N

Nabrech, Hassan, or Cuscuistti Bey, Persian Ambassador to Europe, 922, 934, 937, 940, 942, 943, 945, 952, 957, 962, 972, 974, 979, 982, 985, 992, 993, 1003 1028.

Nani, Agostino, Venetian Ambassador in Spain, despatches from, 353, 355, 356, 361, 362, 364, 366, 369, 373, 375, 377, 381, 386, 388, 389, 394, 395, 396, 402, 405, 406, 408, 412, 413, 416, 418, 421, 422, 430, 432, 436, 437, 439, 446, 450, 451, 457, 460, 462, 463, 466, 467, 469, 470, 471, 473, 475, 476, 478, 479, 481, 484, 485, 491, 492, 493, 497, 501, 502, 506, 507, 511, 519, 520, 528, 531, 534, 537, 538, 539, 544, 547, 548, 557, 564, 566, 570, 572, 580, 583, 588, 589, 591, 595, 599, 600, 605, 607, 610, 612, 618, 619, 620, 621, 624, 625, 629, 634, 635, 640, 645, 649, 653, 657, 659, 666, 669, 670, 675, 676, 679, 682, 683, 685, 690, 691, 693, 697, 699, 700, 701, 725, 731, 740, 747;

in Turkey, despatches from, 904, 906, 914, 918, 923, 926, 931, 936, 941, 949, 950, 951, 953, 959, 960, 961, 963, 969, 976, 983, 984, 986, 989, 997, 1004, 1031, 1033, 1037, 1045, 1055, 1067, 1070, 1082, 1086, 1103, 1104, 1109, 1123;

arrives at Zante, 1118;

report to, on loss of the “Veniera and Company,” 1124.

Nantes, 306, 400, 684.

Naples, 128, 144.

Narbonne, Spanish designs in, 1075.

Nassau, Jean de, Admiral of Zealand, bastard brother of Count Maurice, his French mission (1598), 664.

-, Maurice de. See Maurice, Count.

- See also, Orange, Prince of.

Navarino, Turkish fleet at, 1038;

mentioned, 1124, 1150.

Navarre, Franco-Spanish dispute as to title of King of, 908.

Neda, 629B.

Negro, Ottavio, Venetian, arrested in England, 581.

Negroes of the Congo petition Philip II. to stay Portuguese traffic in Christian slaves, 389.

- of St. Thomas, dreaded rising of, 866.

Negroni, Andrea, a dragoman, 925.

Negropont, 209, 1038, 1147, 1148, 1153.

Netherlands, United, sometimes called “Flanders,” (1592), reinforcements sent from, to Henry IV., 16, 44, 49.

-, -, -, ships of, at Dieppe, 78.

-, -, -, contingent from, with Henry IV., seek to go home, 88.

-, -, -, English garrisons with, drawn from (Flanders), 99.

-, -, (1593), negotiations of Archduke Ernest with, 226.

-, -, -, conference of representatives of, with Henry IV., at Dieppe, 238.

-, -, (1594), recruiting by, in England, 249.

-, -, -, English troops arrive in, 265.

-, -, -, dearth in (Flanders), 306.

-, -, (1595), Anglo-French alliance with (Flanders), 327.

-, -, -, party of “Hollanders” from, for Indies, 342.

-, -, -, abortive negotiation for joint naval action with England, 345.

-, -, -, ships of (Flanders), trading in salt at Setubal, seized by Spanish, 345, 479.

-, -, -, desire in, for peace with Spain, 350.

-, -, -, jealousy in, of growing power of Henry IV., 374.

-, -, -, military policy of England directed by consideration for, 376.

-, -, -, aid sought from, by Henry IV., 380.

-, -, (1596), Spanish relations with, past and to come, memorandum on;

English garrisons in, 388.

-, -, -, trading ships of, admitted into Spanish ports, 388, 396, 695.

-, -, -, preliminary conditions required by, of peace with Spain, 399.

-, -, -, distrust in, of Henry IV., 403.

-, -, -, designs of, on Dunquerque, 414.

-, -, -, Spanish proposals for pacification of (Flanders);

distrust in, of Philip II., 416.

-, -, -, English troops withdrawn from, for Cadiz expedition, 419.

-, -, -, ships from, to join English, 441.

-, -, -, treaty between, England, and France, signed, 449, 455, 464, 474, 486, 522.

-, -, -, ships of, leave London, to avoid striking flag to English admiral, 458.

-, -, -, veterans from, in Cadiz expedition, 463, 476.

-, -, -, Duke of Bouillon's mission to, 504.

-, -, -, export from, of grain, to Flanders, Italy and Spain, stopped, 504.

-, -, (1597), attitude of, to Spain, and English relations with, 526, 543, 557.

-, -, -, contingent from, in English fleet, 569.

-, -, -, quarrel in, between Holland and Zealand, over custom dues, 575.

-, -, -, ships from, in Levant, 622.

-, -, -, fleet of, returns to port, 642.

-, -, -, help offered by, to Henry IV., 644.

-, -, (1598), position of, in regard to Franco-Spanish negotiations leading to peace of Vervins, 650, 651, 656, 658, 661, 663, 664, 665, 667, 668, 669, 670, 672, 674, 675, 677, 681, 684, 686. See also Vervins.

-, -, -, representatives of, 664,

join Henry IV. in Brittany, 674, 681, 684, 680;

depart, 695.

-, -, -, great preparations in, for single-handed resistance to Spain, 674.

-, -, -, present made by merchants of, to Earl of Cumberland, for blockading their trade-rivals in Lisbon, 682.

-, -, -, effects on, of treaty of Vervins, 688, 689, 695, 701, 704.

-, -, -, split in, 701.

-, -, -, English envoy to, 704.

-, -, -, meeting of States in, to decide on peace or war, 710.

-, -, -, East Indian trade captured by, from Portuguese, 712.

-, -, -, motives inclining, to peace, 712, 717.

-, -, -, envoys from, to England, 713, 716, 729;

their return home, 742, 743.

-, -, -, English aid for, 719.

-, -, -, terms of treaty between, and England, 743, 745;

full text of, 773.

-, -, -, N.E. route to China attempted by ships from, 746, 813.

-, -, -, union of their fleet with English dreaded in Spain, 751, 754, 760.

-, -, -, shipping of, seized in Spain, 755.

-, -, -, advance against, of Admiral of Aragon, 759.

-, -, (1599), renewal in, of solemn oath, never to make peace with Spain, 766.

-, -, -, aid promised to, by England, 777.

-, -, -, recruiting for, in France, 774, 778, 1052.

-, -, -, belief in, that in event of peace between England and Spain, the Queen would continue to assist them with money, 796.

-, -, -, repulse of fleet of, from Corunna, 799;

union effected by with English, 801;

off the Canaries, 807, 812, 820;

return home (1600) of fleet, 862.

-, -, -, ships of, in English pay, 807.

-, -, -, East Indian trade of, 813.

-, -, -, separation of, from Spain, advocated by Spanish Ambassador in France, 815.

-, -, -, England notified by, of their absolute refusal to negotiate peace with Flanders, 835;

the Queen's exhortation to them to concur, 838;

refusal persisted in, their offer to place themselves under protection of France, 839, 840, 841.

-, -, -, canal on the Waal made by, to avoid fortress of St. Andrew, 839.

-, -, -, English refusal to surrender strong places in, to Spain, 842, 867, 873, 883.

-, -, -, Imperial Commissioners to, concerning peace with Spain, refused passports, 840,

admitted, 850,

their answer given them, 898.

-, -, (1600), seizure by, of French ships bringing wine and salt to Calais, intended for Flanders, 851, 860.

-, -, -, toll of ships in North Sea claimed by, 851.

-, -, -, threatened sequestration of shipping of, at Venice, in retaliation for outrage by Dutch on Venetian ship, 859.

-, -, -, active prosecution by, of war, as reply to Anglo-Spanish peace negotiations in Flanders, capture by, of fort in Brabant, 863.

-, -, -, island of St. Thomas sacked by, 866.

-, -, -, Spanish proposal that trade between, and England should cease, except through Antwerp, 868, 876, 883.

-, -, -, fleet of, sails, 870, 871.

-, -, -, financed by France, 876, 911.

-, -, -, surrender to, by mutineers in Flanders, of fortress of St. Andrew, 889.

-, -, -, truce with, for term of years, desired by Archduke Albert, 893.

-, -, -, explicit refusal by, to negotiate peace, 898.

-, -, -, victory of, at battle of Nieuport, 898, 902.

-, -, (1601), their (Flemish) trade in Levant covered by English flag, 936, 950, 963, 969, 976, 983, 987.

-, -, -, suspected by Queen Elizabeth of promoting Essex's rebellion, 990,

cleared, 996.

-, -, -, fleet of, combines with English, 996.

-, -, -, French vessels, on way to Spain, searched by, 1006.

-, -, -, expedition from, to relieve Ostend, 1008, 1012, 1026, 1052.

-, -, -, negotiations between, and England, and anxiety in, concerning siege of Ostend, 1010, 1011.

-, -, -, French aid for, in money, 1023;

in volunteers, 1028.

-, -, -, strong places in, held by English, offer themselves to Henry IV., 1023.

-, -, -, Henry IV. urged by Pope to suspend diplomatic relations with, 1041.

-, -, (1602), French commerce, and diplomatic relations with, deuounced by Spain, 1060, 1071, 1079.

-, -, -, support given to, by England, in struggle with Spain, the salvation of Europe, 1075

-, -, -, forces of, engaged at Ostend, 1081.

-, -, -, Spinola's galleys destroyed by, 1096, 1098.

-, -, -, truce offered to, by Spain, 1097, 1101.

-, -, -, peace offered to, by Spain, 1106.

-, -, (1603), further negotiations between, and Archduke, 1130.

-, -, -, union of Dutch and English ships, for blockade of Dunquerque, 1136, 1142.

-, -, -, negotiations of, with Queen Elizabeth, for remission of annual instalment of debt due to, 1136.

-, -, -, their abandonment by England insisted on by Archduke, the Queen's steady refusal, 1142.

-, -, -, application by, to Queen Elizabeth, for troops to crush Flanders, her objection to their complete success, 1154, 1159.

-, -, -, anticipated control of, by King James, 1163.

-, - See also, Maurice, Count.

Neufchâtel (France), Henry IV. at, 27;

garrison of, succours Rouen, 44.

Neutrals, goods of, exempt from seizure on enemy's ships, 1171, 1172. See also “Free Trade.”

-, rights of, 895, 896, 986.

Nevers, Duke de, quarrels (1592) with Henry IV., 9;

supports him in action, 25;

negotiates peace, 55;

at Dieppe (1593), 142;

visits England (1602) in State, 1064, 1132

Newlyn. See England, A.D. 1595.

News letters from Lisbon (September 1594), 305, 306;

(July 1595), 360;

(October 1595), 378;

(June 1596), 458.

Nieullai, bridge of Calais, 423.

Nieuport, 629B, 1042, 1081, 1098.

-, battle of, 898, 902.

Nigni Novgorod, 922.

Nombre di Dios, 421, 437, 438.

Nonsuch, treaty made at, 773.

Norfolk, Duke of, his son, nephew of Lord Howard of Ethingham, in command (1599) of English fleet, 815.

Normandy, English wool trade in, 769.

Norris, Colonel, in command in Brittany and Ireland, 376,

battle with O'Neil, 376, 378.

Nort, Wílhelm, Dutch merchant at Calais, 1131.

North, Roger, Lord North, his signature to treaty with Dutch, 773.

Northumberland, Earl of. See Percy, Henry; see also Cumberland, Earl of.

Norton, Thomas, English merchant at Zante, 163.

Norwegian fisheries, Danish and English rivalry for, 883.

Nottingham, Earl of. See Howard, Charles.

Nua, M. della, 774.

Nuova Zembla, Dutch attempt to find trade route by, 813, see also 746.

O

O'Donel, The (Conte di Odunel), in rebellion, 414.

O'Neil, Hugh, Earl of Tyrone, revolts (1595) in Ireland, 322, 376, 378,

burns prisoners of war as heretics, 378,

captures fort, 414;

revolt of, 432, 458, 474;

great victory of, 519;

alleged desertion to, of English lord, 520;

activity of English against, 522;

welcomes Spanish in Ireland, 531;

progress of his rebellion, 569;

his success against English, 746;

his losses, 803;

his negotiations with Earl of Essex, 822, 824, 827, 1162

intercepted letters of, to King of Spain, 874;

his raid on Munster, his brother in-law's death, 883;

Spanish support of, 1010, 1014, 1023, 1024, 1025;

Scottish unofficial aid for, 1025;

improved position of, 1027;

Scottish troops to be employed against, 1029;

his inability to co-operate with Spanish at Kinsale, 1036, 1043;

effects junction with, 1047;

his defeat, 1048 1049;

his whereabouts unknown, 1069;

terms offered to, by England, 1077;

desperate position of, 1090, 1093, 1100;

his surrender at discretion required, 1112;

French intercession for, 1132;

his pardon, 1154, 1159, 1162, 1167.

Oaths, absolved by Pope, 140.

Olden-Barneveldt, Jehan van, Lord of Tampel, Advocate General and Keeper of the Seal of Holland and West Frisia, Envoy of the United Netherlands in France (1598), 664,

in England (1599), 773.

Olivarez, Count, 140, 211.

Omen, at siege of Amiens, 604.

Opouls le Fort, 700.

Orange, Prince of, his arrival in Flanders (1596) of no aid to Spanish designs, 388;

conveys money to Flanders from Spain, 1072.

-, William, Prince of, his maxim, re grain trade, 504.

-, Principality of, agent of Count Maurice at Paris, to take possession of, 658.

Orembey, dragoman, 35, 36, 40, 45.

Orfeo, Colonel, military report by, on Turkish strength, 516.

Organ, built by Thomas Dallam, sent as present to Sultan on the “Hector” (1599), 814.

Orkneys, the, aid from, for Irish rebels, 322;

Scottish war against, 414.

Orleans, 449.

Ormonde, Earl of. See Butler.

Ormuz, English trade to, 624, 930;

Spanish fortress at, 959.

Orsini, Don Virginio, agent from Grand Duke of Tuscany in England, 982.

Ostend in Flanders, mortgaged to England, 388;

threatened attack on, 398, 446, 464;

fortified, 461;

rumoured loss of, 502;

Spanish attempt on, 719;

negotiations for surrender of, 756;

forts near taken by Count Maurice, 898;

battle (of Nieuport) near, 898;

siege of, begun, 1007, 1008;

relation of siege to European politics, 1010, 1011;

French interest in siege, 1012, 1013, 1014, 1016, 1019;

details of siege, 1020;

effects of siege on English policy, 1022;

progress of siege, 1026, 1039;

besieged reinforced, 1042, 1047, 1050;

Spanish persistence, 1052;

sufferings of besiegers and besieged, 1056;

mutiny of Spaniards suppressed, 1056, 1063;

reliefs poured in, 1063;

English and German reliefs for, 1069;

siege continued, 1072, 1080;

forces engaged on either side, 1081;

damage done by Archduke's artillery at, 1131;

Queen Elizabeth's interest in its fate, 1136.

Ottobon, Secretary, Venetian, 109.

Oweis Pasha, 13.