Henry VIII: July 1544, 6-10 | British History Online

Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic, Henry VIII, Volume 19 Part 1, January-July 1544. Originally published by His Majesty's Stationery Office, London, 1903.

Citation:

'Henry VIII: July 1544, 6-10', in Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic, Henry VIII, Volume 19 Part 1, January-July 1544, ed. James Gairdner, R H Brodie( London, 1903), British History Online https://prod.british-history.ac.uk/letters-papers-hen8/vol19/no1/pp531-552 [accessed 16 November 2024].

July 1544, 6-10



6 July.	853. Recantation of John Heywood.
Foxe, v. 528.	Willingly declares the great clemency of the King, whose supremacy had often been opened to him both byword and writing, though he obstinately suffered himself to fall into such blindness as not only to think the bishop of Rome supreme head of the universal Church, but, like an untrue subject, to conceal and favor such as held the same opinion. Revokes these erroneous and traitorous opinions and acknowledges that the usurped power of the bishop of Rome has been justly taken away.
	Memorandum that this recantation was made and published by Heywood at Paul's Cross at the time of the sermon on Sunday, 6 July 1544.
6 July.	854. Chapuys to the Queen of Hungary.
R. O. [Spanish Calendar, vii. 141.]	Occurrents will be seen in his letter to the Emperor. Did not forget to give thanks for the sending of Octavian Bos and to tell the King what she intended to do with him. Also did not fail to represent and enlarge upon all her "poinctz et articles;" and the King, after some debate, was finally not only satisfied but sorry for her perplexity and trouble with the men of war and the provisions for his camp.
	Fr. Modern transcript of the original at Vienna, pp. 2. Headed: 1544, Juillet 6. (fn. n1)
6 July.	855. Shrewsbury and Others to Henry VIII.
Add. MS. 32,655, f. 87 B. M. Hamilton Papers, ii., No. 277	Forward with speed letters received from Wharton with others from Glencarne. As it appears by Glencarne's letters to Wharton that a bruit that Lenoux "should be holden as prisoner in England" has moved his friends and servants, in despair, to leave the house at Donbrytayn so that it seems in danger of being left to Henry's enemies, the writers (although knowing Lenoux's entertainment at Court only by common report) have written to Glencarne, to comfort him and the others, as in the copy herewith. Nevertheless it is to be feared that unless they hear from Lenoux himself shortly they will fall into further desperation. Darneton, 6 July 1544. Signed by Shrewsbury, Tunstall and Sadler.
	P. 1. Add. Endd.
6 July.	856. Mary of Hungary to Fane and Wyndebank.
R. O.	Encloses copy of a letter just received from the lieutenant of her archers, whom she sent to the horsemen of Frederic Spedt. Since they will serve without regard to Landenberger or his footmen, they should without further loss of time be paid for the month (and not given money on account). Landenberger is not yet come to Liege to make his reckoning "qui faict tresmauvaise presumption contre luy." Bruxelles, 6 July 1544. Signed: Marie. Countersigned: Despleghem.
	French, p. 1. Add.: A noz treschiers et bien amez, Rudolf Fane et Richard Windelbanc, commissaires du Roy d'Engleterre, en Anvers. Citissime. Sealed.
6 July.	857. Cornille Scepperus to Fane and Wyndebank.
R. O.	The Sieur d'Altensteing, commissary of the Emperor, and I, have done our utmost to induce the captains of the footmen to let them be paid like the Emperor's men; but they say absolutely that they must be paid what was promised and passed at the muster (where you were the comissaries) and also a half month for their return according to their contract (selon quilz ont jure a larticle brief). As the country will not otherwise be quit of them, where they do inestimable harm, and they may go into France, and as it has always been customary to pay men of war their return and also what is passed to them at the musters, please to provide therein immediately, as your servants will write more amply. Liege, 6 July 1544.
	French. Hol., p. 1. Add.: A messieurs les commis de la Majeste du Roy d'Angleterre, les seigneurs Raff Fane et Richard Wintibanc, presentement estans en Anvers, et a chacun deulx. Endd.
6 July.	858. Lucas Fringer and Wm. Hudsun to Fane and Wyndebank.
R. O.	Liege, 6 July 1544:—This day we received your letters; and the Landenburgh and all his captains came to this town, to the commissaries (fn. n2) of the Emperor and Lady Regent, and, with great circumstance," complains off horder off warre" and told how he had been ill handled in Germany by the money paid him by the commissary, being gold. The commissaries of the Emperor and Regent could not deny but that they must be paid as they were mustered. I said it was no muster, but "a viewing of the sum"; but they said nay, for Landenburg told you to take no musters that day "and protested not to force you to it, but you desiring him to sit down by you and to help you in your mustering, and you would do all that might be done." There is no remedy but to pay what is promised. Since I was with them on the 4th inst., the horsemen are changed and now say that they will not depart until all be paid; and Landenburg is sore grieved with Frederic Spede, and told me, before all his captains, that "if he had met me going to the horsemen he would have sent me home with a bloody head; and I answered him again if it were to do I would do it again, after the sort I did it." If the footmen are not paid it will cost many lives, for horsemen and footmen lie within a mile compass, and they are "no men to be lightly beaten." Let this be looked upon wisely, for it is no small matter. I shall lack a great deal of money, for they ask "half month pays," saying that they are sworn to it by the article book. "The captains" say you have promised each of them a present for helping of the footmen to lose 6 days, so they look for a reward. They say further if you had tarried with them, though you had no money, they would have gone with you where you had desired." I cannot send you the clear reckoning until tomorrow. "Here ayt (hath) ben 2 hor tri alarmes betwene the contri and them, and ave slaynyed somme off the contre and somme off them; so that the be lik enmys and kepe wache be daye and be nyght." Landenburg will go to the King and Council to complain "ow hy hayt ben andlyth," and clear himself. The Emperor takes these men in wages as they be passed in your muster book, but they would gladlier serve the King. I think the Emperor takes them for fear they should go into France, for many send to have them, "and the Emperor's commissary said that he never [saw] such a company together, nor the Emperor hath none like, nor so many armed in so small a number." I would I had here Landenburg's bond "of 400 men 500 pays for proving of his honesty and discharging of you." We do nothing but by Schaperius' counsel. "The saye the wyll ave imprintyd this giorni to choe to all the worlde ow the have bene orderyt ber the King' Ma^te and ys comissaris that all Garmani shall spek off yt." Pray recommend me to my wife. Signed.
	In Fringer's hand, pp. 3. Add.: Au sygneurs comissayres dela Ma^te du Roy d'Engletayre, en (?) Anvers.
6 July.	859. Vaughan, Dymmock and Lock to the Council.
R. O.	Since Blewmantell left, the Welsars (from whom they have received all money hitherto) find fault with Bonvyce's proxy and will have it drawn according to a form which they are now writing. They have reason to reject Bonvyce's proxy, who in the end "wipeth all away with these words nisi fuerit revocatum." As bearer, Mr. Fane, could not tarry the making of the said form it shall be sent by the next. After much trouble with their broker and the merchants, have received, in all kinds of moneys, about 19,000l. Fl., and paid Mr. Hall 3,000l. Fl. and Mr. Fane (for Landenbergh's horsemen) 4,000 cr. which is 1,266l. 13s. 4d. Fl, and will send the rest to "your honours" after taking out sufficient for Mr. Chamberleyn and Mr. Wynybanke, for the carriages and lymoners which "your honours now writeth for by my lordes of Suffolk's graces instructions which yester-night were brought unto us." The merchants promise 10,000 cr. more tomorrow. "Contrary unto the charge which was given me, Stephen Vaughan, by your honours in England, and contrary also to your letters daily addressed hither," your honours, by this last messenger, discharging me of this matter of the merchants, charge me to repair to the Lady Regent to provide lymoners, carriages and victuals, repair to the places where they be and send them towards the King's army—things in which I have no skill. Mr. Hall, who might have instructed us, is departed; and Mr. Chamberleyn, Mr. Wynybank and I know nothing; besides, you write for an estimate of what money Mr. Dymmock, Lock and I have received, and that we should pay the prest of the lymoners and carriages and send you the the rest. Points out that two of them at least would have to go to the Council with the money, that there is a little jar with the merchants about the amount of it, that there is much more to receive, that if the receiver leaves the money in his host's house while he goes about other business it may be lacking when required, that if all depart the merchants will think no more money is needed, and that, as Vaughan has personally received the money, he must deliver it "by tale" to his companions, which will occupy two or three days. Vaughan has therefore determined to remain here while Chamberleyn and Wynybank, and one or two more who have been already occupied about lymoners and carriages, repair to the Lady Regent. Andwerp, 6 July. Signed: S. Vaughan: J. Dymmocke, T. Lock.
	P.S.—The Welsars have sent their device for Bonvyce's proxy, which should be sent hither with diligence, and meanwhile have promised to pay Vaughan the rest of 100,000 cr. with the interest, which will not be paid if Vaughan departs hence. A merchant of Andwerp would buy 200 fothers of lead, taking it in Newcastle or Hull and paying ready money at 11 nobles st. for a fother. Could sell much if he knew how to sell it.
	At closing this Vaughan has delivered Chamberleyn and Wynybanke 2,016l. 6s. 8d. Fl.
	In Vaughan's hand, pp. 5. Add. Endd.: 1544.
6 July.	860. Chamberlain to the Council.
R. O.	Certified, by Francis the post, how the Regent wrote to him to come to Bruxelles, to tell her of Lightmaker's horsemen at Utrecht. She said that the states of Utrecht had written of certain horsemen there arrived, saying they were levied for the King, who "did eat upon the poor man and spoiled the country"; and she marvelled that she was not informed thereof, that she might have taken order for their passage. President Schore, without giving Chamberlain leave to answer, added, hotly, "We are wondrous evil used with the King's Majesty's affairs for lack of good order given in the same, and the Emperor's subjects are eaten and spoiled of each side"; and so recited the annoyance caused by Landenbergh's company. As the Regent seemed to allow Schore's words, and Mr. Fane who was present wished Chamberlain to speak for him, showed that Landenbergh, a captain recommended by the Emperor, would neither keep his own pact with the King nor would serve when the King's commissaries bare with him so far as to offer like entertainment as the Emperor gave, who to avoid mutinies had required the King by no means to exceed it and had sent a copy of his entertainment. The President still repeated "We have the worst"; but the Queen began to mitigate the matter and said to Fane as he will report, and, to Chamberlain, marvelled that the King did not inform her of his levies that she might take order for their passage—she only knew of the horsemen of De Bueren and Landenbergh. Replied, after long rehearsal of Landenbergh's fault, which Fane can relate, that one captain Lightmaker had offered to serve with certain horsemen, to muster at Utrecht more than a month past, who said he could bring them no sooner because stopped at divers places (and lastly by the Count de Bentham 14 leagues from Utrecht) but had 80 odd at Utrecht, where they had been stopped these ten days; and "if they did eat upon the poor man it was their fault that stopped them." She answered that they were stopped because it was not known to whom they belonged: when the Emperor levied soldiers he always sent a commissary to see that they made no spoil. Told her that no man could better rule them than their own captain, who had received large sums for them that they might pay for what they took; but she still desired a commissary sent, even for so few; otherwise (quoth Schore) the country people would "beat and kill them." Has sent one with her commissary to accompany them to the frontier, being the more induced to follow her pleasure because Landenbergh's horsemen still refuse to serve without the footmen. Asked the Regent to write to the count de Bentham to allow the 250 horsemen stayed by him to pass; but Schore answered that he was not her subject and would little regard her letter. Afterwards, however, she offered to write if Chamberlain would carry the letter. Answered that it was now too late for them to come in time to serve; and she said that, considering the distance, she thought the same. The above was all for which she kept him three days.
	Remembering the Council's last advice to entertain all Lightmaker's and De Bueren's last band, for Landenbergh's, both horsemen and footmen, were dismissed (at receipt of which Mr. Fane said that only the footmen were dismissed), could not tell how Mr. Palmer and Mr. Vaughan would understand the Council's letter in that behalf, and has now written them how Landenbergh's things go, that they "may go through with Mons. de Bueren for his last number, except your Lordship's latter advice to them to the contrary." Andwarp, 6 July 1544.
	Hol., pp. 7. Add. Endd.
6 July.	861. Charles V. to Juan Vasquez de Molina.
Add. MS. 28,593, f. 325. B. M. [Spanish Calendar, vii., 146.]	His camp, after recovering Luxemburg, took a castle suitable for securing the victuals, and also Leni, which was a very strong place in which were 1,500 soldiers, 500 of them Italians, and 26 bronze pieces besides others of iron, in all 66, and much powder and munitions. The camp is now at San Disi, a town of quality, which he hopes shortly to take. The King of England has sent across his vanguard and rearguard, which are already in France, and will be himself in Calais with the battle, so that, as the King of France has no army collected, the Emperor hopes to effect much, as the country by which he enters is free from difficulties. If he should fail, through inability to maintain his camp at least until the middle of September, all that has been spent would be put in jeopardy, and also his reputation (which would be what he would feel most) and his states. All depends upon this army reducing the king of France to a good and firm peace, and therefore it is most important to provide as much money as can be had.
	* * * * * * *
	Mez, 6 July 1544.
	Spanish, pp. 2. Modem copy from Simancas headed: Copia de fragmento de carta original del Emperador al Secretario Juan Vazquez de Molina, fecha en Mez a 6 de Julio, 1544.
6 July.	862. Edmond Harvel to Henry VIII.
R. O. St. P., ix. 731.	Wrote on 8 June of the rout of Stroci's camp, "who saved himself with few horses in Piemont." The Imperials kept the captains prisoners and released the soldiers. Few of the whole 10,000 were slain. Stroci is now in Plaisance. The French king has required 6,000 men of the Bishop for Scotland; and the Bishop has granted to give money instead. The said Bishop with the cardinal of Ferrara, has sent a Florentine named Cavalcanti to renew the practices with this Signory, to enter in league with the French king and the Bishop; but nothing can induce them "to follow the Bishop's rage, and the things of France desperate." Carignan has yielded to the Frenchmen. The Marquis of Guasto is at Aste with 16,000 footmen. Piero Loigi, the Bishop's son, captain in Plaisance, has sent Guasto 32,000 cr., apparently more for fear than amity. The duke of Camarin lately departed in post to the Emperor to exercise arms. Barbarossa has done great damage to the Senes and departed towards Constantinople, although it is noised that he will go to Tounis. The Swiches have "recusid to serve the French king, except he pay them for iiij old pagis due tofore and for as many more new pagis beforehand"; so that he is like to lose that nation. The Frenchmen will leave a presidye in Piemont and withdraw their army to defend their own country. The opinion is that a great part of France shall be subdued this summer by Henry and the Emperor, and all the world resounds of Henry's power and the late expedition in Scotland. Letters from Constantinople report that the Turk will next spring make an expedition against Vienna with his whole power. His provisions include 2,000 "buffles" for drawing artillery. The Venetian ambassadors are little regarded in the Turk's court. Venice, 6 July 1544.
	Hol., pp. 2. Add. Endd.
7 July.	863. The Privy Council to [Norfolk and Russell].
Harl. MS. 6,980, f. 127. B. M.	By your letters to us and to the duke of Suffolk and Master of the House the King perceives how the Burgundians "have dallied with you, bringing you from place to place for their purpose, whereby you have spent much time" which otherwise would not have been spent in vain. Now that you are before Monterell his Majesty expects that you will do what you can to win it. That you may not want money (that you write for) the King now sends Mr. Riche, high treasurer of the war, with a mass of treasure, who shall send you 30,000l. Pray take order for horsemen to conduct it, by my lord of Suffolk's advice; to whom also we have written to send a convenient number. Where in your said letter to my lord of Suffolk and the Master of the Horse you ask the King's own determination, we are to signify (to be kept secret to "you Lordships" and Mr. Treasurer) that his Majesty means to lay siege to Boloyn, and, "although you be vij or viij days before him at Monterel, yet, if you make not the better speed, to be as far forward at Boloyn as you shall be at Monterel," trusting to speed well in both enterprises. Upon advertisement from my lord of Suffolk of the readiness of things at Cales, his Majesty sets forward on Friday (fn. n3) (altered from Thursday) next. Westm., 7 July 1514. Signed by Canterbury, Wriothesley, Hertford, Essex, Westminster, Wyngfeld, Paget and Petre.
	In Paget's hand, pp. 2. Address lost. Endd.: A regio Concilio in Anglia.
7 July.	864. The Regency.
R. O. St. P., i. 763.	A paper of resolutions taken at the King's departure, headed:— "Apud Westm., vij⁰ Julii, a⁰ r.r. H. viij^vi xxxvj⁰," viz.:—
	1. "First, touching the Queen's Highness and my lord Prince."
	The King has resolved that the Queen shall be regent in his absence and that his process shall pass and bear teste in her name, as in like cases heretofore; and that a commission for this be delivered to her before his departure. She shall use the advice and counsel of the abp. of Cantorburye, lord Chancellor Wriothesley, the earl of Hertford, the bp. of Westminster, and Sir Wm. Petre, secretary. Item, my lord Prince shall [tomorrow or (fn. n4) on Wednesday next remove to Hampton Court, and the lord Chancellor and Hertford shall repair thither on Thursday and discharge all the ladies and gentlewomen out of the house, and "admit and swear Sir Richard Page chamberlain to my lord Prince, Mr. Sydney to be advanced to the office of steward, Jasper Horsey to be chief gentleman of his privy chamber and Mr. Cox to be his almoner, and he that is now almoner to be dean, and Mr. Cheke as a supplement to Mr. Cox, (fn. n5) both for the better instruction of the Prince and the diligent teaching of such children as be appointed to attend upon him."
	2. "Item, for the number of his Majesty's Council and their order." His Majesty has appointed to be of his Privy Council in his absence the abp. of Canterburye, lord Chancellor Wriothesley, the earl of Hertford, the bp. of Westminster, and Sir Wm. Petre, secretary, and either the Chancellor or Hertford, or both, shall ever be resident at Court, and if neither of them can be there the abp. of Canterbury and Petre to remain with the Queen, but when convenient all five shall attend her. The lord Parre of Horton shall be used in Council with them for matters concerning the realm.
	3. "Item, for a lieutenant in cace, and who shalbe of counsail with him."
	Hertford shall be "lieutenant in cace," taking his commission from the Queen Regent and using the advice of the aforesaid Council.
	4. "Item, for musters, and th'appointment of certain in every shire to have the principal cure of the same, and for commissioners for the bulwarks."
	The Council shall order these matters.
	5. "Item, for ordnance and munition, both to serve in time of need and for the furniture of the Tower, the state whereof would be declared and for a master of th'ordnance."
	The Council shall order these things, "being ordnance, etc., sufficient left for all purposes, and Mr. Walsingham, in cace, to be commissioner with the lieutenant in the Tower."
	6. "Item who shalbe in commission for passing of all warrants for payment of money?
	"The Stamp to remain and things to be passed by that warrant. 7. "Item to know the King's Majesty's pleasure for horsemen to be entertained here at home and for 'egarring' of certain footmen.
	"It is not thought necessary.
	8. "Item, for his Majesty's licence to such his officers and fee'd men as be not appointed to wait in this journey."
	A commission to be made to the Chancellor, Hertford, Westminster and Petre to license them "agreeing reasonably for it."
	9. "Md. for the denizens, the Mint, Yarmouth, the Ports, the lord Chancellor's warrants for the commissions to my lord of Norff., my lord Privy Seal, etc.
	"His Majesty is pleased to sign all these bills with all the commissions and things necessary when they shalbe prepared."
	Added in Paget's hand: "A commission to the Queen and ——— (blank) of the Privy Council to make warrants for money."
	Pp. 5. Endd.: Thinges ordred at home.
	865. Henry VIII.
Harl. MS. 283, f. 265. B. M.	Lists of persons to attend the King and Queen. Modern copy, quite wrongly headed as "orders taken at the time when K. Henry the 8 went to Bullene."See Vol. XI., App. 9.
7 July.	866. Chapuys to Charles V.
R. O. [Spanish Calendar, vii. 147.]	Received yesterday the Emperor's letters of the 28th ult., together with the writing (fn. n6) presented by this King's ambassador upon Mons. de Courrieres' charge; and, this after-dinner, has been with the King. After convenient courtesy for his care for the Emperor's person and affairs, spoke to the King of the departure of his army, not according to the said writing but to what was said to Secretary Paget, telling him that the Emperor's opinion was that, if the whole army was not ready, he ought in all diligence to cause the 30,000 men spoken of by Paget to march; and that no doubt, he would use the rest to the annoyance of the enemy, in accordance always with what had been capitulated; and that Paget had reported that the 30,000 would be on the march by the 10th ult. The King answered nothing touching the restriction aforesaid, but only touching the day, viz., that his men had been in France within the time capitulated and the Emperor's were not there yet (for Chapuys could not persuade him to comprise Comercy or Lygny within the realm of France), and, if his men had passed further or did not hasten to do so, he was not to be blamed, but rather those of the Low Countries, who did not serve them with victuals or necessaries, like wagons, &c.; and there was little hope of their being succoured from thence if they marched forward, seeing that, at the door, they were left to die of hunger and thirst, his camp having been three or four days without other drink than water, which was a thing to make all his men despair. He would tell Chapuys in confidence that he had decided, in order to open the way for victuals, "et pour la doubte que dessus," to essay the taking of Monstreul, and he was hourly expecting the advice of the chiefs of his army therein, and likewise notice from the duke of Suffolk that all was ready, whereupon he would pass at once to Calais, and thence to the camp. Chapuys said that if the said enterprise could be suddenly executed it would be well, and if not it would be a loss of reputation and not in conformity with the capitulation not to stop on the way unless by force and the exigence of warfare (l'exigence de la raison de la guerre); and, as to the victuals, he ought to blame his own ministers, who were admonished to send commissioners to provide victuals in good time, and also to send other commissioners to accompany her deputies to make the peasants send victuals to the camp daily. The want of these commissioners had partly caused their necessity; besides, the wars had much diminished the victuals, as long ago his ministers were advertised, and, moreover, Chapuys heard that the men of his camp would not pay for the victuals nearly as much as the King sold his for at Calais, and, what was worse, wanted the new money taken for them at a higher rate than the old (which is better than the new by nearly two liardz in the gros d'icy); the number of wagons which he demanded had been accorded to his commissioners, who, like inexperienced men, thought between the two of them to conduct a very great number of wagons and horses; the Emperor's ministers were not to blame if the peasants withdrew. The King answered that there was no appearance [that they] would not be willing to serve for pay were it not that there was some tacit prohibition; but he was much astonished when Chapuys read him, out of the Queen Regent's letter of the 3rd, that the countries there would give a marvellous aid to be exempt from serving him with wagons and horses, and that Flanders alone offered 100,000 cr. Touching the Paris journey, declared to the King, as graciously as possible, the contents of the Emperor's letters, to which he answered nothing; and did not forget to touch upon the mistake of not practising with the Swiss so as to defeat French hopes there. But the King persisted, as formerly, that, even if the 12,000 Swiss were to come as reported, he would not mind, believing that that might hasten the ruin of the king of France, giving him confidence to hazard battle, which is all that the Emperor and he ought to desire. On Chapuys's suggesting that if the Swiss came it might lead to the inconvenience alleged in the writing of his ambassador, viz. the laying of a great army to hinder the passages and victuals, whereas, if neither Swiss nor other strangers came, it seemed that perplexity would constrain the king of France to come to a sure and lasting peace advantageous to the Emperor and him, which was, in Chapuys's opinion, the object of both Sovereigns. The King paused, and then answered that all practises to that end would be well employed, and nothing was so true as that the king of France was extremely perplexed, at his wit's end, and must be astounded by the Emperor's late victory in Lombardy, a triumph which came at the best possible time.
	With regard to Landemberg's men the King answered conformably to what Chapuys last wrote, adding that he wished to show that his commissioners had in two or three places compensated the damage done. Represented to him that Landemberg and his men said that he had agreed to pay as the Emperor paid last year, and, if he was unwilling to give so much (in order not to make the Emperor's men mutiny), he could give a gracious and honourable dismissal by paying for one month and fifteen days' return; and that, as the Queen had written, the whole fault proceeded from the inexperience of the Commissioners, who did not know High Almains and never made a formal pay but only delivered money on account to the captains. The King answered that he had, as above, paid part of the damages, and moreover was not to deliver money except to the captains; and, as to the Emperor's offer to chastise Landemberg if he did not serve duly, there would have been no need to trouble the Emperor, for he would himself chastise him if, when once at the camp, he should wish to misbehave. Which is different language from that he used before, viz. that God had given him grace to recognise Landenberg's ill will in time, who at the camp might have committed irreparable follies. He feels much aggrieved at the Queen's refusal of passport for 200 mares, which he bought without advertising her; and (not yet knowing that the Queen has, upon Chapuys's letters, accorded the said passport) complained that the Emperor's ministers always affirmed that nothing would be refused him for money, and for his money he could not be served; and it seemed that he was [not?] desired to go forward but rather to guard the frontiers of the Low Countries. This constrained Chapuys to tell him that the contrary was evident by the Emperor's capitulation with him, and instant solicitations to go forward, and, although he might say that without his aid the frontiers there might have been lost, he might remember that, about two years ago, when the country was quite unprepared, owing to the dissimulation of the king of France, it defended itself very well against the three armies of the duke of Orleans, of Vendosme and of Martin van Rossem, and now when the king of France was occupied elsewhere there was no great fear for the said frontiers. He could not reply. On telling him that the Queen sent notice that certain, horsemen from Seelande, coming (as they said) for his service, were illtreating the poor people about Utrecht, and that she was astonished that his commissioners had not informed her, he answered that, long ago, he gave charge to bring 400 or 500 horsemen from thence, provided that they came at the time prefixed, which they did not, and in their place he caused Mons. de Buren to levy as many, so that he does not intend to use them—they ought to be chastised for their insolence. The King could not name him to whom he gave the charge, who is called Lytmach, a merchant of the Stillars here, who, since his bankruptcy, has meddled in war.
	The King showed more pleasure at the taking of .the counts of Ligny and Rossy than of the place, of which he makes little. He took in very good part that the cardinal of Lorrayne's coming to the Emperor was refused; and the Emperor's intimation to him by his ambassador and by Chapuys.
	While writing this, had word from the King that, immediately after Chapuys left, letters from the chief of his army had signified the arrival of Lytemach with excuses, upon which he had resolved, that, as the horsemen were so far into the country, he would use them, notwithstanding what he told Chapuys; and prayed Chapuys to inform the Queen of this, and that he was sorry not to have heard of the coining of the said horsemen in time to send commissioners and provide against their oppressing the people; and he thought that, now, when they had received money, they would not so misbehave. London, 7 July 1544.
	Fr. Modern transcript of the original (in cipher) at Vienna, pp. 7.
7 July.	867. Venetian News from England.
Venetian Calendar, v., No. 312.	A news letter from England [dated 7 July?], forwarded by the Signory of Venice to the Pope on 26 July, 1544, telling how the lord Privy Seal and Duke of Norfolk are already over sea with their men and the duke of Suffolk following with the remainder, while the King would leave Greenwich on the 10th or 12th July and be at Dover at the end of the month, and describing the King's army and its intention to march on Paris. Off Falmouth, four French ships have captured a rich prize of 11 Spanish, Flemish and Portuguese ships. Three other French ships have captured two English merchant ships and also, it is feared, two men-of-war. The King has 80,000 ducats of the city of London upon security of land, but failed to obtain from Italian merchants bills of credit on Antwerp for 200,000 cr.
7 July.	868. Suffolk, Gage and Browne to Henry VIII.
R. O.	Have presently received letters from my lord of Norfolk, my lord Privy Seal and Mr. Treasurer, and (being very sorry to see them in that need) have concluded to send 400 or 500 tun of beer, to be conveyed by Flemings, under conduct of the writers' soldiers, to St. Omer's, and thence to their camp under conduct of theirs. For this, Gage departs tomorrow early, to Calais. Will also send them such money as can here be spared, and will rather strain folks here than see them lack, "considering their journey importeth a great matter, and their return without anything doing should not sound all to your Majesty's honor." Enclose their letters. At the camp beside Whitsandebaye, 7 July. Signed.
	P. 1. Add.: Endd.: 1544.
7 July.	869. Mary of Hungary to Norfolk.
R. O.	In answer to his letters of the 2nd inst., as to stooters of England which he wishes current at three pattars of Brabant, the stooters newly coined have been assayed and are found to be worth only two patters Brabant or four groz of Flanders, so that she cannot make them pass at five groz or three pattars. As to the want of victuals in his camp; upon his former letters, she despatched the commissioners who have charge of this towards him, but now the duke of Suffolk has sent a billet upon this matter of victuals and she writes to the commissioners to go straight to Calais. Bruxelles, 7 July. Signed: v're cousine Marie. Countersigned: Despleghem.
	French, p. 1. Add.: A mon cousin le due de Noortfocq. Endd.: 1544.
8 July.	870. Sir Anthony Knyvet to the Council.
R. O.	Has received their letter dated the last of June, and perceives the King is informed that the fortress now making at Portsmouth is fencible, "the which is not". The forepart of the barbican towards the sea is come to the vaudmure and some of the "ventes" are up, but the North part is not so far forward; however it will shortly be fencible. The square tower is at the second floor. As for furnishing Mr. Chaderton with ordnance; of the proportion for which the writer sued to their Lordships only 2 brass sakers are come, and, unless he were to disgarnish the town, he cannot furnish the fortress, which would need 12 great pieces and 24 "bassys and hagbuttes a crok." Only half a last of powder is come, but good store of bows, arrows, bills and pikes. Begs them to consider the work is chargeable, and is best defence for the "Isley" of Portsmouth and the town. Begs them to move the King for the ordnance. It is necessary; for on Saturday and Sunday last they saw 3 score sail of ships lying off and on the coast, but could not see what they were, so Knyvet sent word along the coast for good watch to be kept. Portsmouth, 8 July. Signed.
	P. 1. Add. Endd. 8 July 1544.
8 July.	871. Shrewsbury and Others to the Council.
Add. MS. 32,655, f. 89. B. M. Hamilton Papers, ii., No. 278.	Enclose letters from the wardens of the East and Middle Marches, showing their exploits in Scotland, a letter from Wharton and another to him from Robert Maxwell, whereby, his father being the King's prisoner, he would have all the West Marches of Scotland assured, as his friends, servants and tenants.
	Yesterday arrived the Council's letters with those of the King to the Dowager of Scotland, which were forthwith despatched by Rotesay herald, who, as the East Marches of Scotland are so broken and the Governor lies in or about Edinburgh castle, went to Wharton to be conveyed in by the West Marches and go to Sterling through the countries of Maxwell, Angus and Glencarne. Beg them to take their opportunity with the King (in pursuance of their letters) for Shrewsbury's instructions, and to remember that on Tuesday next, 15th inst., begins a new pay for the garrisons, and their lordships know what money is here. Darneton, 8 July 1544. Signed by Shrewsbury, Tunstall, and Sadler.
	P.S.—Enclose letters and advertisements received from Wharton with the copy of a letter from Glencarn to Robert Maxwell.
	P. 1. Add. Endd.
8 July.	872. Suffolk and Browne to Norfolk, Russell and Cheyney.
Harl. MS. 6,989, f. 129. B.M.	We are sorry to understand by your letters your necessity of victuals and hindrance by weather. We have determined to despatch, of the King's provision, from Calays to Sainct Omer's 300 or 400 tun of beer with all speed; and you must take order for its conduct thence. Rather than you should lack we will strain ourselves and our men. Also you shall receive at Sainct Omer's as much of the money that comes out of Flanders as can be spared; and, upon the coming of this Flemish carriage with the beer, you may retain such of it as you need. You seem to think it strange that we, knowing the way to be taken by the King, keep it secret from you; but we are as ignorant therein as you. As soon as we have any inkling of his Majesty's determination we will advertise you. This morning, early, we despatched Mr. Comptroller to Calays to join my lord Chamberlain and my lord of Winchester for the expedition of this beer. From the camp beside Marguyson, 8 July. Signed.
	P.S.—You may not reserve above 200 of the carriages. For the money, we cannot send above 10,000l. with which you must make shift. This beer is English and must be "uttered thereafter," but the next shall be drink "made of our brewhouses, your Lordship knoweth, devised in England for the field, which shall be better cheap to be bought for the soldiers." We shall cause biscuit to be baken, and if your carriage be well conveyed from Sainct Omer's we trust to serve you in good stead. For your own diets, we are bold to send of the King's provision here four pieces of wine (two for Norfolk, one for Russell and one for Mr. Treasurer) and would send more if more might be spared. You must send, for the money, "some of trust" to receive it at Sainct Omer's.
	Pp. 2. Add. Endd.
[8 July.]	873. Norfolk to De Roeulx.
R. O.	Desires him to "put" better provision to furnish this army with victuals, or great inconvenience will ensue. He promised that if they would besiege Monstrell they should lack no victual; whereas they have not had the tenth part of bread and beer that would serve this army. He also promised that if Norfolk would pay 200 horsemen and 500 footmen he would convey all the victuals to Renty or Hewcliers; and this is to desire him to keep that promise and advertise Norfolk when and where these men shall enter wages, and also to send hither some honest man to see the victuals sold at a reasonable price. Norfolk and the lord Privy Seal and Mons. de Bewers and many others this day viewed Monstrell and think it the worst town to approach that ever they saw; yet if De Roelx sees them furnished with victuals they will do their part, but without victuals they must return with dishonor, after coming hither more for the wealth of the Emperor's countries than their own commodity.
	Draft in English in the hand of Norfolk's clerk, pp. 2.
9 July.	874. The Regency.
	See Grants in July, No. 78.
9 July.	875. Suffolk and Browne to Norfolk, Russell and Cheyney.
Harl. MS. 6,989, f. 131. B. M.	According to last letters, have despatched to Sainct Omer's four score tuns of beer and ten of the King's brewhouses, with English brewers and 500 qr. of malt. Trust to keep them supplied with malt by way of St. Omer's, and also wheat for bread, they having ovens and mills sufficient. From the camp beside Whitsandebaye, 9 July.
	Though your brewhouses be few, yet (you lying still) they may brew three brewings easily every day and night "which wolbe lx tonne of beare." Signed.
	P.S.—Where you have written that you cannot well understand our letters sent with Palmer's bill—you having written that Mons. de Reux counselled you to besiege Monstrell "but on one side, contrary to your, my 1. Privy Seal's opinion, which opinion we also be of, "whereas he said to Palmer" that Monsterell was expedient to be had and possible enough to be won,"—we think it great doubleness that he should persuade you that it was impregnable if 6,000 men were in the town and yet say to Palmer (by whom we perceive that there are 5,000) that it might be had.
	P. 1. Add. Endd.
9 July.	876. Norfolk and Others to Suffolk and Browne.
R. O.	Were yesterday before Monstrell with a number of horsemen and 400 or 500 hacquebuttiers, leaving the camp here, as the river was impassable without making bridges of the King's boats, which are not so easy set up as the King was informed, for Nedeham and Marten have been all this day in making four of them. In viewing the town Mons. de Bewers and Mons. de Wymes and the most expert of his company agreed with the writers that they never saw so evil a town to approach. Whatsoever has been said by Mons. de Rieux and others who have made plats of it, there is no sure camping place within a mile of it; and in it are 4,000 men with "Mons^r de Bees, La Guysche and many other good men of war." Will, however, pass the river this day, and tomorrow lay siege. Never English-men endured such scarcity of bread and drink as this army, so that, at last, Norfolk is this day forced to write to Mons. de Rieux as in the copy (fn. n7) enclosed, which is done with the consent of such of the Council as have subscribed it, the rest being ordering the camp for tonight. I, the lord Privy Seal, licensed Jheronomus to depart to Calyce, but considering his knowledge of Monstrell, we desire him sent hither, and also such of the Cornish men's tools as remain at Guisnes. "From the camp at Brymew, one mile from Monstrell, this ix morning of July." Signed: T. Norffolk: J. Russell: T. Cheyne: Water Devereux: W. Howard: T. Wentworth: Wyllam Grey: Franssys Bryan: John Haryngton.
	Pp. 2. Add. Endd.: 1544.
9 July.	877. Chamberlain to Suffolk and the Council.
R. O.	Received Suffolk's letters and instructions to Hall, Vaughan, Wynebancke and the writer, late on Saturday (fn. n8) night last. As Hall was departed to Calleis and Vaughan charged with the King's treasure, Chamberlain and Wynebancke repaired hither on Sunday. The Queen was forth hunting and did not return until Monday at 4 p.m., when they repaired to her (Wynebancke being vexed with a fever which still follows him). After reading Suffolk's letters and hearing their charge she made answer (detailed) that the country had supplied almost the whole number of wagons and lymoners at first required, and was strained to the utmost in providing both for the Emperor and the King; that she would see that her ministers hindered neither the Emperor's affairs nor the King s, which she held as one; and that the fault was in the late sending of the King's commissaries, both for wagons and victuals, for which she had written and spoken so often to the ambassador deceased; but things were in such order that, the King sending commissaries and money, she would furnish them. In reply Chamberlain pointed out how the van and rear guards had lost a month idly, and were deterred from further entering into, the enemy's country. She answered that she had said what she had done and would do; and, as for the wagons, one Hall had just been here and obtained the whole number, if they did not now demand some new number; and as for victuals she had looked long to know where the King would appoint his staple, and for commissaries to be sent to use such order (described) as the Emperor used last year, as Chamberlain saw, at Vallentienes. She then concluded to receive in writing the effect of what he had rehearsed and apostyle her answer in the margin.
	She then asked where the commissary (fn. n9) for Landenberghe was, since Skeperious now wrote that the horsemen were content to serve. Told her he left in post towards the King two days ago. She bade Chamberlain travail to get them to serve, for, by their eating up the country, the King was making war upon the Emperor's people. Replied showing that Landenberghe, whom the Emperor had recommended, after receiving no small sum for the conduct of 4,000 footmen and 1,000 horsemen, and also from the King's commissaries in prest upon the first month's wages 23,000 cr., refused to serve either according to his own bargain or even at the rate which the Emperor had required the King not to exceed, and therefore Landenberghe was altogether to blame, and not the King, who between him and another captain, Hanse van Sekein, also recommended by the Emperor, had wasted above 50,000 or 60,000 cr.; Landenberghe's doings she knew, and the other, after the Emperor had agreed with him on the King's behalf and he had received 25,000 or 28,000 gilderons, refused to serve unless the King would give him certain towns for surety. "'Mary (quoth the President Schore, standing by) had Landenberghe been so wise as he, this had not chanced that now hath.' 'Why, Sir (quoth I), methinks ye regard not the thing so indifferently as ye ought, nor with such respect as thereto ought to be had. Think you (quoth I) that it is meet that any prince of honor should so much bow to the will of one so much his inferior? Methinks ye do not. Compare the things well.' Whereat he changed colour and said 'I can not tell (quoth he), but we have the worst.' 'As who says (quoth I) that, without respect from whence th'occasion proceedeth, ye would wholly charge the King's Majesty, my master, with the fault.'" The Queen said that the fault was most in the commissaries, who should have paid the soldiers and not the captains. Replied that they could not tell who was a gentleman or an old soldier but by the captains; and, besides, the bargain was with Landenberghe to provide the men. "Nay (quoth le S^or Skore) it was no bargain to be kept." Then, said Chamberlain, the King is abused by the Emperor "who wished unto him so unreasonable and lawless a captain," for there are means to constrain the keeping of promises. The Queen said "those kind of people are otherwise," and she knew how her brother had to bear with them; "and, as I understand (quoth she to the duke of Ascoot, who stood by), I hear say there are among the footmen many gentlemen and such as are both able to be captains and have already been captains, and (then quoth she to me) the King's Majesty must not look to be served of a gentleman or an old soldier for so small soulde as a raskall, and I promise you (quoth she) one were better to be served with 1,000 such than 3,000 other." Answered that all this did not declare the King to be in fault, but the captain that bargained with him; but she said that with these people it was useless to go about to save money, there was Mons. de Bueren, to whom she prescribed a certain rate, and who she knew would look to the Emperor's profit, and yet he exceeded it. Replied that De Bueren also exceeded the pays he promised the King; but not much, and Chamberlain found his men pleased with their soulde.
	She then concluded by wishing some order taken with Landenberghe's men and desiring to have Chamberlain's requests in writing (which he delivered [the same] (fn. n10) night to the President and expects the answer this afternoon at the Queen's return from hunting).
	Encloses the Queen's answer, which he could not obtain until yesternight at 11 o'clock. Describes minutely the method to be followed in providing victuals at the staple, as he has learnt it from President Schore, who also said that the conduct of victuals to the camp in the enemies' country was meant, by the King's Council, to be done by Mons. de Ruyz, but he "will not serve in that behalf"; and as it is not in the articles that it should be conveyed by them, the King must assign part of his troop thereto, and therefor Mons. de Bueren's band may serve. As for Landenberghe's horsemen, who are now willing to serve if paid for a month past and for this month, the Queen says that commissaries must be sent to distribute the money and not to trust to the captains. Landenberghe has sent to her for safe-conduct to go to the King, which she has granted. And she says there in no remedy but to bear with them as the Emperor does, who has learnt their nature to his cost. Bruxelles, 9 July, 1544 "early, in the break of day."
	P.S. in his own hand.—Touching the excuse which your Grace willed me to make for letting certain mares of the King and your grace pass before licence had, the Queen "said he ought not so to have done, but, upon your Grace's request, she was content to pardon him." Schore has just sent for him and shown a bill (enclosed) (fn. n11) passed between Landenburgh and the King's commissaries, which the Queen would have performed, as the horsemen now offer to serve without Landenbergh; "and still with exclamation he crieth to have them despatched." Intends now to depart towards Calleis and the camp to finish account with De Bueren and take Lightmaker's musters on the frontiers in pursuance of his first charge. Ut supra, 9 July, 4 p.m. Signed.
	Pp. 11. Add. Endd. "With an answer from the Regent," &c.
R. O.	2. The Queen Regent's justification, delivered to the duke of Suffolk's agents who presented the annexed memorandum.
	Since April last she divers times, to the late ambassador, desired to know in time what victuals, wagons and lymoners were wanted, and thereupon the ambassador required 2,500 lymoners and 2,200 four-horse wagons. That number was excessive, since the Emperor must also be furnished, and she wrote to the Emperor's ambassador resident in England, 1 April, to represent this to the King and Council. A list of all the horses of these parts showed that, without stopping labour and trade, not above 10,000 horses could be taken, part of which had to be sent to the Emperor's army and to serve the footmen and horsemen levied here by the Count of Buren. She caused a great number of horses and wagons to be ready on 22 May, as requested by the King's commissaries, but no one came for them until the beginning of June, and the wagonners complain much that they were so long kept idle. At the beginning of June came a single commissary, saying that he had charge to levy 1,100 lymoners and 500 wagons, to be at Calais within six days. He was told that it was impossible for a single person to levy and conduct so many, but answered that he had no other charge. She, however, took such diligent order therein that the horses and wagons, being drawn from the nearest places, were at Calais soon after the day appointed; and she advertised the King's commissaries that in future earlier notice should be given. Afterwards, at the solicitation of Franchois van Halle, man of arms, she furnished further 300 wagons in one party and 1,000 wagons in another and 1,360 lymoners, of which the one part is yet on the way, whereat Halle is satisfied, saying that he will not ask more. She has thus furnished 2,460 lymoners and 1,800 wagons, in all 9,660 draught horses, leaving nothing for the Emperor's army. That they are not yet all arrived is for want of timely notice, many of them having to come from beyond the Meuse and from Namur. The Queen has despatched commissaries promptly; any delay has been due to their being insufficiently instructed. If the levying of 200 footmen or pioneers takes one commissioner, and an ensign of 300 or 400 men has a captain and several officers under him, how can a single man levy and conduct 500 or 1,000 wagons, which should have 700 or 1,400 wagonners? If more wagons are wanted, it is impossible much to exceed the number first demanded which has been all furnished save 400 wagons and 40 lymoners, and of which at the beginning the Queen had no hope; and there has been great complaint among her subjects, who would have given a great aid to the Emperor rather than furnish them.
	In April last the Queen delivered a note of what she thought convenient for supplying the King's camp with victuals, suggesting the appointment of a commissary general, with money, to whom she would give every assistance; but, although she was told that the King would send him in time, he is not yet come. She has, neverless, proclaimed liberty to all victuallers to carry victuals to the King's camp, just as she has done for the Emperor who has a commissary buying victuals to succour his camp when the victuallers do not bring enough. The Duke of Norfolk having written that he feared lack of victuals, she has sent him commissaries who last year made part of the provision for the camp before Landrechies to declare the cause of the inconvenience, and that hitherto there has been no commissary to make provision nor any declaration sent of what was wanted. It is not for the Queen to send victuals at her own expense or keep them to spoil without knowing whether they are wanted. She will give every facility for sending them. If the vanguard and rearguard have lacked it is not her fault, and she would be grieved if she or her ministers were blamed; and she wishes to notify that, unless better order is taken on their part, it is to be feared that they will have greater lack, which she would regret. Brussels, 8 July, 1544.
	French, pp. 7.
	ii. Memorandum of the duke of Suffolk's instructions given to his agents (fn. n12).
	French, p. 1. Sealed by President Schore. Endd.: Order made by the Regent for victuals to be brought to the English camps.
R. O. [Spanish Calendar, vii. 148]	3. Another copy of the first portion of § 2.
	Fr. Modern transcript from Vienna, pp. 4.
10 July.	878. Diplomatic Documents.
R. O.	Indenture witnessing that Sir Wm. Paget, one of the two principal secretaries, has delivered the following writings to the treasurer and chamberlains of the Exchequer. A commission to Don Ferdinando de Gonzaga and Eustace Chapuys, dated Brussels, 7 Dec. 1543. A treaty between the duke of Norfolk, lord Privy Seal, lord Great Chamberlain and others, for the King, and Gonzaga and Chapuys for the Emperor, 31 Dec. 1543. The "confirmation of the safe-conducts," 10 March, 1543. (Marginal note in another hand that these with other evidences relating to the Emperor are in a box marked "1543.") A commission by the earls of Lenalx and Glencarne, dated 8 April, 1544. "Another in paper of the same date and tenor." A treaty between the earl of Glencarne and others, for Lennax, and Lord Wharton and others for the King, 17 May, 1544. A treaty for the marriage of the Lady Marg. Douglas, to Lennax, dated 26 June, 1544. (Marginal note that these are in a box by themselves, among other evidences concerning Scotland.) 10 July, 1544. Signed by Paget.
	P. 1.
10 July.	879. Chapuys to Prince Philip of Spain.
Add. MS. 28,593, f. 326. B. M. [Spanish Calendar, vii. 149.]	Some time ago received his letters sent in January (sic) by Juan Çapata de Caldenas; and since then has had no opportunity of writing, save what he wrote last to the Comendador Mayor of Leon. The King, Queen and Princess rejoiced to hear of his affection for them, and also to hear of his recent marriage, of which Chapuys gave them such particulars as he had from divers letters. He will have heard of the Emperor's triumphant victory in Lombardy—which has greatly animated those here—and they have since made much haste to pass over sea, where are now 40,000 Englishmen; and this King is the more determined to go in person to Calais (awaiting only the news that all things are ready there) if not to lay siege to Montreul, the winning of which would be most important, as the way of the victuals would be thus gained and Teruana, Andresy, Bolona and other neighbouring places depend upon it. The King is vexed at the delay of this enterprise, hearing of the success of the Emperor's army, which after taking a place called Comersy, in the entering into Champagne, on the 29th ult. won Ligny, in which were the Count of that place and of Brienne and the count of Rosi and his brother, with over 1,000 Frenchmen and 500 Italians. It is to be expected that the army will have since continued its victory, especially as the king of France has no army in the field and is said to be amusing himself about Paris; to the small consolation of the said places, because he commands the towns to be burnt, his whole hope being in 12,000 Swiss whom he expects, although on the 15th ult. his ambassador had obtained no resolute answer about them. The Prince will have heard how this King's army returned from Scotland after destroying a good port (fn. n13) there. Since its return the counts of Linus and Glancarne fought against the governor of Scotland and slew many of his men. Those of the English border continually waste Scotland. The said count of Linus, who is nearest relative of the late king of Scotland and nephew of Monsr. d'Aulbigni, and his successor in France in the charge of 100 men of arms, leaving the French party, came hither and espoused the King's niece, daughter of the queen of Scotland that was and of earl Douglas, and has ceded to the King his title to the crown of Scotland. London, 10 July, 1544.
	Spanish, pp. 4. Modern copy from Simancas.
10 July.	880. Chapuys to Covos.
Add. MS. 28,593, f. 328. B.M. [Spanish Calendar, vii. 150.]	Wrote lately by the nephew of the factor of Portugal, and, as Covos will see what he now writes to the Prince, and the courier is in a hurry, this will only be to beg continuance of his favours, &c. London, 10 July, 1544.
	Spanish, pp. 2. Modern copy from Simancas.
10 July.	881. Shrewsbury and Others to the Council.
Add. MS. 32,655, f. 91. B. M. Hamilton Papers, ii., No. 279.	Having received a letter from the Council addressed to Shrewsbury requiring him to repair with all diligence to the King, this sudden summons without any instructions to Durham and Sadler seemed very strange; and, as there was in the packet a letter directed to Petit, the master mason of Barwicke, the writer remembered an old case when two letters from the Council to the lord Chancellor, dec., and to Mr. Lee, then surveyor of Calayes, were contrarily directed, opened the letter to Petit and found that it should have been addressed to Shrewsbury and the other to Petit, who shall repair up with all diligence.
	Enclose a letter of news to lord Eure from Sandy Pryngell. Yesternight arrived the laird of Fyve, repairing to the King to make his own excuse and declare his, the master of Rothers's, and John Charters's proceedings with Mr. Holcroft, lately in Scotland. He affirms that the King shall be sure of the Earl Marshall, lord Graye and the aforenamed, and of Sir George Douglas also, "whatsoever report be made to the contrary." He brought a letter (herewith) from Sir George to Sadler, and showed one from him to Brunstone (copy herewith). Darneton, 10 July 1544. Signed by Shrewsbury, Tunstall and Sadler.
	P.S.—Letters are come from the Council to Shrewsbury, with others to Wharton and to Glencarn, which are forthwith despatched.
	Pp. 2. Add. Endd.
10 July.	882. Suffolk, Gage and Browne to Henry VIII.
R. O.	Yesterday, received [letters] from the Privy Council [showing] that Henry intends to set forth hitherwards on Friday next. (fn. n14) Expect he will reach Calais in seven or eight days. All victuals are in good order, and of carriage there shall be no lack. The ordnance is arrived and nearly unshipped, but the great pieces will require time to mount. All men are come except those out of Suffolk, Essex and those parts, and such as are appointed to attend the King from Dover. Departed from Calais so soon in order to spare the English Pale against his coming, seeing that there is no hay left, old or new, and, if the grass were spoiled, great lack would ensue at the coming home. Departed when their number was still very small and they had only 14 small pieces and one barrel of powder; but now their number is increased and they have, as instructed, laid 1,000 men at Guisnes, and 600 to defend the East Pale, and now they must send horsemen to St. Omer's to conduct the money appointed to be sent to Norfolk and the lord Privy Seal. By the Council's said letter they are directed to march to Boleigne and begin the siege, leaving the King's own band to tarry for him at Calais. For lack of the 2,000 Almains and 1,000 Burgundian horsemen, who are not yet come, and of the Suffolk and Essex men, numbering, 1,500 (and because the horsemen after their journey to St. Omer's will require three or four days' rest and the great pieces not yet unshipped will not so soon be mounted), they cannot be ready for that enterprise before the King's coming, but will make all diligence. Have received his "plott of Boleygne in moolde," and Suffolk has travailed, by examination of espials and prisoners, to get knowledge therein, and finds that, instead of the ground round the town being all earth, as Henry was informed, it is rock, and there is no earth there a foot deep; which both the Surveyor of Calays and Palmer affirm, "[and] Sir Richard Lye, late surveyor, confesseth himself m[any] times to have heard." From the camp [at] Whitsande Baye, 10 July, 1 a.m. Signed.
	Pp. 3. Mutilated. Add. Endd.: 1544.
10 July.	883. Suffolk, Gage and Browne to the Council.
R. O.	Since making up [this] other letter, a trumpet has arrived with credence by mouth from Norfolk, dilating the matters contained in Norfolk's letters and declaring "that [neither] the plott nor yet the report of Jeronimus to the [King's] Majesty did in any part agree with the ground [of the] place of Monstrell; for the same (saith he) st[andeth upon] rock, and hath a place fortified as a bulwark [and a] mount that beateth all the plain round abo[ut, and] the thing itself all of an other strength than it was [taken] for." Asked whether Jeronimus had come to Norfolk, he said nay, he was to speak to us to send him. We sent him thitherwards on Sunday last, (fn. n15) and marvel where he [is] become. From the camp besides [Whitsande baye], 10 July. Signed.
	P. 1. Slightly mutilated. Add. Endd.: 1544.
10 July.	884. Suffolk, Gage and Browne to the Council.
R. O.	Enclose letters presently received from Norfolk and the rest of the Council, touching the state of their camp, for whose relief the writers have taken order. From the camp at Whitsandebaye, 10 July. Signed.
	P. 1. Slightly mutilated. Add. Endd.: 1544.
10 July.	885. Suffolk, Gage and Browne to [Norfolk].
Harl. MS. 6,989, f. 133. B. M.	Have considered his Lordship's letters and despatched them to the Council. Understand by his trumpet that he marvels that he has received no letters from them since their arrival on this side the sea. If it had been so they could not much blame him; but they have written to him once or twice every day. As to his relief with victuals they despatched 80 tun of beer, and trust that it is received. Have written divers times to know what he wants, so that they may make a staple at Sainct Omer's for him. Albeit he never wrote that he lacked bread, or anything but drink, so that no great store of wheat was sent, they sent 500 qr. of malt, with brewers. After speaking with Jeronimus on Sunday last,^* despatched him within one hour to his Lordship, thinking that at the approach to Monsterell he should be there to effect what he had devised. Marvel that he is not yet arrived. "We also understand by your trumpet that the Great Master keepeth no promise with you, which seemeth to us to mean somewhat more than we can now divine. For the situation of Monstrell, the strength of the same and the power that is in it we understand, as well by your letters as by your said trumpet, that the same is nothing so easy to be besieged nor to be had as the King's Majesty hath been informed, and can for our parts say nothing to it, but beseech God to send you as good speed as we would wish ourselves. From the camp besides Whitsandebaye," 10 July. Signed.
	Pp. 2. Address lost. Endd.
[10] July.	886. Vaughan to the Council.
R. O.	On the 8th inst. Nicholas the King's post arrived with their letter, whereto, upon the hasty departure of the bearer, Vaughan makes answer in the absence of his fellows, who are in the town receiving money; and they will together by Nicholas write more largely. Details proceedings for obtaining money here as in No. 887.
	Have received only 19,000l. Fl., and Dymok and Lock are receiving 10,000 cr. more, which is all they can receive, for lack of such order as Jasper Dowche requires in his remembrance sent by Blewmantell, until Bonvyce's proxy comes. Will send all that remains to Suffolk at Calles, having paid Hall 3,000l. Fl., Fane (for Landenberghe's horsemen) 4,000 cr., and Chamberleyn and Wyndebank 2,016l. 6s. 8d. for lymoners and carriages required by Suffolk, 'Winchester and others of the Council.
	"Carynyen is for surety rendered to the French king, and certain towns of th'Emperour's taken by Barba Rouge in his way going towards Constantinople rendered to the Bishop of Rome's use." Desires a letter to Wm. Claye to help them in the receipt of money here.
	P. S.—If the Council sends credence enough they will send money enough. "Bartilmew Compagne came to us yesternight, but we lack time to write you what he said. We find him a very honest man."
	Hol., pp. 5. Add.: resident in the Court. Endd.: ———(blank) Julii 1544.
10 July.	887. Vaughan, Dymmock and Lock to the Council.
R. O.	On the 8th inst. arrived Nicholas, the King's post, with their letters. As the writers' letter by Blewmantell has not been understood they explain it as follows:—
	The Council first sent out of England a bill of credence of Ant. Bonvyse consigned to Ludovike Bonvice and Nic. Diodati for 100,000 cr., and two bills of Ant. Vivaldes consigned to John Carolo and John Balbani and their companies for 50,000 cr. from each. Wrote that, as Ant. Bonvyse's company was bruited to be dissolved, they would not be trusted for 100,000 cr., and that Vivalde's two consignees would only credit 25,000 cr. a-piece; and therefore Bonvyce's proxy must be directed to his friends here to bind him alone, without his company, for 100,000 cr. (which proxy, being sent, was here found faulty, and a draft of a proxy was then sent by Mr. Fane to be made and sent hither, "which we look for"). Vivalde's two houses, even though the Council sent new bills of credence, still refused to credit more than 50,000 cr. Have therefore only credit for 150,000 cr. when Bonvyce's proxy comes; and, have besides, a credence of John Gyraldes for 10,000 cr. Wrote by Blewmantell that the remaining 40,000 cr. should be made over to certain companies named in the letters and in Jasper Dowche's memorial. Bartolomeo Campanyo says that he promised to give us credence for 20,000 cr. on 1 Aug. next, and 20,000 cr. on 1 Sept., but cannot yet get houses to supply it, and has written to friends in Lyons to write for it to substantial houses here. Desire Bonvyce's proxy with speed, for the merchants will make no more payments till it comes. Wrote that Vivalde should give new bills, not to Guynychy and Balbany and John Carolo, but (as Jasper Dowchie writes) to Fernando Dacye for 25,000 cr., and to Micael Arnolfin or the heirs of Francis and Diego Mendes for other 25,000 cr.; for merchants here will sooner give credence for 25,000 cr. than for 50,000 or 100,000.
	Have in all received about 22,000l, Fl.; whereof paid to Fane for Landenberghe's horsemen (4,000 cr.) 1,266l. 13s. 4d. Fl., to Hall for lymoners and carriages 3,000l. Fl., to Chamberleyn and Wyndebank for lymoners and carriages, upon letters of Suffolk and Sir A. Browne, 2,016l. 6s. 8d. Fl. Total, 6,283l. So remains in our hands 16,300l. and odd (sic). And now, at the despatch of this, we are sending Dymok and Lock to St. Omer's, upon letters sent yesternight from Suffolk and Browne, with 14,000l. Fl. And so remains 2,300l. odd. Of Pantaleo Spynula and others mentioned in the letters by Blewmantell more may be obtained. Though Gasper Dowche "be indeed a fox" they must use him, or he would work to their hindrance. As they receive in Flemish money, commands to them to pay should be in Flemish money and not sterling.
	While writing this, Vaughan received from Lightmaker a letter to Chamberleyn and another to himself, signifying that Lightmaker would depart from Utrecht today with 337 horsemen towards Turney, and desiring that commissioners might be there to take his musters or signify where he should make them. As Chamberleyn and Wyndebanke, by command of Suffolk and Winchester, are at Brussels to get more lymoners and carriages and declare a charge to the Lady Regent, Vaughan would gladly know what answer to make; lest Lightmaker's men, finding none to tell them whither they should go, "shall begin to mutyn as Landenberges do." Vaughan purposes to send them to Ayre or Turney. They already ask for money, their messenger saying that it will be hard to bring them further than this town unless paid.
	Unless Bonvyce's new proxy is here by the 15th it will again hinder us, for his first letters of credence gave the 15th as the limit; and this proxy must be subscribed, like the other, by merchants of Italy testifying the honesty of the notary. Conclude with a brief statement of the bills of credence they have received, in all, for 160,000 cr. Andwerp, 10 July. Signed.
	P.S.—The above is always received, less interest.
	In Vaughan's hand, pp. 7. Add.: "resident at the Court." Endd.: 1544.
	888. Commissions for the Army.
R. O.	A list in Lord Burghley's hand of commissions (fn. n16) given in war time, viz.:—
	"29 Octob. a^o xxviij H. 8. Wm. l. Sandes, l. Chamberlayn constituted marshal of y^e K's army prepared to pass w^t the Kyng."
	2 Dec. a^o 28. "Commiss. to y^e D. of Norf., erles of Sail. (i.e. Salop, or Shrewsbury) and Rutland and S^r Wm. Fitz Wm., admyrall, l. Wm. Howard, l. Talbott, S^r Jn. Russell, S^r F^r. Bryn, S^r A. Brow (Brown), Rog^r Rat (Ratcliff), (fn. n17) to treat w^t the ll. Scrope, Latymer, Lumley, Darcy." (See Vol. XI. No. 1,205, dated 30 Nov.)
	3 Dec. a^o 28. "Commiss. of lieutenancy and leading of an army to be gathered in Norff., Suff., Gloc., Heref., Sallopp, Lancast., Cestr., Flynt, Northwall., Staff., Nott., Derb., Lyncoln, Ebor., North., Cumb., Westm., Ep'at' Dunelm., granted to Tho. Duke of Norf., Charl. D. of Suffolk, Georg. Erie of Sallopp."
	4 Dec. a^o 28. "A safe-conduct for y^e l. Scroope, l. Latymer, l. Lumley, l. Darcy to come to Doncastre to treat w^t y^e D. of Norf., erl of Sallopp and erle of Rutland and w^t Sir Wm. Fitzwm., l. Wm. Howard and Francisc. l. Talbott and W^t S^r Jhon Russell, Sir Franc. Bryan, S^r Antony Brown, knightes, and Rog^r Ratcliff."
	17 Jan. a^o 28. "Commiss. of lieutenancy to y^e D. of Norf. for Northumb., Cumb., Westml., Duresm., Ebor."
	17 Jan. a^o 28. "Commiss. to y^e D. of Norf., erl Westml. (sic), and Cuthbert bish. of Duresm, S^r Tho. Tempest, S^r Wm. Evrs, Sir Marmad. Constab., S^r Raff Ellerk, etc."
	12 Jan., 34 Hen. VIII. Charl. Dx. Suffolk made lieutenant in the North.
	12 Feb., a^o 35. Edw. earl of Hertford made lieutenant in the North.
	18 Feb. a^o 35. Sir Raff Evers made warden of the Middle Marches, Sir Wm. Evers of the East and Sir Thos. Wharton of the West.
	13 June, a^o 36. Francis earl of Sallopp made lieutenant in the North.
	6 June a^o 36. Thos. d. of Norff. made captain of the rearward and lieutenant of the voward and rearward until the King's coming.
	10 June a^o 36. Lord Russell captain of the voward until the King's coming.
	3 July, a^o 36. Chas. Dx. Suffolk captain of the Middle Ward.
	11 July, a^o 36. John lord Lisle 1. Admiral, made captain of the army by sea.
	In Lord Burghley's hand (temp. Eliz.), pp. 2. Endd.: "Memoryall 28 Hen. VIII, in y^e tyme of rebellion, D. Norf., D. Suffolk, Er. Salop, Er. Rutland, Sir Wm. Fitzw., admyrall, l. Wm. Howard."
Calig. B. vii.(267b.)B. M.	2. Memoranda in a modern hand written on the flyleaf of the "Articuli tractatus pacis," see Vol. XVIII. Pt. i. No. 804 (15), viz.—The 6th of June, 36 Hen. VIII. Thomas duke of Norfolk made captain of the rearward and lieutenant of the voward and rearward until the King's coming. 10 June, lord Russell captain of the voward until the King's coming. 13 June, Francis earl of Sallop made lieutenant in the North. The 3rd (sic) July, John lord Lysle lord Admiral made captain of the army by sea.
	P. 1. Apparently taken from § 1.