Henry VIII: May 1544, 21-25 | British History Online

Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic, Henry VIII, Volume 19 Part 1, January-July 1544. Originally published by His Majesty's Stationery Office, London, 1903.

Citation:

'Henry VIII: May 1544, 21-25', in Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic, Henry VIII, Volume 19 Part 1, January-July 1544, ed. James Gairdner, R H Brodie( London, 1903), British History Online https://prod.british-history.ac.uk/letters-papers-hen8/vol19/no1/pp338-358 [accessed 16 November 2024].

May 1544, 21-25



21 May.	543. Price of Meat and Poultry.
Soc. of Antiquaries, Procl ii. 134.	Proclamation made 21 May, 36 Henry VIII. by authority of the Act 31 Henry VIII. limiting prices as follows, viz.:—From 15 June until Christmas: beef, ⁵/8d. per lb.; mutton, 1d.; veal 1d. From Christmas until 15 June: beef, ¾d.; mutton, 1d.; veal ⁷/8d.; the best lamb, 2s.; the second, 20d.; the meanest, 16d.; the half and quarters of such lambs not to be sold above these rates. Pork is not to exceed ¾d.
	And furthermore in London, Westminster and Southwark wild fowl and poultry are not to be sold above the following rates, viz.:—best swan, 5s.; best crane, bustard or stork, 4s.; herneshewes, shovelars and "byttours" of the best, 18d.; best old peacock, 20d.; best "pechikins" (pea-chickens), 14d.; best capon of grece, 20d.; "capon of Kent, otherwise called boyling capon, of the best," 8d.; "capon good,"14d.; best hen of grece, 7d.; brewe and egrete of the best, 12d.; "bytters" of the best, 12d.; gulls of the best, 12d.; green geese fat, sold between Easter and Midsummer, 7d.; great geese sold between Midsummer and Shrovetide, of the best, 8d.; "Goodwithez fat," 12d.; a dozen dotterelles of the best, 3s. 4d.; quails, 4s. the doz.; sparrows, 3d. the doz.; pigeons, 8d. the doz.; "rabbettes suckars fat," 18d. the doz.; conies between Easter and All Hallowtide, the best, 2s. the doz.; winter conies between Hallowtide and Shrovetide, 2s. 6d. the doz.; mallards, 4d. each; teals, 2d. each; widgeons fat, 3s. the doz.; woodcocks, 4d. each; plovers, green, 3s. the doz.; bastard plovers fat, 2s. 6d. the doz.; "Marles," 18d. the doz.; "hen snyttes," 18d. the doz.; larks, 6d. the doz.; buntings, 4d. the doz.; "great birds, of the best," 6d. the doz.; eggs, from Easter to March, 16d. the hundred; from March to Easter, 20d. the hundred; butter sweet, from Easter to All Saints, 2d. per lb., from All Saints to Easter, 3d.
	No foreigners to sell in Ledenhall, Cheapside or Newgate Market, or elsewhere in London and suburbs, after the time of the open markets ended, any of the under mentioned "poultry wares and victuals" above these rates, viz.:—The mean swan, 3s.; the best swan, 4s.; the mean crane, 2s. 4d.; the best 3s.; the mean bustard, 2s.; the best, 2s. 8d.; the best herne or shoveler, 14d.; the mean curlew, 6d.; the best 8d.; the mean woodcock, 2½d.; the best, 3d.; the best teal, green plover or grey, 2d.; the lapwing, ½d.; the best wild mallard, 4d.; the best wild duck, 3d.; the best doz. larks, 5d.; the mean doz. larks, 3d.; the best doz. "snittes," 16d.; the mean, 12d.; the mean doz. great birds, 4d.; the best, 6d.; the mean coney, 2d.; the coney, the kidney half covered with fat, 2½d.; the best coney, 3d.; the mean doz. chickens, 14d.; the best, 18d.; the doz. lean quails, 2s.; the doz. best, 4s.; the mean goose, 5d.; the best, 7d.; the mean doz. pigeons, 6d.; the best, 8d.; the boiling capon, 6d.; the mean roasting capon, 10d.; "the best roasting capon of grece," 16d.; the best pig, 6d.; the mean hen, 3d.; and the best hen, 5d.
	Penalty for any violation of this proclamation, fourteen days after publication or later, 10l.
	Printed by Berthelet.
	*** A photograph of the above is in B.M. among "Tudor Proclamations" (No. 28).
21 May.	544. The Expedition against Scotland.
R. O.	Hertford's warrant to Sadler to pay Sir Thos. Waterton, captain of 99 men, 20 days' wages, himself at 4s., petty captains at 2s. and men at 6d., from 29 April to 18 May, deducting 35l. 1s. 9d. for victual had out of the King's provision. Newcastle, 21 May 36 Hen. VIII. Signed.
	Signed as received the same day by himself.
	P. 1.
21 May.	545. The Bps. of Durham and Llandaff to Hertford.
Hatfield MS. 231, No. 46. [Cal. of Cecil MSS., Pt. i. 164.]	Have just received his letter, dated at Berwick this 21st, showing that he intends to stay both horsemen and footmen that should be sent from the Borders, whereas the stay is only of the footmen. He must in all haste send up the 200 horsemen of the East and Middle Marches according to the King's letters. Have, since his departure, received two special letters to send up the horsemen to Dover by the last of this month, on receipt of which they wrote to him in Scotland to remind the lords wardens. The 200 horsemen of the West Marches are paid for coats and conduct and are departed, and 50 footmen of Tynedale and Rydsdale were so paid and departed before the restraint came, but the other 50 out of the East Marches must be restrained. Newcastle, 21 May. Signed.
	P. 1. Flyleaf with address lost. Headed in a later hand: To therle of Hertforde.
21 May.	546. John Broke to Layton.
R. O.	Desires him, by next post, to certify the Council that, as commanded, the writer has travailed, first for the provision of 200 hoys and "plates" and again for another 100. The first 200 were commanded to depart towards England by the 14th inst., and the last of the other 100 was provided by the 19th and commanded to depart by the 20th. The first 200 should be in England before the day prefixed; but, as certain French men-of-war lie on this coast, he desires Layton "to motion" either the Queen here or the King's Council that the hoys might be conducted. The receiver of Middelborow might easily do it, having "ships plenty, ready for such purpose." Provided among the last 100 two pretty boats of 100 ton, each with six or eight good pieces of ordnance, to conduct the rest. Has not prested these two as men-of-war but only for the King's transportation, like the hoys, at 28 stivers, or 3s. 6d. st., the ton. Promised that if they spent any shot or powder in defence of the hoys, the Council would consider it. Of these hoys, has sent 48 to Ipsewich, to be there by the 16th inst.; 21 to Ramsgate, 20 to Margate, 26 to Sandwich, 21 to Winchilsee, 20 to Rye, 5 to Hythe, 15 to Folston (also 10 more to be there on the 24th), and 25 to Dover (and other 27 to be there on the 24th), to be at these places on the 20th inst.; and to London and into the Temmis thereabouts 62, to be there on the 24th May. Begs to know what further to do; and as shortly as he can he will be at Andwarp and thence to Caleis and London. Amsterdam, 21 May.
	P.S.—Begs to have, by bearer, the letter he sent, which was sent to him by the Council.
	Hol., pp. 3. Add.: To the right honorable lorde dean of Yorke, the Kynges Majesties ambassadour of England, be this delyvered at Bruxellis. Endd.: 1544.
21 May.	547. The Queen of Hungary to Chapuys.
R. O. [Spanish Calendar, vii. 104.]	By his letters of the 12th and 17th inst. has learnt the news there, especially the good success of the King's affairs in Scotland, which the King's ambassador here also notified, giving her a copy of a letter written by the general, of his landing and capture of two forts guarded by the Scots, and of Lith, with the flight of the Governor and Cardinal. This she has had translated and published as good news; and she requires Chapuys to thank the King, on her behalf, for the news, which was as agreeable to her as if it had been her own affair. Hopes that, with so good a beginning, the King will leave the Scots no means of rebelling against him, and advance affairs against France, where she hopes that his men will acquit themselves as well as they did in Scotland. Was pleased to hear that the King approved the declaration against Scotland, without halting at the matter of the safe-conducts which the Council added to their draft, and which has nothing in common with the declaration.
	On receiving the Emperor's answer touching the letter of the Admiral of France she will consider whether to reply to the Admiral. Chapuys is to thank the King for his advice, without whose consent she intends to do nothing. And he will do well to scent out what the English intend doing with the port of Lit, and whether they will fortify or abandon it; for if they leave it the fishing of those here would be very risky, and it would behove her to be guided thereby as to rejecting the practise which the Admiral of France offers.
	As to Octavian Bos, prisoner in England, she heretofore delivered to the King's ambassador here the confession of Guillaume de La Chapelle, Frenchman, who accuses him. No wonder that Octavian will confess nothing; but the evidences against him are so pregnant that La Chapelle could not have feigned them. It is true that at first La Chapelle would confess nothing, although his lad (son gougart) told him to his face that he had got letters conveyed for him into France, and deciphered the contents to him; but as soon as he was put to torture he confessed the whole, and has divers times since, without torture, repeated it, especially when questioned by the Sieur de Brabançon (who had done much for him) he voluntarily confessed all that he had indirectly said before, and moreover charged Octavian, as Chapuys will see by the copy of his confession herewith. Since the camp was at Landreschis, Octavian has done nothing but run between Antwerp and the frontiers, without however doing any trade in Antwerp; for she seized his goods in Antwerp, and found not 30 fl. worth, which was not [enough] for trading or being very busy and gives conjecture that he staid here for some other affair than trade. It is not likely that Octavian will confess a thing so prejudicial to his life without torture; and, if the Council do not find that upon the evidences sent he ought to be tortured, they might send him hither to be confronted with La Chapelle, for the truth no less concerns the King's service than the safety of her countries. Leaves it, nevertheless, to them to order as they shall see best. The King's ambassador here suggested sending La Chapelle into England; which did not seem reasonable, as he had been a soldier here and committed the acts which he confessed in this country; also Octavian has his domicile in Antwerp, is a fugitive from hence and here committed the crimes imputed to him, and she might require his expulsion from England under the 5th article of the treaty.
	Has made all possible diligence to put the ships of war to sea and the Sieur de Beures has gone to hasten them. Hopes that on the 25th inst., or soon after, they will be at sea, and when the wind serves they will be on the English coast to communicate with the King's commissioners. Chapuys is to help that De Beures may be well treated, for the King's men (gens de guerre), when they are the stronger, want to do everything according to their own fancy; which is not for the common benefit of the two princes. They should act together without using hauteur or preeminence. Encloses a private letter to him from De Beures. Also her gens de guerre complain that the English wish to keep them idle, often with great danger of running aground, and will not permit them to proceed against the enemy where they would expect to do good service without risking themselves; for which cause it is hard to get good sailors here to serve for pay, they preferring rather to serve others for nothing, when they can choose their fortune, than the Emperor for money; and, to get sailors, she has had to forbid the arming of ships so long as the ships are at sea,—which should be considered. Has despatched all that the King's commissioners for levying passenger ships demanded; and they are gone to the ports to levy them, but she has not heard what they have done. If they should lack ships it will be their fault, to whom she declared that if they wished other assistance she would willingly give it. They have sent back him whom she gave them for their assistance without any message to her.
	Chapuys has not yet sent the King's letters touching the safe-conduct. Requires it in order to make vidimus and authentic copies; and, if he thinks it necessary, she will return the originals.
	Fr. Modern transcript of the original minute at Vienna, pp. 4. Original headed: "A l'ambassadeur Chapuis en Engleterre, du xxi^e de May 1544."
21 May.	548. The Queen of Hungary to Chapuys.
R. O.	The Emperor has charged the Sieur de Beures, his admiral here, according to the article of the treaty, and she hopes that he will do his duty in maintaining the amity with those who have like charge on the part of England. Chapuys may inform the King of this, that like charge may be given to his admiral, lieutenant and others, and the officers of the ports commanded to receive De Beures as a servant of the Emperor and the King. Thinks that the King should decree it by letters patent addressed to De Beures, who will remain upon the coast of England, and, in duplicate, to her, "adfin que si lun deffault lautre radresse." He shall show the King this and send his answer. Bruxelles, 21 May 1544. Signed: Marie. Countersigned: Despleghem.
	French, p. 1. Add.
22 May.	549. Butchers.
Harl. MS. 442, f. 199. B. M.	Proclamation fixing the price of beef, mutton, veal and pork by weight, as in No. 543, without the clauses relating to wildfowl and poultry.
	Modern copy, pp. 3. Headed as made 22 May 36 Hen. VIII.
Soc. of Antiqu. Procl., ii. 135.	2. Another modern copy.
	Pp. 2.
22 May.	550. Chapuys to the Queen of Hungary.
R. O. [Spanish Calendar, vii. 105.]	The King yesterday sent the bp. of Westminster to tell him that the land army which he had in Scotland, after doing incredible damage, as Chapuys has already written, was arrived in safety at the frontiers; and that that of the sea was on its way back, except some ships which were gone to take five French ships which had come to the port of St. Andrews in Scotland, and were not expected to escape. The King only awaits news of these ships and particulars of what has been done in Scotland to advertise the Emperor of it. The King also sent word that he had that very morning received letters from a servant whom he sent to Dancxy for cables and ships' tackle reporting (fn. n1) that the duke of Holstein had sent about, especially towards Dancxy, to levy 30 ensigns of footmen and 3,000 or 4,000 horsemen, and also had at the Sompt 50 hurques, which were ready, and 16 others in two ports which he named. The King wished the Emperor to be on his guard, and to espy and report what was intended.
	Yesterday morning Octavian the Milanese attempted to escape from the servants of the secretary of the Council; and, after dinner, the Council sent him to Chapuys to examine and send to the Tower if he (Chapuys) should think fit. Examined him at length upon the memorial and articles sent from Flanders, especially the affair touching Salazard and his accomplices; but he would only confess that he had friendship with Salazard and had frequented Cambresil, and that Salazard had since been twice or thrice in his shop at Antwerp; and he persists in denying the rest charged against him. Seeing this, sent him to the Tower, where the Secretary of the Council chanced to be, to whom he confessed that it was true that he had been in France last October with La Chappelle and had promised the Daulphin to serve by sending advertisements and otherwise, but he had not yet sent anything. This convicts him of treason, and Chapuys thinks that the King would not object to sending him thither; and that it would be well to require him in order to learn what accomplices he had and also the said Salazard. (fn. n2) Would know her pleasure as soon as possible.
	The King has sent very urgently to him to write to her at once to hasten the hoys, saying that nothing else delays the passage of the army. (fn. n3) London, 22 May 1544.
	Fr. Modern transcript of the original at Vienna, pp. 3. Original with marginal notes in another hand.
22 May.	551. Chapuys to Granvelle.
R. O. [Spanish Calendar, vii. 106.]	The copy herewith of his letters to the Queen will show all that has happened since his last. Begs Granvelle to report them to the Emperor, whom he does not wish to weary with letters, especially as the King will send the whole discourse of the affairs of Scotland. If he has been rash in what he writes about excusing the Emperor's going in person in the army, he begs that it may be considered that the motive was not his own, but that it was expedient to gratify the company. Awaits with greater desire the news of his redemption from here than did the holy fathers who were in Limbo; and begs Granvelle to believe that it is quite impossible for him to follow the camp for a single day, or to remain here long without danger, he is so weak. London, 22 May 1544.
	Fr. Modern transcript of the original at Vienna, p. 1.
22 May.	552. The Expedition against Scotland.
R. O.	Hertford's warrant to Sadler to pay lord Scrope, captain of 100 men, 20 days' wages, at 6s. 8d. for himself, 2s. for his petty captain, and 6d. for each man, from 29 April to 18 May, deducting 39l. 18s. 6d. for victuals taken out of the King's provision. Newcastle, 22 May 36 Hen. VIII. Signed. Signed as received the same day by Scrope's servant, John Forster.
	P. 1.
R. O.	2. The like for Sir Wm. Vavesour, captain of 98 men, at 4s. for himself, deducting 35l. 7s. 8½d. Received by himself.
	P. 1.
R. O.	3. The like for Sir Nic. Fairfax, captain of 88 men, deducting 35l. Rec. by Miles Fairfax.
	P. 1.
R. O.	4. The like for Sir Laur. Smith, captain of 100 men, deducting 38l. 0s. 11d. Rec. by himself.
	P. 1.
22 May.	553. [St. Martin] to [Henry Palmer].
R. O. [Spanish Calendar, vii. 107.]	Nothing of what the Burgundians took from me has been restored, so that it is impossible to do my duty as I would wish; as I hope the King will ultimately know. In pursuance of it, I was Monday and Tuesday all day at Boulloigne where the Seigneur de Fouquesole and I conversed at length, among other things, of the quarrel of the two Princes, and Foucquesole told me that it is not possible for the king of France to forget the great friendship which he has had, and still has, to the King of England; and he has caused a very excellent and wonderfully rich ring (bague) to be brought from his Court to Boulloigne, for a presēnt to the Queen of England or the King's daughter; and I am sure of it. God grant that it may be agreeable to the King in order that Christendom may rest in peace. You know that there is no greater war than between two friends who become enemies; therefore I advertise you that I am advertised, by a friend who may well know it, that the king of France has visited all the ports of Normandy, and in all of them prepared and freighted all the ships for war. Among them is a carracon which the late Admiral made, of 500 tons. They are prepared for a descent upon England if the king of France cannot have friendship with the King of England. The vicomte de Dieppe is captain general of them, and they are to descend upon a port (if I heard aright) named Hamptonne, by which port the Emperor's father (fn. n4) is said to have escaped; and from thence they are to go within England to a place called La Rye. The towns and villages of France give the King 70,000 footmen paid for five months. The Pope has declared against the Emperor, and gives the king of France 6,000 men, and the Duke of Urbin other 6,000; the Venetians likewise have declared against the Emperor and give 6,000 men; all paid for four months. It is said that the Duke of Orleans goes to Italy with a great number of men to join Mons. d'Enghien. There are some who say that it is for a marriage, and others that it is for the duchy of Milan. "Me recommandant tousiours a v're bonne grace. Par celluy que bien congnoissez. Le jour de l'Ascension, xxii^e de May 1544."
	Fr. Modern transcript of a contemporary copy at Vienna, pp. 2.
22 May.	554. Maximilian d'Egmont [Comte de Buren] to Thomas Chamberlain.
R. O.	Came expecting to find you here, as agreed at our departure at Bruselles. I send this bearer in haste towards you at Boisleduc, and if you are there I will come to you to-morrow morning. Grave, 22 May 1544.
	French. Hol., p. 1. Add.: Au S^r Thomas Chamberlain, commissaire du Roy d'Engletaire, ou a celluy qui de la part de sa Ma^te est a Bosleduc. Endd.
22 May.	555. Wotton to Henry VIII.
R. O. St. P., ix. 675.	On the 19th received letters from the Council, of the 14th, with copies of Hertford's and the lord Admiral's letters, which he next day showed to Granvelle (the Emperor being that day ridden a hunting). Next day the Emperor thanked him for the news, and congratulated Henry on this great beginning, which was a great advancement to their common affairs and would weaken their enemies. The Emperor then asked about the chiefs of the army, whom Wotton had named, whether the horsemen might safely join with Hertford, and what men the Cardinal and Governor were (things of which Wotton had thought he knew more than he seemed to know), and, finally, whether the late Queen and her daughter were yet in Scotland; for it was bruited that the Patriarch of Aquilee had transported the Queen and her daughter thence.
	Before these letters came it was bruited that the Scots had a great victory; and, albeit the ambassador of Portugall and Master of the Posts had letters from Andwerpe to the contrary three days before these letters, the Nunce still maintains that Henry's men have done nothing and that these letters are devised in Flanders. Granvelle says that the Scots are published enemies through the Low Countries. The Frenchmen have conveyed a number of horsemen into Luxemburg, with victuals, but they cannot get out again. The Emperor draws thitherward. Mons. de Lyre lately wrote to Wotton that gentlemen who had received money to serve the Emperor on horseback were returning it to their colonels, saying that Henry gave better entertainment and promised to repay losses of horse or harness. Will, as it pleases Henry, let pass the matter of Sickengen, but will never forget his goodness in it. Spyre, 22 May 1544.
	Hol., p. 8. Add. Endd.
22 May.	556. Wotton to Paget.
R. O. St. P., ix. 677.	Wrote a letter to the King on the 19th; and the same day received Paget's letter of the 14th, and rejoiced at the news, which some will scant believe. Some say too that Edinburgh and Leith are little worth, but Wotton has shown them out of the chronicles of Jhon Majoris and Hector Boethius, both Scots, that the kings of Scotland have resided in Edinburgh from Froissardes time hitherto, and long before, and that Leith is one of the best haven town in Scotland. Here they are still in hand with the pacification with the Danes. In Lombardy, Granvelle says, the Emperor has now 8,000 Italians newly come, and 3,000 lantzknechtes will shortly join them. Has spoken for the entertainment of the Emperor's men, required by the Council's last letters, and has promise of it both from Granvelle and de Liere. Could not get it turned into French, but De Liere has added in the margin the meaning of each article in French, and subscribed it. De Liere deserves thanks. Has sent the writings to Mr. Lay ton, for the King's Commissioners. Spyre, 22 May 1544.
	Hol., pp. 2. Add. Endd.
22 May.	557. Wotton to Paget.
R. O.	Bearer says that his name is Richard Jackson, born by Hulle, and that he has been these 16 or 17 years in the wars in Italy, Corsica, Tunis, Naples in Romania, where he was taken by Turks a little before the Venetians delivered the town to the Turk, and, then, as captive under Cassynbassha and afterwards under Haradin Bassha, otherwise called Barbarossa. Now of late, by the help of a banished Englishman named Ric. Saire, dwelling in Marseilles, he escaped from Barbarossa and, with great danger, came through France into Switzerland. He says he is a cannoneer "and hath good skill as well to order all great pieces of artillery as also to make fires." He shows a singular affection to his native country and might do the King service; and, therefore, Wotton begs Paget to show the King of him. Spyre, 22 May 1544.
	Hol., p. 1. Add. Endd.
22 May.	558. Chr. Mont to Henry VIII.
R. O. St. P., ix. 678.	Wrote in his last of the general desire for the peace of Germany and settlement of religious controversies. For this the Emperor deputed, as commissioners, the electors Palatine and Brandenburg, Naves and Madrutius who have drafted a form of pacification to which the Protestants have consented; but the Catholics have petitioned the Emperor against it. Encloses both writings. Saxony and Hesse have departed, leaving their commissioners, and there is hope of concord until the future Diet. Of the Emperor's departure and the dissolution of this Diet nothing is certain, but it is thought that the Emperor will leave for Metz immediately after Whitsuntide. Count William a Furstenberg is gone into Luxemburg with 20 standards of foot, and Conrad a Beumelberg will shortly follow with a like number. Of horse the Emperor expects 3,000, and colonels (tribuni equitum) are gone to collect them; but horsemen are unwilling to serve the Emperor, who will not promise to repay their losses. Encloses a writing lately issued by the Protestants in the Brunswick business. Spire, 22 May 1544.
	Lat. Hol., p. 1. Add. Endd.
R. O.	2. Decrees of the Emperor about peace in religious controversies of Germany and the judgment of the Imperial chamber.
	ii. Grievances found by the Catholics in the above decrees.
	Lat. In .Mont's hand, pp. 9. Endd.: Articles of the agreement at Spires a^o 1544.
22 May.	559. Chr. Mont to Paget.
R. O.	The enclosed letter to the King was hurriedly written owing, to the haste of the messenger. Sends salutation to the lord Chancellor, his old patron; and offers of service to Paget's colleague, Dr. Petrus. Spire, 22 May 1544.
	P.S.—The writing about the peace and the judgment is in the form in which it was given to Saxony and Hesse at their departure, and in which they desire this decree to be inserted among the heads of this Diet; but I know not whether this will be done, for the Catholics and the Nuncio strongly oppose it, as you will see by their petition.
	Lat. Hol., p. 1. Add. Endd.
22 May.	560. Edmond Harvel to Henry VIII.
R. O.	Since his last of the 11th the Frenchmen have divulged in all Italy that, on Good Friday, Henry's host was broken by the Scots, with damage of 16,000 men and the death of the earl of Angwich. This was confirmed from Rome, with incredible rejoicing; but, yesterday, Harvel had letters of the 11th from Flanders announcing Henry's fortunable victory against the Scots, which has quenched the impudent lies of the adversaries and stricken them with terror that Henry will now convert his power against France, which cannot sustain the incomparable might of him and the Emperor. Being sure of his success, exhorts him to care, according to the admonition of Virgil, Amat victoria curam. Peter Stroci's army, increased to 10,000 or 12,000 footmen and 400 horses, failing to damage Cremona, has gone "towards Milan, which hath presidye of 5,000 footmen and 500 horses; and the Marquis's person is there with the prince of Salerno, the count Philipo Torniello, and other good captains." Stroci hastens to Piedmont and thence to France. Many have left him "for lack of sold," the French king having no money in Italy and Stroci having hitherto spent his own. Lately arrived in Milan 2,000 footmen sent by the duke of Florence; and 4,000 more are coming from Tuscana, and 3,000 Almains are also marching thither, while Paulo Lusasco makes men of arms and light horse, at double stipend, by the Emperor's commission; so that Imperial things are like to float again in Italy. The Cardinal of Ferare departs to-morrow or next day to Rome, having done nothing with this Signory, who "would be seen to profess neutrality as the Bishop of Rome, granting both states liberty to their subjects to serve whom they will." Barbarossa, for lack of three months' wages, stays to come abroad; so that, evidently, the French king is exhausted of money. French soldiers in Piedmont also complain of their wages. Venice, 22 May 1544.
	Hol., pp. 2. Add. Endd.
23 May.	561. The Expedition against Scotland.
R. O.	Hertford's warrant to Sadler to pay John Dodde, captain of 100 men, 20 days' wages, at 4s. for himself, 2s. for his petty captain, and 6d. each man, from 29 April to 18 May, deducting 33l. 18s. 5½d. for victuals taken out of the King's provision. Newcastle, 23 May 36 Hen. VIII. Signed.
	Signed by Dodde as received the same day.
	P. 1.
R. O.	2. The like for George Holforth, deducting 24l. 16s. 0½d. Received by himself.
	P. 1.
R. O.	3. The like for Sir Leonard Bekwith, deducting 39l. 1s. 11d. Received by Walter Pulleyn.
	P. 1.
R. O.	4. The like for Hugh Starkey, deducting 39l. 2s. 3d. Received by Laur. Wynyngton.
	P. 1.
R. O.	5. The like for Thomas Eton, deducting 34l. 14s. 10d. (date omitted). Received by himself.
	P. 1.
R. O.	6. The like for Sir John Cunstable, provost marshal, captain of 112 men, deducting 48l. 0s. 10d. Received by himself.
	P. 1.
23 May.	562. Wharton to Hertford.
Longleat MS. Hamilton Papers, ii., p. 731.	According to his letters, has this day appointed and set forwards 200 horsemen for the King's service in France under Sir Wm. Musgrave and Thomas Dacre. That they might be the best, took two sundry musters of all horsemen in such places as he, Thos. Dacre and Jack Musgrave (for Sir William) thought best. Encloses a note of all the horsemen in them, showing that heretofore untrue certificates have been made of the numbers of horsemen on these West Borders. After the departure of this 200 there cannot be made in these lordships 100 good horsemen. The 12 Liddisdaillis require more time than the others to take leave of their friends, and, having heard that Wharton's son is to attend his master in this journey, earnestly desire to pass in his company, saying that they have little acquaintance in this realm. Encloses copy of an assignment for payment of coats and conduct which he paid. Carlisle, 23 May.
	Keeps the coats and conduct for the Liddisdaillis until their coming forward.
	Add. (as despatched at 11 p.m.). Endd.: Rec. 24 May.
	ii. Musters taken by lord Wharton of "all the horsemen that could be tried" within the lordships following for service in France under Sir Wm. Musgrave and Thos. Dacre, viz.:—In the barony of Burghe 67, the Grames with Eske and Lewen 50, Buwcastelldalle 36, Gyllyslaund 29, Lanecooste 15, Kyrklynton 10, Skailbie 7, Lynstocke 7, Dalston 8, Quenes Hames 6, Holme 13. Total 248.
	iii. Conduct of 200 horsemen from Carlisle to Dover, 21 score miles, at ½d., 13s. 4d. each; and of 12 horsemen of Ledesdalle 20 miles from Carlisle 14s. 2d. each. Total 141l. 16s. 8d.
	Also Thos. Dacre, captain, at 4d. the mile and two petty captains at 2d. (Sir Wm. Musgrave's conduct money omitted because he is attendant in Court), 10l. 13s. 4d. Coats at 4s., 43l.
	"I wrote to Master Uvedalle" for the above, who allowed only 3s. 4d. for every coat, and therefore abated 7l. 3s. 4d.
23 May.	563. Sir George Douglas to Evers.
Add. MS. 32,654, f. 215. B. M. Hamilton Papers, ii., No. 246.	Received his writing this Thursday (fn. n5) night, mentioning that Thos. Ryppehte, two of the Trowmbulis and Ade Glendyning have taken certain of his servants, coming home. Ryppehte was the writer's household servant but is lately married and dwells in his own house. Will desire him to show favour to Evers' servants. Two of the others are his brother's servants and the third he knows not; but he will likewise speak to them. Was in danger of life, being in prison for the favour he bore to Englishmen while his friends' and his own goods were destroyed by Englishmen, and thus was he "scourged with two rods." Desires to know in writing whether Evers will show his friends favour in this country or not. Vodderburne, 23 May. Signed.
	P. 1. Add.: To the rycht honerable, my lord Varden of the Eiste Marchis off Ingland anent Scotland. Endd.: to the lord Wharton (sic) (fn. n6), 23 May, 1544.
23 May.	564. Sir George Douglas to Hertford.
Add. MS. 32,654, f. 211. B. M. Hamilton Papers, ii., No. 243.	My brother and I both wrote letters to your Lordship at your departing forth of this realm, and my brother's servant showed me that you would write from Berwick; but now I hear that you are departed southward not content with me. I am sorry, for I never offended the King or any in authority under him, and have suffered in Scotland for favouring his affairs; wherefore I humbly desire to know wherein you think I have misused myself, and how you would have me serve. If you would have anything done by means of any great men in this realm I will do my best. Here are friends and servants of mine in the Mers who have been burnt and harried since my being in prison, and the King wrote to me that my hurts should be reformed. I would that your Lordship would write to the warden and officers on the Borders to forbear them until you know the King's further pleasure, and let me know by post what to expect. Vedderbourne, 23 May. Signed.
	P. 1. Add. Endd.: 1544.
23 May.	565. Sir George Douglas to Hertford.
Add. MS. 32,654, f. 213. B. M. Hamilton Papers, ii., No. 245.	Received his writing 23 May, showing that garrison men of Berwick were made prisoners by the writer's servants. If any have so misused themselves they shall be punished, for none of his shall do otherwise than becomes them to any Englishmen. His friends and servants suffered much in the army's return from Lecht to Berrvike, his sister's son lord Hay having town and corn burnt and his poor men of Couldingaym losing all their goods, for he had commanded all who belonged to him not to remove their goods. Doubts not but that Hertford will see them satisfied. Commanded his brother's servants, Adam Glendonning and Vilkein Trowmbulle, to attend the army until past the Peichtis, so as to warn Hertford of any danger. If they have now done hurt to any Englishmen he will deliver them to Hertford for punishment. Vodderburne, 23 May. Signed.
	P. 1. Add. Endd.
23 May.	566. Paget to Henry VIII.
R. O. St. P., ix. 679.	Visited the Regent this morning and declared the progress of Henry's affairs in Scotland, at which she rejoiced. She asked the forwardness of things towards France, so that she might dispose for the assembly of the wagons and limoniers, and the joining of the horsemen and footmen at the Emperor's pay with Henry's army, whom, as already assembled, she would like meanwhile to employ on the frontiers. Told her that things were in order, and that the King's folks would shortly begin to pass the seas, and prayed her to send forth her navy and have the wagons and limoniers ready; and, as the King had desired the Comte de Buren to procure from her that the Emperor's 2,000 horsemen and 2,000 footmen might be, together with Buren's, at Ayre before 20 June, Paget prayed her (in case that day or place were altered) to write of it to the King, and not to disperse the men till she heard again from him, assuring her that she need not doubt the enemies, who, upon news of the arrival of any part of the King's army, would look more to defend themselves than invade others. She said the wagons and limoniers were ready,—and Paget has both seen and heard of her diligence (described) in preparing them. Finally she asked what news out of France, saying that the Ambassador had written of letters between the King and the French king, who had similarly gone about to allure her. Said he had heard of the French king's sending her hawks in order to insinuate a practice, and trusted that she had and would answer as honorably as Henry had done. She then asked what Henry had written, and (as the Ambassador and Duke (fn. n7) there had both seen the letter) he showed it. She commended both the matter and the princely writing, and trusted that Paget would find the Emperor do the like; and, for herself, she would do all she could to continue and increase the amity between Henry and the Emperor. Then, after making two or three particular suits, as restitution of the ship stolen by the Scots and the entreating of English subjects here, and receiving good answer, Paget took leave; and this afternoon takes his journey towards the Emperor with all diligence, although "a man of many others the unmeetest to ride."
	Order should be taken to supplement the ambassador's place here, for this man is not able to stir. "His sickness is the worst kind of a dropsy, whereby all the physicians of this country have determined that he cannot live, but shall very soon and suddenly be brought to his end. The man hath a great heart to serve you and is wonderful loth to die, and yet death appeareth in his face." Bruxelles, 23 May 1544. Signed.
	Pp. 5. Add. Endd.
23 May.	567. Charles V. and Denmark.
R. O.	Treaty between Charles V. and Christian, Elect King of Denmark, and his brothers John, Adolphus and Frederic, concluded by commissioners, viz., Johann Ranzaw and Saundres Bilde, knights, and Peter Schwabe and Caspar Fuchs, for the King, and Nic. Perrenot lord of Granvelle, chief of the Emperor's Council, Johann von Naves, vice-chancellor, and Charles Boisot and Viglius von Zwichem, doctors of laws, for the Emperor.
	Providing that there shall be perpetual peace between them and their realms, and free traffic; that the King shall renounce, in his leagues with the French king (who has brought Turks and Infidels to his aid against the Emperor), all that might prejudice the Emperor and his realms, especially the Low Countries; that the King's countries and the Low Countries shall assist each other; that the King of England shall be included in this peace, and (as the realm of Scotland has moved war against that King who is in closest alliance with the Emperor, and the Scots have committed hostilities against the Low Countries, so that they are held the Emperor's enemies) Denmark shall show no favour to the Scots to the prejudice of their Majesties, but shall not be bound to interdict navigation to the Scots, and the King of England shall be bound within four months to send due ratification to the King Elect of Denmark; similarly the King Elect of Sweden is included, and shall within six months send ratification to the Emperor or Queen Regent; the Master of Livonia is also comprehended on the part of the Emperor, and Margrave Albert of Brandenburg on the part of Denmark; and other matters concerning Denmark, Sweden and the Low Countries are provided for; and the rights of King Christian and his daughters, the Countess Palatine and duchess of Lorraine and Bar, are left untouched.
	Dated at Spires, 23 May 1544. German. Copy certified by Bave, pp. 24. Headed on a flyleaf by Wotton: "The treatye of Dennemarke." Endd.: The treaty between th' Emperor and the king of Denmark in Duche.
R. O.	2. Latin translation of the above.
	Pp. 13. Endd. by Wotton: Th' effect of the treaty in Latyn.
24 May.	568. Albert Bishop.
Harl. MS. 283, f. 375. B. M.	Passport for Albert Bisshopp, who repairs beyond sea to bring 100 horsemen to serve the King. To pass with 4 servants, 3 horses (in lieu of three which he brought hither out of Base Allemaigne) "and other his bags, baggages and necessaries." Greenwich, 24 May 36 Hen. VIII. Signed by Wriothesley, Suffolk, Russell, Lisle, Winchester, Gage, Wyngfeld, Paget and Bakere.
	P. 1. Subscribed: To all mayors, sheriffs, bailiffs, &c.
R. O.	2. Offer of Albrecht Biscop to bring 300 horsemen to the King's service, who shall be at Caleys within a month, provided that the passport of the Emperor and Queen for them can be obtained. Detailing conditions as to pay, etc., upon which they will serve.
	French, pp. 3. Headed: A la Majeste. Endd.: Albert Bisshop.
24 May.	569. The Expedition against Scotland.
R. O.	Hertford's warrant to Sadler to pay Sir Hen. Seyvell, captain of 97 men, 20 days' wages from 29 April to 18 May, himself at 4s., petty captain at 2s. and men at 6d., deducting 38l. 10s. 0½d. for victuals had out of the King's provision. Newcastle, 24 May 36 Hen. VIII. Signed.
	Signed as received by Savell's servant Thos. Gascoigne the same day.
	P. 1.
24 May.	570. Wharton to Hertford.
Longleat MS. Hamilton Papers, ii., p. 733.	Has received his letters of the 23rd inst., signifying that 100 kerne, Irish footmen, will be sent for the defence of these West Borders, and desiring Wharton to take order for placing them and to send an honest man to Newcastle to conduct them. Encloses a schedule for their placing, and has appointed an honest man to be at Newcastle to-morrow night. Would know, "if they offend and otherwise," how to order them. Carlisle, 24 May.
	Add. Endd.
	ii. "The placing of the hundred kerne," viz.:—At Rocliffe 30, at Burghe (1½ miles off) 20, at Drumbeughe (2½ miles thence) 10, at Bowness (1½ mile) 20, and at Hollme (5 miles) 20.
24 May.	571. Adrien de Croy [Sieur de Roeulx] to the Council.
R. O.	Has received their letter in favour of the Sieur de Saint Martin, who, at Mr. Wallop's word, was released immediately after his capture. As for the goods he says that he lost, a good hackney is recovered and delivered to Mr. Halle, and search shall be made for the rest, but it will be difficult to recover as three or four nations were at his taking (including one named Maraud, who, he said, was in your service and therefore was not apprehended, and so escaped before the writer knew that he was no longer in your service). Two of the writer's band were there, "dont lung a tue son compaignon et l'autre sen est enfouy." As for the others, has written to the Sieur de Bugincourt, his lieutenant, who is gone to the Emperor's service, to restore what he can get. St. Martin's house, even, could not be saved from being burnt by your men. St. Tomer, 24 May. Signed.
	French, p. 1. Add. Endd.: 1544.
24 May.	572. Layton to Petre.
R. O.	Mr. Secretary Paget, your colleague, this day departing towards Spiers, informs me that he spoke to Sir Anthony Browne for the Council's licence for 20 tun of beer for my provision here. I now write to Sir Anthony to get it enlarged to 30 or 40 tuns; and I beg your help therein. Mr. Secretary informs me that he has obtained the King's licence for six horses or geldings to be brought hither to me, which licence remains in Mr. Honynge's hands. My servant will repair to you for it. Bruxells, 24 May.
	Has just received the enclosed letters from Broke, out of Holland, showing his provision of hoys; at whose request the writer has obtained the Queen's letters to her officers to safeguard the hoys. Pray show Broke's letter to the Council. Signed.
	P. 1. Add. Sealed. Endd.: 1544.
24 May.	573. Baptiste de La Vigne to Henry VIII.
R. O.	"Sire, ce qui m'a garde de plus tost vous escripre a se que jactendois tousjours l'fomme que vostru majeste avoit promis menvoyer, ce que je desiroys Men fort, pour ne mectre ne moy ne mes amys en danger si grant que ou je suis tombe a mon retour, aiant este longuemet arreste par le maraschal du Bies, non sans grant peril de ma vye, toutesgois (sic), Dieu mercy j'en suys eschappe; et, moyant (sic) que vostre homme ne vonot (sic) point, lamour que je vous porte ma contrainct vous envoyer cestuy mien amy et serviteur fidelle pour vous advertir de tout ce que jay peu aprendre depuys que je suys icy. Quant a cerfy (fn. n8) il est aussi gaillard et aussi sain que je le viz jamais, vous advertissant que ceste bataille quil a gaignee a Carignan fait bien leschses de deca plus gaillardes quelles nestoient auparavant, toutesfois, a ce que lon dit, ilz ne se veullent que deffendre pour ceste annee. On fait toute la dilligence quil est possible de mectre vivres et municions dedas les plates dela frontiere, et que celles qui sont devers vostre frontiere de Calais, ou il i en avoit bien peu quant jalay devers vous, en sont a ceste heure fournies pour ung an, ainsi quilz dosent (sic); ce que je ne puys croyre. A les mectre ainsi par le menu comme ilz font je me trouve souvent a lassalle la ou le Roy mangeue et ay entendu de luy mesmes quil espere si bien pourveoir a ses affaires que ses ennemys ne luy feront riens. Il est bien vray quil ne saict pas tout ce que je say, car il dit que vous vous tepentez (sic) de luy avoir commancee la guerre, et que l'Empereur vous a trompe de le vous persuader, quil ne croit point que vous luy voullez mal, et que tout cella vient de la fraude dudit Empereur, qui cest vante en Allemaigne et en Ytalie quil vous a fait croyre ce quil a voullu, et dit tout hault quil faisoit faire la guerre a son ennemy par ung autre qui ne l'est gueres moins, tenant ces propos pour sescuser envers le Pape, qui nest pas contant de ce quil est allye avecq vostre Mageste; comme il monstre bien, car il a desja commace a fournir une grosse somme de deniers a ce Roy pour se defendre contre vous et banquiers a Lyon pour y contribuer tous les moys. Tous les matins ce Roy parle une heure avecques son conseil, et puys sen va aux champs, a la chasse et a son plaisir. Cependant sondit consel donne ordre a toutes, et vous prometz quil est merveilleusemet bien servy et dilligemment, et a son retour dela chasse, tous les soirs, ilz luy rendent compte de ce qui a estq (sic) fait le jour. Il a messieurs ses ensfans qui ne se meslent gueres des affaires, mais ilz nactendent autre chose que l'occasion pour marcher en pays, et semble quilz ne demandent que la guerre. Madame d'Estampes est tousjours en credit et en grace. Monsieur l'Amyral est le facteur du Roy et celluy auquel il commande toutes choses. Ceste France est tant preste et deliberee de recevoir ses ennemys que ces une chose strange de veoir leur presumpcion depuys ceste batalle gaignee par les Francoys seullement, comme ilz disent et bravoient, disans puys que les Francoys battent ainsi les lansquenetz quilz ont assez de telz Francoys pour en tenir bouchrye siz semectent enjeu. Sy Dieu eust voullu quilz Veussent perdue voz entreprises neussent peu faillir a bien succeder, mais les choses ne seront pas a ceste heure si facilles. Jay esperance de vous faire de grans services quant vous serez en campaigne, d'autant que jauray myeulx la commodite de vous advertir que je nay pan, a case des dangiers qui sont si grans; et vous supplye, sire, de deux choses; lune qu'il vous plaise faire donner ordre que ce porteur, nomme Jehan Alberge, duquel vous pourrez entendre toutes particularitez, dont je lay bien infor[m]e et les luy ay bailie par escript, me soit renvoye seurement; et lautre, cognoissat bien que vostre Mageste et ce Roy icy navez pas mauvaise volunte l'un envers lautre, que si vous veniez daventure a vous accorder que, por l'honneur de Dieu, il ne soit jamais mencion de moy, et que, puysque je vous donne ma vye et la metz en tel danger pour vous, quil vous plaise me la garder, priat Dieu, sire, vous donner treseure prosperite et sante. Escript le vingt quatreiese jour de May. Vostre humble serviter Baptiste de la Vigne."
	In ciplier, pp. 3. Add. (in cipher): Au Roy d'Angleterre. Endd.: La Vigne.
R. O.	2. Information about the passage of the river Somme at Braye, the fortification of Arques and Dieppe, the loyalty of Rouen, the preparations in Normandy against an English invasion, and the, strength of Picardy and Bordeaux. The French king thinks that the English can do most harm with their money, but he esteems them good fighters. The King says that he will send against the Emperor the Dauphin and Admiral Dannebault (with forces specified) and to Picardy Marshal du Biez, "qui est ung diabl[e]," and Mons. de St. Pol. with Mons. de Vendosme (and forces specified). The King himself remains between the two camps, with his Swiss and other forces (specified), ready to succour either. It is said that the Duke of Orleans will pass into Italy. The writer frequents the cardinal of Tournon's house, where the Council of Finances is held, and has learnt that money does not come in so well as usual; however, there will be no lack, for, besides the assured revenue, the towns have granted the pay of 50,000 footmen for four months, since increased to six months. It is said that the Cardinal of Ferrara was lately sent into Italy to conclude a league with the bp. of Rome, the Venetians, and other potentates. A junction of the English with the Emperor's army is feared; for singly they could be successively defeated. "J'ay entendu que les Suisses ont accorde de secourir ce roy de tout ce quilz pourront, et a este le malheur si grant que, encores quel deux meilleurs quentons que l'Empereur avoit gaignez ayent faict ce quilz ont peu pour divertir les autres de l'amitie quilz ont avec le Roy, ilz ne leur a este possible d'y riens faire, et y a grandement servy ceste bataille de Pietmont. (fn. n9)
	"Je nay sceu scavoir ou est l'armee des Turcs, mais il court ung bruict icy quil leur vient encores cinquante ou soixante galleires de renfort, que je ne croy pas; si esse que ces Francois tiennent ceste mer de dela bien seure pour eulx, car ilz font venir de deça quatre grandes galleasses qui estoient a Marseille, et cinq naufz grosses pour se joindre a leu armee de deça, qui ne pourra e tout de plus de vint cinq gros vaisseaulx, entre lesquelz jay veu au Havre de Grace deux gallaires, deux carracons et quelques autres gros navires, a Honnefieur deux autres gallions et je ne scay quelz autres grans vaisseaulx. Pour ce que je ne me congnois gueres en ces choses de marine, je ne vous en diray autre chose.
	"Sy ay je bien sceu d'un mien qui scait des affaires de ce royaume que lon faict secretement armer et tenir prestz beaucoup de navires en Normandie et Bretaigne pour sorair (sic, for sortir) avec les dictz gros vaisseauz; et celluy qui conduict cela en Normandie es le cappitaine de Dieppe, dont je ne scay le nom, soub umbre dune lettre de marque quil diet avoir contre le[s] Portugais.
	"Il nest icy nouvelles de demander paix, de quelque c[o]ste que ce soit; de quoy je ne me puis assez esbahir, veu les travaulx quilz ont portez et la grande despense quileur fault faire ordinairement; et mesmerveille dou largent peult venir, mais ce peuple est si obeiasant que lon en tire ce que lon en vault et du corps et des biens.
	"Je ne voy riens tant a craindre que la noblesse qu[i]y est en grande abondance et fort aguerrie.
	"Jay seen comme lon a depesch[e] le [pa]yement de cinquante huict enleignes (sic) de lansquenetz soubz huict coronelz dont je ne scay les noms, et la on envoye par divers endroictz.
	"Il court aussi ung bruict que larmee que le conte de la Mirandolle, le sieur Pierre Stossy et le conte Petillanne aroient levee en Italie, qui sont environ dix huict mil hommes, est b[i]en pres de Millan et est venu nouvelles en ceste cou[rte]."
	French. In the same cipher as the preceeding, pp. 4.
R. O.	3. Contemporary and not very correct decipher of § 2.
	Pp. 6.
25 May.	574. Lord Parre and Lord Russell.
R. O.	Copy of letters patent to Sir Win. Parre of the custody of Rockingham castle, Ntht., &c., 17 June 15 Hen. VIII., and of the note that their inrolment is void because the said Sir William, by the name of Sir Wm. Parre, lord Parre of Horton, on 25 May, 36 Hen. VIII., surrendered the patent, in order that the offices might be granted to Sir John lord Russell, keeper of the Privy Seal.
	Lat. Large paper written on one side only, pp. 9.
25 May.	575. Hertford and Others to Henry VIII.
Add. MS.32, 654, f. 207. B. M. Hamilton Papers, ii., No. 244.	By the Council's letter of 22 May understands that the King thanks him (fn. n10) for his service here. Thanks the King for past benefits, and for charging him with the conduct of this enterprise, now honorably achieved; and protests devotion. Had already travailed with lord Maxwell to know why "they" have in no point performed their promise, and upon receipt of the said letters tried again, but "can pick nothing out of him to any purpose," he still pretending that their imprisonment was for their good will to Henry's cause and their failure due to the subtle working of the Cardinal and fickleness of the Governor, and to Argyle, Huntley, Bothwell, Fleming and the kirkmen. He denies that Henry's pretended friends used any fraud, and says that he was in danger of his life if Henry's army had not now come into Scotland, which alone relieved him, Angus and Sir George Douglas out of prison. He was present when Angus received a letter from Sir George, earnestly persuading him to come to Hertford, and thinks that Angus would have gone, but for the advice of Donlaneryke (who was also present) not so to dishonor himself and destroy his country. Maxwell lays great default to Donlaneryke. Induced Maxwell to write as of himself to Angus to come hither, which Maxwell thinks he will do. A servant of Brunstone's, bringing letters today from his master, says that Sir George will be tonight or tomorrow at Berwick. Has written to Evers to send him hither, and will send up both him and Angus; also Maxwell, who desires now to be sworn Henry's servant and offers to deliver Loughmaban upon conditions (schedule enclosed). Thinks he seeks rather to get free into Scotland than to deliver Loughmaban, for the delivery of which he will not give his eldest son in hostage, but only his second son, who, he says, can spend as much yearly as the eldest. Henry has experienced how little they esteem their hostages; and the recompense asked seems great for so small a thing as Lowghmaban, which Hertford does not know to be tenable.
	The 400 kerne out of Ireland are arrived, and are very unruly. They desire to lie together, but it is thought best to appoint 100 of them to the West Marches and the rest to the East and Middle. Their weapons are swords and darts—not past 40 can shoot in hackbuts; but it is intended to teach 100 of them shortly. Of the 500 hackbuttiers embarked at Holy Island for France 60 came a-land again, because of a leakage in one of the ships. As it is too late for them to go by land, Hertford will pick 40 hackbuttiers of this country to make up 100 for the garrison, in lieu of as many horsemen who are too meanly horsed to serve; for hackbuttiers have only footmen's wages "and be more dread a great deal of the Scottish borderers, which love no guns ne will abide within the hearing of the same." Before the letters ordering the stay of 100 of the horsemen of the West Marches and all the footmen appointed to serve in France, the said horsemen and also 50 of the footmen out of Tyndale and Ryddesdale were gone and could not be stayed. In lieu of them, have stayed 100 of the 200 horsemen of the East and Middle Marches, who, being with Hertford in Scotland, could not be so soon ready. The other 100 depart hence tomorrow towards Dover. Considering that the East and Middle Marches are far weaker than the West, this serves better.
	Enclose letters to Hertford from Evers, Wharton and Sir George Douglas. Ask Henry's pleasure about Douglas's desire of assurance for his friends.
	According to the aforesaid letters from the Council for the stay of the earl of Shrowesburye here, to be participant of Henry's affairs and the better able to serve if required, Hertford has sent for him to return. Newcastle, 25 May. Signed by Hertford, Durham, Llandaff and Sadler.
	Pp. 6. Add. Endd.: 1544.
Longleat MS.	2. Original draft of the above in Sadler's hand, noted in Hamilton Papers, II. p. 734.
25 May.	576. William Lord Eure to Hertford.
Hatfield MS. 231, No. 12. [Cal. of Cecil MSS., Pt. i. 165.]	Has received his letter for assurance to be given to servants, friends, and tenants of Sir Geo. Douglas. Begs him to write to Douglas to give in their names, "with their landes, townes, and steids," for in times past all those of the East end of the Marse who sustained any loss by Englishmen were his friends, to get redress; but when they did hurt to Englishmen he "refused them, and said they were not at his commandment." As to Lyddisdaile and Tyvidaile taking pride "of the spoils they have done in th'Este Marches of England," the worst spoils were by them of the Marse, "who I trust be the particular assurance be granted shall prove many of them that Sir Geo. Douglas taketh for his servants and friends." Nevertheless, till he hears further, will command stay to be made anempst all except the servants of Lord Hume, "who is far west in the Marse joining against Wark and thereabouts." Berwick, 25 May. Signed.
	P. 1. Flyleaf with address lost. Headed in a later hand; To therle of Hertforde.
25 May.	577. Wharton to Hertford.
Longleat MS. Hamilton Papers, ii., No. 734.	I have received a letter (herewith) from Robert Maxwell to the effect of his other letter which I sent your Lordship for a safe-conduct to send his father clothes, money, &c. I send him no answer until I receive your commandment.
	Learns tonight that Lynouxe and Arrenne continue in variance, and that Lynouxe has put 2,000 men in wages and Cassillis has taken possession of the abbey of Glenclouse and put out the abbot. Carlisle, 25 May.
	Add. (as despatched at 11 p.m.). Endd.: Rec. 26 May.
25 May.	578. The Queen of Hungary to Chapuys.
R. O. [Spanish Calendar, vii. 109.]	After receipt of Chapuys' letters of the 18th inst., and before the arrival of those of the 17th, came hither Mr. Paget, one of the first secretaries of the King of England, who, upon letters of credence, thanked her for her solicitude in the King's affairs and held the language shown in the summary herewith. Gave him the best words she could, and has since sent to explain to him the imprisonment of the Count of Boneface, who was arrested here wearing, secretly, the scarf (escharpe) of the king of France—a capital offence, as men of war say; nevertheless, to please the King of England, she would willingly have released him were it not that when in prison he threatened to revenge himself. Also, sent answer that as to his complaint that English merchants were compelled to declare upon oath what goods they passed, inasmuch as, by the intercourse, goods may be searched or oath taken, it was done to give least trouble and they ought not to complain when they were made judge of their own affair; otherwise the said search must be made, which would grieve them more.
	As to what Chapuys writes in his letters of the 18th, the Emperor will do it. (fn. n11)
	Two days ago came one (fn. n12) who calls himself the King's Commissioner and seeks in Antwerp to raise (faire finance) for the King 100,000 ducats monthly—to the Queen's surprise, as she knows the King to be furnished with money. If the King were thus to raise money here it would much impede the Emperor's affairs, who cannot bring money from Spain without risk, whereas the King can safely conduct money from England; here also a great part of the aids accorded have to be raised par finance, as they are not paid so promptly as needed. Chapuys shall hearken whether the King has given the commission, lest others raise money under his name, and, if it be so, tell him graciously that she desires nothing so much as that he might here get all he needs, provided the Emperor's affairs are not impeded thereby, but that, for the aforesaid reasons, the levying of money here would much hinder them, and she would pray him to levy it in his own realm.
	Fr. Modern transcript of the original draft at Vienna, pp. 2. Original headed A l'ambassadeur Chapuis en Engleterre, du xxv^e de May 1544.
R. O. [Spanish Calendar, vii. 108.]	2. Summary of what the Secretary of England said to the Queen (fn. n13), 23 May 1544.
	First, he made recommendations, and thanks for diligence in behalf of the King's army, as well about wagons as otherwise.
	Secondly, he was charged to tell her the news of Scotland, if she desired to hear the particulars. To which she answered that she had heard them and they were so agreeable to her that she could not be surfeited therewith and would gladly hear him. He then declared the news, adding that they had razed the towns of Denbourg and Lith, made booty of over 300,000 fl. and would see to the taking of certain forts to be kept, if tenable, or else razed. They had made such waste that next year the King would easily conquer Scotland; and if the king of France or of Denmark sent thither they would find no victuals. The Queen, in praising the enterprise, said she hoped that after the good success in Scotland the King would do no less an exploit in France and, as the season was advancing, she desired to know when the King's army would pass thither. He answered that, although he had no charge therein, he reckoned that the vanguard would pass at the end of this month and beginning of next, and the rest would follow forthwith; but it would be 20 June before all could be at Ayre. Whereupon the Queen said that the horse and foot which should join the King's army were ready and marching, and she desired to know the day fixed for their joining the English; and the Secretary answered that he would advertise the King thereof.
	The Secretary also said that he thought the Queen had heard that the king of France had sent wines to the King of England. She answered yes, and the French were boasting of it and saying that they had great intelligence in England. Whereupon he said that the French did as they were wont, giving out that others have asked what they themselves put forward; for the king of France had since written thanking the King for the honorable language held to him who presented the wines "pour tenir amitie avec luy, etc." The King of England had answered that he was surprised at this pretence of amity after his exploits in the Boulognois (and he hoped shortly to do greater); and that his answer to the man who brought the wines was for the offer made on the part of the king of France, who deceived himself if he thought to put jealousy between the Emperor and him, and who, if he wished amity, must first renounce the alliance of the Turk and satisfy the claims of Christendom, the Emperor and him. And the Secretary showed the original letter of the king of France and the copy of the King's answer.
	Afterwards the Secretary said that he had certain private affairs, viz:—
	1. Touching the Count of Sante Bonefacio, prisoner at Repelmonde, whom he had gained in France and brought to the King of England's service, and who was taken in Luxemburg, and long kept prisoner although the King had both written of it and "fait parler par le Viceroy le Sieur de Chantonnay." The Queen said that she would speak with those who knew of the affair.
	2. The merchants of England had long sued for exemption from the centiesme, which they had not yet been able to obtain; and they were compelled to swear what merchandise they carried. To this the Queen answered that they could not refuse the oath not to commit fraud— indeed she understood that, by the treaties, their merchandise might be searched as ours was in England. The Secretary replied that the custom of England was to search merchandise, but that was not observed here; and that the last ambassador (fn. n14) had given an article upon which no answer was made. Finally the Queen told him that she would enquire of it and send him her answer.
	3. He could not obtain the decision of the Chancery of Brabant in the process of Piedtewelle. (fn. n15)
	4. About Ypre a young man (ung jeusne filz), the King's servant, had a quarrel with a priest who spoke ill of the King. The priest had therefore denounced him to justice as a Lutheran, and he was summoned but could not appear on account of the King's service. The Secretary required that his contumacy should not prejudice him, and that "le diable" should be chastised. The Queen said that the adjourné should deliver his request and she would see to it; and also she would enquire the words of the priest and chastise him if he had said anything dishonorable of the King.
	5. He asked what was done about the recompense of the English whose ship was taken by the Scots before La Vere. The Queen answered that she had declared to the Scots that they should recompense the English, otherwise she would deliver them and their goods to the English. He did not seem satisfied, but wished her to make the recompense and take the goods of the Scots.
	Fr. Modem transcript from Vienna, pp. 4. The heading in cipher. Original endd.: Pourl'Empereur.
25 May.	579. William Layton to Petre.
R. O.	His brother is visited with such extreme sickness that he cannot continue long in this world, and therefore the King might supply his part here. The Queen's commissioners that prested the wagons call for money for the wagoners and a day to be limited for their going forward. Begs that someone may be sent for this. Will keep Petre advertised of his brother's estate. Bruxells, 25 May at 8 p.m., 1544. Signed.
	P.S.—Pray let bearer be the first post this way, for "considerations depending upon his answer given in commission at this journey,"
	P. 1. Add. Sealed. Endd.
	580. The Council to the Comte de Buren.
R. O.	The King commands them to write that if he can furnish 300 or 400 horsemen beyond the 500 whom he has already prepared they will be received. Beg him to use all diligence that these 300 or 400 may be at Ayre with the rest.
	French. Draft in Mason's hand, p. 1. Endd.: Mynute to Monsr. de Buren.
25 May.	581. Maximilian d'Egmont [Comte de Buren] to the Council.
R. O.	Has received their letter informing him that the King desires him to furnish 300 or 400 horsemen besides those he was to have ready, provided that they may be at Aire with the rest. Will do his best to get them, but can give no assurance, as the time is so short. Desires to know, if he finds them, where he will receive money for them. For the rest there shall be no fault; although some of the horsemen played him a bad turn, for, when they were ready to march, certain princes of Germany, whose subjects they were, forbade them to go anywhere. Boisleduc, 25 May 1544. Signed.
	French, p. 1. Add.: A messeigneurs, Mess^rs Cancel., duc de Norfoc, duc de Suffoc, Mons^r Russell et autres s^rs soubscriptz en [leu]rd. l're. Endd.
25 May.	582. Maximilian d'Egmont [Comte de Buren] to Thomas Chamberlain.
R. O.	I was astonished not to find you here at the day you said, and sent everywhere after you. Last night came your letter reporting that you were on the way, and that I should entertain the footmen. I can no longer entertain them, for they have been here full twelve days already, "mengeant le bon homme"; and I have begun the muster, or they would have left. You must hasten to be here tomorrow morning with the money, or I know not what to do, for I have already prested much of mine. Boisleduc, 25 May 1544. Signed.
	French, p. 1. Add.: Au S^r Thomas Chamberlin, commissaire du Roy d'Engleterre. Sealed. Endd.
	583. The German Mercenaries.
R. O.	"Hereafter followeth the parcels of money received by me, Thomas Chamberlein, at the hands of Mr. Freman, by virtue of ij warrants of the King's Majesty's for xij^ml. st. and ix^el. st., for the payment of one month's wages aforehand to certain soldiers High and Base Almaines, a horseback and afoot, levied by Mons. de Bueren, Landenbergh and Lightmaker," viz.:—
	Received in angels of 8s. st. 6,181l., "which I shall not pay" for above 3 guilderens of 20 "st." (stivers?) which is 7s. 6d., "so that the King's Majesty shall lose 6d. st. in every angel." By exchange with Ant. Bonvice, Bart. Campanio and Thos. Cavicanti and Vivaldi 4,000l. st. at 26s. Fl., whereby is lost 8d. Fl. in 1l. st. Mr. Vaughan made by exchange with the Mayor and Mr. Locke 300l. st. at 26s. 4d. FL, whereby is lost 4d. Fl. in 1l. st. Received by Mr. Freman in ducats and crowns de sol 2,419l., "whereby I think will be no loss.' Total 12,900l. st.
	In Chamberlein's hand, p. 1. Endd.. A note of 12,900l. received by Thomas Chamberlayn.
R. O.	2. List of the following names:—"[Sir Henry Knyvet, Mr. Hobbye,] (fn. n16) Sir Thomas Palmer, Rafe Phane, [Fraunces Haull,]^* Richard Wynybank, Stephen Vaughan, Thomas Chamberlayn, Edward Vaughan"; with the names Palmer, Vane and Chamberlayn repeated and bracketed with the words "Monsr. de Buren and Lythmaker"; and likewise those of the Vaughans and Wynybank with "Landeburg."
	In Paget's hand, p. 1. Endd.: Names of the commissioners which take musters of the Almaynes.