Henry VIII: March 1544, 21-25 | British History Online

Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic, Henry VIII, Volume 19 Part 1, January-July 1544. Originally published by His Majesty's Stationery Office, London, 1903.

Citation:

'Henry VIII: March 1544, 21-25', in Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic, Henry VIII, Volume 19 Part 1, January-July 1544, ed. James Gairdner, R H Brodie( London, 1903), British History Online https://prod.british-history.ac.uk/letters-papers-hen8/vol19/no1/pp122-141 [accessed 16 November 2024].

March 1544, 21-28



21 March.	225. Henry VIII. to Angus.
Hatfield MS. 231, No. 114. Haynes' St. Papers, 19. [Cal. of Cecil MSS. Pt. i., 134.]	Where he and other friends there have requested forthwith a main army to be sent into Scotland for their relief, the answer will be partly reported by the King's chaplain Mr. Penven and Thos. Bishop, Lynoux's secretary. Reminds him how he is bound by the Kings goodness ever since the beginning of their acquaintance, and by his promises, which have hitherto taken no effect through his suffering himself to be seduced with fair words. If he had used his enemies when he had them at advantage as they now use him and his, he would not have been driven to the point he is now at, nor the King put to such charges as he has been, and still intends to be, if Angus and others will agree to the "reasonable things" required for the assurance of their service to the King. Urges him to play the man, and not be overcome with delicateness at this time when he should bestir himself for the preservation of his honor and credit. Requires him to answer this and [and also "our common letter" and the representations of Penven and Bishop, with all speed] (fn. n1) send with all speed the persons who shall meet the King's commissioners at Carlisle.
	No date. Draft, pp. 2. Headed in a later hand: To therle of Lynouxe (sic).
Add. MS. 32,654, f. 42. B. M.	2. Draft of the above, noted in Hamilton Papers, II., No. 191.
	Pp. 2. Endd.: Mynute from the King's majesty to th'erle of Anguishe, xxj^o Martii 1543.
21 March.	226. Henry VIII. to Angus, Cassillis and Glencairn.
Hatfield MS. 231, No. 113. Haynes' St. Papers, 20. [Cal. of Cecil MSS. Pt. i., 135.]	Received their letter by bearer, his chaplain Mr. Penven, and heard the credence they committed to him and Lynouxe's secretary, showing their desire to have a main army sent for their relief. Albeit, hitherto, their proceedings have been such that he cannot easily be induced to any further charge on their desires, or by their devices; upon the report that they will earnestly redubb their past negligence, has, by bearer, sent an answer that will satisfy them. Westm., ——— (blank) March.
	Copy, p. 1. Headed: By the King: also, in a later hand "xj^th." Endd.: To therles of Anguishe, Casselz and Glencarn.
Add. MS. 32,654, f. 44. B. M.	2. Draft of the above, noted in Hamilton Papers, II. No. 192.
	In Wriothesley's hand, pp. 3. Endd.: "Mynute," &c., "xxj^o Martii 1543."
21 March.	227. The Privy Council to Hertford, Tunstall and Sadler.
Hatfield MS. 231, No. 51, Haynes' St. Papers, 16. [Cal. of Cecil MSS. Pt. i., 118.]	The King, thinking it necessary to have some Border horsemen with him in France, requires Hertford to signify to the Warden of the West Marches that he will have 200 of the best horsemen there, of which Sir Wm. Musgrave shall levy and lead 25 out of Beaucastle, 25 out of the Debateable Ground, 25 out of Holme abbey lands and 25 out of his own, and the rest shall be led and levied by Thos. or Ric. of Dacre out of Gillesland, Brough barony, and elsewhere as the Warden thinks convenient. The Warden is to help them forward. Hertford shall write to the Warden of the Middle Marches to signify how many can be spared out of Tyndale and Ryddesdall, and who should lead them. As divers Scotsmen, who have laid hostages and done exploits against the King's enemies in Scotland, offer to serve anywhere, Wharton is to be required to provide, if he can, 150 of them to serve the King in France. Beg him to let the King know with diligence what can be done herein. Where Hertford desired, by letter, that Sadler might go with him into Scotland, the King is content that he shall go, notwithstanding the former determination. Enclose letters (copies herewith) to lords Maxwell and Flemyng for their re-entries. Of the Scottish prisoners who have entered and shall shortly enter, those most able to do hurt or good are to be detained, and the rest sent home upon the usual assurance. Linoux's secretary and Penven are despatched with letters (copies enclosed) and further answer, upon their sundry discourses with the King, that Mr. Bowes shall be sent after them to Carlisle to join with Wharton in commission to conclude, with commissioners of the "said earls," upon certain points; of which points, when they are determined, Hertford shall have a copy. As Robert Maxwell, when summoned to come in, answered that he was not bound to come unless his father refused, in which case he would render himself within 12 days; if lord Maxwell come not by his day appointed in the King's letter, Wharton should call Robert Maxwell. Hertford shall license Penven and Linoux's secretary to buy and take into Scotland two horses for their own use. Westm., 21 March 1543. Signed by Norfolk, Suffolk, Russell, St. John, Wriothesley, Cheyne, Paget and Baker.
	Pp. 5. Add. Endd.: Rec xxiij^tio Marcii, at midnight.
Add. MS. 32,654, f. 46. B. M.	2. Draft of the above, noted in Hamilton Papers, II., No. 193.
	With corrections in Paget's hand, pp. 3. Endd.
21 March.	228. Hertford and Sadler to Henry VIII.
Add. MS. 32,654, f. 52. B. M. Hamilton Papers, ii, No. 195.	Richmond herald has just arrived out of Scotland with a slender answer which the writers remit to his declaration, who will arrive shortly after these letters. He learnt that the Patriarch, the French ambassador, Sir John Cambell and David Panter are secretly going in embassade to the French king, and will depart from Legh, in the Lion, with the first wind. It is whispered that the Cardinal will slip away with them and convey Sir George Douglas into France. Ships come daily out of France into Scotland, and the Frenchmen brag, in Legh, that they always know where the King's ships lie and can pass them in the night without danger. Write this in order that the navy may be warned; for this Scottish ship called the Lion is too good a booty to be lost. A brother of David Symple, who was long in England, is newly come from France, and told Richmond that the French king has 50 sail ready to send to Scotland and Ireland with men, money and great ordnance, so that the King may not "be able to abide long in France this year." Also that the French king fortifies his towns and will not show himself in the fields, and that the chancellor of France is executed (fn. n2) and Hanyball made high admiral. Richmond (by whom it will be seen that the Cardinal and lords of Scotland "are grown into a great pride") says that Maxwell has undertaken to bring Angus to the Governor's devotion, and is gone with the bp. of Orkney to Angus; with other news similar to Sandy Pryngle's. Newcastle, 21 March. Signed.
	P. S.—Richmond said that Brunstone came privily to Henry Ray in Edinburgh and has written the letters herewith to the King.
	In Sadler's hand, pp. 3. Add. Sealed. Endd.: 1543.
	229. Richmond Herald to the Council at Stirling.
Balcarres MS. Adv. Lib.Edin. i. 8.^*	Demanding the redelivery of the Scotch prisoners released upon parole, viz., the earls of Cassillis and Glencairn, lords Somervile, Maxwell, Graye, Olyvant, and Flemming, Oliver St. Clere, George Hume lord of Hayton, Rob Erskyn, s. and h. to lord Erskyn, Will. Seton, Patrick Heyborn, Jas. Pringle, Jas. St. Clere, Alex. St. Clere, John Matlande lord of Awencastle, Hen. Maxwell brother to lord Maxwell, John Rosse lord of Cragy, the lord Mounkreth, Will. Mounteth lord of Carsy, John Lisle, younger son to the earl of Rothers, John Carmighell eldest son to the Captain of Craford. In the event of noncompliance the King will revenge it, not only on their pledges in England, but on all persons of this realm who shall come into his hands.
	Pp. 3. Endd.: Copy of the King of Ingland's charge gevin to his herald namit Richemond, schewin to the lordis of the Consale of Scotland at Sterling.
21 March.	230. Paget to Hertford.
Hatfield MS. 231, No. 74. Haynes' St. Papers, 15. [Cal. of Cecil MSS. Pt. i, 117.]1544.	Yesterday the Lord Admiral took leave of the King, and, this day, departs towards Harwich. All the ships in the Thames, also, this day, "avale outward." Prays God to send Hertford and them all good speed. Fears the long treaty they are now beginning to enter with Angus and the rest (which Hertford will learn from the secretary (fn. n3) and the priest (fn. n4) ) will keep them from doing any good to Hertford in Scotland. Prays God to keep them from doing hurt.
	Continued in Paget's own hand.— Sends the great book of the musters; and begs him to send the names of the lords that go with him in this journey. Westm., 21 March 6 p.m., 1543.
	P.S.—Commendations to Sadler. Your licence is signed; but not your letter, for the King liked not the form I devised, and I fear you will not like his Majesty's device. (fn. n5)
	P. 1. Flyleaf with address lost. Headed in a later hand: To therle of Hertforde.
21 March.	231. Hertford to Henry VIII.
Add. MS. 32,654, f. 48. B. M. Hamilton Papers, ii., No. 194.	Thinks the King's device very good, that where raids and burnings are made, bills should be set on the church doors or other notable places, purporting "they might thank their Cardinal therefor." Has taken the occasion to draw the proclamation sent herewith, for the King to alter and annihilate it as seems good; intending to publish it when he is in Scotland, so that the falsehood of the Governor and Cardinal may appear and the King's friends more willingly declare themselves and induce others to the King's purpose. Begs the King to accept it in good part. Newcastle, 21 March.
	Hol. pp. 2. Add. Sealed. Endd: 1543.
Ib. f. 49.	2. Proclamation to be made in Scotland that whereas divers of the nobility, being the King's prisoners, humbly sued that he would extend pity to the young Queen, his pronept, and marry her to the Prince, so that the realms might be united and live in peace for ever, the King, notwithstanding his just title to Scotland, was content to hear their suit, provided that their estates would, by act of Parliament, authorise some to conclude it. This was done and the marriage concluded, and oath taken to it by "the earl of Arrain, your Governor as ye call him"; and yet, by the crafty and devilish mean of the Cardinal and his complices, that godly purpose has been altered so that all this realm has cause to curse the hinderers of it. Considering that those pacts are not kept and that his pronept is in peril from the discords here, the King, as her next kinsman, has sent "me the earl of Hertford" with his army royal to require the delivery of her, safely to be kept within this realm until the marriage. All who refuse this shall be persecuted with fire and sword, and those who agree, and deliver good hostages, shall be taken to Hertford's protection, who promises, in the King's name, that they shall enjoy the "liberty and freedom of this realm," with all their possessions, as amply as they now do.
	In Hertford's hand, pp. 3.
Ib. f. 58.	3. An earlier draft of § 2, also in Hertford's hand, with slight alterations in Paget's hand. Noted in Hamilton Papers, II., No. 197 (1).
	Pp. 3.
21 March.	232. Flemish Shipping.
Royal MS. 13 B. i., f. 297b. B. M.	Depositions taken by the burgomaster, etc., of Middelburg showing that a ship called the Pelican of Arnemuda (Jas. Martin, master) was robbed, off Leystof in England, by four French ships of war, which afterwards left it and sailed for Boulogne with the deponents. Made 21 March 1543.
	Lat. Copy, pp. 2.
25 March.	242. Hertford, Tunstall and Sadler to the Council.
Add. MS. 32,654. f. 54. B. M. Hamilton Papers, ii., No. 196.	In pursuance of the Council's letters of the 21st, have written to Wharton and Sir Ralph Evre, warden of the Middle Marches, to put ready the Border horsemen, both English and Scots, and doubtless, the King will receive answer thereof to his satisfaction.
	Enclose advertisements received from lord Evre, Sir Ralph Evre and Sandy Pringle. Newcastle, 25 March. Signed.
	In Sadler's hand, p. 1. Add. Sealed. Endd.: 1543.
Hatfield MS. 231, No. 75.	2. Draft of the preceding.
	P. 1. In Sadler's hand. See Calendar of Cecil MSS., Pt. I., 124.
26 March.	243. The King's Party in Scotland.
	Commission to Wharton and Bowes. See 17 May 1544.
R. O.St. P., v. 361.(Almost thewhole text.)	2. First Instructions for Wharton and Bowes.
	Whereas the earls of Lynoux, Anguish, Casselz and Glencarn have addressed to us (altered from "his Majesty") Mr. Penven, one of our (altered from "his Majesty's") chaplains, and Mr. Thomas Bisshop, Lynoux's secretary, with letters of credence, who have declared their imminent danger from the force which the Cardinal and the earl of Arren prepare against them, beseeching us, at whose only hand they can hope for help, to send a main army for their relief, (fn. n6) offering to join with it and serve without respect to any former covenant by Lynoux with the French king (Lynoux promising, by his secretary, to accept no offer hereafter by the French king, but be ruled always by our advice); albeit the thing they require could not be done without great charges, and the time of year is not propitious, and we have had cause to be dissuaded herein by the slackness of some heretofore, we are content to hear their suit and therefore send down to Carlisle Sir Robert Bowes, ordinary master of our Requests, to join with Lord Wharton, &c. (warden of our West Marches in § 2), as our two commissioners to agree there with such as the said earls shall send upon such articles as we shall propose.
	Bowes shall therefore, with those instructions and the writings prepared for this journey, repair in post to the "said warden," to whom he shall declare his whole charge. They two shall then, jointly, repair to Carlisle, and, having seen the "sufficient commission or instructions" of such as are sent from the said earls, shall declare the cause of the King's sending them, and that, reputing them to be men of honor, the King will show what he desires of them and what he will do for them in return, and has devised certain articles, which if they perform (and for that purpose presently lay these hostages, viz., Lynoux his brother or some other sufficient hostage, (fn. n7) Angus the master of Morton, or else Temtallon castle, and Casselz and Glencarn to covenant in writing that the pledges now held for their ransoms shall also be their pledges in this), he will send in his army to daunt their enemies, and also do for them as hereafter expressed. The things which the King requires of them are:—
	1. They shall cause the Word of God to be taught and preached in their countries, as the only foundation of truth and means of judging who proceeds justly with them and who abuses them for private glory. 2. The said earls shall for ever remain perfect friends to the King and to England, and shall never consent to any league to the contrary, and shall renounce all leagues between France and Scotland, and all other private pacts which they may have made to the French king or other to the prejudice of England; and shall serve the King, "for like wages as other our subjects do," against France or any other. 3. They shall diligently foresee that the young Queen is not conveyed away; and shall do their utmost to get the keeping of her and deliver her to the King until of age to be married to his son. 4. They shall assist the King to get possession of Jedworth, Kelso, Roksborowe, Hume Castle, the Hermitage, the Marshe and Tyvydaill, and be enemies to all who oppose him in this. 5. They shall, with all their force, help the King to be protector of that realm, and shall accept and name him protector during the minority of his pronepte.
	If the said earls agree to these articles and give hostages as aforesaid the King will:—
	1. Send a main army to defeat their common enemies, with charge to devastate nothing that belongs to the said earls, or to such as they shall have assurance to be the King's friends. 2. Whereas Lynoux makes suit to be Governor under the King, he shall have that office, with a Council of the King's appointment, provided he accept the King as Protector, and call no Parliament, or give nothing that is confiscated or otherwise grown to the Crown, without the King's express consent. 3. Lynoux, as Governor, shall have a reasonable portion of the revenues to maintain that estate, leaving sufficient for the entertainment of the young Queen and of a permanent Council at Edinburgh for the administration of justice; and in that case the King, as Protector, shall have some such hold as is thought necessary for the stay of the country. 4. Where Lynoux has desired our favour for the maintenance of his title against Arreyn [, "we had much rather advance him and set forward his title than his adversary's, who hath dealt so ungently and so untruly with us," and] (fn. n8) if he do as above expressed, in case God "dispose his will of our said nepce, leaving behind her no issue," we will aid him to obtain his title. 5. Albeit Angus, being now, by the King's means, restored to his inheritance in Scotland, ought no longer to ask any pension, yet, that he and the others may earnestly join with Lynoux and extend all their power for the accomplishment of the points aforesaid, his pension shall be continued (and the arrears paid out of hand) and Casselz and Glencarn shall each have 1,000 cr. (altered from 2,000 cr.) given to them; provided the foresaid demands are first agreed to, and the foresaid hostages laid.
	And if the commissioners of Scotland desire a larger capitulation of the aforesaid articles, the King is content that, when these are subscribed and the hostages put in, the larger capitulation shall be referred to his Lieutenant, to whom he will send instructions; and meanwhile Wharton and Bowes shall sign and deliver the foresaid articles (or, if they receive the articles signed by the earls themselves, they shall deliver the articles signed by the King, which they carry for that purpose).
	And if they shall not agree to the foresaid articles, and not lay the hostages, Wharton and Bowes shall, with good words, refer them to a further communication of the premises with Hertford at his coming to Edinburgh; and dismiss them in friendly sort, Bowes returning to the King.
	And where Lynoux lately made suit by his secretary to have in marriage lady Margaret, the King's niece; if that suit is renewed, Wharton and Bowes shall say that, albeit the King would be content that (Lynoux performing the said covenants to the King's satisfaction) it should be so, he has promised to her "never to cause her to marry any but whom she shall find in her own heart to love," and they have never seen each other. Even if they like each other, the marriage cannot be honorably perfected until dot and dower are agreed upon. It is a covenant that cannot easily be treated now; but, hereafter, when Lynoux has done some notable good service, if, upon meeting, they like each other, he shall have an answer to content him.
	Finally if Dunlanrike, who, it is thought, shall be one of the commissioners, seem ill pleased that he has no money at this time, they shall remind him gently of the reward of 100l. lately sent him and the pension of 500cr. Which the King has promised him, and say that although the King does not reward him now, he had [those things] when Cassilz and Glyncar had nothing, and shall advise him not to mistrust the King's consideration of his services.
	Draft corrected by Paget, pp. 41. Endd.: Instructions for the lord Wharton and Sir Robert Bowes, &c.
R. O.	3. Fair copy of the preceding, from which it is printed in the State Papers, with the heading:—"Instructions given by the King's Majesty unto his right trusty and right well-beloved Councillors, the lord Wharton, warden of the West Marches for anempst Scotland, Sir Robert Bowes, knight, ordinary master of the Requests, whom his Majesty hath appointed," &c.
	Pp. 8. Endd.: Copy of th'instruccions.
R. O.	4. [Remembrances for Wharton and Bowes in their conference with the commissioners of Lennox, Angus, Cassillis and Glencairn at Carlisle.]
	To remind them of the King's charges in their aid, and induce them to offer a recompense; if need be, "lord Wharton, &c.," suggesting, as of themselves, that Angus should deliver Tentallon in exchange for something in England, and all assist to get the castle of Edinburgh, towns of Leith, Kelso and Jedworth, Hume house, the Marche, Tevid[ale] and lord Maxwell's lands into the King's hands. Possible arguments which might ensue upon this; and how to proceed in the event either of refusal or acceptance of this article. The "second article, containing the accepting of God's word," is such that no "replication" is likely; and so likewise are the fourth and fifth, if the first is accepted. Possible objections to and arguments for "the third article, concerning their environing of Sterling or such other place where the Queen shall be" (reminding them that at their last convention when they came to Edinburgh they laid siege to Stirling in their way, when the Cardinal and Governor were within it).
	Pp. 7.
26 March.	244. Wharton to Hertford.
Hatfield MS. 231, No. 19. [Cal. of Cecil MSS. Pt. i., 125.]	On the 26th inst. had before him at Penrethe many gentlemen of the West Marches in co. Westmoreland, and declared to them "sundry causes" for the King's service according to the proclamations heretofore made, and for other services. Divers whose names are enclosed have appointed certain of their tenants to pass out of the bounds of the West Marches.
	Advertises his Lordship of this disfurnishment, but would not presume to stay it, it being stated that they were to attend on his Lordship at Newcastle. Thinks they have not done well. Penreth, 26 March. Signed.
	P. 1. Flyleaf with address lost. Headed in a later hand: To therle of Hertforde.
26 March.	245. Vaughan and Chamberlayn to Henry VIII.
R. O. St. P., ix. 626.	On Wednesday, 19th inst., arrived at Bruges and learnt that Mons. de Bure was at his castle of La Noye, 14 leagues off. Forthwith despatched a letter to the ambassador with the Regent, enclosing one to be forwarded to the ambassador with the Emperor signifying (according to their instructions) that he should warn Landenberg of their coming. Wrote also to De Bure that they were coming to him; and arrived with him at La Noye on the 20th. After he had read the King's letter and heard their charge, he said he would do his best, but, being the Emperor's subject, must first speak with the Queen; who had told him that he should lead the horsemen and footmen promised by the Emperor and (in reply to his question whether he should also levy them) that they were already ordered to be levied in these Low Parts; upon which he had said how loth he was to lead men he did not know. He added that upon such men as he would himself bring, from Friesland and Westphalia, he would jeopardy his life and honor; and that, to know the Queen's pleasure, he would repair next day to Brussels, she having left Gaunt, and meet the writers the 2nd day after at Andwerp.
	On the same 2nd day they dined with him in Andwerp, at the house of the merchants of Acon; and, as he could not abide with them longer than that day, they showed him the copy of Landenberg's bargain. He offered to be bound to do the like, save to the value of the florin, wherein he said Landenberg was greatly abused, for it was impossible to bring good soldiers at 4 florins of 20 stivers seeing that the Emperor never gave less than 4 Philippus, which is 5 florins of 20 stivers for a month's wages. Pointed out that Landenberg's men would grudge if his were paid higher; and he said he feared Landenberg would not be able to keep his bargain, and that, if so, he would serve with other 2,000 footmen and 400 or 500 horsemen, according to the enclosed remembrance signed by him. He desired, if Landenberg seemed slack, to know Henry's pleasure within 20 days; for the Prince of Orange was levying, for the Emperor, in the Base Countries, 10,000 footmen and 4,000 horsemen, and the Empire levying for him at their own charge 25,000 footmen and 4,000 horsemen. He said that the Regent told him that, for the men at the Emperor's solde, she would furnish him with men of these parts (the captains, he said, were good men, but their men not well in order) and that the footmen should be the Almains who, after the breaking of the army at Landersey, kept the frontier. He said that Landenberg broke his appointment with the Emperor last summer, and came six weeks late; and evidently wished his sayings of Landenberg to be noted. As they could not conclude upon the valuation of the florin, Chamberleyn remains here, awaiting Henry's instructions for the pact with De Bure, while Vaughan hastens to Spire and Francfort.
	De Bure promises them a copy of the Emperor's oath given to footmen, and says that to horsemen the Emperor gives no oath "but taketh their promise t'observe all such articles as shalbe read unto them." De Bure would have had the mustering place in Friesland, but, finally, they got him to appoint Buldewike alias Hertzegen Busse, 12 leagues from Andwerp towards Gelderland and 8 or 10 leagues nearer Calais than Mastreght. The Emperor makes 80,000 men for his whole band, but what way into France he will take De Bure knows not. Enclose a letter from him. He departed to a friend's house 12 leagues off, saying that he would warn captains for the levying of the 2,000 footmen and return to Andwerp in four days to abide until he had concluded in writing about their entertainment. He made the writers great cheer at La Noye and Andwerp, and defrayed the charges of their horses and servants riding with him from La Noye to Gaunt. It is said that the king of Denmark is deceased, and that the Almane princes have promised the Emperor to be friends to his friends and enemies to his enemies and aid him against France; so that he is expected here shortly. Merchants say that the Marquis of Gwast has revictualled Carinano in Pied de Mont, beside Tauryn, and has taken another town and therein destroyed many Swiss. Andwerp, 26 March. Signed: Stephen Vaughan; Thomas Chamberlein.
	In Vaughan's hand, pp. 8. Add. Endd.: 1544.
26 March.	246. Vaughan and Chamberlayn to Paget.
R. O.	Describe (much as in No. 245), how, after coming to Bruges, they went to De Bure, at La Noye castle, 2 leagues from Turney. There he made them great cheer for a night and a piece of a day, returned with them to Gawnt (defraying their charges), and, two days afterwards, entertained them "in a merchant's house" at Andwerp. Upon articling pacts for the entertainment of the 2,000 footmen, found him ready to conclude every article in Landenberg's bargain, save that he said the guldern or florin should be worth 25 styvers, for so the Emperor pays. Seeing that to have one band of Almains better waged than the other might occasion disturbance, and that De Bure asks but 20 days or a month to bring his men, they have written to the King for instructions. "We find De Bure a plain gentleman, a man willing to serve our master, and one that has frankly uttered unto us as much as we could desire." As time draws fast on, Mr. Chamberleyn is to stay and conclude with De Bure, and I hasten to Spyre and Frankfort. Have taken order with Sorer's company here for the money to remain with Chamberleyn for De Bure's payment, and "the rest of the 2,000l. that should be paid in Andwerpe to be paid in Francfort." De Bure doubts whether Landenbergh will keep his bargain, "who failed the Emperor, vj weeks the last summer of his day." Captains here are as loth to hear praise of others "as curst wives be loth to hear other women, their neighbours, praised for their patience." Desire that De Bure's entertainment of them may be remembered. As Vaughan will have the King's money in his hands in a country where he has no acquaintance, and only two servants; he begs that Chamberlayn may soon be instructed to conclude with De Bure, so that he may shortly join Vaughan in Frankfort. Commends his wife to Paget if she needs help. Sorer's company swear that they will lose 500 mks. by the exchange made for Frankfort. Guast has revictualled Carinano, taken another town and slain many Swiss. Andwerp, 26 March 1544, 4 a.m.
	Enclose a letter from De Bure to the King, and a remembrance made by De Bure. This post is hired only to go to you and not to return. Signed: S. Vaughan: Thomas Chamberlein.
	In Vaughan's hand, pp. 3. Add. Endd.
R. O.	2. Buren's "Remembrance."
	The Count de Bueren, having heard the King of England's commissaries, upon the entertainment of 2,000 footmen, and seen the agreement made by Chr. de Landenberghe, accepts charge of them at the same rate; but, seeing that Landenberghe only counts 15 batzes at 20 stivers, cannot believe that footmen can be got for that, yet, offers to do it (even at his own cost) if Landenbergh does, and, if Landenberghe fails, to bring them at the Emperor's rate, and 2,000 footmen and 400 or 500 horse besides, if required. Signed: Maximilian d'Egmont.
	French, p. 1. Headed by De Buren: "Memoire et response aux commis du Roy sur certains," &c. Endd: The memoryal of Mons. de Bures.
	247. German Mercenaries.
R. O.	"The rates of th'Almaynes as well horsemen as footmen for one month."
	Wages of 1,000 horsemen, viz. 200 "barded horses" at 24fl., and 800 others at 12fl., counting the florin at 3s. 1 ½d. For every twelve horsemen a four horse wagon at 24 crusers, which is 6 batzes or 12d. st., a day, and one to attend upon them at 12fl. the month. For every 50 horsemen a conductor at 24fl. For every 100 horsemen a smith at 24fl. having a wagon with horseshoes, nails, &c., at his own charge. For every 500 horsemen a standard bearer at 24fl. and page at 12fl. For every 100 horsemen a "fureyour" at 24fl. For every 500 horsemen a clerk at 24fl., a priest at 24fl. and a captain who is allowed four halberdiers, at 8d. For every 1,000 a "trusheman" at 12fl., a master of the camp at 24fl., two captains each at 1fl. for every man under him, one surgeon, and four trumpets at 24fl. each.
	For wages and extraordinary pays of 500 horsemen of Mons. de Buren, accounting the same after the rate of Landemburgh (viz. the foregoing).
	Wages of 6,000 footmen at 4fl. Double pays for the said 6,000, accounting 60 double pays in every 500.
	Monthly totals for each item given. Grand total, 8,216l. 7s. 3d.
	Pp. 3. Endd.: Rate of the wages of th'Almaynes.
27 March.	248. Henry VIII. to the Earls of Westmoreland and Cumberland.
Add. MS. 32,654, f. 60. B. M. Hamilton Papers, ii., 197(2).	Sending Hertford, Great Chamberlain of England and lieutenant in the North, with a main army by sea to invade Scotland, for the advancement of which enterprise the lords wardens of the Marches are to make two great raids upon the East and West Marches, desires them, in the absence of the said Lieutenant and wardens, to do, for the guard of the subjects there, as the Lieutenant shall require, and in all things to aid the said Lieutenant and wardens.
	Draft in Paget's hand, pp. 2. Endd.: Mynute, the Kynges Majeste to therles of Westmorland and Cumberland, 27° Martii 1544.
Calig. B. i.342.B. M.	2. Copy of the preceding. Endd. by Wriothesley: "Copy of the two letters to the earls of Westmoreland and Cumberland."
	P. 1.
27 March.	249. The Privy Council to Hertford.
Hatfield MS. 231, No. 108. [Cal. of Cecil MSS. Pt. i., 129.]HaynesSt. Papers, 21.	The King and Council like his device with the wardens (as contained in his letters) for invasions upon the East and West Marches at the time when the army by sea lands. The earls of Westmoreland and Cumberland are to be made participant of this and other "common matters" intended; and charged with the defence of incursions while the wardens are in Scotland, whereby the country shall be provided for and these noblemen encouraged by knowing that they are not altogether forgotten. The King's letters are sent to them, as Hertford will see by the copy. If the proclamation he devised is made now at his first entry he cannot afterwards burn and spoil the country, having proclaimed the King chief governor of the Queen and protector of the realm. He should defer it until he has the upper hand of the enemies and knows that the King's friends join earnestly with him; which failing, he may fall to burning. Give this only as advice, to be ensued or not as he, on the spot, shall see cause. Return the proclamation, which the King has altered in one or two things. The lord Admiral with the whole fleet, both men-of-war and victuallers, lies in the Wandes (fn. n9) without Harwich, and will be with him shortly, "God sending them a merry wind." Westm., 27 March 1544. Signed by Norfolk, Suffolk, Westminster, Cheyne, Paget and Petre.
	Pp. 2. Flyleaf with address lost. Headed in a later hand: To therle of Hertforde.
Add. MS. 32,654, f. 56. B. M.	2. Draft of the above, noted in Hamilton Papers, II., No. 197.
	In Paget's hand, pp. 3. Endd.
27 March.	250. Paget to Hertford.
Hatfield MS. 231, No. 73. [Cal. of Cecil MSS. Pt. i., 92.] Haynes, St. Papers, 6.	Has received his sundry letters and the other letters and writings he has addressed to the King, which are well taken. The Council will write the King's answers.
	"We have prepared as much as we can upon the sea to speak with my Lord Patriarche, &c."
	From the Emperor comes news that the whole Empire hath declared themselves enemies to France. The King of Denmark's ambassadors are arrived with the Emperor, and there is hope of some unity between them. The Count Palatine Louis, the Elector, is deceased, and Duke Frederick, the elder of the two (fn. n10) that were in England, succeeds. The King is well again, "who hath two or three days been a little troubled with a humour descending to his leg." Commendations to Mr. Sadler and Mr. Lee. Westminster, 27 March 1543.
	Hol., p. 1. Flyleaf with address lost. Headed in a later hand: To therle of Hertforde.
27 March.	251. Hertford, Tunstall, Llandaff and Sadler to Henry VIII.
Add. MS.32, 654, f. 62. B. M. Hamilton Papers, ii., No. 198. St. P., v., 366.	Enclose letters to Hertford from Wharton showing occurrents learnt, by espials, out of Scotland. Yesternight, at 5 p.m., arrived Sir John Penvan and Lenoux's secretary, whom Hertford has directed to the West Borders (because they dare not enter Scotland by the East or Middle Marches) with a letter to Wharton to convey them, or their letters, in surety. Gentlemen of Cheshire and others appointed to this journey daily arrive; but nothing is heard of the lord Admiral and the ships more than was written by the Council. Newcastle, 27 March. Signed.
	P. 1. Add. Endd.
R. O.	2. Original draft of the above, from which it is printed in the State Papers.
	In Sadler's hand, p. 1. Endd.: "Depeched xxvij^o Martii."
27 March.	252. Wharton to Hertford.
Hatfield MS. 231, No. 81. [Cal. of Cecil MSS. Pt. i., 126.]	According to his letters yesterday, has, at Keswik, had before him all the gentlemen in the west of Cumberland, to whom he declared Hertford's commandments for their readiness to serve the King's Majesty. Many of them grudge at the passing of men "to those parts from these," as he wrote before. Encloses a letter received at Keswik from John Thomson, his deputy customer at Carlisle. "The same Davye Yalowhaire is a Scottishman whome I use as an espial. He was with my lord of Suffolk and my lord of Duresme at Darnton, after the late great assemblies at Edinburghe, and did, after solemn mass, receive afore me oath to serve the King's Highness." Kesswike, 27 March. Signed.
	P. 1. Flyleaf with address lost. Headed in a later hand: To therle of Hartforde in the Northe.
27 March.	253. Lord Eure to Hertford.
Hatfield MS. 231, No. 42. [Cal. of Cecil MSS. Pt. i., 128.]Haynes,St. Papers, 22.	A gentleman of the Marse, called Edm. Trotter, Eure's prisoner, came on Tuesday to his entry. He is a man of small substance but of good wit, one of lord Hume's chief councillors, and says he knows that Maxwell travails to agree the Governor and Lenhouse (Lennox). An espial who was in Edinburgh on Monday last, reports that Lenhouse spake with the Queen, in Stirling, on Friday last, that on Sunday the Governor and Cardinal rode from Edinburgh to Stirling, and that the Governor and Lenhouse (it is said) will agree. Sent the muster book of the garrisons of the East Marches and a brief of the whole number, both of the country and the garrisons, to his son Sir Ralph, warden of the Middle Marches, to deliver to Hertford. Sends a Scot's letter to Hertford received from Rynyan Chirnesyde, laird of Este Nesbet, who dwells within 8 miles of Berwick. Berwick, 27 March. Signed.
	P. 1. Flyleaf with address lost. Headed in a later hand: To therle of Hertforde.
27 March.	254. Edw. Shelley to Hertford.
Hatfield MS. 231, No. 117. [Cal. of Cecil MSS. Pt. i., 127.]	Has here stayed a ship with two tops and a small crayer. Will lade the crayer with biscuit, as commanded by the Council's last letters. The ship is ready to serve the King at his lordship's command. Wrote to the Council for bakers of London, but none are yet come; and by writing to the sheriff of Newcastle has only obtained three. If Hertford could send him six more bakers he could furnish "a victualler or two of bread shortly." As Suffolk commanded, has 400 half quarter sacks ready. Suffolk gave safe-conduct to certain fishermen of Ayemow and Coldyngham, who furnished this town with above 10,000 fish, without which the garrisons in these parts could not have had victuals. Now they desire to know whether they shall be under Hertford's safe-conduct. Begs him to grant it, and they will always be ready to serve him both with their great cobles and their fish. Barwyke, 27 March. Signed.
	Pp. 2. Flyleaf with address lost. Headed in a later hand: To my lorde Levetenaunt.
28 March.	255. Convocation.
	For notes of proceedings from 4 April 1543 to this date, see Vol. XVIII., Pt. I., No. 365.
28 March.	256. Sir Ralph Eure to Hertford.
Hatfield MS. 231, No. 20. [Cal. of Cecil MSS. Pt. i., 130.]Haynes,St. Papers, 22.	A great sort of the lairds of Tevedale intend to make suit secretly to have Hertford's assurance for 20 or 40 days within which to commune with anyone whom Hertford will appoint; so that, as they are promised aid from the Governor and Cardinal within this fortnight, if they get aid they may stand at defiance and, if not, yield. Unless they straightway put in pledges to be partakers with England they should have no assurance. The country is very slow in returning their musters; but as soon as he receives the books he will repair to Hertford. Chipchace, 28 March. Signed.
	P. 1. Flyleaf with address lost. Headed in a later hand: To therle of Hertforde.
28 March.	257. Parliament of Scotland.
Acts of the P. of Sc., ii., 445.	Held at Edinburgh 28 March 1544 by the Queen's Commissioners, viz., Alex, abbot of Cambuskenneth, John abbot of Paisley, Sir Adam Ottirburn, Mr. Jas. Foulis, clerk register, Mr. Thos. Ballenden, clerk of Justiciarie, and Mr. Hen. Lauder, advocate.
	Continuation to 20 May next of the summons of John Carketle, burgess of Edinburgh, James Gibsoun, Wm. Donykeir, Geo. Gourlaw, Jas. Balfour, Alex. Thomsoun and Robt. Watsoun for the slaughter of Mr. Robert Galbraith, rector of Spott, one of the senators of the College of Justice.
	Parliament prorogued to 20 May next.