F

Fairfax, Thomas, viscount:
-, talk of rising against government, 43; defeated royal forces twice, 300; removed from generalship as declined to lead army into Scotland, 302.
-, only signed king's death warrant under pressure, 302.

Fairfax, state ship, in fleet for south, 219; sent to recover Cullen, 248n.

Fame, state ship, sent home by Blake, 101.

Fame Islands, Greyhound's fight with Dunkirkers off, 239.

Faro [Algarve, Portugal], George sent into, for repairs, 96; Blake master of sea up to, 110.

fast:
-, ordered for day of Vaudois collection, 69, 72.
-, for success of the fleet, 197.
-, parliament observes and ordains for country, 269; observed in London and country, 280.

Ferdinand III., the emperor:
-, Rupert enters service of, 149; Rupert well received by 156n; French resent Rupert serving, 182; inducements to retain Rupert, 294.
-, bound to break with Sweden, 166; French cannot suffer to break Munster treaties, 290.
-, Swiss Protestant Cantons justify action to, 182.
-, sends force to help Milan, 259; commitments in Italy may lead to trouble, 290.

Ferdinand Charles, Archduke of Austria, of the Tyrol:
-, Grigno in territory of, 212.
-, courier robbed on frontier of, 226.

Ferrière, Chevalier de la, la Ferriera, Blake's intention to fight, 16.

Fiennes, Nathaniel, commissioner of the great seal, waits on Sagredo, 121.

Fiesco, Ugo, Genoese ambassador to England, 53:
-, arrival, at Dieppe, 2; frigate sent for, 3; at Rye, 5; public entry of, 9; public audience, 12; does not get all satisfaction claimed, 36; never met Salvetti or Cardenas, 40.
-, scope of negotiations, 13; Cromwell consults London merchants about proposals, 20; chief business to get commercial advantages, 36.
-, proposes establishment of bank in London, 23; expected to leave, with failure of project, 23, 26; has final audience, 40.
-, large train of, 77; only left resident at departure, 153, 159.

Finch, Colonel, Cromwell hands over privy seals to, 60.

Finisterre, Cape, Spain, English fleet sighted off, 223.

fires, disastrous, in London, 25, 40, 54.

Fisher, Fiscier, Payne, presents poem celebrating Venetian victory, 283; reward for, 289–90.

Flanders, Low Countries, Spanish Netherlands:
-, letters sent by, 16, 112, 278, 285.
-, news from, 38, 177.
-, Cromwell might co-operate with Spaniards in, 11; Lede to treat of affairs, 56; Lede returns to, 76.
-, persons coming from arrested and released, 44; suspected conference between Charles and ex-queen of Sweden in, 91.
-, S. Stefano to explain Condé's undertakings in, 56; talk of Charles going to, 111, 125; privateers can take refuge in ports of, 138.
-, Spanish Council attends to repairing disasters in, 120; plague in, 134; no adequate Spanish preparations in, 149.
-, Cardenas to withdraw to, 125, 128, 134–5, 140; Charles offered asylum in 153; Charles reported leaving Cologne for, 191; Charles reported in, 195, 198, 200.
-, English prepared to join French in attack on sea towns of, 138, 147; Cromwell will want understanding with France for enterprise in, 142; danger if Cromwell gets footing in, 146; France unlikely to allow, 157.
-, Spanish projects for great effort in, 153; Spanish army in starved for lack of money, 170.
-, Cromwell met Manasseh ben Israel in, 160; Sagredo sends to, for passport, 191–2.
-, Dutch fear English and French establishing themselves in, 182.
-, Spaniards hope attack in Italy will relieve difficulties in, 186; war against England published in, 193.
-, reprisals on English ordered in ports of, 187; French mean to employ large army in, 193; Spaniards well supplied with leaders and troops in, 197; Spaniards arranging to supply with half a million, 243.
-, Barrière to rejoin Condé in, 195, 218; Charles returning to establish himself in, 202.
-, fear of English ships stealing to, to join king, 200; royalists preparing to cross to, 201.
-, government uneasy at presence of Charles in, 200, 204, 211, 272; dangers of sending English troops to, 246.
-, York likely to go to, 207, 214; ratification of treaty with Charles reaches, 251.
-, letters from examined, 211; Charles collecting troops in, 263; York leaves for, 273, 275.
-, Spanish cavalry make passage through unsafe, 212.
-, Ruyter's squadron took Spanish plate for, 217; Dutch ships stopped with money for, 246–71
-, chief attack of French and English likely to be on, 219; Lockhart follows Court to arrange plans against, 223.
-, Valenciennes defeat check on designs against, 246; proposed English force for, 280.
-, difficulty of keeping up blockade in winter, 262; joint invasion of, in spring, 296.
-, York arrives in, 279; reported landing of troops from, 295.

-, governor of. See Leopold William, Archduke of Austria.

fleet. See navy.

-, Dutch. See Netherlands, fleet of.

-, French. See France, fleet of.

-, Portuguese. See Portugal, fleet of.

-, Spanish. See Spain, fleet of.

-, Swedish. See Sweden, fleet of.

-, Turkish. See Turkey, fleet of.

-, Venetian. See Venice, fleet of.

Fleetwood, Flitud, Lieut. Gen. Charles, Cromwell thinks of making general of the army, 227.

-, George, agent of Sweden in England:

visits Paulucci, 73; to command English royalists serving Sweden, 194.

transacts all affairs of importance in England, 286; though without official character, 287.

Fleming, Sir Oliver. Master of the Ceremonies:
-, remarks on ships for Turks and Venetian recognition, 34–5; informs Paulucci of selection of ambassador to Porte, 47.
-, informed of Sagredo's appointment, 82; introduces Paulucci to audience, 85; acts as interpreter, 86, 291.
-, tries to secure embassy to Venice, 84; likely to go on mission to princes of Italy, 251.
-, speaks to Paulucci of Sagredo and use of fleet, 110; attends Sagredo at entry, 121; apologises for delay of audience, 124.
-, says England committed against Spain, 125.
-, Giavarina tells of Turkish preparations, 205; promises representations to Cromwell, 206; speaks of delight at Venetian victory, 257.
-, attended Coyet at knighting, 218; attends Giavarina to audience, 243.
-, not present at Bordeaux's audience of Cromwell, 248; Giavarina's audience delayed by absence, 257.
-, directed to make search on forms of ancient government, 259.
-, congratulations on capture of Tenedos, 267; promises audience when Cromwell recovered, 285.

Flemings, take up silk trade of English at Naples, 162; sure to assist in defence of Dunkirk, 249.

-, merchants. See merchants, Flemish.

-, ships of. See ships, Flemish.

Flitud. See Fleetwood.

Floet, —, commander of the Mermaid, 220.

Florence [Prov. Firenze, Italy]:
-, despatches dated at, 4, 6, 9, 11, 14, 16, 19, 24, 192, 219, 223, 235.
-, Venetian instructions to Resident at, 13, 226.
-, Dr. Thomas Bayly at, 84n; people ordered not to trade with English, 98; offers port to English fleet, 214.

-, Grand Duke of. See Medici, Ferdinand II. de'.

Foote, Thomas, alderman, chosen member for London, 256n.

foreign ministers. See under ambassadors.

foreigners, strict examination of papers, 158.

Foresight, state ship, left at Naples, 3; being careened, 7; in fleet to south, 220.

Forrester, Lord. See Baillie, James.

Fortescue, Richard, Major General, commander at Jamaica, death reported, 178.

France:
-, route for letters slower than via Flanders, 112.
-, Venice conducted negotiations for peace between England and, 149; Sagredo's service in, 153.
-, dismissal of Charles from, 200; hostile feeling against because of Charles, 309.
-, competed with Spain for Cromwell's favour, 308; after breach with Spain Cromwell turned to, 309.
-, Huguenots of keep up correspondence with Cromwell, 310.
-, 1655:
-,-, Cromwell orders resumption of negotiations with, 2; Blake does not announce open rupture with, 6; English boast can force peace with, 8; rupture with England would embarrass seriously, 10, 11.
-,-, Monaco appeals to, for means of defence, 6; proposed Turkish mission to, for ships, 10.
-,-, nothing done about attacking, 8; not thought England alone could injure seriously, 11.
-,-, Penn's fleet expected to go against, 12; Cromwell inclined for breach with, 15.
-,-, English mean to convince of need for good understanding, 12; adjustment with England in good train, 18, 22; Cromwell more in favour of, 20; requires peace with England, 27.
-,-, English claim to be courted by, 20; satisfaction at prospect of peace with England, 23.
-,-, designs against Naples revived, 21, 24.
-,-, Spain losing hope of war between England and, 24; Cromwell wishes to keep up negotiations with without coming to agreement, 27; hope of settlement with declines, 32; no news about, 38.
-,-, need of pope not ill disposed to, 26; supposed league against House of Austria, 33.
-,-, English demand exclusion of Stuarts from, 28; negotiations with seem fallen through, 39.
-,-, English naval plans depend on negotiations with, 28, 36; changing policy of meek submission to English, 42; adjustment with expected, 51.
-,-, English ships arrested in ports of, 42, 43; Dutch ships arrested in, English released, 45; not meant as rupture, 46.
-,-, persons coming from arrested and released, 44; two royalist leaders get back to, 52.
-,-, Mazarin expected another civil war to divert English attentions from, 45; something definite expected about treaty with, 46, 48; constant hitches, English demands of, 48; Lede's mission to prevent adjustment with, 54.
-,-, active naval preparations during negotiations, 51; treaty with discussed in earnest, 60.
-,-, reasons for desiring settlement with England, 52; adjustment with announced but may easily be upset, 55; hitch over, 58; seems near settlement, 61.
-,-, three envoys from Brussels to move Cromwell against, 56; Spanish arming may serve against, 75.
-,-, Cromwell courted by, 56; two persons sent to about treaty, 66; treaty still in the balance, 67, 76.
-,-, Penn has not attacked islands of, 61.
-,-, affairs of Vaudois may upset agreement with, 63; peace with delayed by, 69, 73, 93.
-,-, operations of forces against Vaudois condemned in England, 69; not entirely trusted about Vaudois, 73, 93; question of Vaudois will be settled in, 90, 131.
-,-, de Haro's explanation of Cromwell's rapprochement to, 78; articles of peace with ready for ratification, 92.
-,-, adjustment with seems obnoxious to both sides, 83; reports of adjustment with reviving, 89.
-,-, Hamburg ships searched for goods from, 88.
-,-, envoy to go with commissions for, 92; peace reported with, 114.
-,-, affairs of Vaudois and W. Indies delay ratification of articles with, 100; adjustment with moving towards conclusion, 101, 122.
-,-, relations with improve as those with Spain worsen, 107; attack on Indies suggested to divert English forces from, 113.
-,-, credits for Sagredo's embassy in, 107; England employs inconspicuous agents in, 143.
-,-, English naturally more hostile to, than to Spain, 113; with English would give formidable shock to Spain, 117; arrangement with England frees hands against Spain, 122.
-,-, supposed secret alliance against House of Austria, 122; pope's efforts to make peace with Spain, 141.
-,-, Bastide goes for ratification of treaty with, 138, 141; peace ratified, 142; asks for alteration of some articles, 144, 148.
-,-, England ready to join in attack on Flanders sea towns, 138, 147; English fear that may draw back, 141; probable understanding with about Flanders, 142.
-,-, not to make peace without consent of England, 141; will consult own interests if Spain will not make peace, 142; reasons why Cromwell attacked Spain rather than, 146–7.
-,-, diversion by expected to bring Spaniards to reason, 144.
-,-, accommodation with England simply peace, 145; danger to of alliance with England, 146; terms of treaty with England, 150–1, 162; secret articles of, 156–7, 171.
-,-, revolt of nobles in infirmity natural to, 148; Gambara returning to, 165.
-,-, Queen Henrietta expelled from, by treaty, 148; Bordeaux returning to, 153, 156.
-,-, precedence of ambassadors in, 152.
-,-, Dutch fear union of England with, 156.
-,-, Bordeaux goes to arrange closer union with England, 157–8; Paulucci thought to have gone to, 165.
-, 1656:
-,-, news from, 188, 190, 201, 208.
-,-, supposed designs on Italy in concert with England, 164; arming of, will fight fire in Italy, 172.
-,-, peace with, means continuation of war with Spain, 169; profits by delay of plate fleet, 170; fear that Spaniards intriguing for peace with Cromwell, 171.
-,-, reasons for not attacking Spaniards in Italy, with English, 172; Giavarina to find out about such designs, 173.
-,-, pope informed of league against Spaniards, 173; Senate desires particulars of alliance with, 179.
-,-, supposed obstacles in, to treaty, 175; military and naval arrangements with England, 176, 188.
-,-, delay in expelling Stuarts from, 180, 207, 212; Rupert's treatment of Modena resented in, 182; efforts to retain York in, 212, 214.
-,-, agreement with to seize port in Mediterranean, 181; Giustinian's objection to union with England, 183.
-,-, Swiss Protestant Cantons encouraged by, 182; Barrière dismissed to please, 195.
-,-, Spaniards warn Dutch of designs on Flanders, 182; Dutch anxious about, 186.
-,-, difficulty over Cromwell's heavy demands from, 183; alliance with England denied, 189; Spain learns terms of alliance, 189; and Vienna, 192.
-,-, Biscay open to attack by, 183; chief attack likely to be on Flanders, 219.
-,-, reports at Vienna of designs on Italy, 185; plans of, for war, 193.
-,-, Buckingham to raise troops for service of, 189; Irish levies for, 207, 226, 231, 250.
-,-, Pickering's mission to postponed and Lockhart sent, 195.
-,-, route through undesirable for Sagredo, 212.
-,-, negotiations of Charles with Spaniards likely to delay, 219; Spanish negotiations with, 265; Lockhart, perplexed by, 267.
-,-, marches towards Avesnes and Bucoin, 226; joint attack on Dunkirk with possible, 231; operation proposed, 236; Spanish precaution against, 297.
-,-, talk at Madrid of alliance with England and Portugal, 240; Modena arranges with to invade Milanese, 259; cannot allow emperor to break Munster treaties, 290.
-,-, defeat at Valenciennes checks designs on Flanders, 246; siege of Valenza by, 265n.
-,-, cash remittance from, for levies, 250.
-,-, Cromwell's help wanted in present weakness of, 265; Lockhart takes final proposals for alliance, 290.
-,-, big transactions in winter with England, Portugal, Sweden and empire, 275; Cromwell inciting against empire, 279; nothing settled about alliances, 290.
-,-, York writes to detach Irish from service of, 279; messenger of nobles to Charles travels by, 284.
-,-, negotiations for alliance with and action in Flanders, 296.
-, Council of:
-,-, manœuvring to avoid rupture with England, 9; articles of treaty refeired to, 141.
-, fleet:
-,-, news of landing in Naples, 2; Blake expected to fight, 5; Blake's instructions concerning, 5–6.
-,-, Blake missed narrowly, 5; ordered to treat English amicably, 6; takes refuge in Lisbon from Blake, 9; Blake's intentions regarding, 16.
-,-, Mercoeur ordered to fit out, Guise to command, 21; great efforts to fit out, at Toulon, 42; Blake to remain off Barbary and watch, 59.
-,-, no arrangements for joint undertaking with English, 190; Giustinian to be on watch for union with English in Mediterranean, 192.
-,-, Grand Duke believes English will unite with, 193; English expected to co-operate with in Mediterranean, 196.
-,-, steady preparation of goes forward, 196; new squadron not ready, 226.
-,-, English squadron likely to work with, 232.
-, king of. See Louis XIV.
-, merchants. See merchants, French.
-, queen mother of. See Anne of Austria.
-, ships. See ships, French.
-, Venetian instructions to minister in, 10, 34, 62, 64, 188, 192, 229.

Francesco I., of Este, duke of Modena:
-, suspected to be in league against House of Austria, 33; offers and inducements to Rupert, 90: pressing Rupert about levies, 105; French resent Rupert's treatment of, 182.
-, emperor sends troops against, 259; Valenza besieged by, 265.

Frankfort on Main [German Empire]. Charles at, waiting for ex-queen of Sweden, 123.

Frederick III., king of Denmark:
-, steps for league against England, but irresolute, 165.
-, Sweden offers treaty to, 165: included in Dutch adjustment with Sweden, 269.

Frederick William, margrave of Brandenburg, duke of Brandenburg, elector:
-, Dutch sending embassy to, 154–5; hoped will resist Swedish flood, 155.
-, sends agent to England, 157; regard for Venice, 160.
-, treaty with, assures Sweden dominion of Poland, 181; included in treaty with Sweden, 231.
-, Schlezer awaiting instructions from, about alliance, 187.

French:
-, suspected of share in disturbances in England, 39; Lockhart's mission an offence to, 215.
-, disgust at banishment of Queen Henrietta, 148; regard for York, 214.
-, inform pope of Spanish concessions in religion to English, 173; instability of, 203.

Fuendalsaña, Fuensaldagna, count of. See Vivero, Luis Perez de.

Fuente, Marquis de la, Spanish ambassador at Venice, explains reasons for breach with England, 127.