E

East India Company, the Dutch:
-, negotiations with, 339; will not surrender treaties with native princes, 370; treaty arranged, 375, 377.
-, opposition to Orange, 382.

-, the English, 351, 458.

share of Papenburgh prize, 100; ships reach home, 105.

Dutch prizes sold by, 121; representations against sale of goods from Dutch prizes, 442.

directors of, in no hurry to begin negotiations with Dutch, 279; settlement with Dutch, 375, 377.

East Indies, India:
-, fleet goes to intercept Dutch ships from, 90; Dutch ships from, 104–5, 108.
-, English fleet in, chases Dutch, 100; Dutch offer English advantages in, 106–7; offer to surrender fortresses taken in, 205.
-, English ships from, 114, 121; English demands of Dutch concerning trade of, 203; Dutch ready to negotiate about, 205; English want questions about to be settled, 207; Dutch will not bind themselves to anything about, 210; arrangement about, for peace, 214, 218.
-, Dutch ambassadors have strict instructions about trade of, 252; commissioners appointed to treat about, 270; Spain to pronounce award, 275.
-, English complain of Dutch excesses in, 280; Dutch unlikely to yield willingly advantages in, 286; negotiations with Dutch about, 324, 351; they hope for good agreement, 325; treaty arranged, 374, 377.

Edinburgh, recalcitrant advocates banished from, 372.

Eger, Bohemia, emperor's manifesto dated at, 128n.

Ehrenstein, E., Swedish ambassador at the Hague, warning given to, 351n.

Elbe, River, German Empire, English ships burned in, 2.

Elboeuf, Maria Eleanora, Mademoiselle d', suggested as bride for York, 36n.

Eleanor, the empress, widow of Ferdinand III:
-, disliked idea of York-Innsbruck match, 24.
-, York might treat with, 52.

Eleanora Magdalen, eldest daughter of Neuburg, suggested bride for York, 31, 52, 59.

electors of the empire, 351.

Elizabeth, queen of England:
-, did not claim salute from Dutch, 194; precedent of succession quoted, 221.
-, laws of, touching priests, 328; act of referred to, 367.

Embi. See Osborne, Thomas, earl of Danby.

emperor. See Ferdinand III; Leopold.

empire. See Germany.

empress. See Claudia Felicitas; Eleanor; Margaret Teresa.

England:
-, 1673:
-,-, preparing hostilities, 1; people weary of heavy taxes, 11.
-,-, no war with Spain, to avoid giving offence to, 9; anxiety in to learn intentions of Spain, 43.
-,-, Colbert tries to curry favour with, but people strong against French alliance, 28; Charles accused of sacrificing to glory of France, 52.
-,-, malcontents multiply, ministers divided, 52; change and confusion reign in, 68.
-,-, looks for easy victory over Dutch, 67; idea of holding strong places overseas condemned in, 75.
-,-, too dangerous to infringe a statute in, 69: address from Norfolk might have stirred rebellion in, 84.
-,-, most of disturbances in encouraged by ministers, 84; government of not held in high repute in France, 86.
-,-, France and Sweden not anxious for naval supremacy of, 85; consternation in owing to lack of success in war, 100.
-,-, remains united with France through tie of gold, 86; Salinas sent by Monterey to detach from France, 87; Spaniards consider of very little importance, 101.
-,-, possibility of Louis sending French troops to, 87; need of for speedy peace, 97.
-,-, regard professed by Venice for, 120–1; embassy to shunned by every one, 134.
-,-, relieved by arrival of E. and W. India fleets, 121; events in held in no account at Rome, 145.
-,-, ill feeling against France growing in, 122, 180; jealousy at successes of Louis, 133.
-,-, special article touching in Spanish-Dutch treaty, 128; fears of rupture with Spain, 162.
-,-, exactions of crown an innovation in, 155; excessive cost of living in, 156; weakened by bad harvests, 160.
-,-, troops from, for France, 160; disaster to, 180.
-,-, prefers war with France to breach with Spain, 163; dread of war with Spain because of stagnation of trade, 170.
-,-, people subside at prorogation of parliament, 174; lowest in claim right to discuss religion and politics, 182.
-,-, disturbances in likely to make French burdens heavier, 175; Colbert blamed for rendering France unpopular in, 182.
-,-, king's policy of winning by blandishments, a mistake, 176; roused by fear of popery, capable of any excess, 182; proclamation about Catholics issued to humour, 183.
-,-, Spanish threat of war with, 180–1.
-,-, rooted prejudice against Catholic religion, 185; incapable of a moderate republic, 193.
-,-, scant attention to ceremonial at Court of, 186.
-,-, dissolution of parliament likely to exasperate, 192.
-, 1674:
-,-, bent on peace with Dutch, 196, 214; peace necessary to avoid throwing into greater confusion, 217.
-,-, makes no provision for the future and trusts to chance, 196; Spanish bias of, 199; Fresno thinks Spain may lose rather than gain by rebellion in, 202.
-,-, Ruvigny complains of hostility of people, 200; satisfaction in at restoration of Orange's dignities, 216.
-,-, king shows danger of curbing and advisability of giving a run, 206; York's advice stirred suspicion of, 228.
-,-, Spain hesitates about hostilities with, 209; Venetian goodwill towards, 214, 217.
-,-, opinion about peace beginning to divide, 215; satisfied about peace but critical of means, 218; considers peace disadvantageous and provisional, 239.
-,-, breach with France and peace do not tranquillise nor expel suspicion, 219; unparalleled confusion in, 227, 238; causes of, 227.
-,-, cattle trade of, and Ireland, 229, 230; French industry can alone rouse, 239.
-,-, rooted antipathy for France, 234; Dutch more dangerous to, 236.
-,-, interest for war to continue between France and Dutch, 235, 246; has neither strength nor inclination for mediation, 238; Spain no longer insists on undertaking mediation, 240.
-,-, peace does not dispel animosity against Dutch, 241; beginning to repent of peace, 246; plan for alliance with Sweden and Denmark, 255.
-,-, self reliance, neglects friends and supporters, 247; distrusted by allies, especially Spaniards, 288.
-,-, Dutch spared in war, because not in favour of it, 271; aware of mistake in ending Dutch war, 288.
-,-, divisions daily multiply in, 271; situation rendered more stable, 279.
-,-, influence of trade on feelings to Spain, 272; Fresno stirred up people against crown, 277.
-,-, import of Venetian glass to, 272.
-,-, growing feeling against Dutch, 291; jealousy of Dutch prestige at sea, 292, 302.
-,-, deep interest in religious question, 291; losing ground chiefly through internal divisions, 318.
-,-, stir in at prorogation of parliament, 297–8.
-,-, ministers wish to impress with need to protect trade against Dutch, 300.
-, 1675:
-,-, panic in, at possible surprise by Dutch, 336; van Beuningen foments malcontents in, 376, 378.
-,-, fortunate state of averred, 353; high cost of living in, 396, 420.
-,-, prorogation of parliament deeply resented in, 371; tired of restoration parliament, 392; liable to sudden changes, 427.
-,-, free expression of opinion in, 438, 451; abundance of food and comfort customary in, 447.
-,-, interest of, not to forward peace, 467; war of neighbours advantageous for, 469.
-,-, Commons order inquiry into state of, Court perturbed, 471–2, 485.

-, king of. See Charles I; Charles II; Henry VIII; James I; Richard II; William the Conqueror.

-, mediation of. See under mediation.

-, merchants of. See merchants, English.

-, queen of. See Catherine of Braganza; Elizabeth.

-, queen mother of. See Henrietta Maria.

-, ships of. See ships, English.

English:
-, only give way when deceived or cudgelled, 275; unruliness of, 291; always restless but bear yoke easily, 298.
-, would find it difficult to live without currants, 296.
-, fear York would change religion and be absolute, 316.
-, never persevere long in one opinion, 364.
-, Spaniards losing ground with, 379.
-, a dinner the most efficacious means of captivating, 385.
-, enthusiasm of, for allied successes against French, 438.
-, at Rome, ready to accompany Card. Howard to Rome, 462.
-, troops serving France, question of recall, 252, 398–9, 404, 406–7, 410–1, 413, 475, 478, 481, 485, 488.
-, levies allowed for Dutch, 252; from Holland, curse Dutch service, 330.

-, Channel, Barbary corsairs in, 453, 464.

Enkhuizen [Prov. N. Holland, Netherlands]:
-, ship of, 96n.
-, consulted about Guelders offer, 370.

envoys. See under ambassadors.

Enzheim [Alsace, France], action at, 302.

Er. See Aire.

Ernest Augustus, duke of Brunswick and Luneburg, 325.

Escluse. See Sluys.

Este, house of:
-, under protection of France, 142.
-, efforts to put right with Holy See about dispensation, 145, 148, 150.

-, Alfonso IV of, duke of Modena, 83, 98.

-, Carlo Emanuel of, marquis of Borgomanero, 373.

-, Francesco I of, duke of Modena, 107, 108n.

-, Francesco II of, duke of Modena, 108, 134.

may go to London, 109; French wish to get control of, 110.

at sister's marriage, 135; accompanied sister to Voghera, 143; proposed mission to pope, 147.

-, Laura of (née Martinozzi) duchess of Modena, 83n, 147.

objections to English match, 108–9; Louis displeased about, 118; flatly declines marriage overtures, 122.

Dangeau persuades to consent, 109, 131; Cardinal Barberino urges match on, 118; objections overcome, 129.

will accompany bride to England, 124, 126, 129, 131; journey of, 134, 143; in France, 160.

urged not to wait for dispensation, 125n; consults theologians, decides on marriage, 131; Dangeau's assurances to, 165; and Louis, 166.

writes to pope and Cardinal Altieri, 131; pope declines to receive letter, 132, 141; efforts to put right with Holy See, 142, 150–2; included in petition to pope, 164.

Venice congratulates, 141; Louis will hear opinion about dispensation, 171.

upset by news of parliament opposition, but reassured, 167.

ceremonial with, in Paris, 167; Nigrelli brings compliments from, 174.

Alberti to show every attention to, 178; he does so, 189.

reaches Dover with daughter, 181; talks of departing, 182.

visited by queen, ceremony with, 186; comment on pretensions of English duchesses, 188.

Colbert breaks appointment with, 188; he does not visit, 194; no foreign minister visits publicly, 195.

calmed by appearance of peace, 189.

urges king to allow daughter a chapel 189; means to leave, 194; departs, 197.

envoy from, 374; obtains papal approval of daughter's marriage, 385.

-, -, confessor of. See Arimberti.

-, Mary Beatrice Eleanora of, princess of Modena, 83, 117.

plan to exclude offspring from succession, 91; considered too young and delicate, 98, 109, 122.

Peterborough to ask for, 104; wants to become a nun, 108; Peterborough and Dangeau persuade to agree, 109; pope overruled difficulties and submit fed, 125.

hint that a possible bride for Orleans, 118; hopes of marriage to king of Spain, 119.

Louis expected to have disposal of, 118; Barberino urges York match on, 118–9.

departure for England hastened, 123, 126; expected at Paris, 127; will be treated as a daughter of France, 134.

pope's concern about conditions for, 125, 146; scruples about going to England, 129; distressed by difficulties raised by Rome, 131.

help wanted to get red hat for brother, 126; Rome wants confession of fault from, 171.

mother and brother accompany to England, 131; journey of, 133–4, 141, 143, 154, 160.

queen going to Portsmouth to meet, 138; preparations for reception, 155, 162.

Rome's efforts to obtain security in worship for, 147, 151; petition to pope in name of, 164–5.

honours to, in France, 154, 161, 167–8; defrayed by king during stay, 168.

opposition to in parliament, 161; assurances sent to, in Paris, 162, 167; upset by news of parliamentary opposition, 167; Charles writes to, to come to London, 169; Charles impatient for arrival, 172.

Louis will hear opinion about dispensation, 171; Nigrelli brings compliments from, 174.

falls ill, 172; leaves Paris, escorted to Calais, 178, 180.

Shaftesbury's attempts against fail, 177; English consider beautiful, 181; made much of, at Court, 185–6.

arrival at Dover, 181; reception in London, 181–2; Fresno visits, 188.

calmed by appearance of peace, 189; cannot win popularity, 193.

king says not expedient to grant chapel to, 189; opens door of chapel, 193.

1674:
-, distress at parting from mother, 197.
-, design to exclude issue from crown, 197; Lords discuss taking step-daughters from custody of, 229, 232; condemned as tainted with popery, 303.
-, goes to Windsor, 201; coming to London for devotions 268; staying in London, 299.
-, pregnant, 269, 282, 290, 299; negotiations with Orange suspended until delivery, 305.

1675:
-, gives birth to daughter, 343, 340–7; congratulated, 369; miscarriage, 410.
-, pleased at present from Modena, 351; envoy from mother to, 374.
-, precarious position of, 362; papal approbation given to marriage, 385, 400.
-, remains in London, 377; prince of Neuburg received by, 410; Sarotti pays respects to, 422, 425.
-, warm affection for, 411; enceinte, 464; miscarriage, 466.
-, goes to Windsor, 436; back in London, 455.

-, -, St. Germain a chaplain of, 486.

-, Rinaldo. son of Alfonso III, duke of Modena, Cardinal, Cardinal of Este, 118.

-, prince Rinaldo of

Barberino hopes to get red hat for, 107, 126, 133, 362: hopes for nomination by queen of England, 186.

to accompany princess to England, 123, 126, 131; amazed at difficulties raised by Rome, 131; journey of, 134; reaches Dover with sister, 181.

at marriage ceremony, 135; ceremonial with, 182, 186.

seeing the London sights, 189; projects of, ridiculed, 193; means to go, 194; no foreign minister visited publicly, 195; departure, 197.

Estrades, comte d', governor of Maastricht, secret visit to Holland, 311; occupies Liége, 387n.

Estrees, Estre, Etre, Cesar d', bishop of Laon, cardinal, 462.
-, hint to about marriage of Mary of Modena, 118; urged pope to advise York-Modena match, 125; advises awaiting dispensation at Paris, 126.
-, unwilling to commit himself, 145; sees Barberino and promises to do all necessary for settlement, 147–8; opinion about settlement, 148.
-, puts suggestion in writing, 149; intervenes about petition, 164; and alleged English peace suggestions, 452.

-, Francis Hannibal II, duc d', French ambassador extraordinary at Rome, 107, 458, 462.

York suggests instructing to ask for dispensation, 125n; sees pope about action without dispensation, 142; has shot his bolt, 145; Cardinal takes over from, 148.

to arrange with Card. Altieri about nuncio, 134.

Card. Cibo unwilling to deal with, 146; desired to present letter from king, 148, 150–1.

at conference about expedients, 149; astonished at behaviour of Rome over dispensation, 164, 171; will not agree to new formula, 170.

not to visit any of the recent cardinals, 458; attitude to new nuncios, 477.

-, Jean, comte d', general d'Etre, French admiral, 458.

Spain alarmed by, 3; at Rye, with squadron, 51; expecting rest of squadron, 53.

fought Tromp alone, 57; joins Rupert at sea, 71; behaviour at Texel battle, 99, 100; defence of action, 117; Charles declares in favour of, 120.

Rupert induced to declare brave, 121; has chief blame about Texel, 133.

returns to Downs, 124; still repairing ships, 127.

difference of Martel with, 154.

Rupert accuses Colbert of stopping to come to London to justify himself, 187.

Europa, Dutch E. Indiaman, captured, 97, 105n; sale of goods from, 441–2.

Euston near Thetford, co. Suffolk, Arlington's seat, 145.

Euston, earl of. See Fitzroy, Henry.

Evelyn, John, records visit to glass works, 222n.

exchequer:
-, stoppage of, prevents advances by goldsmith, 35.
-, Sir John Bonnet's matter in, 210.

-, chief baron of the. See Turner, Sir Edward.

Eyck, Giusto van, 140.

-, William van, owner of the Sta. Giustina, 113, 140.