Introduction Part 1

Calendar of Treasury Books, Volume 7, 1681-1685. Originally published by His Majesty's Stationery Office, London, 1916.

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'Introduction Part 1', in Calendar of Treasury Books, Volume 7, 1681-1685, ed. William A Shaw( London, 1916), British History Online https://prod.british-history.ac.uk/cal-treasury-books/vol7/ix-lxvii [accessed 8 November 2024].

'Introduction Part 1', in Calendar of Treasury Books, Volume 7, 1681-1685. Edited by William A Shaw( London, 1916), British History Online, accessed November 8, 2024, https://prod.british-history.ac.uk/cal-treasury-books/vol7/ix-lxvii.

"Introduction Part 1". Calendar of Treasury Books, Volume 7, 1681-1685. Ed. William A Shaw(London, 1916), , British History Online. Web. 8 November 2024. https://prod.british-history.ac.uk/cal-treasury-books/vol7/ix-lxvii.

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Introduction

The present instalment of Calendar carries the story of the financial administration of England up to the death of Charles II. In order to a final summary a few words of recapitulation are necessary.

The Commonwealth bequeathed to Restoration England a heavy legacy of debt. In the last year of the Commonwealth the income of the country, including the Army assessments of 70,000l. a month, amounted to only 1,118,539l. 13s. 1½d., that of Scotland to 143,682l. 11s. 11d. and that of Ireland to 207,790l.—or in all 1,536,841l. 5s. 0½d. for the three kingdoms, England, Scotland and Ireland.

As against this the expenditure (even after drastic retrenchments to the extent of over 137,493l. 11s. 6½d.) amounted to 2,161,054l. 13s. 9¾d. for England alone, and to 381,868l. 6s. 9d. for Scotland and 342,616l. 8s. 6d. for Ireland. There was thus a deficit on the English budget of 975,656l. 6s. 8¼d.; on the Scotch budget 238,215l. 14s. 10d. and on the Irish budget 134,826l. 8s. 8d. The total deficit for all three countries therefore was, nominally, 1,348,698l. 10s. 2¼d., but England contributed 11,400l. monthly to the pay of the English forces in Scotland and 8,000l. per month to the pay of the forces in Ireland. The total of these contributions (252,200l. per an.) is to be deducted from the total expenditure (as appearing twice over) and this deduction leaves a final total yearly deficit of 1,096,498l. 10s. 2¼d. on the complete Commonwealth budget.

This deficit was not characteristic of the last year merely of the Commonwealth period. It had become a normal feature of Commonwealth finance from the moment that the extraordinary sources of revenue (the sales of Crown and Church lands, Royalist sequestrations etc.) had come to an end. Through the closing days of Cromwell's life, therefore, and steadily onwards to the Restoration, there was a progressive accumulation of debt. By the middle of Feb., 1660, this debt had reached the total of 2,051,722l. 4s. 8½d., of which sum 690,112l. represented the debt to the Navy (in C.J., VIII, 243–4, the Navy debt is set out in full: its total is there stated at 699,720l. 8s. 9d.) and 865,651l. 12s. 10d. the debt to the Army in England, Scotland, Ireland, Jamaica and Flanders. The remainder of the debt represented anticipations (loans and advances etc.) on the Excise and so on.

The first task of the Restoration Government was to tackle this enormous annual deficit and this crushing debt—for such it was. The means to such an end were perfectly obvious. The bulk of the Army and a good portion of the Navy had to be reduced. This was at once taken in hand. But as a condition precedent to the disbandment the arrears had first to be paid, for the Commonwealth soldiers would have refused to be disbanded without such payment, and Monck told the City plainly that if the men were not paid their arrears they would take them by force. In order to provide for the disbandment the Convention Parliament voted:

(1) A three months' assessment of 70,000l. a month (12 Car. II, c. 2), out of which 90,000l. was assigned for the disbandment.

(2) A Poll Act (12 Car. II, c. 9 and 10) estimated to yield 210,000l.

(3) A two months' assessment of 70,000l. a month (12 Car. II, c. 20).

(4) Arrears of two Commonwealth assessments (12 Car. II, c. 26).

(5) A six months' assessment of 70,000l. per month (12 Car. II, c. 27 and 28).

No statement of the receipts from this series of taxes is at present possible for the simple reason that the money was not paid into the Exchequer, but into the Chamber of London and was thence issued not by the ordinary Exchequer officials, but by special Commissioners. No account, therefore, of the transaction was ever declared. (fn. 1) But the earlier half of the course of the payment of the arrears concurrently with the disbandment can be traced in the Commons' Journals (VIII, 176, 189, 196) and the newspapers (Mercurius Politicus, Nos. 41–48, 50, 54, and Baker's Chronicle, p. 750). By the 6th Nov., 1660, there had been disbanded in England 22 garrisons, 15 Regiments of Foot, and four Regiments of Horse, and six ships had been paid off; and in Scotland one garrison, two Regiments of Foot, one Regiment of Horse, the total arrears paid being 250,402l. 18s. 5¼d. On that date there still remained to be disbanded and paid off in England eleven garrisons, three Regiments of Foot, nine Regiments of Horse and the Life Guard and 19 ships, and in Scotland four Regiments of Foot and one Regiment and one Troop of Horse: and the arrears still owing to them amounted to 435,416l. 10s. 4d. By the 3rd of Dec., 1660, the total arrears paid (for land and sea) was 325,544l. 1s. 6d. and the arrears then still pending and unpaid were 325,389l. 7s. 10d. It was to meet this balance that the Parliament voted the lastnamed of the above series of assessments, viz. the Six Months' assessment, estimated to produce 420,000l. There is no further statement extant in the shape of a declared account referring to the remainder of the transaction or to the transaction as a whole. But the inference is a safe one that the remainder of the arrear standing out as unpaid on the 3rd Dec., 1660 (viz. 325,389l. 7s. 10d.), was fairly liquidated by the Six Months' Assessment.

Putting the most favourable conclusion possible on this transaction, we may say that by the end of 1661 the payment of arrears to the land and sea Forces amounted to about 650,000l.

It will at once strike the reader that this disbandment and this liquidation of arrears had only been partial. At the Restoration the debt to the Army was 690,112l., and the debt to the Navy was 865,651l. 12s. 10d., or together 1,555,763l. 12s. 10d. Towards this joint total only 650,000l. was paid in the course of the disbandment transaction. The remainder, a matter of 900,000l., was continued as a departmental debt, mostly on the Navy. Such a procedure (in itself merely a confession of financial impotence) was only rendered possible by arresting the disbandment at a certain point and continuing the establishment of the remaining undisbanded land and sea forces. The strength, therefore, of the standing Army and of the Navy at the Restoration was determined not by the political needs of the country or by the determinate prevision of the Restoration Government, but solely by the financial weakness of England. Exhausted and overstrained by years of the Commonwealth's ambitious sea and land policy, the country at the close of that period could not pay off the soldiers and the ships and therefore had to retain in service all whose arrears were left unpaid when the disbandment funds came at an end.

On the first item, therefore, the net result is that Charles's government started on its ill-starred financial career loaded with a debt of 900,000l. of Cromwell's unpaid Army and Navy arrears, and further that in consequence of being unable to pay these arears Charles had to keep as a standing Army a portion of Cromwell's Regiments, which otherwise he did not require at all, and as a standing Navy a larger force of ships than either he or Parliament might have been disposed to keep.

(b) The Civil debt of the Commonwealth at the time of the Restoration (included in the already stated total debt) amounted to 395,958l., viz. 304,547l. charged on [and thus secured on] the Excise, 79,734l. to individual creditors and 11,676l. due to the Board of Works. References to portions of these debts are contained in the Commons' Journals, Vol. VIII, pp. 124, 188–9, 199–200, 212–3, 234.

Briefly stated, the position which the Convention Parliament took up with regard to these items was that they were debts of public honour and that it would undertake their discharge. Not only so, but it entertained the ambitious purpose of discharging all debts charged upon the Excise by the Lords and Commons before 1648, Dec, 7. The portentously long list of these debts is set out in the Commons' Journals, Vol. VIII, pp. 238–243. Their total is 319,968l. 8s. 6½d. Finally, from the time of the sitting of the secluded members, and up to 1660, Dec. 7, a further sum of 75,010l. 13s. 5½d. had been charged upon the Excise by the Convention Parliament itself. But this item I omit. The Civil debt therefore stood as follows:—

Mainly charged on the Excise. l.
Commonwealth debt 395,958
Long Parliament debt prior to 1648, Dec. 319,968
l. s. d.
715,926 0 0
charged on the Exchequer.
Old debts of Charles I (set out in Commons' Journals, Vol. VIII, p. 244) 529,600 0 0
Commonwealth debts 96,551 10 0
£1,342,077 10 0

With regard to the bulk of this debt, as I have said, the attitude which the Convention Parliament adopted was that they were debts of public honour and should be discharged. But what the Convention Parliament proposed, the Pensionary Parliament did not dispose. If the idea of charging this civil debt on the Excise had been carried out Charles would not have drawn a penny from the Excise for the first five years of his reign. But that idea was dropped and with it all idea of liquidating this debt was dropped with it. The Excise was finally granted to Charles for revenue purposes and whatever debt he paid out of it was his own affair as far as Parliament was concerned. The whole subject was simply dropped by the faithful Commons.

(c) Charles' own private pre-Restoration debt and private Royalists' losses. Briefly stated the fate of these debts was the same as that of the Civil debt just discussed. In the finish Charles was left to face his own exile debts as he could and the only provision for indigent royalist officers was the 60,000l. which by the Act of 14 Car. II, c. 8, was enacted to be distributed among them. This sum was not a fresh supply. It was taken out of the Eighteen Months' supply of 13 Car. II, St. 2, c. 3, that is to say, after voting general supply for Charles's government, the Parliament took 60,000l. thereof to be distributed to indigent Royalist officers. This was a polite Parliamentary way of saying to the King, "You are to give us a penny out of the income we have given you and we will bestow it upon a beggar."

In the introduction to Vol. I, pp. xv, seq. of this Calendar I have discoursed Charles's attitude towards this question of his father's debt and his own exile debts. He honestly and generously did what little he could and the shame of defaulting on the bulk, practically on the whole, of those debts as well as on the Civil debt just enumerated, lies not at his door but at the door of his Parliament. But apart from the money which Charles actually paid out of his own pocket towards these debts of (Parliamentary) honour their undischarged legacy had a very prejudicial effect on his finances all through his reign. Charles was good-natured, careless and very accessible. The petitions which poured in from necessitous royalists who had lost their all in the Civil war were legion. All that Charles could do in response to them was to give grants of office, or pensions or farms of petty branches of the revenue. All these grants practically acted as deductions from his (his Governmental) income and slight as they were in comparison to the total losses and ruin which the Royalists had suffered they were in their total sufficiently large enough to seriously diminish his income.

To recapitulate. On the first head of liquidation of the national debt outstanding at the Restoration the Parliament provided about 650,000l. towards the arrears due to the Army and Navy. It left a further 900,000l. of those arrears as a debt on Charles's shoulders coupled with the consequent necessity of keeping standing a portion of the Cromwellian Army and a larger Navy than would otherwise have been retained. It made no provision whatever for the Commonwealth Civil debt of 395,958l. and 96,551l., nor for the Long Parliament debt of 319,968l., nor for Charles I's debt of 529,600l., nor for Charles II's exile debts nor for the losses of indigent Royalists. If at any time subsequently in his reign Charles II paid any portion whatever of these debts he paid that portion out of his own pocket.

(2)The Parliamentary provision of revenue for Charles's Government.

From the first the Parliament contemplated a normal peace expenditure of 1,200,000l., i.e. for every branch of the national service, the Royal State, Army, Navy, Civil Service, Ambassadorial service and so on. To this estimate no serious objection can be taken. It may be roughly accepted as the average normal national expenditure all through the reign. But when it came to the question of ways and means for the supply of this annual sum the Parliamentary Committee of Supply made many most fatal mistakes, some of which at least were totally unjustifiable. The basis of its calculation of revenue is set out in the Commons' Journals, Vol. VIII, p. 498, and it is instructive to compare that estimate with the known figures of actual income both in previous years under the Commonwealth and in the successive years of Charles's reign. In the Parliamentary estimate the Customs are anticipated to produce 390,000l., rising to 400,000l. During the last year of the Commonwealth they had produced only 302,622l. 16s. 10½d.; and for the first 6¾ years of Charles's reign they produced only an average of 285,181l. 13s. 2d. per an. Defalcations for the plague reduced them to 135,814l. 11s. 7½d. in 1667 and to 233,499l. 0s. 1d. in 1668. In succeeding years their yield was as follows:—

l. s. d.
1669 367,790 6
1670 370,967 19
1671 335,463 6
1672 551,407 13 9
1673 574,118 2 8
1674 425,889 18 5
1675 729,770 5 9
1676 565,675 0 0
1677 683,192 0 0
1678 567,058 0 0
1679 528,148 17 4
1680 575,253 12 1
1681 537,477 10 8
1682 558,346 2 0
1683 544,665 4 9
1684 591,653 17
1685 485,105 10 6

The significance of these figures is perfectly plain and simple. The Parliamentary Committee of Ways and Means was either misled in its estimate at the outset of the reign or else it simply stated the gross in place of the net yield of the Customs. In the first eleven years of the reign the money Charles II received from this branch of the revenue fell short of the Parliamentary estimate by over 800,000l. This single item therefore of revenue deficit accounted for nearly half the Governmental or national debt at the time of the Stop of the Exchequer.

From 1671 onwards Charles received a very material increase in his Customs from two sources, viz. (1) from the wine and vinegar duties which were granted by the series of Wine Acts 19 and 20 Car. II, c. 6, 22 Car. II, c. 3, and 30 Car. II, c. 2, which duties continued till August, 1681. (2) From the tobacco and other duties imposed by the Plantation Trade Act of 25 Car. II, c. 7, see infra, p. xxvi.

The effect of these increments is instantly visible in the table of the yield of the Customs stated above. For ten of the last fourteen years of his reign Charles enjoyed from the Customs about 160,000l. a year over and above the 400,000l. which the Parliamentary estimate at the beginning of the reign had forecast as the probable yield. The effect of this excess can be stated as succinctly as before. Just as the deficiency up to 1671 had produced the national bankruptcy in the Stop of the Exchequer, just so the excess after 1671 helped to make up for other deficiencies and kept Charles so far solvent for the remainder of his reign that he was enabled to avoid a second declaration of bankruptcy.

The Excise.

In the Parliamentary estimate (Commons' Journals, Vol. VIII, p. 498) the Committee valued the Excise at 274,950l. per an. without any expectation of increase. In the last year of the Commonwealth the Excise yielded, or was estimated to yield, 370,000l. I suggest therefore that there is a mistake in the Parliamentary Committee's estimate. Anyway, this is immaterial for the simple reason that Parliament pledged itself (Commons' Journals, Vol. VIII, p. 309) to raise the Excise to 400,000l. a year.

The amounts which the Excise actually yielded to the King throughout his reign are as follows:—

l.
1660–1661, Easter 68,124
1661–1662, Easter 261,051
1662–1663, Easter 253,173
1663–1664, Easter 357,302
1664–1665, Easter 316,886
1665–1666, Easter 251,436
1666–1667, Easter 273,563
1667–1668, June 360,562
1668–1669, June 328,716
1669–1670, June 280,470
1670–1671, June 292,940
1671–1672, June 436,958
1672–1673, June 440,324
1673–1674, June 384,624 (?)
1674, June, to 1677, June 1,408,278
1677, June, to 1680, June 1,570,097
1680–1681, June 377,061
1681–1682, June 419,596
1682–1683, June 417,045
1683–1684, June 392,289
1684–1685, June 482,680

The accounts of the Excise are most extraordinarily complicated. During the period that this branch of the revenue was in farm (and that meant up to 1683, June 24, nearly the whole of the reign) there were three different groups of Farms—(1) London Excise, (2) the five counties near London, (3) the Country Excise, in which again the Excise of Wales and the four northern counties constituted a separate entity. The separate accounts for these groups run from different dates in the year and it is impossible to strike an exact total. But in the main the above figures are roundly reliable. They may understate the yield of the Excise to the King in one year and by consequence may overstate it in the next. I do not, therefore, attempt to average this branch of the revenue. But it is evident at a glance that up to 1671 (up to the Stop of the Exchequer) there was a serious deficit in the yield of the Excise and that from 1672 onwards (from the grant of the additional Excise by the Act of 22–3 Car. II, c. 5) for the last ten years of the reign it yielded the King appreciably more than the original Parliamentary vote of 400,000l. per an. The extra gain on the Excise for a portion of the latter part of the reign (i.e. up to 1680, June 24, when the grant of the additional Excise expired) may be held to have done something to balance the dificit in the earlier years. If so, we may say that the Parliament kept faith with the King in this particular of the revenue, i.e. up to 1680, when the grant of the Additional Excise expired and was not renewed.

(3) The Crown lands.

In the Parliamentary estimate (Commons' Journals, Vol. VIII, p. 498) the Crown lands are estimated to be capable of producing 100,000l. a year. How the Parliament could make such a wild estimate is an inscrutable mystery. The Crown lands had all been sold during the Civil war and Commonwealth, their recovery or reassumption to the Crown was a question of time and it was problematical whether they would be recovered to the Crown in anything like their entirety. The average annual yield (i.e. payments into the Exchequer) from this branch of the revenue for the first eleven years of the reign was under 12,000l. In this connexion it must be borne in mind that the fee farms of the Crown were worth over 52,000l. per an. But more than half of this yield was arrested before it came into the Exchequer and always had been, even in pre-Commonwealth times. The sum was absorbed by the so-called fixed county charges, being local charges for upkeep of roads, harbours, schools and so on. These deductions had been a standing charge on the fee farms since the days of Edward VI—of course in varying amounts. Up to the Stop of the Exchequer, therefore, there was an annual shortage of over 88,000l. on this branch alone. Then, when the crash of national bankruptcy came the Parliament condescendingly gave Charles permission to sell the fee farms of the Crown. He was to sell his private estate to discharge national debt. That sale (of which a summary account is given in the introduction to the third volume of this Calendar, pp. viii–xv) completely extinguished this branch of Charles's revenue and for the rest of his reign the Crown lands produced practically nothing. On this branch of revenue alone there was a total shortage over the whole of the reign of over two millions.

(4) Hearthmoney.

The Parliamentary estimate for the yield of the Hearthmoney (Commons' Journals, Vol. VIII, p. 498) was 170,603l. 12s. 0d. This was a new form of taxation and the Parliamentary Committee had nothing more to go upon in forming this estimate than the first hastily made survey of hearths and chimneys. Throughout the reign the executive had the greatest trouble over the tax. It was unpopular and the Justices were lukewarm in enforcing it. Their conduct at times even savoured of actual disloyalty to the central Government. They connived at all forms of evasion in the certificates of exemption and the Treasury showed how impotent it felt itself by the restrained moderation of the letters which were sent repeatedly to the Justices to support the revenue (see this subject in the index to these vols. of Calendar under the head of Treasury, writing letters). The actual net yield of the tax to the Exchequer fluctuated enormously.

l. s. d.
to 1663, Easter 34,080 0 0
to 1664, Easter 92,646 0 0
to 1665, Easter 123,325 0 0
to 1666, Easter 42,362 0 0
to 1667, Easter 198,096 0 0
to 1668, Easter 23,972 0 0 (?)
to 1669, Easter 82,376 0 0 (?)
to 1670, Easter 82,376 0 0
to 1671, Easter 194,946 0 0
to 1672, Easter 86,261 0 0 (?)
to 1673, Dec. (?)
to 1674, Mich. 224,189 0 0
to 1675, Mich. 170,676 0 0
to 1676, Mich. 186,114 7 2
to 1677, Mich. 204,623 13 9
to 1678, Mich. 168,319 3
to 1679–84, Mar. 734,813 14

If we allow roughly that for the latter half of the reign the tax produced the amount anticipated by the Parliamentary estimate it still remains true that for the first half of the reign there was a very heavy shortage—probably over a million in the eight years 1673–80. I state the matter rather vaguely because of the difficulty of the figures of the yield of this tax.

(5) After the elimination of these four great sources of revenue (Customs, Excise, Crown Lands and Hearthmoney) the rest of the Parliamentary estimate in Commons' Journals, Vol. VIII, p. 498, contains merely odds and ends of revenue. The Cornwall Duchy tin coinage and pre-emption is estimated to produce 12,000l. a year. Throughout the reign it hardly ever produced more than 4,000l. a year. The Post Office is estimated at 21,500l. per an., rising to 26,000l., and the wine licences at 20,000l. per an. Both these branches of the revenue were conferred on the Duke of York. The Post Office continued in the Duke's possession until Charles's death and never contributed a penny to the Exchequer, or in other words to the needs of Charles's Government. The wine licences were only recovered to the Crown by the Act of 22 and 23 Car. II, c. 6, and from that date (1673) onwards their gross yield was under 12,000l. and the actual net yield into the Exchequer was about 8,000l. per an. But I do not here attempt to summarise the total loss to Charles's Government from the over-estimation of these odds and ends of revenue. The subject is so enormously complicated and involves such a mass of figures. I attempted a summary of this loss in a paper on the beginnings of the National Debt (Owens College Historical Essays, 1902, pp. 391–422) and I hope shortly to return to the subject with complete detail. In the present introduction I am only desiring to outline a broad, hasty résumé of the general trend of the finances of Charles's reign.

Peace Expenditure in Relation to Peace Revenue.

If the task of making out a reliable account of Charles's income is a difficult one, it is slight by the side of the difficulty of stating his normal average peace expenditure. This is due to the fact that ordinary or peace expenditure and extraordinary or war expenditure are never kept separate, either in the departmental accounts or in the Exchequer declarations. This will be clear from a glance at the successive tables of expenditure which I have given year by year in the introduction to each volume of this Calendar.

For the moment I take the Parliamentary forecast of 1,200,000l. a year for the whole service of the country in time of peace (Army, Navy, Royal State, Civil Service, Ambassadorial Service etc.) as reasonable and approximately correct. Taking this estimate as a basis it will be clear to any intelligence that for the first half of his reign on the mere peace revenue and expenditure Charles, or the nation, was drifting headlong into bankruptcy.

In the first 6¾ years of this period, 1660–1667, the sources of revenue which were allocated and granted to him to produce 1,200,000l. a year actually only produced 4,741,000l. or thereabouts, an average of under 800,000l. per an.

Of course the truth was quickly known and for a time Parliament acted loyally by coming to the assistance of the executive. A series of grants of supply was passed in aid of or to reinforce and make up the deficit in the ordinary revenue. These were as follows:—

One month's assessment of 70,000l. (12 Car. II, c. 21).

One month's assessment of 70,000l. (12 Car. II, c. 29).

Free and voluntary present (13 Car. II, c. 4).

Eighteen months' assessment of 70,000l. a month or 1,260,000l. in all (13 Car. II, st. 2, c. 3).

Hearthmoney (14 Car. II, c. 10. The grant of Hearthmoney was in the nature of a reinforcement of the ordinary revenue. In the above calculations I have throughout included it in the ordinary revenue.)

Four subsidies (15 Car. II, c. 9 and 10).

The last of these Acts closes the first chapter of the financial history of the reign—a chapter which was marked by comparative harmony between the King and the Parliament. But though well conceived and well intentioned these grants in aid of the ordinary revenue did not suffice to clear the deficit in the yield of that revenue. In the introduction to Vol. III of this Calendar, pp. xii–xiii, I have shown that there was a deficit of over 2,000,000l. at the time of Stop of the Exchequer. This deficit is to be placed to the head of the ordinary revenue deficit almost entirely. It represents roughly the total of the Bankers' debt—our first acknowledged national debt. But it must not be forgotten what a touch of irony there is in this word acknowledged. The national debt of England to-day is acknowledged by Parliament, and Parliamentary provision is made for the payment of interest. The Bankers' debt of Charles II's day was acknowledged only by the executive—the King's executive—but never by the Parliament, and Parliament never made provision for the payment of a penny of interest on it. The debt rested on the shoulders of the executive, on Charles's shoulders, and he was left to stagger under it for the rest of his reign and to pay the interest on it out of his own pocket. And he did it manfully, out of a straitened purse. He never defaulted on the interest. It was left to the Revolutian Parliament to dishonour itself by defaulting.

And whilst speaking of this subject of interest it is necessary to bear in mind another very important consideration. The working of any nation's departmental services necessitates cash in hand. If there is no cash in hand (if revenue comes in late and slow) a Department, or the Treasury as representing all the Departments, has to borrow. If it borrows, interest must be paid. On the day before Charles's return to the throne there was a sum of 11l. 2s. 10d. in the National Exchequer. Therefore the executive had to borrow, simply to keep the departmental services running. Ergo the executive had to pay interest, and when ordinary borrowing became difficult it had to put itself in the hands of farmers. Practically for two-thirds of his reign every one of the great branches of revenue was in the hands of farmers and the result was that Charles had to pay a good deal more than interest, a good deal more than even 10 per cent . interest. He had to pay farmers' expenses and allow farmers' profits and defalcations. It is the most ruinous expedient that any State can adopt. To-day we think of it only as applicable to States like Turkey. But to Charles II it was an absolute necessity. He could not borrow in the ordinary way sufficient cash to keep the departmental services running, to tide over the gap between the in-coming of revenue and the out-going of expenditure. I have treated this subject at large in the introduction to Vol. III of the present Calendar, pp. xxxv. seq., and also in the essay already quoted above and in a paper in the Economic Journal for March, 1906. My only object in referring to it here is to emphasise the point of the carelessness of Parliament in overlooking the subject of these borrowings and the consequent necessary provision of interest for them. From the outset Parliament ought to have recognised that the executive would need at least 30,000l. a year for interest on Treasury borrowings and it ought to have made provision for it. As a matter of fact, throughout his reign, Charles paid for interest in this way at least double or treble that sum and sometimes more than five times that sum annually. Yet plain as this consideration must seem to the merest tiro in finance it remains miserably true that until the year 1667 Parliament never considered the question at all and that throughout the long Acts of Supply covering the whole reign only in two other specific instances did they provide for interest, and in one of the two cases they defaulted, and as Charles did not default he had to take their debt of honour on his own shoulders. In this instance Parliament deliberately cheated the King (see Introduction to this Calendar, Vol. V, p. 1xii).

Still pursuing the thread of Charles's ordinary revenue and expenditure (to the exclusion of the extraordinary or war revenue and expenditure, to which I shall refer below), it may be stated in broad outline that ten of the last fourteen years of the reign showed a marked increase in income. This was due, indirectly, to an increase in the prosperity of the country and in the yield of taxes, and, directly, it was due to the following series of grants in aid of the ordinary revenue:—

22 Car. II, c. 3. The second Wine Act granted for eight years (1670–1678), but extended by an Act of 30 Car. II, c. 2, for three years to 1681, August.

22 Car. II, c. 4. Act for settling the imposition on brandy.

22 and 23 Car. II, c. 5. Act for an additional Excise on beer, ale and other liquors, granted for six years and extended for a further three years by the Act of 29 Car. II, c. 2; expired 1680, June.

22 and 23 Car. II, c. 9. Act for laying an imposition on proceedings at law: granted for nine years only; expired 1680, May 1.

25 Car. II, c. 7. Act for encouragement of the Greenland trade and for better securing the Plantation trade. The Plantation duties imposed by this Act continued till the end of the reign.

The effect of these on the revenue in the two main branches of Customs and Excise has been already detailed. So long as they remained in force (i.e. up to 1680–1, the date of their expiry, see p. 1663 infra) they made Charles's ordinary income about or a little over the 1,200,000. per an l., which was the estimated peace requirement of the country in 1660.

When they ceased the revenue again drooped. Unfortunately, I cannot give the complete figures for the years 1680–5, as only two declarations have survived, one for the half-year Easter to Michaelmas, 1680, the other for the half-year Michaelmas, 1684, to Easter, 1685. They are printed infra, pp. xli.–ii. These accounts show after deduction of loan money, assessment money, and collection money for captives in Barbary that the ordinary revenue of the kingdom in the first of those half-years was only 433,026l. 6s. 9d. and in the second of them 488,987l. 8s. 8½d. If these are fair average half-years then we may conclude that from 1680 (when these extra grants of revenue expired) the ordinary or peace revenue of the country was about 900,000l. a year.

But whilst the revenue thus stood normal during the years 1670–80, that is for 10 out of 14 of the last years of the reign, the expenditure had not stood still. In the introduction to Vol. V of this Calendar, pp. xxxix.–xli., I have shown how the departmental expenditure, especially on the Army, Navy and Ambassadorial service, and in connection with Tangiers, had increased in the course of the reign—quite naturally and automatically and unavoidably. This latter item alone, the occupation of Tangiers, the special expeditionary forces and the construction of the mole cost Charles over 1,600,000l. in the course of his reign. He spent over a quarter of a million alone on the construction of the mole. For all this the Parliament never provided a penny. If 1,200,000l. was the normal expenditure in 1660 this natural process of automatic expansion had driven it up to at least 1,600,000l. in 1678. In spite, however, of the insufficiency of the revenue to meet this expenditure there was no second defaulting, there was no second Stop of the Exchequer. The reign closed without any second declared act of bankruptcy. Instead of this various schemes of retrenchment were adopted. Three of these schemes are printed in the present volume, pp. 1645–1665. The scheme on p. 1653 is to be understood as a proposed scheme of retrenchment in 1679, not as a computation of the actual expenditure of that year, for none of the items correspond to the actual expenditure then current. In addition there were three periods of suspensions (1675, 1676–7 and 1681) of payment of pensions and certain salaries, particularly those of the Royal Household (see this subject brought together in the index under the head Suspension). At Charles's death, for instance, his servants were years in arrears on their salaries. James II made a composition with them and honourably tried to pay them on the reduced scale of that composition. But the effect of these retrenchments and suspensions were more nominal than real. Paper schemes of reduction were easy to draft but difficult to enforce. For instance, although the scheme of 1679 proposed a Navy expenditure of 400,000l. per an., the actual expenditure on the Navy in the succeeding five years averaged about 440,000l. per an. The inevitable result was a steady accumulation of departmental debts. In 1679 the overcharge on the Excise was 688,769l., on the Customs 160,469l., on the Hearthmoney 157,512l. and so on up to a full total of 1,311,359l. In addition to these items, which may be styled secured debts, 566,985l. was owing to the Navy, 242,217l. to the Ordnance, 14,293l. to the Privy Purse, 32,978l. to the Works, 35,000l. to the Cofferer of the Household, 200,000l. to the King's Household and other servants and to pensioners and so on. The total debt at interest and departmental debt in 1679 (quite exclusive of the funded Bankers' debt) reached the alarming figure of 2,720,194l., a sum larger than that involved in the Stop of the Exchequer. With the Bankers' debt added, the total public debt of England in 1679 was about 4,800,000l. Five years later, in Sept., 1684, the debt at interest (the debts charged on or the overcharge of the Customs, Excise, Hearthmoney and Wine Licences) had been reduced by nearly three-quarters of a million, viz. to 609,198l. But how this had been achieved and whether or not it was a genuine extinguishment of debt or merely a transfer of debt from one class (debts at interest) to another class (departmental debts) I regret that it is at present impossible to determine. As already explained, there are only two half-yearly declarations surviving for these last five years and the departmental accounts do not reveal this item of debt at all. I still hope, however, to be able to clear up this subject and to be able to give complete and detailed figures for the last years of the reign. Meanwhile for the moment we have to be content with the tables and accounts printed infra, pp. xli. seq.

Charles's Extraordinary (or War) Income and Expenditure.

In attempting to estimate Charles's war income and expenditure we are not confronted with the appalling confusion and difficulty which attends the exposition of his peace or ordinary income and expenditure. This chapter or portion of the subject comprises three clearly marked and delimited episodes, viz. the two Dutch wars and the intended war with the French King. For each of these episodes Parliament made separate, distinct and specific provision.

For the first Dutch war the Parliament granted:—

(1) The Royal Aid (16 and 17 Car. II, c. 1, for 36 monthly assessments of 68,819l. 9s. 0d. per month; estimated to produce in all 2,477,500l.).

(2) The Additional Aid (17 Car. II, c. 1, for 24 monthly assessments of 52,083l. 6s. 8d. per month; estimated to produce in all 1,250,000l.).

(3) The Poll (18 and 19 Car. II, c. 1, c. 6).

(4) The Eleven Months' tax (18 and 19 Car. II, c. 13, for 11 monthly assessments of 114,213l. 8s. 5½d. per month; estimated to produce in all 1,256,347l. 13s. 0d.).

The One Month's tax for the Duke of York (17 Car. II, c. 9) does not come into this category. It was purely a personal or private grant to the Duke of York and was not intended as a war supply at all.

If we put the Poll down at an estimate of 400,000l., this would make the total Parliamentary vote for the first Dutch war of 5,283,847l. 13s. 0d. In this particular case we are saved the trouble of calculation, as a report on the finance of the war was drawn up by the Parliamentary Committee of Accounts. See the whole of this subject treated in the Introduction to Vol. II of this Calendar, pp. xxxiv. seq. and the report itself, ibid. pp. lv.–lxii. From this it appears that Charles's executive expended 5,813,841l. 10s. 11½d. on the war, i.e. more than half a million in excess of the gross, outside or total sum voted by Parliament for the war. And on p. lxiv. of the same Introduction I have shown that the taxes voted by Parliament did not produce the anticipated sum by a long way. Up to the end of 1668 instead of 5,283,847l. 13s. 0d. they had only brought into the Exchequer 4,355,047l. 6s. 10½d. The excess therefore of the expenditure of the war over the Parliamentary supply for the war was as near as possible 1½ millions. This excess was met by Charles out of his peace or ordinary revenue; out of Customs, out of Excise, out of Hearthmoney, out of Dunkirk money, out of prizes, out of militia money, out of the Eighteen Months' (peace or ordinary) assessment (see ut supra, pp. lxii.–lxiii.).

On the most favourable construction Parliament cheated the King out of between a million and a million and a half sterling over the first Dutch war.

(2) For the second Dutch war the matter of accountancy is a little more difficult, because no contemporary account of the war was ever compiled. I have treated of this matter in the Introduction to Vol. IV of the present Calendar, pp. xxxix. seq. and a brief recapitulation here will suffice. For this war the only Parliamentary Supply granted was the Eighteen Months' assessment, 25 Car. II, c. 1, estimated to produce 1,238,750l. This assessment actually produced only 1,166,238l. 3s. 4½d. up to 1676. The minimum demonstrable expenditure on the war was 1,500,000l. and the actual expenditure was undoubtedly more. Taking it at the minimum there was a deficit of Parliamentary supply to the extent of over 330,000l. towards the actual cost of the war.

(3) The intended war against the French King with the consequent episode of the New Raised Expeditionary Forces and their disbandment is a long drawn out financial operation, but is rather simple to investigate because the executive itself, Charles himself, drew up a clear statement of the deficit (see the whole of this subject treated in the Introduction to Vol. V of the present Calendar, pp. xliv. seq.).

The extraordinary taxes granted by Parliament for this intended war with the French King were as follows:—

The Seventeen Months' tax for building the thirty ships (29 Car. II, c. 1, estimated to raise 584,978l. 2s. 2½d.).

The Poll, 29–30, Car. II., c. 1 (supposed to be capable of yielding 1,000,000l.).

The Eighteen Months' tax (30 Car. II, c. 1, estimated to yield 619,388l. 11s. 9d., but of which only the first six months' yield, estimated at 206,462l. 17s. 3d., was to be devoted to the Disbandment).

The Six Months' assessment (31 Car. II, c. 1; estimated to yield 206,462l. 17s. 3d. and to be devoted entirely to the Disbandment).

The episode of the building of the thirty ships stands apart from that of the intended war with Louis. As against a Parliamentary supply of nominally 584,978l. Charles authorised and the executive carried out an expenditure of 654,676l. on this shipbuilding programme. The transaction went on all through the remainder of the reign and even into the reign of James II. Even as late as 1688, the year of the Revolution, the yearly accounts of the Treasurer of the Navy contain items of expenditure on the concluding portions of this programme. I estimate that on this item the Parliamentary supply fell short of the expenditure by about 100,000l. (see ut supra, pp. xlvii. seq.). The actual transaction of the intended war with Louis and the subsequent disbandment of the Forces (see ut supra, pp. lii. seq. and the Index to the present instalment of Calendar under the heads Army Disbandment and Assessments) ended in a deficit of 110,000l. on the Navy expenditure and 69,000l. on the Ordnance expenditure. These sums, as he could not meet them, Charles funded: he charged them on the Hearthmoney as a perpetual debt and faithfully paid interest on them for the rest of his life, as did his brother, James II, after him.

I have thus run through in brief survey Charles's ordinary or peace revenue and expenditure and his extraordinary or war revenue and expenditure. It is therefore possible at last to draw a balance sheet as between him and his people, or rather his Parliament. In doing so I deliberately use the word cheating to characterise the conduct of his Parliament. On this point it must be borne in mind that in 17th century constitutional theory and practice in England financial transactions between the King and Parliament were of the nature of a treaty, implicit or explicit. For the ordinary revenue the Parliament at the outset of the reign fixed a normal estimate of expenditure, and then voted sources of supply which (including or together with the King's own private revenue) they thought would produce the required sum. Then in effect they said to the King, "There you are. Go your way. Run the country on this and don't bother us further at all about the matter." Similarly in war time or for an extraordinary shipbuilding programme they formed their own estimate, voted sources of supply which they thought sufficient and then once more said in effect to the King, "We have voted this. It is sufficient for the transaction. Carry out the war and don't bother us further." And when Charles was obliged to have recourse to them again, and when he had demonstrated to them ad nauseam the insufficiency of the supply, whether for ordinary or extraordinary expenditure, Parliament grumblingly at first did its duty and reinforced the ordinary supply or voted additional extraordinary supply; then it grew obstinate and finally suspicious and in the end turned its back on the whole matter and left the King in the lurch to procure or meet the deficit as best he could.

With our modern system of annual budgets, estimates and supplementary estimates we are so far removed from this 17th century practice and theory that we cannot conceive it possible. It is this want of proper sense of historical perspective that has produced the accepted Whig view of Charles II's reign—a view which is as mean in its psychology as it is gross and palpable in its ignorance.

ROUGH BALANCE SHEET AS BETWEEN CHARLES II AND HIS PARLIAMENT.
Deficit How the deficit was made up.
l. l.
In his ordinary revenue (including interest) Charles was cheated by his Parliament on the whole reign roughly 4,432,000 Rendition of Dunkirk 290,000
Queen Catherine's dowry 180,000
French King's money 742,000
Bankers' debt 2,000,000
Crown lands sold 1,000,000
In the extraordinary or war revenue Charles was cheated by his Parliament— Departmental debts and debts at interest resting on the Executive at the death of Charles 2,000,000
On the first Dutch war 1,500,000
On the second Dutch war
On the thirty ships 100,000
On the intended war with the French King and the Disbandment 180,000
6,212,000 6,212,000
Even and quit.
Requiescat in pace Rex et Parliamentum sum fidelissum.

THE CONSTITUTIONAL AND POLITICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF THE FINANCIAL HISTORY OF THIS REIGN.

At various points in the successive Introductions to the present Calendar I have touched upon the constitutional aspect of the question of financial administration and upon its extremely important bearing on the political history of the time. The briefest résumé therefore for the whole reign may here suffice. Firstly, as to the constitutional aspect. It must never be forgotten that until the revolution of 1688 the governmental system of England was in all essentials that of the Tudor personal monarchy. The mere accident or intrusion of the Civil War and the Commonwealth made not the least difference to the continuance of that system. Indeed, the Commonwealth system of government was a further exemplification of it. The core and centre of the personal monarchy, Tudor and Stuart alike, lay in the King's absolute control of the Executive. The Executive was the King's Executive; the ministers were the King's; the ambassadorial service was his; the Forces, land and sea, were his; the Judges and judicial system, central and provincial alike, were his; the civil service, if we may call it such, was his down to the lowest item of it. In his hands lay the direction of the entire administrative machine, whether internal (as relating to revenue, law, organisation for war) or external (as relating to foreign affairs, treaties and declaration of war). That he exercised his directing control through his Privy Council made no difference. His personal control was there, as much in the time of Charles II as in the time of Elizabeth. As against this kingly direction of the Executive Parliament was dumb, as dumb under Charles II as it was under Elizabeth. At no time up to 1688 did it challenge such kingly control of Executive; at no time did it demand to have a share in that control. The function of Parliament (in its own eyes as well as in the King's), was, firstly, at the outset of the reign to see that the King had enough revenue to run the whole Executive machinery of the country, and, secondly, to vote extraordinary aid when war or imminent bankruptcy made it absolutely imperative. If the war (the foreign policy) were popular such aid would be given without a murmur, otherwise with grumbling and stint. If the monarch were popular his Parliament would save him from bankruptcy without a murmur, otherwise halfheartedly, or possibly it would bluntly refuse any aid and would leave the King to face the Executive's bankruptcy in any way he should please or could devise. But out of this second function of extraordinary aiding there grew the derivative Parliamentary function of criticism of the Executive. This criticism generally took the form of an attack upon a person, some member of the King's Executive. Sometimes the King would yield and would throw over such obnoxious member. Sometimes not. But even when he yielded, Parliament never laid claim to the right of nominating the fallen minister's successor. That was the King's right and his alone and was not challenged by Parliament. Constitutionally there is no importance to be attached to the impeachment of Buckingham or Danby. If the Parliament had demanded the right of nominating Danby's successor the Revolution of 1688 would have been unnecessary. For by that one stroke Parliamentary control of the Executive would have been achieved and the development in constitutional practice, which began in 1688, would have been anticipated, and would have been attained without a revolution. But on this one point of constitutional theory the Parliament under Charles II was more blind and unforeseeing than even the King himself. It felt instinctively that if it should pass behind the screen which hid the Executive from the Legislature it would share in an irksome, unwelcome responsibility and it would desert its historic accepted function of petitioning, addressing and criticising and grumbling. Nay more, again and again it explicitly proclaimed its own unfitness for such responsibility and disclaimed any wish to trench on the prerogative on this vital point. The most conspicuous instance of the exercise of the Parliamentary function of criticism was the appointment of the Parliamentary Commission to inquire into the accounts of the Dutch war. This episode is treated at length in the Introduction to Vol. II. of this Calendar, pp. xxxiv.–lxxxvii. It marks the high-water mark of constitutional advance during the reign and is most illuminating as to the then mutually and commonly accepted view of the kingly prerogative.

Such being the constitutional theory of the time it is easy to see how the break, the barrier, between the Executive and the Legislature should end in deadlock. The estimates, whether annual or not, for the various services were drawn in the departments and were submitted to the King in Council and were there fixed or decided upon. They were not submitted to Parliament. The accounts, whether yearly or not, were drawn up in the departments, audited in the King's Exchequer and declared in the King's Treasury. Thence if necessary the Lord Treasurer took the gist of them with him to the King personally or to the King in Council. They were not submitted to Parliament. If the King desired to take the Parliament into his confidence on the subject of estimates and accounts he would himself address the two Houses or he would leave the matter to be put forward by those members of his Executive (heads of departments rather than ministers) who had seats in the one House or the other. According to the ability and influence of these, his representative officers, so the affair of negotiating with the Parliament would prosper or not. If perchance at any time the Houses should distrust the figures and statements put before them by the King's officers they would proceed to inquire independently by their own Committees. In such inquiries they invariably went astray simply because they had not access to the full official figures (see the abovesaid Introduction, p. 34). One such instance I have traversed in the present Introduction, viz. the absurd estimate which Parliament made in 1662–3 of the King's revenue. Another instance is the Parliament's amateur attempt to estimate the cost of building the thirty ships in 1677. See this case detailed in the Introduction to Vol. V. of this Calendar, pp. xlviii.–li.

It thus becomes possible to understand how Parliament should form a wrong estimate of the revenue; how it should remain in ignorance of the actual figures of the shortage of the revenue; how it should be in still greater ignorance of the actual expenditure. The device of appropriation of supply (which is looked upon as an advance in constitutional practice) is simply an outcome of the confusion and suspicion which arose out of this ignorance on the part of the Parliament. As a matter of fact, the device of appropriation had been adopted by Charles's Executive before Parliament dreamed of it. Almost from the outset of his reign he allocated the Customs to the Navy and Ambassadorial service; and the Excise to the Forces and Household and he formally offered to the House to make this a hard and fast written undertaking. And the various schemes which Charles subsequently took in hand, e.g. with Sir J. James and R. Huntingdon relating to the Excise and with the Earl of Ranelagh et al. relating to the Irish revenue, all hinged on this one preoccupation of the Executive of how to provide money first and foremost for the greater services—the Navy and Army. When Parliament in the middle of the reign adopted the device of appropriation clauses in bills of supply it reflected only upon its own suspicious ignorance, not upon the Executive's untarnished honour. Again and again throughout his reign Charles postponed the payments of the Household and the Privy Purse in deference to the needs and claims of the Navy. It is due to this suspicious ignorance that Charles's pressing appeals in his addresses to his faithful Commons at the opening of Session after Session fell on deaf ears. The Parliament did not believe his figures and his executive officers in the House—his party—could not dispel the suspicion by the production of full and final estimates of accounts.

With regard to both ordinary and extraordinary grants of supply I have already repeatedly pointed out that Parliament never dreamed of exercising supervision of the expenditure and that only once, in the case of the Dutch war, did it consider it was entitled or obliged to call for accounts of the expenditure. Once the money was voted the King was left to do his own with it and if there was a shortage either on ordinary peace expenditure or on extraordinary war expenditure he was left to face it himself as if it were a purely private matter of his own concern merely—unless, that is, he could persuade them to take up the consideration of the whole matter again. And the crisis of the reign hinges upon the fact that from the middle of it he was absolutely unable to bring them to this reasonable, patriotic and honourable standpoint of reconsidering his general financial condition.

The value of the detailed study of the financial history of Charles's administration therefore lies in the fact that we are therein enabled to see the working of the personal monarchy from the inside and to estimate the constitutional advance which was achieved when in 1688 the Parliament seized the control of the Executive and made itself directly responsible for supply and for the keeping up of the national services. In previous reigns, those of Henry VIII, Elizabeth, James I or Charles, this detailed study is impossible because the Treasury as a department distinct from the Exchequer was non-existent. We have therefore no uniform body of records covering the total financial administration of those reigns. We have only Exchequer records, Privy Council records and the scattered personal papers of this or that particular Lord Treasurer; and out of such disjecta membra it is impossible to construct a complete and detailed account of the national finance. It is fortunate that the case is different for the reigns of Charles II and James II. From 1660 the Treasury established itself as a department outside the Exchequer. It kept its own records and those records enable us to view the working of the King's Executive from behind the screen which hid it from the eyes of the Parliament of the day. The result to me individually as an editor has been a complete revolution in my conception of the problem of English Constitutional history and so it would be to every historian if they would consent to sit down with me patiently year after year watching the machinery of the personal monarchy's Executive at work. The problem of English Constitutional history is the problem of the Executive in all its ramifications. It is not the problem of Parliamentary growth.

Secondly, with regard to the political influence exercised by the financial conditions under which Charles's Executive laboured, I have already in the various preceding Introductions written with such heat and passion that I hesitate to do more here than briefly summarise. Even if Charles's foreign policy had been throughout as popular as Elizabeth's had been, still the constitutional system and practice of the time was such and the financial embarrassment resulting therefrom was such as to open a door to the intrigue of his enemies in his own land. Charles's foreign policy was frustrated and he was disarmed and made powerless in Europe by the simple device of the enemy's intrigues with the Parliamentary Opposition at home. First the Dutch in the second Dutch war, and then Louis XIV throughout the remainder of the reign used the Opposition as a spear with which to pierce not merely Charles's but the English nation's side. This disaffected Parliamentary Opposition was a creation of that financial embarrassment the reasons for which have been already detailed. The irony of it, and the pity of it ! Firstly the Parliament bound the King's hands behind his back by starving the Executive and by refusing to come to its aid; thereby secondly Parliament delivered him into the hands of Louis XIV as a pensioner; thereby thirdly Louis XIV got Charles into his power and made treaties with him which he revealed to the Parliamentary Opposition in England in order to discredit him in the eyes of his own people; thereby fourthly the estrangement between King and people became complete, the New Raised Forces were disbanded, all danger of England warring with France passed away, the myth of the Popish Plot became a blind fury for years and the Exclusion Bill nearly became a legislative reality. And all the while this Parliamentary Opposition which had so bound and betrayed its King was itself a greedy exigent pensioner of Louis XIV.

In accordance with the uniform practice of these Introductions I append hereto accounts of Income and Expenditure and the various departmental accounts for the period covered by the present instalment of Calendar—so far that is as such accounts have survived. Without such accounts the merely administrative side of the Treasury work would be comparatively meaningless, or certainly difficult to follow.

Table I.—Statement of Accounts, etc.

INCOME.
1680, Easter,
to Michaelmas.
1684, Michaelmas,
to
1685, Easter.
l. s. d. l. s. d.
Cash in the hands of the Tellers of the Exchequer at the commencement of the half year 28,650 10 13,064 18 0
Customs 230,309 13 10 189,907 15 7
Excise 134,557 9 0 248,291 13 8
4s. per chaldron on seal coal 335 0 0
Four and a Half per cent. Duty in Barbados 400 0 0
Farm of export of woollen cloth 1 0 0
Hearthmoney 47,252 6 11½ 19,175 12 0
Sheriffs of counties 1,033 9 747 18
Sheriffs of cities and bailiffs of liberties 29 7 4 70 19 7
Compositions in the Exchequer 18 7 2
Fines, amercements and forfeitures in the Exchequer 3,543 11 2,473 10 1
Rents reserved on grants 1,587 13 4
Fines of leases 516 0 2 27 9 10
Rents of lands 2 3 4
Fines of alienations 500 0 0 350 0 0
Lands seized 1 7 6
Annual Tenths of the clergy 3,065 5 5 905 19 5
First Fruits 2,039 10 0 500 0 0
Duchy of Cornwall 1,073 19 3,234 2
Arrears of assessments 29 0 0
Recusants' forfeitures 636 6 7 694 9 0
Coinage money 7,316 5 4,448 5 5
Sale of fee farm rents 12 0 0
Sale of woods 59 6 8 2,300 0 0
King's Bench fines 316 14 8 1,249 6 3
Imprests repaid 449 0 0
Arrears of Poll anno 1666 0 9 0
Wine licences 2,606 13 4 4,784 13 11
Money paid by the Marquess of Winchester in full satisfaction of 16,531l. 6s. 3d. 8,531 6 3
Arrears of the Seventeen Months' Assessment 134 6
Arrears of the Poll anno 1677 31 5 0
Assessments on the first part of the first Disbanding Act 3,476 10 3
Ditto on second part of ditto 94,274 14 8 100 0 0
Ditto on second Disbanding Act 99,114 4 290 0 0
Loans to the King 172,901 10 87,000 0 0
Loans on the Customs 15,754 10 0
Post Office 3,112 5 0
Collections for redemption of captives in Barbary 2,400 0 0
Rent of lands of Ford, Lord Grey 3,900 0 0
Sir William Doyly's debt 754 17
858,502 6 591,842 6
EXPENDITURE.
1680, Easter, to
Michaelmas.
1684, Michaelmas,
to
1685, Easter.
l. s. d. l. s. d.
Privy Purse 12,577 0 6,723 17
Cofferer of the Household 19,000 0 0 26,800 0 0
Master of the Robes 1,500 0 0
Great Wardrobe 6,634 0 0 90 12 0
Treasurer of the Chamber 6,869 12 3 7,330 6
Royal Stables 6,515 0 0 3,598 11 1
Office of Works 2,194 11 8 14,143 6 10
Office of Works (Windsor) 1,200 0 0
Treasurer of the Navy 183,541 16 128,272 5 1
Ordnance 47,606 10 18,000 0 0
Band of Gentlemen Pensioners 900 0 0 146 0
Mint 10,209 3 11 1,000 0 0
Lord Privy Seal's diet 712 0 0 736 0 0
President of Privy Council's diet 750 0 0 750 0 0
King's Goldsmith for gold works 231 18 3
Ambassadors 13,046 10 0 15,886 10 2
Secret service 15,350 0 0 10,038 16 0
Guards and garrisons 145,656 2 5 150,656 2 9
Special services, royal bounty etc. 31,937 6 11¾
Pensions etc. (dormant patents) 13,044 4
Extraordinaries of divers natures 1,086 5 7 7,078 10 0
Loan money repaid 123,307 7 7 91,699 15
Liveries of the Exchequer 843 5 0 658 12 10
Annuities, pensions and fees by particular privy seals etc. 6,518 12 8 5,263 5 0
Messengers of the Chamber and Exchequer 312 18 539 6 0
Payments for the disbandment of the Forces raised for the war with the French King 191,275 16 10 326 15
Wages, salaries, annuities and pensions paid by debentures 27,887 7 5 27,233 6 5
835,838 6 10¾ 551,841 4 0
Assignations by tallies on the Excise, Hearthmoney, Tenths, First Fruits, Alienation fines, Salt farm, goods forfeited, Hanaper and cancellation of baronetage fees 89,046 12 97,381 6
924,884 19 649,222 10

Table II.—Customs, etc.

1679, Sept. 29, to 1680, Sept. 29.
GENERAL ACCOUNT.
RECEIPTS. ISSUES.
l. s. d. l. s. d.
Supers or arrears of Customs (London & outports) 38,107 18 Money accounted for in the following cash account 642,598 16
Receipts, outports 186,291 1 Overpayments by collectors 1,450 0 10¼
Ditto, Plantations 2,323 4 10¾ Customs officers' salaries (outports and Plantations) 13,475 9
Ditto, London (exports) 49,058 8 Incidents (outports and Plantations) 7,257 16
Ditto, London (imports) 177,267 10 3 Repayments of half subsidy and additional duty (debentures for drawback and bounties) 125,366 11 11¼
Ditto, London (wine & vinegar) 255,536 14 1 Money discharged by special warrant 1,613 9
Ditto, London (Plantation goods) 118,186 4 Supers 34,282 7 10¼
Overpayments by outport collectors 373 6 6
827,144 12 11¾ 827,144 12 11¾
1679, Sept. 29, to 1680, Sept. 29.
CASH ACCOUNT.
RECEIPTS. ISSUES.
l. s. d. l. s. d.
London (imports) 148,558 3 4 Salaries, London port 33,350 8 3
Ditto (wine & Vinegar) 251,720 16 Annuities and pensions 8,325 3
Ditto (Plantation goods) 78,786 5 Lord Privy Seal 366 0 0
Ditto (exports) 48,904 16 10½ Bills of impost 825 6 0
Outports 118,628 14 Ground rent 274 0 0
Rent of Mote Park 150 0 0
Exchequer fees 202 11 10
Shipbuilding bounties 3,653 6 2
Discounts on bonds 1,627 13 3
Paid into the King's immediate hands 3,850 0 0
Incidents 12,041 0
Payments into the Exchequer 571,403 12 1
642,598 16 642,869 1
1680, Sept. 29, to 1681, Sept. 29.
GENERAL ACCOUNT.
l. s. d. l. s. d.
Supers or arrears of Customs 34,385 7 10½ Money accounted for in the following cash account 589,358 7 11¾
Receipts, London (exports) 42,193 5 Overpayments 745 16
Ditto, London (imports) 147,838 14 Outports salaries 13,540 4
Ditto, London (wine and vinegar) 181,688 16 5 Ditto, incidents 7,035 8 0
Ditto, London (Plantation goods) 139,969 16 Repayments of half subsidy etc. 98,068 12
Ditto, outports 188,378 5 Plantations salaries 995 4
Ditto, Plantations 1,768 19 Super on collector of Dover port 1,216 10
Overpayments by outports collectors 2,027 5 Supers 37,290 6 11¼
748,250 11 748,250 11
1680, Sept. 29, to 1681, Sept. 29.
CASH ACCOUNT.
l. s. d. l. s. d.
Receipts, London (imports) 130,594 6 11 Salary bill, London port 20,937 18 9
Ditto, London (wine & vinegar) 174,930 9 9 Patent officers (London) 2,948 6 8
Ditto, London (Plantation goods) 108,481 19 Ditto (outports) 2,179 5 6
Ditto, London (exports) 42,193 5 Annuities and pensions 8,204 0 9
Ditto, outports 132,516 11 9 Ground rent 274 0 0
Ditto, Plantations 641 14 11 Rent of Mote Park 300 0 0
Exchequer fees 1,038 14 8
Shipbuilding bounties 1,674 10 5
Discount on bonds 2,280 2 2
Incidents 12,883 3
Ready money into the Exchequer 521,923 2 2
Payments by special warrant 15,754 8 6
589,358 7 11¾ 590,765 9
1681, Sept. 29, to 1682, Sept. 29.
GENERAL ACCOUNT.
l. s. d. l. s. d.
Supers 37,290 6 11¼ Moneys accounted for in the following cash account 618,758 8
Receipts, London (exports) 42,129 9 1 Overpayments by collectors 2,027 5
Ditto, London (imports) 218,650 5 Outports salaries 14,276 8 5
Ditto, London (Plantation goods) 123,849 0 Ditto, incidents 8,456 9
Ditto, outports 198,955 2 Repayments of half subsidy etc. 101,355 11
Ditto, Plantations 1,636 11 2 Plantation officers' salaries 676 16 7
Overpayments by collectors 2,526 5 Supers 37,268 4
782,818 3 782,818 3
1681, Sept. 29, to 1682, Sept. 29.
CASH ACCOUNT.
l. s. d. l. s. d.
Receipts, London (imports) 194,608 16 11½ Salaries, London port 15,507 5 7
Ditto, London (Plantation goods) 84,465 11 Ditto, London patent officers 3,563 16 7
Ditto, London (wines & vinegar) 152,456 1 Ditto, London outports 2,531 1 5
Ditto, London (exports) 42,129 9 5 Pensions 10,697 12
Ditto, outports 144,836 7 0 Exchequer fees 1,083 3 0
Ditto, Plantations 262 2 1 Shipbuilding bounties 1,137 2
Discount on bonds 6,670 16 6
Incidents 16,785 13
Ready money into the Exchequer 558,346 2 0
618,758 8 617,729 15
1682, Sept. 29, to 1683, Sept. 29.
GENERAL ACCOUNT.
l. s. d. l. s. d.
Supers 37,268 4 Moneys accounted for in the following cash account 613,982 2
Receipts, London 538,314 11 Overpayments by collectors 2,526 5
Ditto, outports 228,884 6 Outports, salaries 15,526 1
Ditto, Plantations 967 11 8 Ditto, incidents 1,337 2 0
Overpayments by collectors 743 8 Repayments of half subsidy 115,542 11
Plantations, salaries 735 2
Supers 46,428 17
806,178 2 0 806,178 2 0
1682, Sept, 29, to 1683, Sept. 29.
CASH ACCOUNT.
l. s. d. l. s. d.
Arrears 1,028 13 0 Salaries, London 27,003 7 8
Receipts, London (wine and vinegar) 164,703 15 Ditto, patent officers, London 3,567 10 0
Ditto, London (imports) 172,319 17 2 Ditto, patent officers, outports 2,140 1 8
Ditto, London (Plantation goods) 74,567 7 Pensions 5,239 4
Ditto, London (exports) 44,836 2 6 Rent etc. 2,820 12 0
Ditto, outports 154,992 6 7 Exchequer fees 1,176 6 0
Ditto, Plantations 725 19 1 Shipbuilding bounties 355 5 11½
Discount on bonds etc. 6,733 1
Incidents 18,879 19 10¾
Ready money into the Exchequer 534,665 4 9
Payments into the King's immediate hands 10,000 0 0
615,010 15 612,580 13 11½
1683, Sept. 29, to 1684, Sept. 29.
GENERAL ACCOUNT.
l. s. d. l. s. d.
Supers 46,428 17 Money accounted for in the following cash account 651,089 13 2
Receipts, London (exports) 13,724 10 Collectors' overpayments 743 8
Ditto, London (imports) 220,212 19 10 Outports, salaries 16,359 5 10
Ditto, London (Plantation goods) 113,762 5 Ditto, incidents 12,246 12 9
Ditto, London (wines & vinegar) 164,750 14 Repayments of half subsidy etc. 96,867 14 7
Ditto, outports 238,052 17 Plantations, salaries and incidents 472 8
Ditto, Plantations 1,159 9 10 Supers 50,716 19
Collectors' overpayments 1,404 12
828,496 2 828,496 2
1683, Sept. 29, to 1684, Sept. 29.
CASH ACCOUNT.
l. s. d. l. s. d.
Remains 2,430 1 9 Salaries, London 22,292 17 8
Receipts, London (imports) 195,910 6 Ditto, patent officers 1,738 11 11
Ditto, London (wines & vinegar) 156,255 6 Pensions 4,917 19 0
Ditto, London (Plantation goods 74,964 10 10½ Rent and yearly payments 3,424 0 0
Ditto, London (exports) 42,724 10 Exchequer fees 1,042 1 8
Ditto, outports 181,162 15 Shipbuilding bounties 45 10 2
Ditto, Plantations 70 3 Discount on bonds etc. 6,844 7 8
Incidents, London port. 18,444 13
Ready money into the Exchequer 591,653 17
653,519 14 11 650,403 18 11
1684, Sept. 29, to 1685, Sept. 29.
GENERAL ACCOUNT.
l. s. d. l. s. d.
Supers 50,716 19 Moneys accounted for in the following cash account 613,788 17 7
Receipts, London (exports) 39,442 10 3 Collectors' overpayments 1,404 12
Ditto, London (imports) 202,117 16 Outports, salaries 16,966 16
Ditto, London (Plantation goods) 91,603 18 10 Ditto, incidents 13,221 19 3
Ditto, London (wine & vinegar) 153,037 10 11½ Repayments of half subsidy etc. 39,549 19
Ditto, outports 215,202 6 Supers 68,927 3
Ditto, Plantations 182 5 6
Collectors' overpayments 1,455 19
753,859 8 753,859 8
1684, Sept. 29, to 1685, Sept. 29.
CASH ACCOUNT.
l. s. d. l. s. d.
Remains 3,115 16 0 Salaries, London 22,721 0 11½
Receipts, London (imports) 165,161 6 10 Ditto, patent officers, London 816 13 4
Ditto, London (wine & vinegar) 157,733 15 Ditto, patent officers, outports 1,293 1 5
Ditto, London (Plantation goods) 101,932 16 Pensions 5,202 13 9
Ditto, London (exports) 39,442 10 5 Rent and annual payments 968 5 4
Ditto, outports 149,285 1 Exchequer fees 1,095 6 4
Ditto, Plantations 233 7 Discount on bonds etc. 1,142 14 8
Incidents, London port 16,888 9 4
Allowances for damaged goods 4,605 5 11½
Ditto on bills of portage 1,655 5 11
Repayments of half subsidy etc. 52,825 15 9
Ready money into the Exchequer 485,105 10 6
616,904 13 7 599,341 3 11

Table III.—Excise Accounts.

From 1680, June 24, to 1681, June 24.
RECEIPTS. ISSUES.
l. s. d. l. s. d.
Arrears 58,386 2 11¼ Salaries 6,322 10 0
Rent of Excise (London, Westminster, Middlesex and Surrey 146,000l.; country, 300,000l.) 446,000 0 0 Office rent 300 0 0
Surplus of Excise 74,143 17 Yarmouth fishery allowance 160 0 0
Incidents 599 19 2
Pensions and annuities 11,232 6
Interest and discompts 24,143 17
Patentees' interest 1,617 19 11½
Interest to goldsmiths 18,837 11 2
Ditto to goldsmiths' assignees 14,862 18 1
Repayment of Farmers' advances 88,000 0 0
Payments to the Forces and the Household 64,750 0 0
Payments into the Exchequer 265,763 19 5
Payments to Sir J. James and partners 3,000 0 0
578,530 0 517,591 16
From 1681, June 24, to 1682, June 24.
RECEIPTS. ISSUES.
l. s. d. l. s. d.
Arrears 69,417 7 Salaries 8,555 0 0
Rent of Excise 446,000 0 0 Rent 100 0 0
Money discompted to the Farmers 1,055 9 Repairs 238 14 4
Surplus of Excise 77,515 19 Payments by particular warrant 4,235 7 4
Farmers' loan on confirmation of their farm 40,000 0 0 Duke of York 24,000 0 0
Queen Consort 12,209 15 2
Interest on advance 15,855 9
Ditto to patentees 2,240 13 4
Ditto to goldsmiths 24,446 4 1
Ditto to goldsmiths' assignees 21,236 6 5
Payments for the Forces and Household 33,800 0 0
Repayment of loan money and Farmers' advances 171,800 0 0
Payments into the Exchequer 283,815 19
Allowance to Capt. W. Buckland 1,770 9 2
623,988 16 566,503 19
From 1682, June 24, to 1683, June 24.
RECEIPTS. ISSUES.
l. s. d. l. s. d.
Arrears 57,484 16 11½ Salaries 8,430 0 0
Rent of Excise (6,600l. per week) 447,596 0 0 Rent 200 0 0
Overcharge on the Farmers 2,024 11 Repairs 571 18 0
Farmers' loan on the surplus 72,800 0 0 Payments by particular warrant 310 0 0
Debts on the Excise 81,858 7 Duke of York 32,000 0 0
Queen Consort 13,419 10
Interest to patentees 1,807 6 6
Ditto to goldsmiths 17,356 16 8
Ditto to goldsmiths' assignees 25,613 19
Repayments of loan money and Farmers' advances 178,858 7
Interest 10,420 0 0
Payments into the Exchequer 316,450 10 0
661,763 15 10¾ 604,415 8
From 1683, June 24, to 1684, June 24 (under Commissioners).
RECEIPTS. ISSUES.
l. s. d. l. s. d.
Arrears 57,348 8 0 Salaries 15,251 12 4
Receipts, first quarter 75,418 15 Rent 200 0 0
Ditto, second quarter 122,417 12 Repairs 1,947 18 0
Ditto, third quarter 131,177 5 Payments by special warrant 7,288 0 0
Ditto, fourth quarter 147,207 12 Duke of York 22,000 0 0
Queen Consort 13,000 0
Interest to patentees 1,517 12 10
Ditto to goldsmiths 13,962 16
Ditto to goldsmiths' assignees 14,939 7
Payments for the Forces and Household 24,000 0 0
Repayments of loan money 55,858 7
Prince of Denmark 6,000 0 0
Interest 2,979 7
Payments into the Exchequer 291,600 5 1
533,569 13 10 465,545 7
From 1684, June 24, to 1685, June 24.
RECEIPTS. ISSUES.
l. s. d. l. s. d.
Arrears 68,024 6 Salaries 20,437 11 0
Receipts (1683–4) 96,184 2 Rent 200 0 0
Ditto, first quarter 75,182 12 8 Repairs 2,901 19 0
Ditto, second quarter 145,736 2 Duke of York 24,000 0 0
Ditto, third quarter 119,404 5 1 Queen Consort (Dowager) 16,314 12 9
Ditto, fourth quarter 157,408 1 Prince and Princess of Denmark 13,500 0 0
Payments by special warrant 478 16 11¼
Interest to patentees 1,156 19
Ditto to goldsmiths 12,573 0
Ditto to goldsmiths' assignees 19,688 0 11½
Payments for the Forces and Household 22,524 11 5
Repayments of loan money 65,500 0 0
Payments into the Exchequer 393,401 19 10½
Interest 3,050 18
Allowance 1,637 15 0
662,939 11 597,366 5

Table IV.—Hearthmoney.

From 1679, Mar. 25. to 1684, Mar. 25.
(Farmers, viz.: Anthony Rowe, Sir Nathaniel Johnson, Sir Cornwall Bradshaw, Robert Nott, Thomas Ducke.)
RECEIPTS. ISSUES.
l. s. d. l. s. d.
Farm rent (162,000l. per an.) 810,000 0 0 Ready money into the Exchequer (advance money) 142,875 10 2
Ditto (rent) 591,938 4
Interest 43,620 11 5
Incidents 500 0 0
Arrears to Farmers 528 8 4
810,000 0 0 779,462 18

Table V.—Wine Licences.

From 1678, Mar. 25, to 1679, Mar. 25.
(Commissioners and Agents, viz.: N. Curson, M. Brighouse, C. Ryves, R. Ryves, E. Long, J. Taylor.)
RECEIPTS. ISSUES.
l. s. d. l. s. d.
Arrears 10,182 9 8 Salaries 2,000 0 0
Revenue from licences 10,058 4 0 Interest 533 16 8
Allowance 123 14 0
Payments into the Exchequer 10,804 10
20,240 10 0 13,966 10
From 1679, Mar. 25, to 1680, Mar. 25.
(Account missing.)
From 1680, Mar. 25, to 1681, Mar. 25.
(Commissioners and Agents, viz.: R. Wolseley, W. Young, J. Taylor, H. Dering, M. Brighouse.)
RECEIPTS. ISSUES.
l. s. d. l. s. d.
Remains 103 13 Allowance 133 6 8
Arrears 5,948 2 9 Salary 2,050 0 0
Revenues from licences 9,658 2 6 Payments into the Receipt 7,773 1 10½
15,709 18 9,956 8
From 1681, Mar. 25, to 1682, Mar. 25.
RECEIPTS. ISSUES.
l. s. d. l. s. d.
Arrears 5,812 6 5 Surplus 58 16 4
Revenue from licences 10,196 8 2 Salaries 2,050 0 0
Interest 400 0 0
Payments into the Exchequer 6,278 10
16,008 13 7 8,787 6
From 1682, Mar. 25 to Sept. 29.
RECEIPTS. ISSUES.
l. s. d. l. s. d.
Arrears 7,064 10 Salaries 1,000 0 0
Revenue from licences. 5,585 4 0 Interest 727 19 1
Supers 7,456 2 3
Remains 3,465 13
12,649 14 12,649 14
From 1682, Sept. 29, to 1683, Mar. 25.
RECEIPTS. ISSUES.
l. s. d. l. s. d.
Remains 3,465 13 Salaries 677 14 5
Supers 7,456 2 3 Interest and repayment of advance money 2,000 0 0
Interest 134 8 10½ Payments into the Exchequer 3,000 0 0
Revenue from licences. 5,677 14 5
16,733 19 0 5,677 14 5
Supers 10,392 13 6
Remains 663 11 1
From 1683, Mar. 25, to 1684, Mar. 25.
RECEIPTS. ISSUES.
l. s. d. l. s. d.
Remains 663 11 1 Salaries 2,022 5 7
Surplus 10,391 13 6 Interest and repayment of advance money 4,000 0 0
Interest 277 5 0 Payments into the Exchequer 6,000 0 0
Revenue from licences. 12,664 19 2
23,998 8 9 12,022 5 7
Supers 11,883 10 3
Remains 92 12 11
From 1684, Mar. 25, to 1685, Mar. 25.
RECEIPTS. ISSUES.
l. s. d. l. s. d.
Remains 42 12 11 Salaries 1,900 0 0
Supers 11,883 10 3 Interest and repayment of advance money 4,260 10 4
Interest 241 1 11¾ Payments into the Exchequer 6,000 0 0
Revenue from licences. 13,107 16 8
25,275 10 12,160 10 4
Supers 13,897 9 7
Surplus 782 7

Table VI.—Navy Accounts.

TREASURER OF THE NAVY.
From 1 Jan., 1679–80, to 30 Dec., 1680.
INCOME. EXPENDITURE.
l. s. d. l. s. d.
Money out of the Exchequer 428,183 9 Emptions and provisions 30,283 17 7
Received from Sir J. James and Rob. Huntingdon under the great seal of 10 Mar., 1679 40,200 0 0 Transport and purveyance 1,105 0 0
Received of ditto under the Treasury warrant of 1679, Nov. 15 15,000 0 0 Admiralty and Navy Office salaries 14,460 8 1
Received in tallies from L. Kingdon under the privy seal of 25 Feb., 1679–80 15,000 0 0 Extraordinary rewards 1,206 0 0
Imprests in former accounts cleared in the time of this account 18 13 4 Pensions and half pay to officers, boatswains, gunners etc. 2,286 11 8
Goods and provisions sold 1,167 9 Freight of merchant ships 334 0 0
Overpayments 3 0 11 Pilotage 453 10 0
Rent of the Lordship Fields at Chatham 30 0 0 Officers' salaries in rigging time 1,326 15 8
Clerks' wages 693 18 3
Sundry disbursements 18,092 3
Office rent 833 4 2
Travelling charges 333 7 3
Wages of officers and men 134,441 11 5
Press gang money and conduct money 72 15 6
Dockyard and ropeyard wages 54,690 12 8
Victualling charges for volunteers and for prisoners from Jamaica 117 7 9
Paid to Navy widows and orphans 245 5 1
Interest on a bill of Randolph Knipe, merchant 17 14 6
Salary to the Treasurer of the Navy, two clerks and officers 3,800 0 0
Ordinary allowances 33 6 8
Imprests in the time of this account (being mainly for the Victualling 104,264 3 7
369,096 12 11¾
By privy seal of 23 July, 1679, this accomptant is allowed 24,953l. 6s. 4d., part of 42,000l. in the income side of this account, as the said 24,953l. 6s. 4d. was assigned to the Marquess of Winchester and not received by this accomptant: also by the privy seal of 20 Aug., 1679, he is allowed 58,000l. for tallies on the Customs, which were not cashed and were delivered up to be cancelled, and 10,000l. for tallies which are to be applied to pay Richard Kent's account for tin 92,953 6 4
499,402 12 10½ 462,049 19
From 1680–1, Jan. 1, to 1681, June 24.
INCOME. EXPENDITURE.
l. s. d. l. s. d.
Money out of the Exchequer 225,972 15 11 Emptions and provisions 59,278 11 6
Stores lost or embezzled 6,176 18 8 Transportage and conveyance 2,006 18 10
Imprests cleared "because no such found nor charged under title of arrears" 3,317 4 11½ Admiralty and Navy Office salaries 7,037 16 5
Rent of the Lordship Fields at Chatham 15 0 0 Sundry rewards 545 9 2
Pensions and half pay 1,052 0 5
Freight of merchant ships 725 6 0
Pilotage 281 8
Wages in rigging time 450 14 0
Wages etc. to Ticket Office clerks etc. 361 5 0
Sundry disbursements 13,137 2
Chatham chest 398 6 5
Office rents 619 6 8
Travelling charges 610 16 2
Wages of officers and men 47,127 3 1
Press gang money and conduct money 45 6 10
Dockyard wages 19,889 9 7
Victuals extraordinary and necessary money for several ships 5,869 7
Royal bounty to Navy widows and orphans 50 1 0
Interest on Navy bill 41 1 2
Navy Office repairs 4,861 0 3
Separate items of interest authorised by Treasury warrants of dates 1678, Oct. 16; 1683, June 28; 1680, Nov. 13; 1677–8, Mar. 6; 1678, Aug. 26; 1678–9, Feb. 28; 1678, Sept. 9; 1679–80, Jan. 9; 1680, May 3; 1675, June 17; 1679, Nov. 19 22,031 11
Auditor's fees 120 0 0
Salary to the Navy Treasurer, his clerks etc. 1,900 0 0
Ordinary allowances 6 13 4
Charges on account of the thirty ships 10,275 11
Expenses of accomptant's clerks 21 5 0
Imprests in the time of this accompt (mainly for the Victualling, but including 12,214l. 13s. 6½d. for imprests for the thirty ships, of which some are prior to the present accompt) 157,285 4
356,029 16
Money paid to the succeeding Treasurer of the Navy 22,756 9 7
Customs bonds returned to the Deputy Remembrancer of the Exchequer 2,081 8
243,496 16 380,867 14 2
From 1681, June 9, to 1682, Dec. 31, for the Navy: and to 1682, Sept. 30, for building the thirty ships.
INCOME. EXPENDITURE.
l. s. d. l. s. d.
Money out of the Exchequer 548,628 15 Emptions and provisions 67,136 10
Money received of the late Treasurer of the Navy 22,756 9 7 Interest on tradesmen's bills for stores 1,428 15 6
Old goods and provisions sold 3,218 0 5 Admiralty and Navy Office salaries 18,388 17 2
Imprest bills paid by former Treasurers & declared within the time of this accompt 9,008 6 6 Rewards 670 12 4
Surgeons' imprests charged upon this accomptant 31 10 0 Pensions and half pay 4,152 0 6
Imprests cleared on the thirty ships' account 3,381 12 8 Pilotage 740 11 8
Defalcations on wages 810 0 4 Victualling charges for volunteers 306 18
Money received for Chatham Chest 4,331 4 3 Navy Office repairs etc. 455 16 9
Defalcations on ships and guardships books 1,682 6 5 Travelling charges 1,132 12 5
Money received for dead men's clothes and tobacco 229 5 3 Office rents 1,070 0 10
Sundry disbursements 1,339 6 0
Free gift to chirurgeons 227 19 5
Wages to officers and men 144,170 15 0
Dockyard wages 77,402 18 1
Royal bounty to widows and orphans 1,871 4 3
Payments on account of the thirty ships 18,090 7 8
Payments on account of the war with the French King 3,619 12
Salary to the accomptant, his clerks etc. 4,802 10 0
Ordinary allowances 16 13 4
Imprests in the time of this accompt (for Victualling mainly) 140,096 9
Imprests on account of the thirty ships 2,465 0 0
594,077 10 489,585 11 6
From 1682, Sept. 30, to 1683, Dec. 31.
INCOME. EXPENDITURE.
l. s. d. l. s. d.
Money out of the Exchequer 347,918 5 1 Emptions and provisions 59,670 7
Former imprest bills cleared in the time of this account 5,691 1 9 Admiralty and Navy Office salaries 20,191 9 2
Defalcations out of bills 254 10 10 Pensions to seamen 4,150 12 2
Defalcations for dead men's clothes and tobacco 77 12 3 Officers' half pay 646 10 9
Rent of the Lordship Fields at Chatham 30 0 0 Pilotage 567 13 6
Travelling charges 978 15 8
Loss of seamen's clothes burnt in an engagement against seven Algerine men of war off Naples in 1681 6 0 0
Office rents 863 17 6
Wages to seamen etc 82,417 10 0
Dockyard wages 54,396 16 3
Royal bounty to widows and orphans 819 19 11
Freight 2,066 7 8
Wages of seamen in rigging time 109 14 10
Ordinary allowances 16 13 4
Salaries of Navy Treasurer etc. 4,802 10 0
Imprests in the time of this accompt 126,126 11
353,971 9 11 367,186 8 11½
From 1683–4, Jan. 1, to 1684, Dec. 31 (including the Victualling Account).
INCOME. EXPENDITURE.
l. s. d. l. s. d.
Navy:
Money out of the Exchequer 325,970 2 11 Emptions and provisions 32,099 5 10
Sale of old ships and stores 835 3 10 Admiralty and Navy Office salaries 8,894 13 1
Former imprests cleared within the time of this accompt 3,826 19 2 Travelling charges 823 5 6
Abatements on bills etc. 399 6 10 Pensions 1,606 5 1
Defalcations for dead men's clothes and tobacco 117 2 9 Rewards and bounty 988 18 7
Offal, tallow etc. sold 567 12 Various disbursements 377 12 1
Freight 2,612 7 5
Seamen's wages in rigging time 394 2 9
Wages to seamen and officers of sundry ships 2,630 12 3
Victualling for volunteers 821 12
Seamen's wages 142,038 3 0
Stationery wares 42 10 0
Dockyard wages 65,854 8 4
Ordinary allowances 13 6 8
Salary to Navy Treasurer and his clerks etc. 4,037 1
Victualling:
Emptions and provisions 26,275 19 10¼
Petty provisions 8,879 17 11¼
Provisions by the Agents to the Victuallers at Portsmouth 4,965 10 0
Ditto at Plymouth 1,652 15 11
Freight 352 5 4
Office salaries 2,895 0 0
Office rent 44 10 0
Incidents 16 4 4
Imprests in the time of this accompt 8,253 6 9
331,716 7 318,432 12
From 1684–5, Jan. 1, to 1685, Dec. 31.
INCOME. EXPENDITURE.
l. s. d. l. s. d.
Navy:
Money out of the Exchequer 351,712 8 8 Emptions and provisions 44,028 19
Goods and provisions sold 298 1 3 Admiralty and Navy Office salaries 7,472 10 6
Former imprests cleared in the time of this accompt 1,899 12 5 Travelling charges 1,336 13 6
Abatements on bills etc. 452 5 Pilotage 963 6 8
Receipts for offal of cattle, tallow, decayed provisions etc. 568 11 Freight and transport 5,931 6 9
Rewards 731 9 11
Loss of clothes of Benjamin Ventris, burnt in an engagement with seven sail of Algerines on the 22nd May, 1681 2 0 0
Interest on tradesmen's bills of store 108 1 4
Office rents 881 5 0
Sundry disbursements 1,918 15 7
Annuities and pensions 2,500 0 6
Half pay 85 6 3
Bounty money 401 8 0
Particular wages 251 1 7
Seamen's wages 90,527 11 7
Dockyard wages 94,930 19 3
Ordinary allowances 23 6 8
Salary to the Navy Treasurer, his clerks etc. 4,057 0 0
Victualling:
Emptions and provisions 22,792 11 10½
Freight 441 14 10
Disbursements by Agents for Victualling in the outports 24,778 6
Work done at the bakehouse, brewhouse etc. 1,550 12 1
Office rent 196 5 10
Office salaries 3,100 0 0
Repairs and incidents 2,437 2 2
Imprests in the time of this accompt 7,009 5 10
354,930 19 2 318,532 18 1
Navy: Victualling. (fn. 2)
From 1679–80, Jan. 1, to 1680, Dec. 31.
Victuallers: Richard Brett, John Parsons and Samuel Vincent: under a contract dated 1679, Dec. 31.
INCOME. EXPENDITURE.
l. s. d. l. s. d.
Money received from the Navy Treasurer 87,579 5 11¼ Ordinary harbour victuals 9,124 7
Remains of victuals received from ships 494 9 Extraordinary harbour victuals 5,890 11
Credits made good by his Majesty 9 7 Victuals (England, Ireland, Tangier, Leghorn, Smyrna, Cales). 69,353 18 0
Sundry supplies of sea victuals, London, Leghorn, Dover etc. 2,887 19 10¾
Extra allowance of ¼d. per man per day on sea victuals for foreign service (viz. in Jamaica and Barbados beyond the usual 7¾d. per man per day) 93 6 8
Freight and demurrage 41 8 2
Rent of a storehouse at Tangier 108 4 6
Cask, hoop and bags 1,691 14 10
One fourth part of provisions returned 105 6 9
Money paid on bills of exchange 174 5 0
Interest on imprests delayed in payment 1,785 7 8
Ordinary allowances 40 0 0
88,093 2 10¼ 91,296 10
From 1680–1, Jan. 1, to 1681, Dec. 31.
Same Contractors.
INCOME. EXPENDITURE.
l. s. d. l. s. d.
Imprest money received from the Navy Treasurer 78,014 6 Ordinary and extraordinary victuals of ships lying in harbour 15,668 1 6
Balance of account for cask, hoop and bags. 321 2 10 Sea victuals, England and Ireland 33,244 13 2
Provisions returned into stores 68 1 3 Ditto, Tangier 15,340 16 8
Provisions defective, beer leaked and stinking etc. 244 13 1 Ditto, Leghorn 7,758 6 8
Ditto, Smyrna and Scanderoon 973 0 0
Sundry supplies of sea victuals 216 12
Cask, hoop and bags 144 3 6
One fourth part of provisions returned 17 0
Demurrage 277 5 0
Extra allowance as above of ¼d. per man per day in the West Indies 86 6 8
Removal and loss of stores 577 8
Rent 168 13 0
Interest on imprests delayed in payment 3,014 14 0
Ordinary allowances 40 0 0
78,648 3 84,702 5 7
From 1681–2, Jan., to 1682, Dec. 31.
Same Contractors.
INCOME. EXPENDITURE.
l. s. d. l. s. d.
Moneys imprested from the Treasurer of the Navy 75,447 0 6 Ordinary and extraordinary harbour victualling 15,372 10 6
Provisions returned into store 448 6 5 Additional allowance of sea bread and beer at Sheerness 59 10
Sea victuals, England and Ireland 32,602 1 2
Ditto, Tangier 14,857 0 8
Ditto, Leghorn 9,041 13 4
Ditto, Scanderoon 3,360 0 0
Sundry victuals delivered to pursers 10 15 2
Rent of storehouses etc. 255 2 9
Extraordinary freight beyond the obligation of their contract 11 3 4
Extraordinary allowance of ¼d. per man per day for the West Indies as above 150 10 0
Cask, hoop and bags 711 17 7
Allowance of threefourths on provisions returned from the Surat merchant 99 1
Interest on imprests delayed in payment 2,495 9 6
Ordinary allowance 40 0 0
75,895 6 11 85,121 11
From 1682–3, Jan. 1, to 1683, Dec. 31.
Same Contractors.
INCOME. EXPENDITURE.
l. s. d. l. s. d.
Moneys imprested from the Navy Treasurer 74,275 6 11 Ordinary and extraordinary harbour Victualling 18,787 9 0
Beer and pilchards received at Tangier from the Agent for the Tangier Victualling 256 6 Beer and biscuit issued to ships at Sheerness. 51 9 7
Cask, hoop and bags received from the James galley 162 1 0 Sea victuals, England and Ireland 27,291 16
Provisions (returned) omitted on former account 26 12 Ditto, Tangier 29,684 13 4
Provisions received from the agents of Anthony Sturt, Victualler at Tangier 3,530 11 4 Ditto, Leghorn 2,333 6 8
Defective provisions returned from ships 1,129 6 10½ Ditto, Smyrna 733 16 8
Beer leaked and stinking and credits made good by the King to pursers 818 7 9 Ditto, Scanderoon 1,306 13 4
Cask, hoop and bags returned from the King's ships & omitted in the account of cask 142 8 8 Sundry supplies of victuals, England and Tangier 254 14 10½
Repairs of Victualling Offices etc. 103 14 11 Extra allowance as above for West India victualling 131 16 8
Allowance of a fourth on provisions returned into store 161 18 11½
Rent 181 3 8
Allowance on provisions by order of the Navy Board 30 17
Overcharge on provisions received from Mr. Sturt at Tangier 717 14 2
Cask, hoop and bags 988 15 4
Beer delivered to the Woolwich in the Downs 44 16 10½
Interest on imprests delayed in payment 741 4 9
Ordinary allowances 40 0 0
80,444 16 92,708 10 10¾
Table VI.—Army Accounts.
RECEIVER AND PAYMASTER OF THE GUARDS, GARRISONS AND FORCES.
From 1679–80, Jan. 1, to 1680, Dec. 31.
INCOME. EXPENDITURE.
l. s. d. l. s. d.
Forces:
Money out of the Exchequer 206,721 11 0 King's own Troop of Guards under the Duke of Albemarle (1 captain, 4 lieuts., 1 cornet, 1 quarter-master, 1 chaplain, 1 chirurgeon and mate, 4 corporals, 4 trumpeters, 1 kettle drummer and 200 gentlemen) 17,946 4 0
Deduction of 12d. per £ out of pay 6,666 13 4 Queen's Troop of Horse Guards under Sir P. Howard (1 captain, 2 lieuts., 1 cornet, 4 corporals, 4 trumpeters, 1 kettle drummer 200 gentlemen, 1 quartermaster, 1 chaplain, 1 chirurgeon and mate) 17,122 14 0
Duke of York's Troop of Horse Guards under the Earl of Feversham (composed like the Queen's Troop) 16,939 14 0
His Majesty's Royal Regiment of Horse Guards under the Earl of Oxford (1 colonel, 8 captains, 8 lieuts., 8 cornets, 24 corporals, 16 trumpeters, 1 kettle drummer, 1 chirurgeon and mate, 400 troopers) 26,495 12 4
His Majesty's Troop of Dragoons under Captain William Strother (1 captain, 1 lieut., 1 cornet, 1 quartermaster, 1 serjeant, 2 corporals, 1 drummer, 40 soldiers) 552 0 0
His Majesty's Royal Regiment of Foot Guards under Col. John Russell (1 colonel, 1 lieut.-col., 1 major, 1 chaplain, 1 adjutant, 1 chirurgeon and mate, 1 quartermaster, 24 corporals, 24 lieutenants, 24 ensigns, 49 serjeants, 72 corporals, 1 drum major, 48 drummers, 1,440 soldiers: together with 1 chaplain, 1 master gunner and 6 gunners at Landguard Fort) 32,017 17 0
Coldstream Regiment of his Majesty's Foot Guards under the Earl of Craven (1 colonel, 1 lieut.-col., 1 major, 1 chaplain, 1 adjutant, 1 chirurgeon and mate, 1 quarter-master and marshal, 12 captains, 12 lieuts., 12 ensigns, 24 serjeants, 36 corporals, 1 drum major 24 drummers, 720 soldiers) 17,042 14 2
Duke of York's Regiment of Foot Guards of 12 companies under Sir Charles Littleton (1 colonel, 1 lieut.-col., 1 major, 1 chirurgeon and mate, 1 adjutant, 1 quartermaster and marshal, 12 captains, 12 lieuts., 12 ensigns, 24 serjeants, 36 corporals, 12 drummers, 630 soldiers: together with 1 governor, 1 chaplain, 1 chirurgeon, 1 master gunner and 13 gunners at Sheerness, and 1 chaplain, 1 master gunner and 6 gunners at Landguard Fort 13,889 19 10
Holland Regiment of Foot Guards of 12 companies under the Earl of Mulgrave (1 colonel, 1 lieut.-col., 1 major, 1 chirurgeon and mate, 1 adjutant, 1 quartermaster and marshal, 12 captains, 12 lieuts., 12 ensigns, 24 serjeants, 36 corporals, 600 soldiers: together with 1 gunner and 1 storekeeper at Cliffords Tower) 12,802 17 8
General officers of the Land Forces (Henry Howard, Commissary General; Mathew Locke, Secretary to the Forces; Sir Samuel Barrow, Judge Advocate; James Vernon, for pay; Col. James Halsall, Scout Master General; Sir Tho. Daniell, Adjutant General; John Knight, Chirurgeon General; Walter Baker, Marshal to the Horse Guards; Richard Plumpton, messenger to the Secretary of the Forces; Sir Charles Wheeler, Lieut.-Col.; Major Samuel Woodde, Adjutant to the three Troops of Horse Guards; Roger Hewit to look after the repairs of the Guards about St. James's and the Tiltyard; John Rawkins, solicitor to the Companies of the Regiments of Foot). 2,823 16 0
£157,633 9 0
Garrisons:
Berwick (1 captain, 1 lieut., 2 serjeants, 3 corporals, I drummer, 50 soldiers) 1,618 7 0
Carlisle (composition as above) 1,149 17 0
Chester (1 master gunner, 2 gunners) 73 4 0
Calshot Castle (governor, 1 master gunner, 3 gunners) 155 11 0
Chepstow (1 lieut., 1 ensign, 1 serjeant, 1 drummer, 18 privates, 1 malrosse)Dover Castle (fire and candle) 36 12 0
Gravesend and Tilbury (Governor and 1 Foot Company composed of 1 captain, 1 lieut., 1 ensign, 2 serjeants, 3 corporals, 1 drummer, 50 soldiers) 1,781 4 0
Guernsey (2 Companies of Foot of 2 captains, 2 lieuts., 2 ensigns, 4 serjeants, 6 corporals, 2 drummers, 100 soldiers) 2,198 19 0
Hull and the blockhouses (Governor, Lieut.-Governor and 2 Companies of Foot composed as above). 2,765 4 0
Holy Island (master gunner and 4 gunners) 109 16 0
Hurst Castle (Governor, 1 master gunner, 3 gunners) 137 5 0
Jersey (2 Companies of Foot composed as above) 2,263 2 0
Jersey, Earl of St. Albans as compensation for the surrender of his place of Governor of Jersey 5,637 8 4
Jamaica, Sir Thomas Lynch as Major-General 300 0 0
Portsmouth (Governor, Lieut.-Governor, 6 Companies of Foot, 1 storekeeper, 1 porter, 1 master gunner, 29 gunners. 7,316 14 6
Pendennis Castle (1 Company of Foot, 1 master gunner, 8 gunners) 1,204 15 0
Plymouth (Governor, Lieut.-Governor, 2 complete Companies of Foot, 1 storekeeper, 2 master gunners, 22 gunners) 3,108 9 0
Scilly Island (1 Company of Foot, 1 master gunner, 10 gunners) 1,274 18 0
Scarborough Castle (1 master gunner, 3 gunners) 91 10 0
Tynemouth Castle and Cliffords Fort (Governor, 1 Company of Foot, 1 master gunner, 4 gunners, 1 storekeeper: and at Cliffords Fort 1 master gunner, 4 gunners) 1,622 12 0
The Tower of London (3 captains, 3 lieuts., 3 ensigns, 6 serjeants, 9 corporals, 150 soldiers, 1 master gunner, 4 gunners) 3,440 8 0
Upnor Castle, Gillingham and Cockham Wood (1 lieut., 1 corporal, 30 soldiers, 2 master gunners, 6 gunners) 887 11 0
Windsor Castle (Lieut.-Governor, 1 Company of Foot, 1 storekeeper, 1 master gunner, 6 gunners) 1,305 8 0
Isle of Wight (1 Company of Foot, 1 captain, 30 soldiers, 1 master gunner, 4 gunners in Yarmouth Fort; 1 master gunner, 4 gunners at Carisbrooke Castle; 1 master gunner, 2 gunners at Cowes Castle) 2,322 5 8
St. Mawes (1 master gunner, 1 gunner) 54 18 0
York and Cliffords Tower (Governor and fire and candle) 591 10 0
Yarmouth (master gunner and 3 gunners) 91 10 0
Virginia (from 1679, July 1, to 1679–80, Jan. 1: Governor, Lieut.-Governor, Major General, Commissary, Sir Henry Checkley's Company) 2,245 2 8
Cinque Ports (see composition in Calendar of Treasury Books, Vol. V, p. 531) 1,222 15 0
Army pensions 1,855 17
Contingencies:
Medicaments 275 9 0
Fire and candle for the several Courts of Guards 536 17 6
Repairs of Guard House 525 15 6
Commissary General 20 0 0
Stationery ware 71 19 8
Thomas Jones, quarter-master to Col. J. Russell's Regiment, for an allowance to the soldiers lodging in the Savoy 60 0 0
Allowances of the King's bounty 1,551 14 0
Pensions to reformed officers of the Duke of Monmouth's late Regiments of Horse and Foot 1,508 19 0
Casual and incidental payments 958 5 1
Particular services relating to the Forces 1,377 8 4
Paymaster General's salary 366 0 0
213,388 4 4 213,098 10
From 1680–1, Jan. 1, to 1681, Dec. 31.
INCOME. EXPENDITURE.
l. s. d. l. s. d.
Forces:
Money out of the Exchequer 238,703 10 0 King's Own Troop of Horse Guards 17,866 13 4
Deduction of 12d. per £ from Army pay 6,666 13 4 Queen's Troop of Horse Guards 17,075 18 4
Duke of York's Troop of Horse Guards 16,893 8 4
King's Royal Regiment of Horse Guards 26,471 12 6
King's Troop of Dragoons 1,095 0 0
King's Royal Regiment of Foot Guards 32,035 3 4
Coldstream Regiment of Foot Guards 16,957 3 4
Duke of York's Regiment of Foot Guards 13,815 5 0
Holland Regiment of Foot Guards 12,696 18 6
General offices 2,466 7 6
157,373 10 2
Garrisons:
Berwick 1,613 19 1
Carlisle 1,146 14 2
Chester Castle 73 0 0
Calshot Castle 155 2 6
Chepstow 365 0 0
Dover Castle, fire and candle 36 10 0
Gravesend blockhouses and Tilbury Fort 1,782 8 8
Guernsey 2,211 5 10
Hull and the blockhouses 109 10 0
Hurst Castle 155 2 6
Jersey 2,256 18 4
Earl of St. Albans for surrender of Governorship of Jersey 1,000 0 0
Portsmouth 7,341 7 7
Pendennis Castle 1,210 11 8
Plymouth and St. Nicholas Island 3,110 8 6
Scilly 1,247 1 8
Scarborough Castle 91 5 0
Tynemouth and Cliffords Fort 1,618 3 4
Tower of London 3,431 0 0
Upnor Castle, Gillingham and Cockham Woods 885 2 6
Windsor Castle 1,031 16 8
Isle of Wight 2,321 19 2
St. Mawes 54 15 0
York and Cliffords Tower 591 5 0
Yarmouth 94 8 0
Yearly and other allowances 2,286 2
39,251 10
Contingencies:
Medicaments 173 0 0
Fire and candle 676 15 0
Henry Howard, Commissary General 20 0 0
Stationery wares 111 5 9
Thomas Jones, quartermaster 60 0 0
Royal bounty 374 11 0
Particular services 1,033 15 4
Reformed officers of the Duke of Monmouth's Regiment 1,354 17 0
Casual payments 387 6 7
4,191 10 8
Payments to persons respited on the musters and afterwards allowed 176 10 0
Salary of Paymaster-General of the Forces 365 0 0
245,370 3 4 201,358 1
From 1681–2, Jan. 1, to 1682, Dec. 31.
INCOME. EXPENDITURE.
l. s. d. l. s. d.
Forces:
Money from the Treasury Lords 172,083 11 8 General officers 2,904 7 6
Deduction of 12d. per £ 6,666 13 4 King's Troop of Horse Guards 17,744 13 4
Queen's Troop of Horse Guards 17,075 18 4
Duke of York's Troop of Horse Guards 16,969 18 4
King's Royal Regiment of Horse Guards 26,471 7 6
King's Troop of Dragoons 1,095 0 0
King's Royal Regiment of Foot Guards 32,120 3 4
Coldstream Regiment of Foot Guards 16,941 18 4
Duke of York's Regiment of Foot Guards 13,815 5 0
Holland Regiment of Foot Guards 12,844 19 2
157,983 15 10
Garrisons:
Berwick 1,613 19 0
Carlisle 1,146 14 2
Chester 60 16 0
Calshot Castle 155 2 6
Chepstow 365 0 0
Dover, fire and candle 36 10 0
Gravesend and Tilbury 1,812 16 8
Guernsey 2,211 5 10
Hull and blockhouses 2,742 6 8
Holy Island 109 10 0
Hurst Castle 136 17 6
Jersey 1,247 1 8
Earl of St. Albans 1,000 0 0
Pay of Forces in Jamaica (2 Companies) 3,109 3 2
Major General at Jamaica 600 0 0
St. Mawes 54 15 0
Portsmouth 7,317 15 8
Pendennis Castle 757 13 0
Plymouth and St. Nicholas Island 3,110 8 6
Scilly 1,247 1 8
Scarborough Castle 91 5 0
Tynemouth and Cliffords Tower 1,618 3 4
Tower of London 3,431 0 0
Upnor, Gillingham and Cockham Woods 885 2 6
Windsor Castle 1,301 16 8
Isle of Wight 3,331 15 10
York 191 5 0
Yarmouth 98 10 0
Pay of Forces in Virginia, Lord Colepeper as Governor General, officers and 2 Companies of Foot of 100 men each: disbanded 1682, April 30, as by the sign manual of 1682, June 24 8,341 11 8
Cinque Ports (as by the sign manual of 1682, Aug. 1) 1,222 15 0
Pensions detailed 3,512 13
53,260 16
Contingencies:
Medicaments 173 0 0
Fire and candle 614 1 7
Henry Howard, Commissary General 20 0 0
Stationery wares 188 8 9
Thomas Jones, quarter master 60 0 0
Royal bounty 361 13 4
Particular services 3,562 1 8
Reformed officers as by sign manual of 1682–3, Mar. 23 3,168 11 6
Reformed officers of Duke of Monmouth's Regiment 1,252 8
Casual payments 1,161 3 7
Paymaster General's salary 365 0 0
178,750 5 0 222,166 0
From 1682–3, Jan. 1, to 1683, Dec. 31.
INCOME. EXPENDITURE.
l. s. d. l. s. d.
Forces:
Money out of the Exchequer 201,222 15 0 General officers 2,503 3 6
Deduction of 12d. per £ 3,333 6 8 King's Troop of Horse Guards 17,714 13 4
Queen's Troop of Horse Guards 17,075 18 4
Duke of York's Troop of Horse Guards 16,984 13 4
King's Royal Regiment of Horse Guards 26,471 12 6
King's Troop of Dragoons 1,095 0 0
King's Royal Regiment of Foot Guards 32,424 3 4
Coldstream Regiment of Foot Guards 16,622 3 2
Duke of York's Regiment of Foot Guards 13,815 5 0
Holland Regiment of Foot Guards 12,844 19 2
157,551 11 8
Garrisons:
Berwick 1,613 19 1
Carlisle 1,146 14 2
Chester 73 0 0
Calshot Castle 155 2 6
Chepstow 365 0 0
Dover Castle, fire and candle 36 10 0
Guernsey 2,211 5 10
Gravesend and Tilbury 1,812 16 8
Hull and the blockhouse 2,757 11 8
Holy Island 109 10 0
Hurst Castle 136 17 6
Jersey 1,247 1 8
Earl of St. Albans 1,000 0 0
Pendennis 73 0 0
Portsmouth 7,335 5 8
Plymouth and St. Nicholas Island 3,104 5 6
St. Mawes 54 15 0
Scilly 1,247 1 8
Scarborough 91 5 0
Tynemouth and Clifford's Fort 1,609 1 4
Tower 3,431 0 0
Upnor, Gillingham and Cockham Woods 885 2 6
Windsor Castle 1,301 16 8
Isle of Wight 3,331 15 10
York 591 5 0
Yarmouth 100 9 0
Cinque Ports 1,222 15 0
Major General of Jamaica 300 0 0
Pensions 2,447 14 8
39,792 11 0
Contingencies:
Medicaments 209 0 0
Fire and candle for the Guards 900 4 2
Hy. Howard, Commissary General 20 0 0
Stationery wares 154 10 1
T. Jones, quartermaster general 60 0 0
Royal bounty 416 3 0
Particular services relating to the services 3,997 14 6
Lord Colepeper 425 7 9
Casual disbursements 1,821 16 4
Reformed officers 1,993 14 2
Ditto (Duke of Monmouth's Regiment) 1,743 15 0
Two Troops of Dragoons under Lord J. Churchill and Visct. Cornbury 612 9 0
12,354 14 0
Pay of 3 Troops of Grenadiers added to the Horse Guards, each of 2 lieuts., 2 serjeants, 2 corporals, 2 drummers, 2 hoboys and 64 Grenadiers established 1683, July 1; the King's Troop under the Duke of Albemarle, Queen's Troop under Sir Philip Howard, Duke of York's Troop under the Earl of Feversham 5,222 8 0
Salary of Paymaster General 365 0 0
204,556 1 8 215,285 14 7

Footnotes

  • 1. Declared account audit Bundle 47, Roll 8 (Pipe account 310) (the account of James Nelthorpe and John Lawson for the disbandment) is only a partial account and refers only to the disbandment in the country, that is it does not include the London and Westminster disbandment. The funds put into their hands (the total being 385,798l. 6s. 3½d. including some items of arrears) represented only such portions of the Three Months' Poll, and Two Months' assessments as the Treasurers of those assessments did assign unto them. Their total payments of arrears amounted to 341,637l. 6s. 9½d.
  • 2. Up to 1683, Dec. 31, the Victualling was let out to contractors, who rendered their own accounts of their debts and credits. In the Navy Treasurer's accounts the Victuallers' debits are represented or coverd by the item of "imprests in the time of this accompt"; the method being that the Navy Treasurer imprested so much to the Victuallers in the course of each year and the Victuallers had to account for this charge as a super upon themselves. From the 1st of Jan., 1683–4, the Victualling was taken in hand by the Administration and was managed by a separate body of Victualling Commissioners. From this point onwards the Victualling Account is included in the general Navy Treasurer's Account.