSEUM

Stowe MS. 146 (Warrants 1512–15).

Harleian MS. 2284 (The King's Robes in the Tower of London, 1516).

Harleian MS. 1419 A and B (Inventory of the Goods and Chattels of Henry VIII, 1547–8).

The following documents concern the London skinners in the 1590's:

Cotton MSS. Titus B. V 66; Titus F IV 30.

Lansdowne MSS. 71/55–58; 73/16; 114/37–39.

Illuminated MSS.:

Cotton MS. Nero C IV.

Royal MS. 15 D I.

Sloane MS. 3983.

Stowe MS. 17.

SOMERSET HOUSE

Registers of Wills proved in the Prerogative Court of Canterbury.

CORPORATION OF THE CITY OF LONDON

Letter Books.

Repertories of the Court of Aldermen.

Journals of the Court of Common Council.

Liber Horn.

Recognisance Rolls.

Mayor's Court, Files of Original Bills.

Registers of Wills proved in the Commissary Court of London (London Division).

Registers of Wills proved in the Archdeaconry Court of London.

THE WORSHIPFUL COMPANY OF SKINNERS

Roll of the Fraternity of Corpus Christi.

Roll of the Fraternity of Our Lady's Assumption.

Renter Wardens' Accounts: Vol. I—1491–1510.

Vol. II—1510–34.

Vol. III—1535–64.

Court Books: Vol. I—1551–1617.

Register of Apprentices and Freemen, 1496–1602.

Register Booke of all Evidences, Armorye, Artillerye, and of all implements appertayning to the Worshipful Company of Skynners, 1578.

PRINTED SOURCES

Accounts of the Lord High Treasurer of Scotland, ed. T. Dickson and others. Vols. i–iii. Edinburgh, 1877–1901.

Acts of the Parliaments of Scotland, eds. C. Innes (vol. i) and T. Thomson (vols. ii, iii). Record Commission, 1814, 1844.

Baildon, W. P. (ed.), 'The Trousseaux of Princess Philippa, wife of Eric, King of Denmark, Norway and Sweden', Archaeologia, lxvii (1916).

— 'A Wardrobe Account of 16–17 Richard II, 1393–4', Archaeologia, lxii (1911).

Barbaro, G. and Contarini, A., Travels to Tana and Persia, trans. W. Thomas and S. A. Roy, ed. Lord Stanley of Alderney. Hakluyt Society, xlix, 1873.

Bartlett, J. N., 'The Lay Poll Tax Returns for the City of York in 1381', E. Riding Antiquarian Society Transactions, xxx (1953).

Bateson, M., 'A London Municipal Collection of the reign of John', English Historical Review, xvii (1902).

Bickley, F. B. (ed.), The Little Red Book of Bristol. 2 vols. Bristol, 1900.

Boileau, E., Le Livre des métiers, ed. S. Depping. Documents inédits sur l'histoire de France. Paris, 1837.

The Book of the Knight de la Tour Landry, a fifteenth-century translation, ed. T. Wright. E.E.T.S. orig. series 33, rev. ed. 1906.

Botfield, B. (ed.), Manners and Household Expenses of England in the Thirteenth and Fifteenth Centuries. Roxburghe Club, 1841, 1844.

Bruns, F. (ed.), 'Die lübeckischen Pfundzollbücher von 1492–6', Hansische Geschichtsblätter, xi, xiii, xiv (1904–8).

Calendar of the Close Rolls.

Calendar of Inquisitions, Miscellaneous.

Calendar of Liberate Rolls.

Calendar of the Patent Rolls.

Calendar of Documents relating to Ireland, 5 vols. 1171–1307.

Calendar of Coroners' Rolls, 1300–1378, ed. R. R. Sharpe. London, 1913.

Calendar of Early Mayors' Court Rolls, 1298–1307, ed. A. H. Thomas. London, 1924.

Calendar of Letter Books, 1275–1498 (Books a–l), ed. R. R. Sharpe. London, 1899–1912.

Calendar of Letters from the Mayor, Aldermen, and Commonalty of the City of London, 1350–70, ed. R. R. Sharpe. London, 1885.

Calendar of Plea and Memoranda Rolls, 1324–1482 (6 vols.), eds. A. H. Thomas (i–iv) and P. E. Jones (v–vi). Cambridge, 1926–61.

Calendar of Wills proved and enrolled in the Court of Husting, London, 1258–1688, 2 vols. ed. R. R. Sharpe. London, 1889–90.

Campbell, W. (ed.), Materials for a History of the Reign of Henry VII. 2 vols. London, 1873, 1877.

Carus-Wilson, E. M. (ed.), The Overseas Trade of Bristol in the Later Middle Ages. Bristol Record Society, vii, 1936.

Clode, C. M. (ed.), Memorials of the Guild of Merchant Tailors. London, 1875.

Close Rolls, 1227–72.

Collins, F. (ed.), Register of the Freemen of the City of York, 1272–1558. Surtees Society, xcvi, 1897.

Cross, S. H. (ed. and trans.), The Russian Primary Chronicle. Harvard Studies and Notes in Philology and Literature, xii. Cambridge (Mass.), 1930.

Delisle, L. (ed.), Mandements et actes divers de Charles V, 1364–80. Paris, 1874.

Devon, F. (ed.), Issues of the Exchequer. London, 1837.

Douët d'Arcq, L. (ed.), Comptes de l'Argenterie des rois de France au XIVe siècle. Paris, 1851.

— 'Tarif des marchandises qui se vendaient à Paris, 1296–7', Revue archéologique, ix, pt. i (1852).

Ekwall, E. (ed.), Two Early London Subsidy Rolls. Lund, 1951.

Fagniez, G. (ed.), Documents relatifs à l'histoire de l'industrie et du commerce en France. Collection de textes pour servir à l'étude et à l'enseignement de l'histoire. Paris, 1898–1900.

Fitz Stephen, W., Descriptio Londoniae, ed. and trans. H. E. Butler, in F. M. Stenton, Norman London. Historical Association, London, 1934.

Fletcher, G., Of the Russe Commonwealth, and Horsey, Sir J., Travels, ed. E. A. Bond under the title Russia at the Close of the Sixteenth Century. Hakluyt Society, 1856.

Fowler, Canon (ed.), Extracts from the Account Rolls of the Abbey of Durham. 3 vols. Surtees Society, xcix, c, ciii. 1898–1901.

Furnivall, F. J. (ed.), Early English Meals and Manners. E.E.T.S. orig. series, 32. London, 1868.

— The Fifty Earliest surviving English Wills in the Court of Probate, London. E.E.T.S. orig. series, 78. London, 1882.

Gairdner, J. (ed.), The Historical Collections of a Citizen of London in the Fifteenth Century (Gregory's Chronicle). Camden Society, new series, xvii. London, 1876.

Gesner, C., Historia Animalium, Zürich, 1555. Trans. E. Topsell, The Historie of Foure-footed Beastes. London, 1607.

Gessler, J. (ed.), Le Livre des métiers de Bruges et ses dérivés. Bruges, 1931.

Gilliodts-van Severen, L. (ed.), Cartulaire de l'ancienne Estaple de Bruges. 4 vols. Bruges, 1904–6.

— Inventaire des archives de Bruges. Inventaire des chartes, XIIIe au XVIe siècle. 6 vols. Bruges, 1871–85.

Giuseppi, M. S. (ed.), 'The Wardrobe and Household Accounts of Bogo de Clare, 1284–6', Archaeologia, lxx (1920).

Gross, C. and Hall, H. (eds.), Select Cases concerning the Law Merchant, 1239– 1633. Selden Society, xxiii, xlvi, xlix, 1908, 1929, 1932.

Hakluyt, R., The Principal Navigations, Voyages, Traffiques and Discoveries of the English Nation, vols. i, ii. Glasgow, 1903.

Hall, H. and Nicholas, F. J. (eds.), 'Select Tracts and Table Books relating to English Weights and Measures, 1100–1742.' Camden Miscellany, xv, Camden Third Series, xli, Royal Historical Society, 1929.

Hanserecesse, 1431–1476, ed. G. von der Ropp. Zweite Abteilung, i–vii. Verein für Hansische Geschichte, Leipzig, 1876–92.

Hansisches Urkundenbuch, eds. K. Höhlbaum, K. Kunze, W. Stein. 10 vols. Verein für Hansische Geschichte. Halle und Leipzig, 1876–1907.

Herberstein, S. von, and others, Notes upon Russia: being a translation of the earliest account of that country, entitled Rerum Muscovitarum Commentarii, trans. and ed. R. H. Major. Hakluyt Society, x, xii, London, 1851–2.

Historical Manuscripts Commission, Salisbury MSS. at Hatfield House, iv.

Kingdon, J. A. (ed.), Facsimile of the First Volume of the MS. Archives of the Company of Grocers, 1345–1463. 2 vols. London, 1886.

Kingsford, C. L. (ed.), Stonor Letters and Papers, 1290–1483. Camden Third Series, xxix, xxx. Royal Historical Society, 1919.

Kunze, K. (ed.), Hanseakten aus England, 1275–1412. Hansische Geschichtsquellen, vi. Verein für Hansische Geschichte, Halle a. S., 1891.

Jenkinson, A. and others, Early Voyages to Russia and Persia, with an account of the First Intercourse of the English with Russia and Central Asia by way of the Caspian Sea, eds. E. D. Morgan and C. H. Coote. Hakluyt Society, lxxii, lxxiii, 1886.

Labarte, J. (ed.), Inventaire du mobilier de Charles V. Documents inédits sur l'histoire de France, 151. Paris, 1879.

Laborde, le comte de, Les Ducs de Bourgogne, pt. ii (Preuves), 2 vols. Paris, 1849.

Lechner, G. (ed.), Die hansischen Pfundzollisten des Jahres 1368. Quellen zur hansischen Geschichte, neue Folge, x. Lübeck, 1935.

Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic, of the Reign of Henry VIII, ed. J. S. Brewer and others. London, 1862–1910.

Liv-, esth- und curländisches Urkundenbuch nebst Regesten, ed. F. G. Bunge and others. 15 vols. Reval, 1853–1914.

Lopez, R. S. and Raymond, I. W. (eds.), Medieval Trade in the Mediterranean World. University of Columbia, 1955.

Lyell, L. (ed.), Acts of Court of the Mercers' Company, 1453–1527. Cambridge, 1936.

Lysons, S. (ed.), 'Copy of a Roll of Purchases made for the Tournament of Windsor Park, 6 Edward I', Archaeologia, xvii (1814).

Magnus, Olavus, Historia de Gentibus Septentrionalibus. Rome, 1555.

Michell, R. and Forbes, N. (eds.), The Chronicle of Novgorod, 1016–1471. Camden Third Series, xxv, Royal Historical Society, 1914.

Nicholas, N. H. (ed.), The Privy Purse Expenses of Elizabeth of York and Wardrobe Accounts of Edward IV. London, 1830.

Nichols, J. G. (ed.), 'Inventories of the Wardrobes and Plate of Henry Fitzroy, Duke of Richmond, and of the Wardrobe stuff at Baynard's Castle of Katherine, Princess Dowager', Camden Miscellany, iii. Camden Society, lxi, 1855.

Nirrnheim, H. (ed.), Das hamburgische Pfundzollbuch von 1369. Veröffentlichungen aus dem Staatsarchiv der freien und Hansestadt Hamburg, i. Hamburg, 1910.

Pecolotti, F. B., La Pratica della Mercatura, ed. A. Evans. The Medieval Academy of America, 24. 1936.

Pichon, J. (ed.), Le Ménagier de Paris: Traité de morale et d'économie domestique, composé vers 1393 par un bourgeois parisien. Paris, 1846.

Promptorium Parvulorum sive Clericorum, Lexicon Anglo-Latinum Princeps, auctore fratre Galfrido Grammatico Dicto e Predicatoribus Lenne Episcopi, Northfolciensi, circa 1440, ed. A. Way. Camden Society, xxv, liv, lxxxix. London, 1843, 1851, 1865.

Quinn, D. B. and Ruddock, A. A. (eds.), The Port Books of Southampton for the Reign of Edward IV, 1469–81. 2 vols. Southampton Record Society, 1937–8.

Raine, A. (ed.), York Civic Records. 8 vols. Yorkshire Archaeological Society, Record Series, 1939–53.

Raine, J. (ed.), Testamenta Eboracensia: a selection of wills from the Registry at York. 6 vols. Surtees Society, 1836–1902.

— Wills and Inventories from the Registry of the Archdeaconry of Richmond. Surtees Society, xxvi, 1853.

Die Recesse und andere Akten der Hansetage, 1256–1340, ed. K. Koppmann, 8 vols. Die Historische Commission bei der Königlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Leipzig, 1870–97.

Register of the Black Prince, ed. M. C. B. Dawes, 4 vols. London, 1930–3.

Riley, H. T. (ed.), Chronicles of the Mayors and Sheriffs of London, 1188–1274, and The French Chronicle of London, 1259–1343. London, 1863.

— Memorials of London and London Life in the Thirteenth, Fourteenth and Fifteenth Centuries, 1276–1419. London, 1868.

— Munimenta Gildhallae Londoniensis: Liber Albus, Liber Custumarum. London, 1859–62.

Rotuli Litterarum Clausarum, 1204–1227, ed. T. Duffus Hardy, 2 vols. Record Commission, 1833, 1844.

Rotuli Litterarum Patentium, 1201–1216, ed. T. Duffus Hardy, Record Commission, 1835.

Rotuli Parliamentorum, ut et Petitiones et Placita in Parliamento, ed. J. Strachey and others. Record Commission, 1767–77.

Salisbury, E., 'List of the Liverymen and Freemen of the City Companies, 1538', Middlesex and Herts. Notes and Queries, iii (1897).

Sattler, C. (ed.), Handelsrechnungen des Deutschen Ordens. Verein für die Geschichte der Provinz Preussen. Leipzig, 1887.

Sellers, M. (ed.), The York Memorandum Book, 1376–1493. 2 vols. Surtees Society, cxx, cxxv, 1911, 1914.

Sharpe, W., 'The Correspondence of Thomas Sexton, merchant of London, and his factors in Danzig, 1550–1560.' M.A. Thesis, University of London, 1952 (typescript).

Smit, H. J. (ed.), Bronnen tot de geschiedenis van den handel met Engeland, Schotland en Ierland, 1150–1485. 2 vols. The Hague, 1928.

Smith, L. T. (ed.), Expeditions to Prussia and the Holy Land made by Henry, Earl of Derby, 1390–1, 1392–3. Camden Society, new series, lii. London, 1894.

Smith, Toulmin (ed.), English Gilds. The Original Ordinances of more than one hundred early English Gilds. E.E.T.S. orig. series, 40. London, 1870.

Sneyd, C. A. (ed.), A Relation, or rather a True Account, of the Island of England. Camden Society, xxxvii. London, 1847.

Stapleton, T. (ed.), Liber de Antiquis Legibus. Camden Society, xxxiv. London, 1846.

Statutes of the Realm, eds. T. E. Tomlins, J. Raithby, J. Caley, W. Elliott, 9 vols. London, 1810–22.

Stein, W., 'Handelsbriefe aus Riga und Königsberg von 1458 und 1461', Hansische Geschichtsblätter, ix (1898).

Stieda, W. (ed.), Revaler Zollbücher und -Quittungen des XIV. Jahrhunderts. Hansische Geschichtsquellen, v. Verein für Hansische Geschichte, Leipzig, 1887.

— Hildebrand Veckinchusen: Briefwechsel eines deutschen Kaufmanns in XV. Jahrhundert. Leipzig, 1921.

— and Mettig, C. (eds.), Schragen der Gilden und Aemter der Stadt Riga bis 1621. Gesellschaft für Geschichte und Alterthumskunde der Ostseeprovinzen Russlands. Riga, 1896.

Stow, J., A Survey of London. ed. C. L. Kingsford. 2 vols. Oxford, 1908.

Thomas, A. H. and Thornley, I. D. (eds.), The Great Chronicle of London. London, 1938.

Urkundenbuch der Stadt Lübeck. Verein für Lübeckische Geschichte und Alterthumskunde. Lübeck, 1873-.

Wehrman, C. (ed.), Die älteren lübeckischen Zunftrollen. Lübeck, 1864.

Welch, C. (ed.), Register of Freemen of the City of London, in the reigns of Henry VIII and Edward VI. London and Middlesex Archaeological Society, 1908.

Wright, T. (ed.), A Volume of Vocabularies. Library of National Antiquities, ed. J. Mayer, i. 1857.

SECONDARY AUTHORITIES

Bachrach, M., Fur: a practical treatise. New York, 1953.

Baldwin, F. E., Sumptuary Legislation and Personal Regulation in England. Johns Hopkins University Studies in History and Political Science. Baltimore, 1926.

Barrett-Hamilton, G. E. H. and Hinton, M. A. C., A History of British Mammals. London, 1912 ff.

Bartlett, J. N., 'The Expansion and Decline of York in the Later Middle Ages', Economic History Review, Second Series, xii (1959).

Beardwood, A., Alien Merchants in England, 1350–77: their legal and economic position. Cambridge (Mass.), 1931.

Beaven, A. B., The Aldermen of the City of London, 2 vols. London, 1908–13.

Beazley, C. R., 'Russian Expansion toward Asia and the Arctic in the Middle Ages', American Historical Review, xiii (1907–8).

Bird, R., The Turbulent London of Richard II. London, 1949.

Birrell, J. R., 'The Forest Economy of the Honour of Tutbury in the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Centuries', University of Birmingham Historical Journal, viii (1962).

Boehn, M., Modes and Manners, trans. J. Joshua, 4 vols. London, 1932–5.

Brandt, A. von, 'Recent Trends in Research on Hanseatic History', History, New Series, xli (1956).

Brutzkus, J., 'Trade with Eastern Europe, 800–1200', Economic History Review, xiii (1943).

Bugge, A., 'Die nordeuropäischen Verkehrswege im frühen Mittelalter und die Bedeutung der Wikinger für die Entwicklung des europäischen Handels und der europäischen Schiffahrt', Vierteljahrschrift für Sozial- und Wirtschaftsgeschichte, iv (1906).

Cambridge Economic History of Europe:

Vol. I: The Agrarian Life of the Middle Ages, eds. E. Power and J. H. Clapham. Cambridge, 1941.

Vol. II: Trade and Industry in the Middle Ages, eds. M. M. Postan and E. E. Rich. Cambridge, 1952.

Vol. III: Economic Organization and Policies in the Middle Ages, eds. M. M. Postan, E. E. Rich, and E. Miller. Cambridge, 1963.

Carsten, F. L., The Origins of Prussia. Oxford, 1954.

Carus-Wilson, E. M., Medieval Merchant Venturers: Collected Studies. London, 1954.

— (ed.), Essays in Economic History, vols. i, ii. London, 1952, 1962.

Connell-Smith, G., Forerunners of Drake. London, 1954.

Coornaert, E., 'Les ghildes médiévales', Revue historique, cxcix (1948).

Corporation of London, The Corporation of London: its origin, constitution, powers, and duties. London, 1950.

Costa, L. M. P., Marquis de Beauregard, Souvenirs du règne d'Amédée VIII, premier duc de Savoie: Mémoires accompagnés de pièces justificatives et de documents inédits. Chambéry, 1859.

Cross, S. H., 'Medieval Russian Contacts with the West', Speculum, x (1935).

— 'Scandinavian Infiltration into Early Russia', Speculum, xii (1946).

Cunnington, C. W. and P., A Handbook of English Medieval Costume. London, 1952.

Cunnington, C. W. and P., Handbook of English Costume in the Sixteenth Century. London, 1954.

Daenell, E., Die Blütezeit der deutschen Hanse: Hansische Geschichte von der zweiten Hälfte des XIV. bis zum letzten Viertel des XV. Jahrhunderts, 2 vols. Berlin, 1905–6.

Davey, R., Furs and Fur Garments. London, 1896.

Dilley, J. W., 'German Merchants in Scotland, 1297–1327', Scottish Historical Review, xxvii (1948).

Eck, A., Le Moyen âge russe. Brussels, 1933.

Ekwall, E., Studies on the Population of Medieval London. Stockholm, 1956.

Engel, K., 'Die Organisation der deutsch-hansischen Kaufleute in England im 14 und 15 Jahrhundert bis zum Utrechter Frieden von 1474', Hansische Geschichtsblätter, xix, xx (1913–14).

Evans, J., Dress in Medieval France. Oxford, 1952.

Fennell, J. L. I., Ivan the Great of Moscow. London, 1961.

Fernow, B. E., History of Forestry. Cambridge (Mass.), 1911.

Fisher, R. H., The Russian Fur Trade, 1550–1700. University of California Publications, xxxi, 1943.

Flenley, R., 'London and Foreign Merchants in the reign of Henry VI', English Historical Review, xxv (1910).

Fougerat, L., La Pelleterie et le vêtement de fourrure dans l'Antiquité. Paris, 1914.

Giuseppi, M. S., 'Alien Merchants in England in the Fifteenth Century', Trans. Royal Historical Society, New Series, ix (1895).

Goetz, L. K., Deutsch-Russische Handelsgeschichte des Mittelalters. Hansische Geschichtsquellen, neue Folge, v. Verein für Hansische Geschichte, Lübeck, 1922.

Gras, N. S. B., The Early English Customs System. Cambridge (Mass.), 1918.

Harper, F., Extinct and Vanishing Mammals of the Old World. American Committee for International Wild Life Protection, Special Publication, No. 12, New York, 1945.

Harvie-Brown, J. A., 'Early Chapters in the History of the Squirrel in Great Britain', Proceedings of the Royal Physical Soc. in Edinburgh, v, vi (1874, 1880).

Herbert, W., History of the Twelve Great Livery Companies of London, 2 vols. London, 1836–7.

Hodgkin, J., 'Grise: Grey: Badger', Notes and Queries, Series xi, vol. v (March 1912).

Hooper, W., 'Tudor Sumptuary Laws', English Historical Review, xxx (1915).

Houston, M. G., Medieval Costume in England and France. London, 1939.

James, M. K., 'A London Merchant of the Fourteenth Century', Economic History Review, Second Series, viii (1956).

Jordan, W. K., The Charities of London, 1480–1660. London, 1960.

Kerner, R. J., The Urge to the Sea. Publications of the North Eastern Asia Seminar of the University of California, 1942.

Khoroshkevich, A. L., Torgovlya Velikogo Novgoroda s Pribaltikoi i zapadnoi Evropoi v XIV–XV vekakh (The Trade of Great Novgorod with the Baltic and Western Europe in the XIV–XV Centuries). Moscow, 1963.

Kingsford, C. L., Prejudice and Promise in the Fifteenth Century. Oxford, 1925.

Koczy, L., The Baltic Policy of the Teutonic Order, trans. B. W. A. Massey. Toruń, 1936.

Kolner, P., Die Kürschner Zunft zu Basel, 1226–1926. Basle, 1926.

Koppmann, K., 'Schevenissen und Troinissen', Hansische Geschichtsblätter, vii (1893).

Kramer, S., English Craft Gilds. New York, 1927.

Lambert, J. J., Records of the Skinners of London, Edward I to James I. London, 1933.

Larisch, P., Die Kürschner und ihre Zeichen. Berlin, 1928.

Lesnikov, M. P., 'Ganzeiskaya torgovlya pushninoi v nachale xv veka' (Hanseatic Trade in furs at the beginning of the fifteenth century), Proceedings of the Moscow State Pedagogical Institute, 1, vol. xiii. Moscow, 1948.

— 'Torgovye snosheniya Velikogo Novgoroda s Tevtonskim Ordenom v kontse xiv i nachale xv veka' (The Trade Relations of Great Novgorod with the Teutonic Order at the end of the fourteenth and beginning of the fifteenth century), Historical Notes, vol. 39.

— 'Die livländische Kaufmannschaft und ihre Handelsbeziehungen zu Flandern am Anfang des XV. Jahrhunderts', Zeitschrift für Geschichtswissenschaft, Ht. 2 (Berlin, 1958).

— 'Lübeck als Handelsplatz für osteuropäische Waren im 15. Jahrhundert', Hansische Geschichtsblätter, lxxviii (1960).

Longfield, A. K., Anglo-Irish Trade in the Sixteenth Century. London, 1929.

Lumsden, H., The History of the Skinners, Furriers and Glovers of Glasgow. Glasgow, 1937.

Lyashchenko, P. I., History of the National Economy of Russia, trans. L. M. Herman. New York, 1949.

Malowist, M., 'Le développement des rapports économiques entre la Flandre, la Pologne et les pays limitrophes du XIIIe au XIVe siècle', Revue belge de philologie et d'histoire, x (1931).

Marshall, T. H., 'Capitalism and the Decline of the English Gilds', Cambridge Historical Journal, iii (1929).

Meyer, E. F., English Craft Gilds and Borough Governments of the later Middle Ages. University of Colorado Studies, xvi, xvii, Boulder, 1929, 1930.

Miller, E., 'Medieval York', Victoria County History of the City of York. London, 1961.

Nevison, J. L., 'Civil Costume', in Medieval England, ed. A. L. Poole, vol. i. Oxford, 1958.

Pagel, K., Die Hansa. Berlin, 1942.

Piton, C., Le Costume civil en France, du XIIIe au XIXe siècle. Paris, 1913–21.

Planche, J. R., History of British Costume, 3rd ed. London, 1881.

Poland, H., Fur-bearing Animals in Nature and Commerce. London, 1892.

Power, E., The Wool Trade in English Medieval History. Oxford, 1941.

— 'English Craft Gilds in the Middle Ages', History, iv (1919–20).

— and Postan, M. M. (eds.), Studies in English Trade in the Fifteenth Century. London, 1933.

Prat, J. H., Fourrure et pelletiers à travers les âges. Paris, 1952.

Quicherat, J., Histoire du costume en France depuis les temps les plus reculés jusqu'à la fin du XVIIIe siècle. Paris, 1875.

Reddaway, T. F., 'The London Goldsmiths circa 1500', Trans. Royal Historical Society, Fifth Series, xii (1962).

Renken, F., Der Handel der Königsberger Grossschäfferei des Deutschen Ordens mit Flandern um 1400. Abhandlungen zur Handels- und Seegeschichte, v, Weimar, 1937.

Ritchie, J., The Influence of Man on Animal Life in Scotland. Cambridge, 1920.

Rodocanachi, E., La Femme italienne à l'époque de la Renaissance. Paris, 1907.

Rörig, F., 'Les raisons intellectuelles d'une suprematie commerciale: La Hanse', Annales d'histoire économique et sociale, ii (1930).

— Wirtschaftskräfte im Mittelalter, ed. P. Kaegbein. Köln, 1959.

Royal Commission on the City of London Livery Companies. Parl. Papers (1884) xxxix: Report and Appendix, 5 vols.

Ruddock, A., 'London Capitalists and the decline of Southampton in the early Tudor period', Economic History Review, Second Series, ii (1949).

Sachs, J. C., Furs and the Fur Trade. London, 1933.

Salzman, L. F., English Industries of the Middle Ages. Oxford, 1923.

Schanz, G., Zur Geschichte der deutschen Gesellen-Verbände. Leipzig, 1877.

Sharpe, R. R., London and the Kingdom, 3 vols. London, 1894.

Stenton, Sir Frank, 'Norman London', in Social Life in Early England, ed. G. Barraclough. London, 1960.

Stieda, L., 'Über die Namen der Pelzthiere und die Bezeichnungen der Pelzwerksorten zur Hansa-Zeit', Altpreussische Monatsschrift, xxiv (1887).

Strutt, J., A Complete View of the Dress and Habits of the People of England, ed. J. R. Planché, 2 vols. London, 1842.

Tawney, R. H. (ed.), Studies in Economic History: the Collected Papers of George Unwin. London, 1927.

Thomas, A. H., 'The Medieval Municipal History of London', Trans. Royal Historical Soc., Fourth Series, iv (1921).

Thomas, A. H., 'Life in Medieval London', Journal of the British Archaeological Association, New Series, xxxv (1929–30).

Thrupp, S., The Merchant Class of Medieval London, 1300–1500. Chicago, 1949.

— 'Medieval Gilds Reconsidered', Journal of Economic History, ii (1942).

— 'The Problem of Conservatism in Fifteenth-Century England', Speculum, xviii (1943).

— 'A Survey of the Alien Population of England in 1440', Speculum, xxvii (1957).

Tout, T. F., 'The Beginnings of a Modern Capital', in Collected Papers, iii. University of Manchester, Hist. Series, lxvi, 1934.

Unwin, G., The Gilds and Companies of London. 4th ed., London, 1963.

— Industrial Organisation in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries. Oxford, 1904.

— (ed.), Finance and Trade under Edward III. University of Manchester, Hist. Series, xxxii, 1918.

Vere-Hodge, H. S., Sir Andrew Judde. Tonbridge, 1953.

Verlinden, C. 'The Rise of Spanish Trade in the Middle Ages', Economic History Review, x (1940).

Vernadsky, G. and Karpovich, M., History of Russia, vols. i–iv. New Haven, Connecticut, 1943–59.

Werveke, N. van, 'L'origine des corporations de métiers', Revue belge de philologie et d'histoire, xxiii (1944).

Wilcox, R. T., The Mode in Furs. New York, 1951.

Willan, T. S., The Muscovy Merchants of 1555. Manchester, 1953.

— The Early History of the Russia Company, 1553–1603. Manchester, 1956.

Williams, G. A., Medieval London: from Commune to Capital. London, 1963.

— 'London and Edward I', Trans. Royal Historical Society, Fifth Series, xi (1961).