Henry VIII: July 1545, 16-20 | British History Online

Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic, Henry VIII, Volume 20 Part 1, January-July 1545. Originally published by His Majesty's Stationery Office, London, 1905.

Citation:

'Henry VIII: July 1545, 16-20', in Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic, Henry VIII, Volume 20 Part 1, January-July 1545, ed. James Gairdner, R H Brodie( London, 1905), British History Online https://prod.british-history.ac.uk/letters-papers-hen8/vol20/no1/pp583-614 [accessed 16 November 2024].

July 1545, 16-20



16 July.	1200. Thomas Lord Poynings to Henry VIII.
R. O.	Learning that two ensigns of the Italians kept nightly watch by the water side over against the new stone bulwark at the end of Bace Bolloin, sent yesternight young Cotton, Spencer, Bowes and William app Robertes (each with 100 men with their shirts uppermost that they might know each other) over the water at low ebb opposite the Picards' camp to cut betwixt them and their ordnance. Meanwhile raised the alarm on this side the water and the Italians shot off their pieces towards this side, whereupon the others came suddenly behind them and slew all save five or six that came over the water and were taken. Cherymonte and Pawle Malaguse were in charge of the watch. Malaguse was slain with all his hand. Cherymonte was hurt with two hand gun shot and three arrows and his lieutenant slain, and not past a dozen of his band unhurt. Divers gentlemen were slain among them and over a hundred pioneers who were there making trenches. Might have won their ordnance, which was forsaken, but the tide came in so fast that he was forced to retire the soldiers. Bolloin, 16 July 1545.signed.
	Pp.2. Add. Endd.
16 July.	1201. Thirlby, Petre and Carne to Henry VIII.
R. O. St. P., x. 517.	Today the Emperor's commissaries delivered a writing subscribed, and received another from the writers (copies of both enclosed), trusting that upon the report of their proceedings means might yet be devised to bring matters to good quiet. The writers answered that they had ever been ready to accept good proofs, and, that many of the private matters (for of them they spoke most) were not ended was because the parties failed to appear. At their departing, two servants of the duke of Askot entered the chamber and renewed their suit "touching the river and standing of Boutes bulwark." The writers answered that, remaining always there, they had not yet been able to consult the Deputy and Council of Calais, but would do so and report to the King, who would doubtless cause answer to be made to the Emperor's ambassador in England or to his own ambassador with the Regent. Afterwards Chapuys came to their lodging and showed a letter to him from the Emperor, of the 9th. Inst., and the copy of another from the Emperor to his ambassador in England. That to Chapuys was only to thank him and request him to advise the ambassador. That to the ambassador stated that the Emperor desired peace between the King and the French king, and would earnestly travail therein and send some good personage to the French king, and for this he would make the shorter end of the Diet in Almayn and come to these countries. Chapuys said that if he could do any good he would go to meet the Emperor, otherwise he would rest in a corner; and he offered service.
	This next morning they depart hence and we return to Calais, and we beg your Majesty to accept graciously our proceedings in this Diet. Burborough, 16 July. Signed.
	Pp.3. Add. Sealed. Endd.:1545.
Galba, B. x.,	2. Contemporary copy of § 1.
214	Pp.2.
Lansd. MS.	3. Later copy of § 2.
171, f. 74. B. M.	Pp.3.
	1202. Bourbourg Papers.
	[The following papers are here taken together for convenience of reference in connection with the correspondence of the deputies at the Diet which lasted from the 11th of May until the 16th of July 1545. Many of them are printed in Schanz's Englische Handelspolitik, in an order which is presumably intended to be chronological, but in this abstract no such arrangement is attempted. The papers in the Galba MS. have been annotated throughout in the margin in an early seventeenth century hand.]
Galba, B. x.,	i. Flemish general complaints.
145-54. B. M.	The Emperor's deputies, sent to Gravelines in pursuance of the agreement (depart) made at Brussels, 6 April 1545 apres Pasqucs, between his commissioners and those of England, by which deputies of both princes should at Gravelines take cognisance of the complaints of the merchants of Burgos and all other complaints on both sides, say that subjects of the Emperor trading in England have complained, both to the Emperor and the Queen Regent, of ill-treatment in England contrary to the intercourse (by which it was agreed that trade should be free upon paying the dues accustomed before the year 1445), as follows: —
	1. Although the treaty of intercourse ought to be observed by England as it is by the Emperor, the Emperor's subjects in England do not there enjoy the same privileges as the King's own subjects, but are treated like other strangers, and, notably, on arriving in England they are compelled to pay 3d. a head (at Gravezinde 4d.) for the redemption of their head, as it is called. 2. In the river of London their ships cannot approach the land, but must discharge in midstream and pay money called "lichtage," contrary to the treaty of intercourse of 1495. 3. On arrival, the master of the ship must pay the customer 6d. for entering his declaration, and the master also must pay 8d. for entering, 2d. for the receipt and 1d. for sealing ; and they must submit to numerous vexatious regulations (described). 4. The duties have been gradually increased from 3d. to 23d. in the pound, which is contrary to the treaty of intercourse of 1495, and therefore the English commissioners are asked to make a declaration of what was paid 100 years ago, or at least of what is paid now. [5.] Besides the customs a further imposition is made within the last 30 years at London, called "scauwaigeghelt." 6. There is also a new imposition levied for the constable of London. 7. A charge of 6d.is made upon each ship for anchorage, which used to be 4d.,(8), another of 4d. for "grondage," and, (9), another of 4s. 8d. for "serching" ships which leave empty. 10. The charges for anchorage and searching are repeated at Gravesend. 11. Of wines brought to England in Flemish ships the 20th barrel is taken for the King, which is not done when the ship is English. 12. Flemish ships on leaving must pay another charge called "entregelte," and, 13, another called "waterbaliage" if they carrry merchandise, English ships being exempt.
	Besides all these charges, the merchants are subject to the following restrictions: — 1. The money arising from sale of their goods must be expended upon merchandise, and an obligation is taken to that effect, for which a charge of 4d. is made. 2. They must sell only to burgesses of London and other towns. 3. They must make exchanges only with English or Italians. 4. They must sell by the King's weight and buy by the weights which the merchants have in their houses. 5. They must sell victuals at prices fixed by the mayor of London, whereas Englishmen may sell at their own prices, and, (6), may not sell at all until the English victuallers have sold theirs. 7. They may not have their packing done by their own servants, and, (8), they must pay package even for lead and tin, which are not packed, and, (9), a new charge called "licencieghelt" is made for lead and tin. 10. Damage and annoyance by the searchers. 11. A statute has been made against bringing pins and hats from hence, and, (12), the export of cloths worth over 3l.is forbidden unless they are dressed in England.
	Moreover shipmen are harassed as follows : — 1. Englishmen board their ships and take victual without paying for it, even in the ports, and, 2, illuse the mariners. 3. Englishmen transfer goods out of Flemish ships into their own, even against the will of the merchants and to the damage of the goods. 4. When the King wants any ship for war or other purpose his captains arrest Flemish ships, leaving English which are equally suitable. 5. When the ships have served the King they are not duly paid according to their agreement. 6. Ships are detained to servo the King and not used. 7. Englishmen are forbidden to lade merchandise in foreign ships. 8. Laden ships are delayed by the customers. 9. In all countries mariners unlade their ships and receive what is called"priemghelt" for their labour, but in England they are constrained to give that money to the English and yet do the work.
	And, besides all that, the Emperor's subjects, are not allowed to remain in England without becoming denizens, English merchants are not bound to keep bargains with them and wrecks are confiscated.
	Finally the Emperor's commissioners request that the English commissioners will grant certain articles (detailed) to appease the long standing quarrel between the merchants of the Staple of Calais and the merchants of the Low Countries.
	French, pp.20. [Other copies in §§ xxxviii and 2 i.]
f. 155.	ii. Petition to the Emperor's commissioners now at Bourbourg for certain disputes between the Emperor and the King of France, by the authorities of St. Omer and Bredenarde touching the river of Boutz and proceedings of the English there.
	French, pp.3. [Another copy; in § 2 ii.]
f. 156-8.	iii. "The first particular complaints of the Emperor's subjects." (fn. n1)
	To particularise some of the complaints of the Emperor's subjects, his commissioners inform the King's deputies: — 1. Jaspar Duchi and his company, with the Emperor's safeconduct, freighted six ships with 542 last, 9 barrels, of herring for France, the Emperor having then no war either with France or England; but English men of war took all save one (which perished) and the claimants have thereby lost, over and above what they have received, 9,051l. 3s. 6d. de gros, which should be paid. 2. Alvaro Jeronymo Pardo, Diego and Lopes Gallo, the heirs of Jeronymo de Castro, and Francisque de Malvanda, Cretofle de Avila and Diego de Curiel, burgesses of Burgos in Spain, freighted at Rouen, for Portugal, three ships which, taking shelter in England, were there detained until the war ensued: they desire restitution in accordance with the declaration hereto attached. (fn. n2) 3. The guardians of the children of the late Jerome Crikelrnan, goldsmith of Antwerp, say that, with the King's safeconduct (copy herewith), he took 8,000 cr. worth of jewellery into England which was seized by the King's officers at Calais and cannot be recovered. 4. Jean Baptiste Nasi, Florentine merchant resident in Antwerp, with the Emperor's safeconduct, laded the ship Criere of Bremen with 38 last of herring for France; which has been spoiled by English men of war, and for which he asks 908l. gr. de Flandrex as in the account herewith. 5. The four members of Flanders represent that a ship laden with wine of Gillin Gillesse and Robin d'Wintre was wrecked on the English coast and part of the goods saved by the King's officers, who, however, refused restitution. 6. A poor mariner of Zeeland, Jacop Jacopss, was compelled to serve. the King in the war against France, and, being taken, was kept prisoner in France for six months, and lost his ship (attestations herewith). 7. Henri Jansse, burgess of Antwerp, was compelled to carry victuals in his ship the Heinle to Boulogne, where he was ill-treated and the tackling of his ship removed, for lack of which it perished. 8. The mariners of Antwerp, Vere, Armue and Rosendale are ready to prove great damage through the last arrest of their persons and ships by the King's officers. 9 Jean Bloc and Willem his brother served the King in his said war, for which wages of 95l. Fl. are still owing to them. 10 Jean du Moulin, burgess of Ostende, claims expenses of his suit for his ship and merchandise. 11. Alex. Anthinori and his company, Florentine merchants resident in Antwerp, say that since October last they delivered to Jacques vand Hoenen two cases of cloth of gold and silk, for London, which cases were taken at sea by a French ship of war and seven hours afterwards recaptured by an English ship of war which claims them as booty. 12. M. Jean Carole de li Aaffeitati and company, resident at Antwerp, had assured the said Anthinori to 520l. de gros upon 11 cases of cloth of gold and silk, which were taken as above, and for which they ask restitution. 13. Jean de Hobel (? Lobel) and Jean Herlin, the Emperor's subjects, laded at Eouen 56 tuns of wine of Auxerre and Orleans, for Sluys, which has been taken in England.
	Other particular complaints will be presented as soon as particulars are received at Gravelines.
	French, pp.5. [Other copies in §§ xliii and 2 v.]
f. 158-9.	iv. Other particular complaints (described like the above) of [14] Jacques de Prier of Antwerp, [15] Jean Baeck of Malines, [16] Jean Laurens of Dordrecht, [17] Gerard de Haze of Lille, and [18] the same Gerard, Jean de Lobel and Anthoine Rouse, with the conclusion "S'ensuit quelque nombre de complaintes particulieres semblables aux susdites."
	French, pp. 4.
f. 160-2.	v. Statement of the scavage and other dues levied in London.
	French, pp. 5.
f. 163-4.	vi. The agreement of 6 April 1545, with schedule of munitions. See No. 494.
	French, pp. 4.
	[ff. 165-8. Letters of 22 and 23 June 1545.]
f. 169-72.	vii. English general complaints.
Sohanz, Englische Handelspolitik ii., 312.	"[Serenissimi Regis Angliræ oratores ab ejus Majestate deputati] ad audiendum et terminandurn querelas et gravamina subditorum suaæ et Cesareaæ Majestatis juxta conventa inter eorum oratores apud Bruxels 6 April a^o 1545," submit to the Emperor's commissioners the following articles of grievances of the King's subjects of England contrary to divers treaties of intercourse ; and in convenient time more will be given, viz.: —
	1. Imposition of 5 per cent. 2. Imposition of 1 per cent. 3. Restraint of export of arms, etc. 4. Confiscation of goods untruly declared in the custom house. 5. Diverse duties upon merchandise according to the packing. 6. Restriction of travelling and of transmitting arms, etc., even when bought in Italy and elsewhere outside the Emperor's dominions. 7. Damaging of goods by customs officers. 8. Tolls upon beer and wine levied at the English houses of Antwerp, Berghes and Middelburg. 9. By the intercourse of 25 Feb., 1520, English merchants, repairing to Antwerp should pay no toll of Zealand, Houndtoll, nor other exaction than is taxed in the privileges granted by duke Philip. 10. Galleygelt. 11. Tonnage. 12. Tolls at Nieuport, Dunkirk and Gravelines upon goods which have already paid toll at Antwerp or Berghen. 13. Roergelt, (fn. n3) anchorage, ballistage and other exactions. 14. Swiggtolle. 15. Merchants not allowed to employ their own servants. 16. Safeconducts insisted upon during the war with France. 17. Tax of a 20th penny upon houses. 18. Delayed restitution of 33,000 ducats wrongfully exacted from English merchants in Andalozia in the seven years following 1528. 19. Imposition at Cadiz upon ships which merely called in passing. 20. Irish merchants not conceded the privileges as subjects of the King. 21. English ships arrested in Andalusia to serve the Emperor. 22. Increased custom upon "balis de batarie jussi" and nails. 23. Custom upon the bale called "mede" doubled. 23. (fn. n4); Ships arriving at Antwerp must be entered before the customers both of Brabant and Zealand and pay an extra charge. 24. New imposition by the customer of Gheervliet. 25. At Antwerp only ships belonging to the town may be hired by English merchants. 26. Bekenage. 27. Moorings of English ships at the wharf in Antwerp often maliciously cut. 28. Attacks by Antwerp sailors upon English merchants, one Win. Collin being openly murdered there in the year 1543. 29. Charges laid by weight upon merchandise which is not weighed.
	Lat., pp.7. [Other copies in §§ xxxix and 2 xv.]
f. 173-4.	viii."Ad respondendum prime articulo extractus missi ad Dominum Jasparem Duchi ac per Joannem Moys visitati"; being answers to eight articles, viz., 1. The 1st was disputed in the year 1525 when Gerardus Stercus was appointed receiver of the toll of Brabant, in presence of the court-master of the English since deceased; and that toll has always been taken, viz., for several bales of spices in one package, 3 stivers each, etc. 2. As to the 2nd the matter was disputed at Berghen op Zoom in 1535 in presence of the magistrates of Antwerp, Thomast (fn. n5). Hutton, governor, Secretary Brandelin and other Englishmen. My deputy Ant. Goethuis has seen letters 50 years old speaking of payment of "galeye" for each ship entering 6s. 5d.and for each departing laden 6s. 3d.etc. . 3. By a new exaction called "tonnage" I think that they mean "anchorage" as in the following article, and it is not a matter of the toll of Brabant or Zealand but of the water bailiff of Armew. 4. Roergelt may amount to 25 or 30 stivers annually; and was also disputed in '35. 5. "Zirichtol" or "Zwighend tole" my commissaries have never heard of. 6. Irish merchants ought not to be exempt. 7, 8. As to the 7th and 8th the sentence given in the Emperor's privy council 2 July 1543 between me and the factor of the English nation was — (quotes); the packages have notoriously increased in size, and therefore the toll in proportion.
	Lat., pp.2.
f. 175-8. Schanz, ii	ix. "Ad generalia gravamina per serenissimi Regis Anglise commissarios proposita ordine ut sequitur responsum est".
318.	Being the answer to § vii above, with a further answer appended under the heading "Latius respondendo articulis 25 et 26 et finali gravaminum generalium per serenissimi Eegis Angliae commissarios 25^a Junii novissime preteriti exhibitis, habita thelonarii nautarum et aliorum in iis rebus peritorum enformatione (sic), Cesareæ Majestatis deputati dicunt".
	Lat., pp.7. [Copies of the two parts of this in §§ xi, Iv, Ivii. and 2 xvii.]
f. 179. Sohanz, ii	x. "Extract ex libro juris theolonei domini nostri Principis apud Antverpiam."
363.	Detailing the dues levied upon the various sorts of merchandise.
	Lat., p.1. [Another copy in §; Iv.]
f. 180.	xi. Original paper of which the "further answer" mentioned in § ix above is a copy.
	Lat., pp.2.
f. 181-84. Sohanz, ii. 336. [German abstract.]	xii. "Querelæ particulares aliquot subditorum seronissimi Angliæ Re[gis co]ntinentes nonnulla gravamina eisdem in dominiis Cesareæ Majestatis illata, transmissæ a commissariis Majestatis Regis Angliæ ad commissaries dictæ Cesareæ Majestatis pro Dieta Calec. et Graveling, tenenda, mense maii anno Do. 1545."
	Detailing wrongs suffered by Ric. Feald and others. In all, 30 cases. (See § 4 below) with marginal abstract in English.
	Lat. [Other copies in §§ xl and 2 xx.]
f. 185-6.	xiii. Reply of the Emperor's deputies, pointing out that, by the recess of Brussels, this Diet was meant to take cognisance only of questions arising since the treaty of closer amity (thus ruling out the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 7th, 8th, 11th, 12th, 17th, 18th, 19th, 20th, 27th, 29th and 30th cases, as well as the 22nd to the 26th for which no date is given) and briefly answering the cases numbered 5, 6, 9, 10, 13-16, 21 and 28.
	Lat. [Other copies in §§ lix and 2 xxi.]
f. 187. Scuanz, ii. 339. [German abstract.]	xiv. A further list of particular complaints of Englishmen with the date "1 Julii" in the margin, detailing wrongs suffered (1, 2 and 3) by Sir John Arondel, Thos. Conderow and Martin Daniel in 1529, (4) by Edward Butler, (5) by John Sauptor of Plymouth in 1544, (6) by Wm. Wood and Ric. Feald in 1529, (7) by John Whiting in 1536, (8) by Wm. Wilford, (9) by Wm. Goodman in 1537, (10) by the same in 1544, (11) by Wm. Aldersey in 1529, (12) by Laur. Fox, (13) by Thós. Cowdron and Martin Daniell of Cornwall in 1538, (14) by John Towson of Plymouth and Adam Wintrop of London in 1542, (15) by Ric. Read in 1537, (16) by John Hawkins of Harwich in 1521, (17) by Edw. Reade in 1537, (18) by Robt. Gerard of Taunton in 1534, (19) by Wm. Aldersey in 1537, (20) by Thos. Martin and Geoff. Cooke in 1537, (21) by Hen. Brandling and Thos. Lamb of Newcastle, (22) by Wm. and Hen. Beauvoir of Guernsey in 1537, (23) by John Barnes in 1542, (24) by Martin Galley, (25) by Wm. Forman, (26) by J. Bcdley in 1536, (27) by the same, (28) by Laur. Giles in 1544, (29) by Thos. Portway of Dover in 1529, (30) by John Holland and Oliver East, (SI) by John Ashman, (32) by Laur. Gyles in 1542, (33) by John Dove senior in 1543, (31) by Brian Bellis of Hull (35) by Wm. Boch of Yarmouth in 1537, (36) by Wm. Wight, and (37) by Matth. Kennel in 1542.
	Lat., pp.9. [Other copies in §§ xl and 2 xxii.]
f. 192-3.	xv. Reply to the above, headed "Ad querelas particulares, 4 Jul. 1545, per commissarios serenissimi Angliæ Regis commissariis Cesareis exhibitas respondetur prout sequitur" (and in another hand "Exhib. 10 Julii 1545"), dismissing most of them as long past or else to be enquired of in Spain.
	Lat. [Another copy in § lx.]
f. 194-7. Sohanz, ii. 328, and 305.	xvi. "Cesareæ Majestatis commissarii, quorum (fn. n6); responsa generalibus querelis magnificorum dominorum oratorum serenissimi Angliae Regisi non ita pridem facta, quæ hie pro repetitis habenda sunt, sub hoc compendio redigentes per modum recessus, dicunt eadeni responsa rationi equitati et justitiaa esse consona." Here follows a reiteration of the principal points of § ix. Then, descending to the answer which the English ambassadors gave to the general complaints of the Emperor's subjects, they make a categorical reply to the 31 articles and to the complaint of the merchants of the Staple, concluding with a protestation that upon particular complaints, when proved, they are ready to make restitution, but that this Diet cannot take cognisance of old matters of Spain. Act. Burburgi, 16 Julii 1545.
	Lat., pp.7. [Other copies in §§ lv, lxi, and 2 xxiii.]
f.198-203 Schanz, ii. 296.	xvii. "Responsa commissariorum serenissimi Regis Angliæ ad gravamina exhibita per Cesareæ Majestatis commissarios" (see§ i.). In 33 articles, denying that new impositions are exacted, explaining head money at Dover, the necessity for unlading in midstream at London, &c.
	Lot., pp.10.[Other copies in §§ xli and 2 iii.]
f. 204-5. Schanz, ii. 324.	xviii. "Commissarii serenissimi Regis Angliæ, inhærendo quærelis generalibus per se in hac Dieta Commissariis Cesareæ Majestatis exhibitis, dicunt illas veras esse," etc. Vindicating the 29 articles (here called 30 by the subdivision of the 28th) of § vii.
	Lat., pp.4. [Other copies in §§ liv and 2 xiv.]
f. 206. Schanz, ii. 335.	xix. "Quoad querelas exhibitas per Mercatores Stapulae." To the effect that the said merchants certify the five articles (mentioned in § lvi.) to be true.
	Lat., p.1. [Other copies in §§ liv and 2 xiv.]
f. 206b. Sohanz, ii. 310.	xx. "Quantum vero attinet ad responsa data ad generates querelas magnificorum dominorum commissariorum Cesareæ Majestatis." The English reiterate their answer (§ xi.), and as to the particular complaints exhibited by them they are sorry that the Emperor's commissaries reject such as are old (which on that account should be the sooner heard) as they had conceived that by the convention of Brussels all complaints were to be heard and ended. They have no doubt of the answers given by the merchants of the Staple personally to the Imperialists, nor as to the justice of the particular grievances exhibited by themselves. They protest readiness to do justice 'in all cases of complaint by the Imperialists where proof is forthcoming. Burburg, 16 July 1545.
	Lat., pp.3. [Other copies in §§ liv and 2 xiv.]
i.208. Schanz, ii. 364.	xxi. " * * * mercatores extraneos, ut Januenses, etc." Being proofs furnished by authorities of the city of London of the antiquity of scavage.
	Lat., pp.3.
f. 209.	xxii. Answer of the collectors, controllers and surveyors of the port of London. That every shipmaster, English and foreign, pays 1d.for the description of his ship and cargo. Nothing is asked of merchants for description of goods; but if the merchants wish schedules of the same in English they are written, and the writers paid as may be agreed. The 2d. has always been paid for letters "super solutione vectigalis." These payments have been made time out of mind and the origin of them is unknown, nor is there any written law for them.
	Lat., pp. 2.
	[ff. 210-229. Letters, etc., noticed in this Calendar under their dates.]
f. 230-1.	xxiii. A paper headed by the marginal annotator: "Considerations exhibited to the Commissaries, 1545" and headed "In negocio jocalium." The Emperor's commissioners cannot think it the will of the King and his Council that the King's deputies here at Bourbourg should insist upon a sentence given in the matter of Gerardus Kreckelman as precluding further discussion, in view of what the ambassadors have written of the matter. A cross which he sold to the King and which was taken away by Arthur Darcy was the only jewel sold, and he paid custom upon it.
	Lat., pp.3. [Other copies in §§ xiv, 2 x and 6.]
f. 232	xxiv. Replication of the Emperor's commissaries to the answer of the King of England's commissaries upon the 6th article of the particular complaints § 1 iii.
	Lat., p.1. [Other copies in §§ xlvi and 2 xi.]
f. 233-5 and 236-43.	xxv. Papers to be noticed under 80 November and 19 December 1545,
f. 244.	xxvi. In their answer to the last article of complaints by the merchants of the Staple of Calais the Emperor's commissaries added that they would as soon as possible enquire into the matter of the searchers (scrutatorum). They have done so and find that the searchers act under the order of the Emperor and his predecessors in preventing the carrying of money out of the country, but are not so harsh as to forbid the taking of one, two, three, or four pieces. But every one knows how harshly the English collectors treat the Emperor's subjects, and even take away a single piece of English money; and, harder still, when they sell victuals at Calais they cannot bring away the price but must expend it in merchandise.
	Lat., p. 1.
f. 245. Schanz, II. 358.	xxvii. Explanation of the "first article," viz. of the system of "coquetts" and of the article "for entering of the ships outwards." Signed by Will'm Brounsop, collector of subsidy, and Ric. Heton, deputy of Robert Hennege, one of the customers of the little custom in the port of London.
	Later copy, pp. 2.
f. 246. Schanz, II. 359.	xxviii. Explanation by Wm. Shelton, searcher of the King's port of London, of the duties of his office.
	Later copy, pp. 2.
f. 247	xxix. Form of a recognisance by a merchant to expend in English merchandise such money as shall arise by sale of the goods he brings into the realm. ——(blank) 37 Hen. VIII.
	Later copy, p. 1.
f. 247b. Schanz, II. 361.	xxx. Certificate to "your honorable lordship and mastership," by John Bartlett, as to the exercise of the office of searchership at Calais towards the Emperor's subjects " according to my words spoken before you yesterday." 16 May 37 Hen. VIII.
	Later copy, pp. 3.
f. 248. Schanz, II . 362, 360.	xxxi. "The answer of William Burston and Richard Rawlyns, searchers at Gravesend, concerning the usage of their office there." Two different forms of answer. Later copy, pp. 5.
f. 250. Schanz, II. 356.	xxxii. Answer of the collectors, &c., of the subsidy inwards of the port of London to articles ministered by the King's Council.
	Later copy, pp. 3.
f. 251.	xxxiii. "A brief note and remembrance of such new impositions and exactions as be complained of by the Emperor's commissioners at his Diet." [A copy of § 5, without marginal notes.]
	Later copy, pp. 2.
Schanz, II. 358.	xxxiv. "The packer's bill of London," certifying his duties. Later copy, p. 1.
f. 252. Schanz. II. 356.	xxxv. Letter from the mayor, bailiffs and searchers of Dover to the bp. of Westminster and other the King's commissioners (in reply to a letter of 27 May asking whether 4d. a head is taken of persons passing over sea) certifying that 2d. a head is taken of all persons going and coming. Dover, 29 May.
	Later copy, p. 1.
f. 253. Schanz, II. 370.	xxxvi. "Compendium eorum vectigalium, custumarum et aliorum subsidiorum que per mercatores extraneos hodie solvuntur et solvi consueverunt per tempus cujus contrarii memoria hominum non existit," with signatures, copied, of Alex. Chapman, Christopher Smyth, Wm, Clifton, John Stringfellowe, Wm. Warner, and Ric. Heton,
	Later copy, p. 2.
f. 254.	xxxvii. "A note of certain things wherein the Emperor's subjects complain themselves newly exacted and grieved, contrary to the treaty of intercourse, viz.:—1. They pay coming in or going out at Dover 3d. and in returning at Gravesend 4d. for "heade money." 2. Coming to London they must discharge in the midst of the river and pay lighterage. 3. The master of the ship, on coming in, must declare all about his cargo, and for registering his oath thereupon pay 6d. 4. The merchants must do the like and pay 8d.; and over a dozen other grievances, ending with this, that when they have sold their goods they must not carry away the money but invest it in other merchandise for export.
	Later copy, pp. 2.
f. 255-6.	[Complaints made at the Diet of Bourbourg in the year 1532.]
f. 257-66. Schanz. II. 283 and 328.	xxxviii. "Querelse generates subditorum Cæsariæ Majestatis, 1545." Another copy of § i, with two additional articles upon the 34th and 40th articles.
	French. Copy, pp. 21.
f 267-9.	xxxix. Another copy of § vii.
	Latin, pp. 5. With marginal annotations.
f. 270-6.	xl. Another copy of § § xii and xiv.
	Lat., pp. 13.
f 277-82.	xli. Another copy of § xvii.
	Lat. Pp. 18, with xlii and xliii. appended.
f. 283. Schanz, II. 331.	xlii. "Responsa Mercatorum Stapule ad querelas contra eos propositos. Answering eleven articles.
	Lat. [Another copy in § 2 iv.]
f. 283b. Schanz, II. 342. [German abstract.]	xliii. Another copy of § iii.
	French.
f. 287.	xliv. "Responsa Commissariorum Regie Majestatis Anglie ad querelas perticulares exhibitas per magnificos dominos commissarios Cesaree Majestatis."
	They would have Jasper Duchi declare who his fellows are and divide his own case from the rest, etc.
	Lat. Pp. 20, with xlv-xlviii. appended. [Another copy in § 2 viii.]
f. 288.	xlv. "In negotio jocalium" (as in § xxiii.)
	Lat.
f. 289.	xlvi. Another copy of § xxiv.
	Lat.
f. 289b.	xlvii. "Aultres querelles particulieres" etc. (as in § iv. but containing the continuation there omitted, viz., the cases of (19) Jehan de Lobel, of (20) Jehan Simonet, Jerome Bartlemeus and Company, of (21) Jehan Claeis, (22) Lienin Phillipz, (23) Jehan Blomme, (24) Jehan Broere, (25) Giles de Rons, (26) Jehan de Moullin, and, (27) Barth. Olivers, Robt. Couper, David Hay, and the widow of Symon Peters; in all 27 numbered cases).
	French. [Another copy in § 2 vi.]
f. 293b.	xlviii. Yet other complaints put forward by the Emperor's commissaries, viz., 28, of Joseph Mustarde, 29, Guillaume de Recusta, 30, Ric. Robertse, 31, Guillaume Maetz, 32, Guillaume van Tongeron and Thierry vander Honnen, 33, the "tentmaistres de villaiges de Emblem et de Lechene," 34, Alarde Drumel, John Herlin, Gerard Herlin and Pierre Vignon, numbered consecutively with the preceding.
	French. [Another copy in § 2 vii.]
f. 297.	xlix. "Responsa Commissariorum serenissimi Regis Anglie ad particulares querelas secundo et tertio loco datas per Cesaree Majestatis deputatos." To numbers 14-34 of §§ xlvii. xlviii.
	Lat. Pp. 2.
f. 297b.	1. "Declaratio partium nonnullarum mercium vinorum, pannorum et aliorum id genus bonorum, que Anglici occupant et vi acceperunt Hispanis mercatoribus navigio mare transeuntibus prout latius in hac pagina patebit, quod intelligendum est a postremo bello inter Hispanos et Gallos." Eighteen numbered cases, but not in the order of those given in § xxv.
	Lat., pp. 4.
f. 299b. Sohanz, II. 346 [Abstract.]	li. "Memoire de ce que Sebastian de Franco demande comme procureur des parties suruantz (sic) dont il a presente les requestes es mains des Messrs, les Commissaires." Five demands on behalf of (1) Jehan le Vasseur, (2) Jehan Simonet, (3) Sebastian Gheens, (4) Thos. Balba and (5) the widow of Simon Petersse; with a fuller explanation of the third by the Commissioners.
	French, pp. 2. Same hand as preceding.
f. 300.	lii. "Replicatio." A copy of § 7, below.
	Lat., pp. 5. Same hand. [Another copy in § 2 xiii.]
f. 302b.	liii. "Duplicatio." A lengthy argument of the English Commissioners vindicating in the first place their reply to Article 2 of the particular complaints of the Imperialists against the replication given by them, viz.: that although at the time of the arrest there was no war between England and France, the ships, sailors and goods at present in question were lawfully arrested in England because the sailors with the ships aforesaid, and with another ship which came with them from France, had pursued an English ship in hostile manner, and also because of other crimes of which they were accused. Moreover, as the French ambassador was told at the time, the arrest would have been released if they had given sureties to answer the charges; and to demand restitution now, after the war, is unreasonable; nor does there appear any evidence that they belonged to the Burgos merchants who demand them, &c. The Commissioners also reply to the Imperialists as to the value of the goods arrested in France, &c.
	Lat., pp. 6. Same hand as the preceding except 12 lines on f. 303b. [Another copy in § 2 xiii.]
f. 305b.	liv. Similar vindications by the English (1) of their general complaints, (2) of those of the Merchants of the Staple, and (3) of their own answers to the general complaints of the Imperialists; being copies §§ xviii, xix, and xx.
	Pp. 9. Same hand as the preceding.
f. 310.	lv. Copies (in another later hand) of § viii.; of (f. 311) the first 23 articles of § ix.; (f. 314) of § x.; and (f. 315) of the remainder of the answer as given in § xvi.
	Lat., pp. 11.
f. 315. Schanz, II. 332.	lvi. Querele majoris et societatis Stapule ville Casisie (sic)." Five articles to the effect:. That they are defrauded by the Emperor's subjects, who, knowing that money was about to be reduced in value by an imperial edict, went before notaries before the day that payment of their debts falls due, declaring themselves (in the absence of their creditors) ready to pay, and when the creditors demand payment on the day prefixed, refuse to do so except at the value moneys were of when they made their protestation. (2) That whereas the commercial treaties of 1499 and 1522 require complaints as to the quality of wool sold to be made within 3 months after sale, they are visited in their House by officers who pronounce upon the quality and levy extortions. (3) That the four markets held at Antwerp and Berghes are protracted in a way to delay payments inordinately. (4) That contrary to those treaties they are hindered by writs called skepinsbrief from obtaining execution of sentences in their favor. (5) That when they return by Gravelines the searchers confiscate any new money of which there is no valuation made in these parts, or money that is broken or perforated or deficient in weight, when by the treaty all kinds of money or gold or silver vessels are free to be exported. (See also § xix.)
	Lat., pp. 2. [Another copy in § 2 xviii.]
f. 316. Schanz, II. 334.	lvii, "Ad querelas majoris et societatis Stapule Calesiensis respondent sacratissime Cesaree Majestatis commissarii prout sequitur." Five articles with a further argument for the last.
	Lat., pp. 2. [Another copy in § 2 xix.]
f. 317.	lviii. "Latius respondendo, etc." (as in § ix.).
	Lat., p. 1.
f. 317.	lix. Another copy of § xiii.
	Lat., pp. 3.
f. 318b.	lx. Later copy of § xv.
	Lat., pp. 3.
f. 320.	lxi. Later copy of § xvi.
	Lat., pp. 6.
Lansd. MS. 171.	2. Copies of the above papers, as follows:—
B. M.	i. Bequest of the Emperor's commissioners (§ 1 i.) incorporating some notes in Latin from later proceedings thereupon.
f. 10	ii. Petition of St. Omer and Bredenarde (§ 1 ii.).
f. 11.	iii. Reply of the English commissioners (§ 1 xli. or xvii.).
f. 15b	iv. Reply of the merchants of the Staple (§ 1 xlii.).
f. 16.	v. Particular complaints of the Emperor's subjects (§ 1 xliii. or iii.).
f. 18.	vi. Other particular complaints (§ 1 xlvii.).
f. 21b	vii. Yet other complaints (§ 1 xlviii.).
f. 23b.	viii. Reply of the English commissioners to the particular complaints (§ 1 xliv.).
f. 24.	ix. Further reply (§ 1 xlix.).
f.25.	x. The matter of the jewels (§ 1 xlv. or xxiii.).
f. 26.	xi. Replication of the Emperor's commissioners upon the 6th article (§ 1 xlvi. or xxiv.).
f. 26b.	xii. Losses of the Spanish merchants, as in MS. Galba B. x. 233-5 (to be hereafter noticed. See § 1 xxv.).
f. 28.	xiii. "The copy of the replication and the duplication to it in the cause of the Burgaleses," viz. Replication (§ 1 lii., with marginal date 7 Julii), Duplication (§ 1 liii., with marginal date x^o Julii anno 1545).
f. 33.	xiv. Vindications and replies by the English. See §§ 1 xviii, xix, xx, and liv.
f. 37.	xv. The English grievances (§ 1 vii.).
f. 41.	xvi. Answer to the first article of the extract (§ 1 viii.).
f. 41b.	xvii. Answer to the English general grievances (§ 1 ix, without the Latius respondendo &c.).
f. 45.	xviii. Complaints of the mayor and company of the Staple (§ 1 lvi.).
f. 46.	xix. Reply to the preceding (§ 1 lvii.).
f. 47.	xx. Particular complaints of the English (§ 1 xii.).
f 51.	xxi. Reply to the preceding (§ 1 xiii.).
f.52.	xxii. "Other perticuler complaintes" (§ 1 xiv.).
f. 57b.	xxiii. Conclusion of the Emperor's Commissioners (§ 1 xvi.). French and Latin. Later copies, pp. 118.
Add. MS	3. Copy of § 1 viii., above.
2,103, f. 193. B.M.	Lat., pp. 8.
R. O.	4. "Querele particulares aliquot subditorum serenissimi Anglie Regis continentes nonnulla gravamina eisdem in dominiis Cesaree Majestatis illata, transmisse a commissariis Majestatis Regis Anglie ad commissaries dicte Cesaree Majestatis pro dieta Caletie et Graveling tenenda, mense Maii anno 1545." See above, § 1 xii.
	Giving particulars of wrongs sustained by English merchants, viz.:— (1) by Ric. Feelde, Nic. Barker, and others, 7 or 8 years ago; (2) by Wm. Burninghill, Thos. Draper and John Lowne, in Oct. 1536, July 1587 and Nov. 1532; (3) by John Sadler, John Wilforde and George Barnes, in 1541; (4) by Laur. de Veke of Guernsey, in 1536; (5) by Wm. Garrarde; (6) by Hen. Hardson, Ric. Southwarke, Geo. Crowche, Hen. Wheler and Thos. Laws; (7) by Thos. Lawrence and Wm. Worseley, in 1536; (8) by Wm. Gilbert, on 15 Sept. 1536; (9) by John Aldrich, in Sept. 1544; (10, 11 and 12) by Wm. Mesure, Wm. Bidderton, Wm. Harland and Thos. Bedelton, in 1537 and 1536; (13) by Wm. Marshe of Calais, on 12 Sept. 1544; (14 and 15) by Jas. Gilbanke, in 1542 and 1544; (16) by John Banbury; (17) by Robt. Silliarde, in 1536; (18 and 19) by John Palmer of Hastings, in 1536; (20) by Wm. Taylour and Wm. Uxenbridge, in 1537; (21) by Thos. Marbury and six others (named), in 1544; (22 and 23) by John Wardall, of Hull, and Thos. Palmer, of Yarmouth; (24) by Thos. Whighting, of Yarmouth; (25) by Wm. Salmon, of Yarmouth; (26) by John Barmicham of Rose, in Ireland; (27) by Robt. Ringlande and five others (named) of Lythe in England, and Wm. Hammonde and six others (named) of Colchester, in March 1540; (28) by Thos. Browne of London, in 1534; (29) by Robt. Chapman, of London, in 1535; (30) by Robt. Voyter, of London, in 1534. The names of a great many ships and shipmasters, Flemish, Spanish and English, appear; and also many particulars of merchandise, &c.
	Latin, pp. 9. With flyleaf endd.: The private griefes of th'Englisshe merchauntes.
R. O.	5. "A brief remembrance of such new impositions and exactions as be complained of by the Emperor's commissioners at this Diet" (as in § 1 i. with marginal annotations).
	(1) Capitage at Gravesende, 4.d . (In margin "Sercheour "). (2) The master, entering the merchandise of the ship, pays the customer or his clerk, 6d. (Margin "1d. Custumer"). (3) The merchant, entering the same, is exacted 8d. (Marg. " iiijd. Custnmer"). (4) Having paid, they must pay for a bill of the payment 2d. (Marg. "Custumer"). (5) Sealing the merchandise before discharging, 1d. (Marg. "Wayters"). (6) Before the intercourse of 1495 strangers paid in England but 3d. in the pound and now pay 23d. (Marg. "The records to be seen.") They desire a declaration what is paid now in all causes, that hereafter may be no encroachments.
	(7) They pay 6d. for anchorage of every ship, whereas of late they paid 4d. (Marg. "Broke of th'Admiraltie.") For groundage 4d. is required. (8) For searching every ship returning out of the River without lading 4s. 8d. is imposed, and (9) the like imposition at Gravesende both for searching and anchorage. (Marg. "Sercheour.") For "waterbayliage." Payment of 4d. for the obligation whereby they are bound to declare how the money received for wares in England is employed. (Marg. "viijd. custumer.") They must sell by the King's beam and buy by the beams of the parties. They are compelled to pay for packing of tin and lead. (Mang. "iiijd. a fother, hogeshed tyn iiijd., bz. of tynne iiijd. Harman, London.) Licence money for tin and lead. (Marg. "Philip Denys.")
	"The statutes for pins and hats.
	"The statutes prohibiting the carriage over seas of cloths unwrought, unbarbed, etc.
	"For wrecks when the owner cometh within the year and day."
	Pp. 2. With marginal notes, mostly in Paget's hand.
R. O.	6. Another copy of §§ 1, xxiii. and xlv. above.
	Lat., pp.3. Headed: In negocio jocalium. Endd.: Touching the juelx.
R. O.	7. "Replicatio." (See above § 1 lii.)
	Reply to ambassadors of the King of England, showing that the second article of the private complaints exhibited by the Emperor's commissioners is well founded, as the ships and goods arrested in England on their way out of France to Spain, in charge of Alvarus de la Torre, Franciscus de Angulo, Andreas de Malvenda, and others, were the property of Alvarus Pardo and other Spaniards, subjects of the Emperor, who was then in league with the King of England, and there was peace between England and France. Several documents are cited, the latest dated 2 Dec. 1544.
	Latin, pp. 6. Headed: Replicatio. Endd.: Copie.
16 July.	1203. Wotton to Henry VIII.
R. O. St. P.. x.524.	On the 8th inst. received the Council's letters of the 2nd., and on Saturday, the 11th, declared to the Emperor the first part of his instructions. The Emperor answered that he knew of no reprisals granted against Henry's subjects in Spain and he had written thither to grant none, and (although our "coursare," meaning Renegar, had greatly offended in robbing the ship that came out of Ynde) to arrest no more than had been taken; but that was before he knew of the ill handling of his other subjects arrested in England, contrary to the treaties and to the late agreement made at Bruxelles. The two ships were alone worth more than all the English goods arrested in Spain. Thereupon Wotton declared the rest of his instructions. The Emperor marvelled that those things which were fully answered when Hertford and Winchester were here were now renewed; Henry was content that he should make peace with France and had so declared to Arras. Wotton said that the matters had been "nothing less than fully answered"; and showed why faith should not be given to Arras's words. The Emperor said that Arras was not alone;—and named his ambassadors resident. Wotton replied that they were indeed present, as also were such as would justify with the sword that Arras had not reported the truth. The Emperor said that he never heard thereof before, and as these matters were so important he would like to have them in writing; but Wotton desired to be excused as having no commandment to deliver it in writing. The Emperor then told him to speak with Grandvele who would better remember these things.
	On Monday, the 13th, repeated his instructions to Grandvele who said that he would obtain the Emperor's answer therein, but, by way of friendly communication, he would say that Renegar greatly offended in going away, when he ought to have tarried till the law decided whether the feathers were justly claimed by the Spaniard, and still more in spoiling the ship out of Ynde, contrary to the agreement made at Bruxelles. Wotton said that he knew not what Kenegar would answer, but, as he committed no offence in Spain, he was not bound to answer there, and the trial of the matter would have "been, as it is wont to be, without end"; whatever Renegar's act was, by the treaty neither reprisals nor general arrest should be made for it, and, as for his going unpunished, if it were proved that he had offended he would doubtless be punished; the arrest in Spain was long before any complaint was made against him. But Grandvele would have it that the arrest upon such cause did not offend the treaty; the other matters were debated when Hereford (sic) and Winchester were here, and the Emperor sent Chapuis back into England only to satisfy the King and Council therein and have all things "esclarcidde "; and if the King were not satisfied it was not the Emperor's fault, whose ambassadors had been ready to answer all things; and even a while ago, when Wotton spoke for aid "if invasion be now made," the Emperor instructed his ambassador to debate that matter; who lately came to the King for that purpose, but, being spoken to assez expressement, deferred it to a more convenient time. Wotton answered that it was evident that Chapuis did not satisfy the King therein, considering what has been said to the Emperor's ambassadors there, and by Wotton, and also by Secretary Paget when last with the Emperor. Grandvele said that the matter touched his son no more than it did De Courrieres and Chapuis, who wrote to the Queen the same that Arras told the Emperor, and that, even though the King had not consented, the Emperor might have made peace, because the King's army passed not the Somme; and when Wotton would have shown that the passage of the Somme was to be selon la raison de la guerre Grandvele said that these words applied to proceedings after the passage of the Somme. Grandvele added that the Emperor was content to make all the world judge of the matter, and would have published the articles of the treaty and the facts that ensued but that he thought that the King would be discontent. Wotton did not think the King could be offended with what could only turn to his honour. Grandvele said that the King had no better friend than the Emperor, but if he did not "allow" what the Emperor had done he could not reasonably require aid of him. As to allowing the peace with France, Wotton answered, Grandvele knew best what peace was made, but if it was otherwise made than the King had consented to, the King could not allow it. Grandvele said that the matter was important, and should be answered after he had reported to the Emperor.
	In conversation Grandvele said that the Emperor would travail earnestly for peace between the King and the French king, and would therefore end this Diet as soon as might be; also that he heard (not of the French ambassador here, but out of France) that the French intended no invasion in England but to do what they could about Boloyn and make a fortress there; and he brought in very prettily, in speaking of the craft of the Frenchmen, that the French would fain have it that the English "go about to make league with the Protestants."
	On the 15th inst., sent to Grandvele to remember the answer, and was promised it "as soon as might be"; but, as Dr. Mont has occasion to send, thinks it well to notify what has been done. Will despatch Nicholas the courier when he has the Emperor's final answer. The day (or the morrow after) that Francisco left, the Emperor declared to the Protestants that he would assign another Diet and a meeting of learned men, thus promising more than the Protestants required, so that many marvel that he who began by threatening is so far changed. Upon the said declaration the Emperor sent Dandelo to Rome. Wormes, 16 July 1545. Signed.
	Pp. 6. Add. Endd.
16 July.	1204. Wotton to Paget.
R. O. St. P., x. 529.	Signifies to the King what is done, although he has as yet no answer to the instructions last received and declared to the Emperor. His own conjecture is that they will neither declare against France nor grant any aid; and howsoever they may burst out at the making of their answer, hitherto they have used their accustomed coldness. Has done Paget's errands to Boucler and Mounte. Sends copy of the ban and arriereban of France, and the French king's ordonnance thereupon. (fn. n7) Is told today that a captain of lansknechts called Asmus Vander Hoeve says that Peter of Geldres is slain and his men overthrown. Both the Count of Oldenburgh and Duke of Lowenburgh seem to be against the Protestants. Many lansknechts return out of France because of small wages. The Protestants seem to be in better case than they expected. Whether it be that the matter of Lorayne and Bar engenders suspicion, or that the French fear that the marriage will not take effect, or (as Italians here say) the French king is displeased that the Bishop of Rome shows himself friendly to the Emperor, the Emperor is more gentle to the Protestants than any man here looked for. Wormes, 16 July 1545.
	Hol., pp. 2. Add. Endd.
16 July.	1205. Bucler and Mont to Henry VIII.
R. O. St. P., x. 519.	A learned man named Johannes Sturmius, at Argentine, privily retaining to the French king, on the 13th inst. sent a letter (enclosed) desiring Mount to speak with him next day at Spirs. At their meeting, Sturmius said that a trusty servant whom he often sends to the French Court, two days ago brought letters and also word that, fourteen days ago, being in France with letters from his master to the French king, the Cardinal Bellaius and others asked news of Germany, and he answered that at Woormbs the Protestants were sorry for the present wars between Francis and Henry. Next day the servant repeated the same words to the French king, who answered "that he might bear well the Protestants for arbitrers and pacificatours" betwixt him and Henry, whom he has ever loved, perceiving their setting together to be done by craft of others, and that the intolerable cost of the war would be better employed otherwise. Francis added that he thought Henry would render Bologne upon honorable conditions, seeing the expense of keeping it; and he himself would pay all the arrears of the pension, being 800,000 crs. and continue the payments at the accustomed terms. Francis said also that Henry laboured to make a confederacy with the Protestants, which, as tending to prolong the war with France, the Emperor did not mislike. Sturmius had no commission from the French king to propone such things, but had letters from Cardinal Bellaius, the Dolphine and the Admirall, desiring that they should be proponed to the Protestants; and he desired Mont to declare this to Henry. Mont asked for things in writing and wrote out the articles (herewith) which Sturmius signed. Sturmius said that he had not the Dolphine' s letter with him, but its sentence was "We woll that you ernestlie with all diligence doe the things which Anthony your servant knoweth of." He let Mont read the Cardinal's letter and gave him the enclosed extract, written with his own hand which he supposed that Henry knew. The French king is very desirous that the Protestants should, as soon as possible, send ambassadors to both Kings for truce. The Dolphine desires this peace, fearing his brother's advancement, and has thrice sent "Monsir Catholon, nephew to the Chancelour of France," to Bellaius, praying him to set forth this matter, and will neither salute his brother, the duke of Orleans, nor go to the seas with the Admiral.
	In reply Mont said that Henry was earnestly bent to war, and would not render Bologne after the expense of its explanation, not signifying that he had already talked with the Protestants of mediation; but Sturmius pressed him to learn Henry's inclination. Sturmius has also written ernestly to the Protestants' ambassadors here and to the Landgrave for the same cause.
	Despatch this post by Wotton's advice, who is not sure when he will despatch Nicholas. Enclose copy of the Emperor's last and resolute answer to the Protestants, showing "how rawly the things remain between them." Enclose a letter from the Landgrave (fn. n8) answering theirs written to him, as Mr. Pagett commanded; and, where he writes that they should travail with the rest of the Protestants' ambassadors, they do so, as if for their lives; but the Duke of Saxony (fn. n9) and Pomerane have not yet sent their commissions, and all stay till the Duke of Saxony's commission come.
	All things in the Diet are yet in suspense since the Emperor and Ferdinando came, who have seemed to protract proceedings (by hunting expeditions) until they might hear of peace from their ambassadors to the Turk, "and then to have attempted some further enterprise," which now they will dissemble and so patch up this Diet without effecting anything. Wormbs, 16 July. Signed.
	Partly in cipher, pp. 5. Add. Endd.: 1545.
R. O.	2. Contemporary decipher of the ciphered portions of the above.
	Pp. 4.
R. O.	3. Memorandum enclosed in § 1.
St. P., x. 521.	Cardinal Bellay, understanding that the Protestants misliked the war between the two Princes, said to a messenger of my friend that his King warred unwillingly against the King of England (whom he even loved) and would not refuse the intervention of the Protestants for peace. Afterwards the messenger spoke with the King, who showed that he would accept their intercession, and understood that there was some treaty between the King of England and the Protestants. The King seemed to think that the King of England could be induced to make peace and perhaps, on honest conditions, restore Boulogne, which could not be kept without great expense; and he hinted that in that case he would not be unjust (iniguum) in the controversy about pensions and in other demands. Next day the messenger was despatched; and the King would know what the Protestants would do herein before men are exasperated by further fighting. Signed: J. Sturmius.
	ii. Fair copy of the above in Mont's hand.
	Lat., pp. 2. Endd.: Th'articles.
R. O.	4. Cardinal du Bellay to Sturmius.
St P. x 521.	As to expense, if you have to go (si eundum erit, misprinted secundnm erit in St. P.) to Montt, and for anything else of the kind, pray spare not; I pledge myself that all will be supplied. O, if we may attain what you [will learn] from Antonio, what joy to all good men and lovers of peace! I was Antonio's authority and undertake to perform it. If you have anything secret to him whom you once inveighed against to me (I mean the Archbishop) you may use me as medium, for to him it is not so safe; I have told the bearer so (ita misprinted iter in St. P.).
	Lat. In Sturmius's hand, p. 1. Encld. by Mont: Pars literarum Bellaii Cardinalis.
R. O.	5. Proposition of the Emperor to the Diet declaring that, as a settlement of the controversy in religion is at this time impossible, he appoints another Diet at the city of N. at the date N., which he will attend in person. Before it, he will have a colloquy (such as have sometimes been held heretofore) of good and learned men, viz. one or more presidents, four speakers and four auditors for the states attached to the ancient religion, whom he will appoint, and four speakers and four auditors to be chosen by the states of the Augsburg Confession, and named to him before 1 Sept. next. The colloquy to be held at the date N. in the city of N. and its proceedings and conclusions laid before the whole Diet. Meanwhile, for the peace of Germany, the peace which he heretofore proclaimed and all pacts and recesses heretofore made are confirmed; and he and his brother the King of the Romans promise to observe them, together with this present recess.
	Lat. In Mont's hand, pp. 3.
16 July.	1206. Bucler to Paget.
R. O.	We have sent, with other advertisements to the King a letter from the Landgrave to us, in "responsion" to ours certifying him of the things you wrote and desiring him to further the matter depending between the King's Majesty and the Protestants according to our last communication with him, as will be seen by the letter and translation sent therewith. As to travailing with the rest of the ambassadors of the Protestants, we have continually done so, but learn by secret friends that Duke Frederic of Saxony and Pomerane have not yet sent their commissions, and all is staid until Duke Frederic's commission comes. We daily expect their promised "responsion." Has been troubled with fever and is not yet well. Could not go to Duke Philip, but Mr. Mont spoke with him, as appears by the ambassador's letters.
	I had written this when Mr. Mont brought the news from Sturmius whereupon, by Mr. Wootton's advice, we despatched this post, being uncertain of Nicholas' despatch because Mr. Ambassador had not spoken with Grandvell. I beg that bearer, my servant, may be returned at next despatch. Wormbs, 16 July.
	Yesterday came news that the Turk's men have occupied, in Hungary, three castles of the bp. of Grone. Signed.
	Pp. 2. Add. Endd.: 1545.
16 July.	1207. Mont to Paget.
R. O.	Before leaving Strasburg, I often lamented with John Sturmius the present conflicts and discussed the possibility of a reconciliation between the kings of England and France; and we have since continued the question by letter, and Sturmius with the French, and Mont with the Protestants, have worked for peace. Found the Protestants averse to treating the matter, as fearing to undertake what they might not be able to perform, but has persuaded them to debate it among themselves and think of persons to be sent to either King to learn whether their mediation would be acceptable. We have striven with the Protestants to make the league between the King and these States against the bishop of Rome, and, seeing it rather delayed, did not dare to try another project. We have now signified the state of that case to the King. At their meeting yesterday, John Sturmius assured him that the King of France was ready enough for peace with England, and that the Dauphin showed himself most desirous of this peace by the mediation of the Protestants, and both Bellay and the Admiral are striving for it. The same Sturmius also said, his messenger being present and confirming all, that Cardinal Turnon and another had interceded with the king of France not to try anything by the Protestants, as any alliance with them would offend the bishop of Rome. Sturmius said that he could easily get the French king himself to write to the Protestants thereupon, provided that they ask it; and he besought Mont to learn whether the King of England could bear that the Protestants should be mediators, as the French king desired that, by ambassadors of the Protestants, a cessation of hostilities might be the sooner obtained. Although it appears by Paget's letters that the King has never been averse to an honorable peace, and can now bear to be freed from war by better friends than [those] by whose art he took up arms, it seems worth while to send this by a special messenger.
	The Emperor lately moved the king of Poland, by ambassador, to aid the other Christian princes against the Turk, who meditates a general invasion; also to consent to the Council of Trent and send ambassadors thither, and to reduce to obedience those with him who gainsay the said Council. The King answered that he would not advise war against the Turk at this time, but that every effort should be made to make peace among the states and princes; if any, however, would not obey the Pontiff's Council he would join in a common war to reduce them to obedience.
	Last week I was with Duke Philip and showed the King's mind upon those things which he wrote to the King; but he has answered nothing as yet. Moved him to write everything, openly and distinctly, to the King. Thinks that the duchy of Brunswick will be given, in sequestration, to Duke Maurice, the Duke of Juliers, the Margrave of Brandenburg and the Palatine until the case is decided.
	Sturmius, in the utmost confidence, has begged that his dealing with me may be kept secret, and to move you not to reveal it there; for, however agreeable it shall be to the Emperor, we may perhaps incur great danger. I promised also to travail that it should not be revealed to the bp. of Winchester, whose enmity he fears because of a rather harsh mention he once made of the bp. in a certain writing. Dr. Bucler, the Queen's secretary, has for many days suffered from a grievous fever which allows him no rest. Wormes, 16 July, 1545.
	The articles which, at Sturmius's dictation, I wrote rather hurriedly I have written out again on the same page in a larger letter, to save you delay. I also send you a letter which I once thought to send by the economus of Dr. Wotton, but retained because not yet certain of the consent of the Protestants. We will meanwhile lose no opportunity, for we are confident that this treaty will be agreeable to the King.
	Lat. Hol., pp. 3. Add. Endd.
16 July.	1208. Covos to Charles V.
Spanish Calendar, VIII., No. 96.	Describes the death of the Princess, on 12 July, and grief of the Prince. Valladolid, 16 July 1545.
	^*^ A modern transcript is in B.M., Add. MS. 28,594 f. 135. Sp., pp. 3.
17 July.	1209. The Privy Council.
Dasent's A. P. C., 210.	Meeting at Portsmouth, 17 July. Present: Essex, Admiral, Winchester, St.John, Browne, Wingfield, Paget. Business:—Upon information that they had sold goods claimed by Spaniards, the mayor of Plymouth and Hawkyns of that town were sent for.
17 July.	1210. Paget to [Norfolk].
Harl. MS. 6,989, f. 136. B. M.	By the copy, herewith, of a letter from Bullen your Grace may perceive that sometimes our men are busy with the Frenchmen, who, as I wrote, have planted themselves on the other side the water, in three camps, the horsemen (not yet above 400) on the hill towards the sea, the Almains (6,000) "upon the slant of the hill whereas you came down from Mutterell ward, and there have they planted their ordnance, with defence of maunds, which shooteth easily into the market place of the upper town." They have been busy shooting to a stone bulwark which was building at the south west end of the base town, but "now Englishmen have learnt to contemn the gun shot." The Towre Gate and Bulloyn Gate of the upper town "doth beat them much in their camp, and so doth the Old Man, but specially the Young Man." Blewmantell, (fn. n10) who was sent thither with money, came hither yesterday and will repair to your Grace to tell of all things there. I stay him a day or two lest the King would ask for him. Upon my lord Chancellor's suit, the King has "appointed Blewmantel to be Somerset (who is departed this world) (fn. n11) and Hammes (fn. n12) to have his place, which room of Hames if it may please your Grace to bestow upon a pretty fellow, a servant of mine, that speaketh French well and Latin, and understandeth also Italian and Spanish, your Grace shall bind me the more to do you service and provide the King of a man (fn. n13) that I trust will prove, with time and experience, a very good minister in that kind of service." Blewmantel can inform you of him and of things here. Portesmowth, 17 July 1545.
	P.S.—"I forgat afore to tell your Grace that the rest of the French army, being 800 Italians and 4,000 Picards, Normans and Gascons, lie about Pont du Bryke, where they have made a bulwark of earth."
	Hol, pp. 2. Flyleaf with address lost.
17 July.	1211. Walsoken Guild.
R. O.	Surrender by Ralph Stannow, master or keeper of the fraternity or guild in the chapel of Holy Trinity besides the ditch called Le Stathedyke in Walsoken, Norf., and the brethren and sisters of the same, of the said chapel with all its possessions in Walsoken, Westwalton, Wysbyehe, Leverington, Emnyth and Elme in co.——(blank) or elsewhere in cos. Norf. and Camb. Dated 17 July 37 Hen. VIII. Signed by Stannow and 19 others, nine of whom sign with marks.
	Seal appended.
	Note by John Eyer that this was acknowledged before him, 10 Sept., by virtue of the King's commission.
	Parchment.
	ii. Commission to John Eyre to take the above. Westm., 13 July 37 Hen. VIII. Seal appended (much injured).
	Parchment.
	iii. List of the master and brethren present at the surrender. Fourteen names.
	Paper, p. 1.
	See Eighth Report of Dep. Keeper of Public Records, App. II. 46.
17 July.	1212. Petre to Paget.
R. O.	Our common letter tells the manner of our departing here and what is done. Pray help that our doings may be taken in gracious part. We have despatched a post to Mr. Utton with copies of everything and a full instruction; so that, with what we sent him before, he is fully instructed of our proceedings. Chapuis came to us this afternoon with many fair words and offers of service, with commendations to my lord Chancellor and you by name. "Thus make I an end of our ill diet, wherein I pray God we have contented the King's Majesty, and as for the rest we shall care the less." Asks whether on his way to Court he may steal a day or two to see his house, which is a little out of the way. Thanks for news and money. Burborough, 16 July.
	Commendations to my lord Chancellor. The post was not despatched hence till 17 July about 10 o'clock.
	Hol, p.1. Add. Endd.
17 July.	1213. T. Chamberlain to Paget.
R. O.	Coming hither to recover health and avoid the rest of the King's commissaries at Burburugh (because a child died in the house where he lodged), chanced at Newporte to see "a very fair mare, mighty and young, with a horse colt of iij months old." Bought them for Paget, at a first penny of 28 cr., and thinks their like is not in England "of the race of these countries." Will buy another to couple with this in a wagon and convey them to Callais, although the date of Paget's passport is expired, who, whatsoever chance, shall bear no loss.
	Since writing the above I received a letter from Mr. Peter declaring "that, by your letters, he understood that I had a new charge committed unto me; whereof as yet I have no manner of knowledge." Protests at some length that he will do his best and not forbear to strain his friends in order to maintain an "honest porte," but cannot continue to do so unless he share that bountifulness which the King ministers "to all that serve him, yea, and serve him not"; and as he has neither lands, fee nor office, he would purchase 100l. a year of the King at 15 or 16 years' purchase, and doubts not but that his friend on this side who holds him up by the chin will help him with 300 or 400 mks. before Hallontide in part payment. Bruges, 17 July 1545.
	If not appointed to such charge as Mr. Peter's letters imply, asks whether to repair to the King "after these Diets finished"; and whether he or his friends should seek for something to ask or purchase of the King. His friend Richard Pate, gentleman of Lincoln's Inn, whom Mr. Mason knows, could shortly spy something meet. Here are no news worth writing.
	Hol, pp.4. Add. Endd.
17 July.	1214. Vaughan to Wriothesley.
R. O.	Seven days past, having agreed with Jasper Dowche for the emprunture of 300,000 ducats for one year at 10 per cent., Vaughan resolved to go into England to declare things necessary for its setting forth, but learnt at Calles that the King had despatched Lucas Frynger and an Almayn (fn. n14) with a charge to him, and thereupon returned to Andwerp, where Lucas and the Almayn delivered him Wriothesley's letters and a bill of exchange for 5,500l. Fl., of Antony Bonvyce and Ancelyn Salvage, to be paid to the said Almayn. The Almayn desired 1,000 cR. Onwards, to be sent into Almayn for presting men; and this was at once received of the consignees. Will receive the rest within six days. Here is an Almayn who served in England with 500 horse, named Follaert Vanden Luy, who has 200 horsemen for the King lying between this and Calles and has pledged his chain, rings, and all that he had to defray their charges. For sorrow that he cannot hear from the King, to whom he sent two men fourteen days past, he is fallen sick. An answer from thence would be to the King's honor and the man's ease, who has a goodly company. "It will much faint men's hearts in Almeyn if serving honestly they be not paid." Hears that the Emperor goes about to get the Bastard of Gelders' men, "or at least to break them." An Italian named Bassadoyne travails here to borrow of the chief bankers of the Almeyns 100,000 cr. for the French king upon bond of the receivers of Madame de Vendonie's revenues of Engyn beside Bruxelles, Newport and Dunkyrke, but the Almeyns require the Emperor's consent thereto. Meanwhile Signor Score has written to Jasper Dowche to meddle with no emprunture either for the King or the French king. Was told this today by one of the chief Almeyn bankers, (fn. n15) who, of himself, offered to emprunt the King 200,000 cr. Considering that the world is full of practices, answered that such a gentle offer deserved thanks and he would not fail to signify it, but the King had no need of money, and Vaughan was not sent hither "to make any finance"; although if he perceived that the French king was about to make any finance with merchants here he would do his best to disappoint it, and would forthwith take the bargain for a reasonable interest. "He answered me it should not be long or he brought me answer; and so departed." Means to learn from Jasper Dowche how the world goes for finances. Fears that the Emperor is about to gather all the money of the bankers here "and will become a financier himself." Would gladly know the King's pleasure touching the 300,000 cR. Of which he lately wrote to Mr. Secretary from Calles. Can get money here in spite of the Emperor if honest interest and good sureties are given. Intends to assay what sureties and interest this Almayn who was with him today will ask; and advertise the King's Council.
	"The Marquis of Gwast's coming into Almayn accompanied with so many captains offendeth much the Almeyns, and is like to grow to some great effect. The Almeyns here wish the King's Majesty prosperity, for they see, if his Majesty's wars should not take good effect against the French king, the Emperor, with his vain peace with the Turk, would be revenged of the Almeyns." The Turk will make no peace for less than five years, and will comprehend therein the king of Fesse, the king of Portugal, and Spain. When he hears how ill the Almeyns agree with the Emperor, he will take no peace at all; and yet peace would serve him for fortifying in Hungary and thereabouts. Hears of an arrest in London of the Emperor's subjects' goods, and knows not "what that will work here." Eight sail. of French men of war out of Scotland are in Zelande and should be "laid for." Andwerp, 17 July 1545.
	P.S.—"To this day here hath been made none arrest nor none of the King's Majesty's subjects or goods stayed."
	Pp.5. Add. Endd
	ii. On a slip of paper pasted into the above, Vaughan has written: "I have paid Jasper Dowche for his brokerage 3,000l. Fl after the rate of half one in the hundred."
17 July	1215. Charles V. to Van der Delft.
Spanish Calendar, VIII., No. 97.	The English ambassador has addressed the Emperor and was subsequently referred to Granvelle. He justified the seizure of ships by saying that the Emperor's subjects first began to use violence (and he complained of last year's decree of seizure in Flanders); seizures in England had long ago ceased, and letters of marque were now refused and privateers recalled; the recent seizure of two vessels belonging to Quintana Duenas and Miranda was owing to the seizure of English vessels in Spain subsequent upon the proceedings (described) of the King's subject Renegat, and the King would release these two vessels if the seizure in Spain, which was an open violation of the treaty, was released; but he said nothing of the restitution of the property taken by Renegat from the Indian ship, or of the gold which certainly belonged to the Emperor. He was answered that it was notorious that the trouble arose from unprovoked acts of the English, and the Emperor's moderation was demonstrated by what happened before Paget came to Brussels and by the agreement (fn. n16) then made; the treatment of Renegat's matter in England was monstrous, a man who had committed a piracy publicly welcomed in the King's court! The King's arrest of the two vessels was a direct infraction of the treaty. The ambassador could only reply that a foreign ship in a friendly port was not subject to the local jurisdiction; which the Emperor refuted.
	As to maintenance of the treaty the Ambassador argued, as Hertford, Winchester and he did at Brussels, that the treaty should be interpreted literally, its words being that one party should not make peace without the other, that on either party being invaded the invader should be declared enemy of both, and specified aid given by the party not attacked, and that if England wished to invade France the Emperor should furnish him with men, victuals, etc., at his expense; last year when the King of France invaded Guisnes the Emperor ought to have declared against him and sent assistance, but, instead, took ten weeks for consideration and subsequently delayed the matter with generalities, forbade his subjects to serve the King, and refused passage to the King's troops and export of munitions to him, while allowing passage to French troops whereby Ardres was revictualled; if the Emperor held the treaty valid would he frankly give his reason for deferring the declaration, or, if there was no reason, take arms against France, which was now impoverished to the last degree; the treaty with France should not prejudice the prior treaty with England, and never had the King's consent except upon the condition that his demands were granted by France, for the reports of private persons and servitors could not be accepted in contradiction of the King's word, which also an honorable personage was ready to maintain. The Emperor's answer was that these arguments as to observance and declaration had already been refuted at Brussels; the ten weeks had been taken more especially in order to set forth the Emperor's views to the King, for which purpose Chapuys and Vander Delft were sent, and they had been repeated to Paget, at Brussels, who replied that he could not discuss the question of the declaration; and recently, upon the Ambassador's warning to make ready the assistance, Vander Delft had opened the discussion of it to the King, but refrained from irritating him by continuing it after his references to the seizures; the Emperor, having made peace with France by the King's consent, should be bound to either treaty so far as compatible with the other, and on this point he desired a clear understanding. As to consent, the King and his ministers sometimes seemed not to insist upon their denial but mentioned a personage who would contradict what the Emperor said. It must first, however, be proved that this personage was present and near enough to hear when the King spoke to Arras and the Emperor's ministers; the Emperor was far into the enemy's country and the King detained before Boulogne and Montreuil, so that it was no season for capitulations or delay, whereas the King was unable to do his part of the joint enterprise, as confessed by the negociation he was then hoping to conclude with France, and he rightly consented to the Emperor's negociating in accordance with their arrangement that each should treat for the settlement of his own demands, although, as was pointed out to the ambassador at the time, the King's failure to send his army along the Somme against Paris and to enter France with 30,000 men before 10 July left the Emperor at liberty to make peace without his consent on receipt of his answer that he could not send his contingent to the joint enterprise; moreover, the King is expressly and honorably reserved in the treaty of peace.
	As to the Ambassador's remark about entertaining his master with generalities, the delay, the Emperor said, had been on the King's side; and, whereas he alleged that the Emperor's patrimonial subjects were forbidden to enter the King's service, only subjects of the Empire had been spoken of and passage through the Netherlands asked for; the French were not more favoured than the English, but had been refused permission to employ subjects of the Empire, much less patrimonial subjects, and were complaining greatly of the English obtaining munitions from the Netherlands; as for the French marching through his territory, he had demanded redress because M. de Kega (?) recently crossed the borders of Hainault, and if any other Frenchmen crossed the frontier on their way to revictual Ardres it must have been too suddenly either to prove or to prevent. The Ambassador at once said that this was sufficient cause to declare war, and the Emperor replied that he should do so if the French king approved the act, who, however, disavowed it and promised redress. This led the Emperor to mention the possibility of agreement between England and France, in continuation of what he recently said to the ambassador; who now replied that he was expecting answer to his special despatch into England. Said that Vander Delft was already instructed to endeavour to clear up difficulties, and he hoped soon to be able to act according to his obligations; he would make every effort to return to the Netherlands to effect an agreement between England and France, and would direct both Vander Delft and Chapuys to devise some expedient to settle the troubles about seizure of ships.
	Vander Delft shall therefore, as soon as possible, offer to come to some elucidation of the difficulties to be settled before the Emperor can resolve upon the assistance requested,—proceeding softly according to previous instructions. The essential points are:—1. Confirmation of the treaty of peace with France. 2. The King must be satisfied with the assistance laid down in the treaty and not press for anything contrary to the treaty with France. 3. The aid shall be in money, last year's claim made upon the French invasion of Guisnes being abandoned, and shall only be in the event of England itself being invaded. The Emperor's subjects must be secured from molestation should the war continue. Ships now detained must be released on either side. The King must undertake not to treat with France or any other power except in accordance with the treaty of alliance, i.e. with the Emperor's consent; and if any treaty has already been made by the King in contravention of this, it shall be null as regards anything to the Emperor's prejudice. The King's non-fulfilment of the treaty shall not be considered as condoned. The King must be shown the reasons, as stated above, which compelled the Emperor to make the treaty of peace, and that, unless he recognises it and refrains from asking the Emperor to contravene it, the Emperor might incur the enmity of both England and France.
	Encloses copy of what is written from Spain about the seizure of the ships, showing that the procedure has been mild. Vander Delft must endeavour to get the ships seized in England released, even against bail. Renegat should at once restore what he took from the ship of the Indies, lodge the gold in Vander Delft's hands, and submit the matter of the French ship to trial. Worms, 17 July 1545.
17 July.	1216. King Ferdinand to Cardinal Farnese.
R. O.	By the mouth of John Berislaus, has learnt for what causes he came to the Pope. Knows from Farnese's own letters that he thinks these causes not to be despised; and therein Ferdinand agrees, and would have been glad to seize the occasion now unexpectedly offered of thus co-operating with the Pope and even going further, were it not for his present difficulties and the perils which threaten his dominions from the common enemies (not in one place only), contrary to the truce. Counts on the Pope's help. "Quod si vero Sanctitas Sua rem illam quamlibet difficilem et ambiguam impensis suis, hoc nimirum tempore, tentandum esse judicaverit, idque ita ex re commodoque fore totius Christianitatis pro sua sapientia censuerit, per nos utique licebit, ut id aggrediatur Beatitude Sua, prout melius eividebitur. Nos tamen quo minus vel socios vel adjutores hac in re habere queat, tum alia multa obstant, tum hoc precipue quod miseris et periculosis his temporibus longe magis mitigandi quidem communis hostis quam irritandi ansam querere expediens esse ducamus." But we have not yet received those letters which our secretary Marsupinus wrote in the said affair on the Pope's behalf. We thank you, however, for your promise that his Holiness will regard everything that pertains to our dignity and his office. Wormes, 17 July 1545, reg. n. Rom. 15, aliorum 19. Signed. Countersigned: J. Jonas, vicecancellarius: Ad: Carolus.
	Lat., pp. 2. Add. Endd.
18 July.	1217. The Privy Council.
Dasent's A.P.C., 210.	Meeting at Portsmouth, 18 July. Present: Essex, Admiral, Winchester, St. John, Browne, Wingfield, Paget. Business:—Morgan Rede and Thos. Gilford, of Pole, had letters to the mayor of Lynne for the body of Wm. Peers, who had spoiled a Spaniard, and to the four victuallers of the ship wherein Peers sailed, for the money they had of the said Spaniard's goods, the said Rede and Gilford having satisfied the Spaniards by order of the Council. Ramos de la Reya, captain of a Spanish ship retained to serve the King and now dismissed, had passport to return to Spain with 30 Spaniards in the said ship. Letter to Ant. Husey to have a ship laden with woad, taken by Gregory Carye, in the West, brought to London, and the goods delivered there to Roger de Prat, upon surety in case the prize prove good. Letter to Grene and Elliott, of Plymouth, who took a Breton within the Isle of Jersey having the King's safeconduct, to restore the same.
18 July.	1218. Suffolk to Paget.
R. O.	Marvels that, lying here so long from the Court, he has heard nothing from Paget; and, having an inkling that Candishe, comptroller at Bulloyn, has not acted to the King's contentation, would hear what Paget knows therein. Rochestre, 18 July 1545. Signed.
	P.1. Add. Endd.
19 July.	1219. The Privy Council.
Dasent's A. P. C., 211	Meeting at Portsmouth, 19 July. Present: Chancellor, Winchester, Gage, Browne, Wingfield, Paget. Business: Four several letters written to the Dukes of Norfolk and Suffolk, Lord Privy Seal,———— (blank), signifying that 22 galleys were anchored on this side St. Ellen's Poynt, and over 100 sail in sight behind them. Letters written to the bp. of Westminster, Sir Wm. Petre and the other Commissioners for the Diet, for the said bp. to await at Calais his despatch to the Emperor's court, Petre to return, Mr. Kerne to "go to his place of ambassade with the Regent and declare to her the whole proceedings at the Diet, and Thos. Chamberlayne to join Mr. Vaughan in Flanders. Commission to Mr. Home and Mr. Grimstone to take for Portwaye bulwark 100 or 200 "of such men as should pass at Portsdowne."
19 July.	1220. Suffolk to Lord Cobham.
Harl. MS. 283, f. 151. B. M.	Thanks for letter from Calais of the 17th and also for quails received this morning. For answer to Cobham's request to know in what part of Kent he intends to remain, knows not but that he will demore in this town; but wheresoever he shall be he will let Cobham know, to whose bedfellow he is beholden for venison and good cheer.
	Lightmaker made no complaint to me, "but indeed he told me that the displeasure that was was for that another of his country would have taken away his men." As long as he behaves honestly I desire you to favour him, and if he do otherwise to use him no worse than another. Rochester, 19 July. Signed.
	P.S. by the Duchess.—"My lord, with my harte thankes for yo^r gentel remembrans, I leke wys mayk to you my harte commendesens.
	Yo^r pover frend
	Katherine Suffoulk."
	Pp.2. Add.: deputy of Calais.
19 July.	1221. Hertford, Tunstall and Sadler to Paget.
R. O. St. P., v. 472	Send letters addressed to Hertford from the Wardens and others on the Borders, showing the intelligence out of Scotland to be declared to the King. As, by lord Wharton's letters, Robert Maxwell seems to make difficulty about repairing to Carlisle for his father's relief, Hertford intends to send him a safeconduct to come and either remain as pledge for his father, or else, if his father be not permitted to depart, return home again. If Robert Maxwell will not enter upon such a safe-conduct, Hertford means to send lord Maxwell (notwithstanding his suit to go home upon his own bond, as in his letters herewith) back to the Tower at London. Mr. Hobbie finds the site of Carlisle so strong that it may with small charge be made tenable against thepower of Scotland: and the inhabitants are ready to spend their lives in its defence. By next post will send a plat of the town and the bulwarks needful, together with an estimate of the charges. Meanwhile, will set in hand what is most necessary. Before Hertford left Court 4,000 pikes with other munition and artillery were appointed to be sent hither, but only 2,000 pikes have come; so that, with the fortresses but meanly furnished, only 1,000 pikes remain for furniture of an army, if levied. Desire that 2,000 or 3,000 more may be sent with speed, and also the 5 last of serpentine powder for which Hertford wrote. When the fortresses are furnished with the powder which was sent hither, little remains for the field. Hear nothing yet of the money which Paget wrote was "a telling." For payment of the strangers they have laid out almost all the money they had and the English garrisons are yet unpaid for this month. If the money is not on the way, pray accelerate it. Dernton, 19 July 1545. Signed.
	Pp. 2. Add. Endd,
19 July.	1222. Hertford to Paget,
R. O.	Perceives by his letters that, upon his motion of the writer's suit for the New College of Leicestre, the King answered that he would not deface any of his great colleges, although he might percace hereafter alter their foundations, but would, nevertheless, see to the relief of the writer's necessity. Will therefore rest upon his old suit, which the King granted, for the college of Ottery; and as, because of stipends out of it, that will be small relief, will make suit to be released of the tenths thereof, about 26l. yearly, and of some part of the 3,000 mks. Which he promised for it. Desires Paget to set forth this suit. Dernton, 19 July 1545. Signed.
	P. 1. Add. Endd.
19 July.	1223. Vaughan to Paget.
R. O.	This day, sitting at dinner, received his letters dated Portesmouth the 15th inst., and perceived that he had not then received the letters written from Calles concerning the matter of Jasper Dowche, which Vaughan left with the Lord Deputy to be forwarded with great diligence. The end taken with Jasper Dowche was "not evil," but, since then, as he (Vaughan) and Musike presently write, the Emperor begins to look around, so that it will be hard to complete the bargain. Finds honest men among the High Dowche merchants, one of whom, Haler, offers to emprunt the King 200,000 cr. upon good surety and shows good affection to the King. Fears that the Emperor lies in wait that no prince shall be served with money here. "If he do not, so ye find means to give some good houses of Italians correspondents, I fear not to get the King's Majesty money enough." My alum men, (fn. n17) who were daily suitors to me, since the threatened arrest of our merchants here would never talk to me therein. Perceives that they dread some breach between the King and the Emperor, and will therefore take occasion to speak with them and "bring them out of all fear though there were war;" but guesses that they fear to offend the Emperor by bargaining with the King. Because bearer, his brother's servant, is in haste, writes no "largelier;" but, by Calles pursuivant, who brought Paget's letter, will write more today or tomorrow.
	Musica would fain serve the King in Almayn, where undoubtedly he would do great service. He needs money. Andwerp, 19 July 1545.
	Erred in dating his other letters herewith the 20th (fn. n18); it should be 19th.
	P.S.—"If I shall go higher, I shall go in danger, and your devices that way, as far as I can apperceive, be threatened not to go forwards, seeing the bishop of Tryre is commanded to stop the passages besides the Ryne, that none go that ways to serve the King's Majesty; but, charge me with what ye will, I will fear neither sword, fire nor water."
	Hol, pp. 3. Add. Endd.
19 July.	1224. City of Bremen to Henry VIII.
R. O.	Their citizen, John Reder, has shown them that Henry is assembling horse and foot in Germany, against the Scots, and has asked leave to go to England. Although he is captain of their horsemen they grant his request for Henry's sake; and commend him highly. Bremen, 19 July 1545. Subscribed: Coss. ac senatores civitatis Bremensis.
	Lat. Hol, p. 1. Add. Seal lost. Endd.
19 July.	1225. Wotton to Henry VIII.
R. O. St. P., x. 531	On the 17th inst. Granvele said that the Emperor, who was gone hunting, commanded him to answer the matters lately proponed by Wotton; the Emperor meant to continue the amity, and therefore, on the King's releasing the two ships, he would likewise release the ships arrested in Spain, if Renegar would restore what he took out of the ship from Ynde; and the Emperor would minister justice in the controversy between Renegar and the Spaniard who claimed the feathers. Granvele showed a remembrance taken out of letters from Spain describing Renegar's taking of the goods otherwise than was written to Wotton, and also complaining of other ships being robbed. Granvele would fain have Renegar punished, but the writer always answers that the King will punish such as appear to have offended. The Emperor's further answer is that the peace he made with France was made with the King's consent and of necessity, and he will observe it; and he has instructed his ambassador resident with the King to confer for the "esclarcissement" of the treaty and will observe that to which he is bound. Wotton replied that, as to the King's, consent, he had already declared how that matter stood; and as for the necessity, he had not yet heard how the Emperor might make a peace with the common enemy till both were satisfied. Granvelle said that to dispute therein would occupy time fruitlessly, since neither of them had commission to go about the "esclarcissement," and the Emperor had sent to his ambassador in England to have it done there, for he could not declare his mind further until these matters were esclarcid; which he thought should have been done long ago, as he had sent Chapuis back into England for no other cause; the things which Wotton took for clear and evident were fully answered when "my lords of Hereford and Wincester were here." "No," quoth Wotton "that they were not, nor never shall be." As for other matters, Granvele said that Wotton made the worst of things; the Emperor had promised to wink at the going of men to serve the King, but not at their going to serve France, and one who gathered men in Spain for the French king had lost his head for it; the French ambassador was complaining that the King was suffered to provide gunpowder and pikes in Andwerpe, that horsemen passed through the Low Countries to him, and that 6,000 footmen were ready to pass that way; he knew of no army of Frenchmen that had passed through the Emperor's country except that a French gentleman named Roignac passed with a few horsemen through a village of the Emperor's, and the Emperor now lays the matter to his charge; as to the munition for which Wotton required passport, the Emperor wrote to the Queen therein, and unless Wotton knew that she had since refused it he complained more grievously "than needed." Wotton answered that the French ambassador's complaint was vain, since, by the treaties, the King could have men and munition when he needed it, and as for the passport it was at first, at Andwerp, plainly refused; he knew not whether anyone had laboured to the Queen for it since, but he had sent word to those who had the conveying of the munition. Granvele thought that the refusal at Andwerp must have been by mistake, and he could not believe that the Queen had refused it.
	Granvele said that the Emperor would end this Diet as soon as possible; and that although the French must, for shame, attempt something, he believed that neither on this side nor on the side of Scotland would they make any notable invasion. Delivered a copy of the treaty to Mr. Bucler and Mr. Mont, and Mont carried the King's message to duke Philippe, at Heidelberch, who has sent a gentleman to say that he could not easily find any number of horsemen suddenly, but might shortly gather 3,000 footmen if provided with some money, and would repay the money if he failed to bring them. Perceived thereby "that he had not well marked Mr. Mont's tale," and had it declared to the gentleman again, who promised to report it to his master. Wormes. 19 July 1545. Signed,
19 July.	1226. Wotton to Wothesley.
R. O.	In the coldest of the winter these men were easily chafed, and now in this hot summer, upon greater occasion to be chafed, they show themselves cold. Cannot perceive the cause of this unless it be that, whereas then we had ado with young foxes, now we have ado with the dame. They make no haste to grant any aid, saying that the treaty must first be "esclarcid;" and by that time, if they stick to their second treaty with France, we shall have little need of their aid for this year. It is said that the Emperor urges the bishop of Rome not to open his Council at Trent till after the next Diet and Colloquium of the Protestants and Catholics; and the Cardinals will support him because if this old man were to die after the Council opened it would take the election of the new bishop out of their hands. (fn. n19). The French have chained divers Spaniards in their galleys; whereat Granvele expostulates with the French ambassador. Here is no speaking of the Duke of Orleans' marriage, which, by the treaty, should be within these two months. The Marquis of Guasto, so long looked for, arrived here on the 17th in a litter attended by a great train. Wormes, 19 July 1545. Signed.
	P. 1. Add. Endd.
19 July.	1227. Bugler and Mont to Henry VIII.
R. O.	On the 16th inst. wrote at large of occurents here and of their proceedings. The Emperor has since been a hunting and nothing of moment done. Matters of religion stand as they did then. The Marquis of Guasto arrived yesterday, leaving at Ulms the Duke's son of Savoy, who will be here shortly. The viceroy of Sicily is also expected. As the Diet breaks up shortly "we have laboured daily to the Protestants' ambassadors here for the expedition of the matter depending between your Majesty and their masters." They promise answer very shortly. The Emperor yesterday instructed his captain general of footmen, George von Rains-burgh, to stay the captains and men yet for a sevennight. The Emperor lately desired to borrow a great sum of the Fukiers, who refused it. Wormbs, 19 July. Signed.
	Pp. 1. Add. Endd.: 1545.
19 July.	1228. Bucler to Paget.
R. O.	On the 16th inst. I sent one of my servants with Mr. Mont's letters and mine to the King and you. We have now written to the King, only in "certification of our former letters." Please return my servant hither at next despatch. The Marquis of Guasto arrived here yesterday, leaving the duke of Savoy's son at Ulms, who will be here tomorrow or today. Wormbs, 19 July. Signed.
	P. 1. Add. Endd.: 1545.
19 July.	1229. Mont to Paget.
R. O.	Upon letters from Sturmius to the Protestants to endeavour to make peace between those two Kings, I think that they are partly deterred by the difficulty of the thing, when the one King is striving to recover what he has lost and the other trying to keep what in just war he has gained; and partly they fear that the Emperor would take it ill that they should interpose where he himself should be the peacemaker; and, besides, they would incur ridicule if they failed. Also our men are reluctant to meddle with French affairs, having examples of the French king's inconstancy, such as his late severity to the Waldenses for the bishop of Rome's sake, his seeking absolution from the said Bishop because he formerly had a treaty with the King of England, and his revealing to the Emperor all the secret dealings of Saxony and Hesse with him. They fear too that they would hardly obtain a cessation of hostilities where armies are set forth at such expense; "et hujus causse status levi aliqua occasione et victoria facile immutari possit. Turn suasion huic, ut hec provincia subeatur, maximus hinc labor imminet quod hec Protestantium confederatio ex multis et variis capitibus constat, quibus non expedite aliquid persuadetur, tum ut Anglie Rex Bullonie sequestrationem forte ferre possit quandoquidem hic in possessione permaneret, ita Gallum earn recusaturum." The Protestants therefore still hesitate, and the more so because the French king wishes his ambassadors to know nothing of it. Sends herewith abominable news spread here by the French.
	Thought that this post would depart before dinner, and wrote the state of the case as it then was. But, in subsequent consultation, the delegates of the Protestants determined to undertake this legation, for the sake of peace, if sure that both Kings wished it; and therefore they will tomorrow morning instruct John Sturmius to obtain from the French king written evidence (since he is not an ambassador) of the French king's wish to have the Protestants as arbitrators in the controversy between him and England. We beg therefore to be certified of the King's pleasure with all speed, as in former letters we signified. Worms, 19 July 1545.
	Lat. Hol., pp. 2. Add. Endd.
R. O.	2. French news of a great naval fight with the English who, by means of the French galleys, have been defeated and 40 of their ships captured. This is reported by a citizen of Antwerp who was sailing towards Calais and saw the fight.
	Lat. In Mont's hand, p. 1.
19 July.	1230. Italy.
Spanish	News from Rome, 19 July.
Calendar, VIII., No. 98.	* * *
	The King of England is treating with Luis de Gonzaga, lord of Castiglione, in order to get a place in Italy where troops can be raised, as the French have in Mirandula; but the Pope is prepared to prevent this. The Duke of Ferrara sends his eldest son to France. Guasto and the Prince of Piedmont have gone to the Emperor. Card. Armignac says that Orleans will go to the Emperor's court and, if the Emperor proceeds against the infidels, his King will contribute the 10,000 foot and 500 men at arms notwithstanding the English war. Madame d'Etampes has again sent her secretary to England to treat for peace. * * *
	*** A modern transcript is in B.M., Add. MS. 28,594 f. 137. Sp. pp.4.
20 July.	1231. The Privy Council.
Dasent's A.P.C.,212.	Meeting at Portsmouth, 20 July. Present: Chancellor, Essex, Winchester, St. John, Browne, Wingfield, Paget. Business:—Letters written to the mayor of Bristowe that the Adventurers might pass to the seas, upon bond not to molest the Emperor's subjects or other friends. Warrant to Tuke to deliver Francisco the Courier for his voyage from Mr. Wotton 20l. and for two "voyages" from Portsmouth to London 40s. Letter to my lord of Arondell that the King countermanded all who assembled to come to Portsmouth except the counties of Kent, Hampshire and Wiltshire. Three several letters, to Pole, Plymouth and——(blank), for the Adventurers to put themselves in good order and repair hither.
20 July.	1232. T. Chamberlain to Paget.
R. O.	This morning, returning from a fair 10 leagues off, whither I went yesterday to buy another mare, I found letters of Mr. Vaughan telling me of a new charge committed to me ("as ye have avised him ") and willing me to repair towards Andwarpe, as I intend to do tomorrow. At the fair I espied another fair mare, "and left one to buy and bring away, because I would not be suspected." I thought to put both in a wagon and cause them to carry me to Callais; and then to return to Andwarpe. Now I will leave them at some farmer's to grass until I have your advice whether to sue to the President to renew your passport; for I dare not venture them without a passport unless I go myself. If you will not now have me make suit to the President I will send them to Madame de Sartes castle, where their grass and keeping will cost you nothing, and so "watch a time to send them you." If I should write the beauty of them it would make you long to see them. Bruges, 20 July 1545.
	For my other suits please let my friend Mr. Pate resort to you.
	Hol., pp.3. Add. Endd.
20 July.	1233. Vaughan to Wriothesley. (fn. n20)
R. O.	Since he wrote yesterday news are brought out of Almayn that the Emperor levies men against the Landisgrave van Hesse, for entering into possession of certain lands of the House of Nassaw. The real reason, however, is said to be that the Landisgrave caused a Diet to be kept at Frankforde, "where secretly many things are agreed upon between a secret embassade of the King's Majesty and certain estates of the country," contrary to the Emperor's purposes there. The Emperor has written to the bishop of Tryre to stop the passage of certain lansknechts of the Lansgrave lying about Covelyns (Coblenz), who "will not be a known who is their captain." Learnt yesterday, by two or three honest men, that the Lady Regent has sent to arrest all captains and soldiers between this and Calles going to serve the King. Thinks that while the King has to do with France and Scotland he should not break with the Emperor, who undoubtedly will ill bear any matter to be secretly wrought among his own subjects.If the time should come for the princes of Almayn to act, it will be found that their poverty makes them unable to do anything. Refers this weighty matter to the King and Council. If the Emperor levies men against the Landisgrave it will hinder the matter which Wriothesley last wrote of, and stay the purposes before committed to Vaughan's charge. Has caused Musik to enquire the truth and write it to Sir Wm. Paget, secretary. Here lurks in the monastery of St. Mighell cardinal of Spain of the house of the Duke of Alberkyrke, who has lain there a month without coming abroad. Suspects that "he secretly worketh somewhat," as many men of knowledge resort to him. Will shortly learn the truth. Has heard "that he lieth there as an inquisitor for matters of religion." Has no leisure to write to the Council, bearer being in haste to depart in company with others. Andwerp, 20 July 1545. Musike has often written to Mr. Paget asking whether to go into Almayn. Thinks that he would do great service there.
	The Emperor lately called the Fowker to him in Almayn and devised how to have 1,800,000 cr. to be laid equally in Almayn, Italy and these Low Countries. Seeing the King and French king seeking money here he will "have it from both."
	Encloses an open letter to Mr. Paget, which Wriothesley will please read and send to Paget.
	Hol., pp. 3. Add. Endd.
20 July.	1234. Vaughan to Paget. (fn. n21)
R. O.	Musike presently writes at large how things go here and in Almayn. Reminds Paget that Musike has often written for instructions whether to go into Almayn; and, in the writer's judgment, no man in all these countries is more meet to serve there. As things there "grow to some great ruffle" he should be sent speedily. Has little hope of doing anything of his own charge here. The Emperor practises to get money, and has lately sent for the Fowker in Almayn and devised secretly how to lay 600,000 ducats here and as many in Almayn and in Italy. "By this he meaneth somewhat." Andwerp, 20 July.
	Hol.,p. 1. Add. Endd.: 1545.