S

Sa e Menezes, Joao Rodriguez de, count of Peneguiao, Portuguese ambassador in England :

admits English claims for compensation, 2
-, appears before new Council of State after several conferences with Cromwell, 78
-, Spanish threats forced to come forward, 79.

commended dissolution and abused late parliament, 86
-, likely to arrange peace successfully, 88, 101
-, articles arranged with, 128.

condolences to on death of prince royal, 91.

forced to deliver up brother, 153
-, Cromwell's promise to, for brother, 162
-, appeals for brother in vain, 238.

goes to compliment Cromwell, 173
-, overcomes difficulties to king signing treaty, 223
-, signs treaty, 238.

withdraws to Gravesend, leaving for France, 238
-, detained by creditors, 253
-, departure of, 253n.

Sa, Dom Pantaleone de, brother of the Portuguese ambassador, 253.

affray at Exchange, 153
-, general indignation against, 180.

arrested and sent to Tower, 153
-, succeeds in escaping, 162
-, recaptured and closely confined, 166.

affair helps to draw Spain and England together, 174
-, Cardenas interceded for, 254.

removed to Tower and trial deferred, 180
-, may be tried by High Court of Justice, 236-7.

sentenced and executed, 238
-, Madrid takes comfort from, 254.

Sabl, Marquis de. See Servien, Abel.

Sagredo, Francesco, Savio alla Mercanzia, 11.

-, Giovanni, Venetian Ambassador in France :

despatches to the Senate, 7, 14, 17, 23, 26, 31, 34, 37, 41, 46, 50, 53-4, 58, 61-2, 66, 70, 76-7, 80, 83-4, 91, 95, 97, 113, 116-7, 120, 124, 126, 128, 131, 143, 147, 149, 151, 154, 159, 163, 167, 171, 173, 176, 178, 181, 183, 187, 190, 192, 197, 199, 202, 204, 206, 208, 213, 215, 218, 227, 229, 232, 235, 238, 240, 243, 245, 248-9, 251, 253, 258, 261, 270, 272, 282, 287, 290, 293.

despatches of Paulucci to, 2, 5, 8, 10-1, 15, 20, 24, 28, 32, 34, 38, 42, 48, 51, 54-5, 57, 59, 63-4, 67, 71, 74, 78, 80, 84, 86, 88, 90, 92-3, 95, 98, 100, 102, 104-5, 107, 110-1, 114, 117, 121, 124, 126, 129, 132-3, 135-7, 139-40, 143, 145, 147, 149, 151, 155, 157, 160, 162, 164, 168, 170-1, 174, 177, 179, 182, 184-5, 188, 191-2, 194-5, 197, 199, 202, 204, 206, 209, 211, 214, 217, 219, 222, 224, 227, 230, 233, 235, 237, 241, 243, 246, 249, 252, 255, 257, 259, 261, 264, 266, 269, 271, 273, 275-6, 278, 280, 283, 285, 288, 291.

stolen goods of efforts for recovery, 10, 20, 24, 29, 32, 34, 54, 57, 65.

avoids ceremonial visit to Queen Henrietta, 23
-, left to discretion about visiting English royalties, 37
-, asked why does not visit king, 46
-, asks for instructions, 47
-, pays respects to Charles, 53.

speaks to Boreel about preventing fights between English and Dutch in Venetian service, 76-7
-, writes to Paulucci about, 77
-, efforts about, 83
-, alleged assurance to, 84.

suggests Paulucci shall make use of Cromwell's piety, 77
-, Boreel's son candid with about plight of Dutch, 120.

Radziciowski will pay respects to, 134
-, Morrel explains treatment of Paulucci to, 159.

intimates expediency of recognising Commonwealth, 159
-, asks instructions for treating with Whitelocke, 249.

sends Paulucci supplies each month, 197
-, Paulucci served as secretary, 240
-, Paulucci begs for supplies, 258.

Boreel informs of peace with England, 218
-, instructs Paulucci about hiring ships, 247
-, O'Brien speaks to about levy, 251-2.

-, Niccolo, Venetian Ambassador in Rome, despatches to the Senate, 208, 220.

sailors, mariners :

pay increased, provision for sick and wounded, 6
-, collection made for wounded, 42.

affray with soldiers in Kent, 12
-, not reconciled with soldiers, 16.

constant desertions, 16
-, trouble over mutineer executed, 25
-, disaffection among, 33.

humoured by prompt pay, 20, 25
-, money distributed to, 149.

Van Galen enlists at Toulon, 22.

Badiley reduced to 500 men, 22
-, captured, released at large in Leghorn, 44
-, Venice offers employment to, 47
-, going to Malamocco, 50.

persuasion and force used to enlist, 29
-, 1500 pressed on Thames, 38
-, cannot be secured by fair means, pressed with great harshness, 48
-, pressed on N.E. coast, 52
-, pressed from home coming ships, 58, 63.

supply of, adequate, 93
-, thinned by disease, 108
-, government obtains by stopping sailings from Thames, 144.

heavy losses at Texel make recruiting difficult, 121
-, numbers cause constant rise in prices, 122
-, move to redeem slaves because of shortage of, 151.

approach Council for redress of grievances, 144
-, riotous behaviour, one hanged, 145
-, mutiny prevented sailing of fleet, 145, 148
-, quieted but not entirely trusted, 146.

mutiny strengthened tendency to peace, 148
-, no steps neglected to make fleet strong in, 186
-, 200 pressed for fleet, 191
-, more to be procured, 196.

-, Dutch, in Mediterranean, have had enough of fighting, 56, 59
-, Tromp sailed to recall, 59.

St. John's Town. See Perth.

St. Joris, English merchantman, fought and taken by Dutch at Leghorn, 203, 204n, 221.

St. Lys. See Senlis.

St. Malo
-, [Ille et Vilaine, France], Dutch ships from captured, 138
-, English capture French merchantmen off, 208, 213
-, Spaniards pleased over, 221.

English ships and goods seized at, 208
-, privateers of, seize English ships from Canaries, 292.

-, governor of, puts down tumult against English, 208.

St. Michael off Normandy. See Mont St. Michel.

St. Thomas
-, M. de, envoy of the comte de Daugnon to England, leaving, 52
-, gone, 73.

salt, French cargoes of captured, 287.

- fish Dutch capture cargoes of, 23, 166
-, English ship with, at Naples, 285
-, French ships captured with, 293.

Saltonstall, Capt. Charles, sent for trial to London, 2.

Salvetti, Amerigo, Tuscan resident in England :

to remonstrate about Appleton, 6
-, says reports of successes in Scotland spread by royalists, 125n.

has letters to assure parliament of good will, 131
-, delivers them to Council, 131.

to present letter of congratulation to Cromwell, 196
-, has audience and obtains a gracious reply, 205
-, promised answer to letter, 284.

Samson :

sunk in Portland battle, 38n.

destroyed by fire in battle off Leghorn, 40-1, 45
-, Badiley discouraged by loss of, 46.

San Domingo
-, Hispaniola, island of, W. Indies, Spaniards suspect English of designs on, 241
-, warning sent to governor, 206
-, talk of fleet seizing, 270.

-, governor of. See Meneses, Don Bernardo, conde de Pealva.

San Giovanni, Dutch merchantman, recaptured and brought into Leghorn, 166.

San Iseppo, merchantman, English asked not to molest, 27.

San Pietro
-, prize brought by Tromp into Leghorn, 102
-, Tromp proposes to take to Amsterdam, 105
-, helped capture St. Joris, States demand release of captain, 221.

San Salvador, Hamburg ship :

case referred to Admiralty Court, 6
-, Cardenas embittered about, 10
-, pressure for decision, 33
-, plate from converted into coin, 52
-, fear of reprisals about, 53.

plate from taken to Tower, 72
-, merchants complain of concessions about, 94
-, Cardenas renews suit for, 131.

San Sebastian
-, [Vizcaya, Spain], Irish from intercepted by French, 57
-, ship from for Dunkirk, captured, 146.

Sandoval Moscoso, Baltasar de, cardinal archbishop of Toledo, puts Madrid under interdict, 179.

Sant' Andrea, news brought by, to Leghorn, 26.

Sta Anna
-, captured and brought into Plymouth, 146
-, decision upon likely to be delayed, 148
-, allowed to proceed to Flanders, 156.

Sta Maria, Concordia (sic), only one of Appleton's squadron to escape, 41, 45.

Sanudo, Zuan Battista, Savio alla Mercanzia, 195, 218.

Sapcot. See Shapcote.

Sarotti, Giovanni Ambrosio, Venetian Resident in Florence :

despatches to the Senate, 3, 6, 10, 13, 15, 22, 25, 28, 31, 36, 40-1, 44, 50, 53, 56-7, 59, 66, 69, 70, 73-4, 86, 91, 97, 102, 105, 151, 166, 203, 213, 221, 229, 258, 268, 280, 285, 288, 291.

efforts to prevent withdrawal of English ships, 3-4
-, unable to see Van Galen about Dutch ships, 4
-, move to prevent fights between Dutch and English in Venetian service, 76.

Savoy
-, fear of English fleet makes French turn deaf ear to, 206
-, troops of, with French army, 213.

Scaglia, Alessandro Cesare, Abbot, precedent quoted, 71.

Scalco, Hipolito Fiamingo, favourite of Grand Duke, 10.

Scarborough, co. York, colliers take refuge at, 60n.

Schaffhausen, Sciafusa [canton Schaffhausen, Switzerland], Stockar native of, 57.

Schelde
-, River, Netherlands, English ask leave to trade in, 79
-, Dutch unlikely to concede free trade in, 103.

Scialon. See Chalons sur Marne.

Scianou, Scianu, Scianut. See Chanut.

Scilly islands, reported Dutch landing in, 17.

Sclavonians, Paganuzzi brings to London, 113.

Scotland :

malcontents of take advantage of war, 3
-, and of domestic confusion, 13.

Dutch capture colliers from, 29
-, colliers from blockaded at Newcastle, 55
-, Dutch on look out for, 60
-, arrive safely, 63.

army appeals to officers in, for support, 30
-, money sent to, 61
-, for army, 125.

commanders in ask for reinforcements, against rebels, 49
-, reinforcements for, 55, 61, 119, 122, 125.

feared raids on, fleet to protect, 52, 58
-, news of fleet from, 82.

press gangs to get sailors from, 52
-, pressing makes ships from avoid Thames, 58.

rebels in Highlands said to be increasing, 61
-, royalists in gaining strength, 119
-, said to have considerable army, 122.

satisfaction in, at dissolution of rump, 74, 80
-, authority of government upheld in, 80.

representatives in new government, 90
-, Barebones parliament appoints committee for, 106
-, Council busy over affairs of, 124
-, government wishes to thin population of, 147.

rebel successes in reported by royalists, 125n
-, greater force may be needed for, 130.

party opposed to government increasing in, 127
-, peace restored in, 136.

Highlanders and rebels make occasional forays, 137
-, arms sent to Highlanders from Hague, 149
-, receive supplies from abroad, 172, 178.

colliers expected from, 143
-, colliers from captured, 196.

reported surprise and rout of parliament troops in, 158
-, peace with Holland necessary for suppression of disorder in, 161.

Cromwell proclaimed protector of, 164
-, question of reception by army in, 165.

malcontents gather in, 169, 172
-, rebels increase in numbers, forays frequent, 175
-, more powerful than ever, 178, 185.

reinforcements sent to, 175, 180, 186, 203, 223
-, troops rebel against going to, 178
-, drafts for, 194, 212.

rebels burn and plunder country, 180
-, king openly proclaimed in, 186.

many of inhabitants refuse to acknowledge Protector, 185
-, military sectaries in refuse to obey him, 188
-, anxiety because of insubordination in, 192.

reported success over rebels in, 189
-, ships with military stores for captured, 196.

Hamilton reaches and likely to make trouble in, 194
-, Middleton lands in, with arms and munitions, 196, 199n.

great victory of rebels reported in, 199, 201
-, danger of sending disaffected troops to, 211.

rebels more united and well supplied with arms, 203
-, many malcontents leave London to aid rebels in, 205
-, suspicion of foreign aid for, 210, 212.

rebellion in to be put down, Monk to take command, 205
-, Monk thought to have reached, 208
-, reported defeat of Monk in, 211
-, Monk's letters confirm, 214
-, another defeat reported, 222-3, 226.

peace enables Cromwell to deal with energetically, 210
-, fleet unlikely to go far away if turn for worse in, 212.

Cromwell proposes to unite with England, 210
-, Charles ready to accept invitation to, 232.

affairs of may interfere with Cromwell's plans against France, 215
-, plan to blockade coast, 223.

no news from, 217
-, affairs of cause the most anxiety, 226
-, service in unpopular, 247.

government weakened by departure of best troops for, 220
-, troops needed for, 222
-, regiment sent to from Ireland, 228
-, Monk has considerable force in, well supplied, 239
-, more troops for, 243.

Highlanders of invariably victorious in forays, 231
-, army chasing rebels in Highlands, 239.

Charles ready to go to, but too closely watched, 232
-, Cromwell's desire for subjection, 260.

report from of successful foray from Highlands, 242-3
-, Monk disperses insurgents in, 247
-, success exaggerated, 253.

parliament returns for, soldiers predominate, 252
-, Highlanders raid Lowlands of, 253
-, forays on both sides, 260.

insurgents lay down arms by composition with Monk, 263
-, some hold out in Highlands, 265.

Cromwell believes military force able to control, 272
-, insurgents weak but keep generals busy, 278
-, reported defeat of insurgents in, 292.

frigate sent to with pay for army, 293.

Scots :

maintain close correspondence with Dutch, 25
-, send to Hague for help, 128
-, Dutch help for, 158.

parliament grants levies of, 30
-, levy offered to Paulucci, 263.

rebels said to have taken Glasgow, 122
-, and Perth, 124
-, worsted in battle, 130.

unpopular in England, complain that English not keeping promises, 127
-, unlikely to adapt themselves to present government, 137.

Charles I sold by, 129
-, Cromwell offers pardon to rebel, 210
-, feeling in London favours, 211.

fleet to prevent foreign help for, 212
-, rebels not to be gained or weakened by lenience, 214
-, force best means to reduce, 219.

another victory of would shake Cromwell's ascendancy, 219
-, lose all hope of help from abroad, 263.

aversion for existing government, 261
-, Cromwell allows regiments of to serve foreign princes, 263.

- See also Highlanders.

sea fights. See battles.

- power, pope's opinion of, 208.

seal, new great, cut for Cromwell, 257.

secretaries. See under ambassadors.

secretary of State. See Thurloe, John.

-, France. See Lomenie, Henri Auguste de, comte de Brienne.

sects
-, confusion from multiplicity of, 9
-, numbers in England, 142.

Sehested
-, Hannibal, stadhouder (Viceroy) of Norway, in England, to confer with Cromwell, 281
-, has pass to Bath, 281n.

Senlis, St. Lys [Oise, France], despatches dated at, 98.

Serra, Paolo dal & Co., merchants, 29.

Servien, Abel, marquis de Sabl, surintendant des finances, denounces subservience of France to England, 287.

Seville, Andalusia, Spain, traders of, hit by capture of St. Malo ships, 222.

Shapcote
-, Sapcot, Colonel Robert, commotion over speech, 281
-, text of speech, 282.

ships :

fleet seizes those bound for Flanders, 79
-, fleet captures eighteen, 99.

forbidden to leave Thames, 115
-, all fit for service seized in Thames, 196.

systematic seizure by parliament cruisers, 150, 196.

plenty eager to take troops to Crete, 156.

Frenchman demonstrates to Dutch invention for sinking, 163.

-, Barbary, Dutch prize, taken into Leghorn, 166.

-, Danish, Charles asks for, to make landing, 59.

-, Dutch :

English capture at Cadiz, 1
-, English capture near Zante, 26.

measures of Van Galen to protect, 4
-, arrivals at Leghorn, 23
-, Henry Bonaventura watching for, 102.

in Venetian service threatened withdrawal, 4
-, Van Galen will not recall, 7
-, efforts to prevent fighting English, 69-71, 76-7, 84, 92, 98, 104.

escorted home by Tromp, 34, 37
-, many captured, 35
-, taken into Dover, 38
-, most got in safely, 39.

Charles asks for, to make landing, 59
-, from Portugal, fleet off Calais to intercept, 62
-, Badiley captures in Strait, 75.

assemble at Leghorn for convoy to Amsterdam, 73
-, Tromp convoys safely before Gabbard battle, 85.

English try to capture at Alicante, 91
-, from Levant, captured by fleet, 94.

fleet from East Indies, fleet trying to intercept, 94
-, total of English captures, 99
-, Dutch estimate of losses, 120.

English hopes of waylaying, after Texel battle, 111, 115
-, put into Danish ports, 115, 121.

16 captured after Texel battle, 118
-, gather in Sound, Dutch fleet must come out to convoy, 126
-, does so, 129, 130, 134.

Dutch fleet meant chiefly to convoy, 121
-, fears for safety of, 147.

further captures by English, 127
-, 3 taken with valuable cargo of linen, 138.

put to sea when English driven off by weather, 147
-, wine fleet ravaged by storm, 149-50.

250 reach Texel safely, 148
-, India fleet gets in safe, 149.

several taken, with wine, fruit, etc., 165
-, systematically seized, 196.

twenty wrecked in storm at Texel, 176
-, Dutch will resist English claims to search, 209.

with peace Dutch will turn attention to strengthening merchant fleets, 210
-, would take trade from English but for Navigation Act, 225.

remonstrance with Grand Duke for treatment of, 221.

several come into Thames, searched, 225
-, one brings part of Danish indemnity, 247.

Dutch complain of depredations on by French pirates, 227.

English resist cannon balls better than, 248.

-, English :

Longland stops going to Zante, 1
-, at Zante, 27.

Longland forbids to trade for a time, 4
-, Longland sends Poole to Venice for, 14-5, 17.

seized by Denmark, no hope of surrender, 9
-, Bradshaw to find out intentions about, 21
-, English will have revenge for, 106, 112, 182
-, damages claimed for, 201
-, indemnity paid for, 210.

captured by Toulon privateers, 23
-, compensation claimed for French depredations on, 63.

Dutch capture one from Smyrna, and one from Naples, 27
-, reported Dutch captures of, 29.

question of serving Turks, 28
-, not to be allowed, 55, 71.

at Malamocco, Longland wishes to send released sailors to, 44
-, his plans for, id.
-, free to enter Venetian service, 50
-, sailing for England, 86
-, arrival, 113.

permission to hire granted to Spain and Portugal, 47
-, Spain hiring, 59
-, Radziciowski going to Porte on, 103.

idle in Thames for lack of hands, 52
-, sailors from home coming, pressed for fleet, 58.

with supplies for London, convoy for, 58
-, 300 sail in Thames, 93.

ask leave to trade in Schelde, 79
-, Cromwell withdraws claim for, 248-9.

fleet leaves undefended, to tempt enemy, 79
-, Dutch capture, with Spanish wines, 96.

Dutch capture two in East Indies, 105
-, from E. Indies captured by Dutch, 115
-, Indiaman considered lost arrives safe, 127.

hired to take succour to Bordeaux, 107
-, Cardenas taxed with laxity over, 109.

special orders for those bound for Leghorn, 112
-, treated well in Danish waters, 142.

troops levied in Venice who come in, 123
-, Dutch take some, but balance in favour of English, 127
-, Dutch capture in Strait of Gibraltar, 149.

12 bound for Orkneys wrecked and others in Downs, 131
-, forbidden to leave Thames, 144
-, capture of Guardian Angel by frigate, 190
-, few allowed to leave Thames, 191.

French capture in Mediterranean, 150-1
-, captured by Dutch, taken into Leghorn, 166
-, fought and taken by Dutch in Leghorn, 203.

all merchantmen fit for service taken for fleet, 180
-, fleet reduced by disbanding of, 212.

complaints that Grand Duke suffers to be attacked in his ports, 204.

valuable one taken by Barbary pirates, 206
-, Cromwell will demand surrender, by Tunis, 236.

English intend reprisals for French depredations on, 208
-, claims for, 213.

all seized at St. Malo, 208n
-, by Dutch peace Netherland ports open to, 225.

Venice asks for help with, against Turks, 226, 237
-, Venice proposes to hire, 229, 240, 257
-, new squadron to convoy merchant fleet to Levant, 236
-, going direct to Antwerp to trade, 237.

Paulucci settled satisfactorily question of, serving Turks, 240.

timbers resist cannon balls better than Dutch, 248.

at Cadiz, reports coming of Blake, 256
-, at Leghorn from Algiers, 280.

French fleet in Mediterranean constantly chasing, 278
-, French issue letters of marque against, 287.

at Naples, with salt fish, 285
-, two taken by Barbary pirates, 287
-, St. Malo privateers take two, 292.

-, English, serving Venice :

efforts to prevent withdrawal, 1, 3-4, 6-7, 22, 24
-, Paulucci not to lose sight of question, 42.

honour for Middleton, 3
-, complaints about non-payment, 4.

nothing said about, 20
-, not to be recalled, 28
-, recall depends on course of war, 34
-, Senate hopeful about, 42.

Dutch asked not to molest, 66, 69-71, 76-7, 84
-, Dutch order captains not to molest, 88
-, efforts to prevent fighting with Dutch, 92.

complaint that not paid, 156
-, Paulucci settled satisfactorily question of recall, 240.

-, Flemish, captured by Henry Buonaventura, 91
-, captured by French in Mediterranean, 151.

-, French :

taken at Dunkirk, Bordeaux's efforts to recover, 17-8, 43, 49, 63.

parliament complains of piracy by, 19, 98n
-, claims for damages by, 55.

privateers of Toulon capture English ships, 23.

English asked not to molest at Zante, 27
-, Vangalen stops entering Leghorn, 36.

capture of English ship with goods from Italy, 43
-, capture English ship with currants, 150-1.

intercept Irish troops for Bourg, 57.

Badiley captures in Strait, 75
-, English take two with linen, 150.

Mazarin dissimulates resentment at seizure by English, 154
-, various captures of, 165
-, English reprisals on keep Mazarin apprehensive, 167.

captured by Spurrier and Huntsman off Zante, 170.

prizes brought into Thames, 186
-, everything seized under French flag, 186, 196, 251-2, 271, 274, 290.

high claims of English for losses from, 200, 213.

English capture ships of Brittany, 207
-, fleet takes 12 merchantmen off St. Malo, 208, 213, 221.

Dutch complain of depredations by privateers, 227
-, difficult to fit out squadron capable of resisting English, 287.

ship from Guinea taken, 252.

Cromwell has list of 12 captured, 272
-, further captures of, 280, 286
-, English take 30 laden with salt, 287
-, Blake captures some, 292.

privateers take two English ships, 292.

-, Hamburg, envoy sent to uphold privileges of, 17
-, seized, 39, 96, 156, 196
-, mission of Paules to England about, 62
-, several brought into English ports, with military stores, 137.

-, Hanse towns, Dutch trade under flag, English seize, 96.

-, Lubeck :

seized by Dutch in Sound, 5
-, seized by English, 96
-, several brought into English ports with military stores, 137.

envoy sent to uphold privileges of, 17.

-, Spanish :

Vendome captures, with Irish levies, 34
-, Spaniards would not like English to fall in with Peru fleet, 221.

letters of marque issued against, for Irish claims, 266.

-, Swedish, Bonnell's mission about, 33, 49
-, complete satisfaction given about, 55, 116
-, released, 58
-, Swedish envoys pressing for release, 107
-, complaint that promises not fulfilled, 119-20
-, queen incensed at treatment of, 200.

- See also navy.

-, names of :

Anna Bonaventura
-, Aquila d' Oro
-, Bonaventura
-, Brederode
-, Concord
-, Concordia
-, Constant Warwick
-, East India Merchant
-, Elizabeth
-, Elizabeth Maria
-, Great President
-, Guardian Angel
-, Henry Bonaventura
-, Huntsman
-, Jaersvelt
-, Julius Caesar
-, Kent
-, Lanneret
-, Leopard
-, Love
-, Madonna delle Vigne
-, Maria Susanna
-, Merchant Adventurer
-, Northumberland
-, Orsola Bonaventura
-, Ostrich
-, Phnix
-, Red Cross of Hoorn
-, Relief
-, Resolution
-, Roebuck
-, Ruby
-, St. Joris
-, Samson(two)
-, San Giovanni
-, San Iseppo
-, San Pietro
-, San Salvador
-, Sant' Andrea
-, Santa Anna
-, Santa Maria
-, Stella
-, Stessa
-, Sun
-, Sussex
-, Vanguard
-, Wheel of Fortune
-, White Elephant
-, William.

shot
-, destructive character of Dutch, 48
-, murderous effects, 121.

Sicily
-, Badiley's squadron reported sailing for, 59
-, Florentine galleys recalled from, 229.

-, Viceroy of. See John, Don, of Austria.

Sidney, Philip, viscount Lisle :

chosen as ambassador to Sweden, 9
-, delayed by risk of crossing during war, 33
-, arrangements for departure, 43
-, instructions preparing, 55
-, ready to start, 58.

parliament provides guard for, 55
-, excused on ground of ill health, 122.

silk :

Badiley stops sending overland to London, 22
-, held up at Leghorn, value of, 53.

Dutch capture cargoes of, 29.

Simpson
-, John, preacher, attack on Cromwell, considered mad and pardoned, 169
-, advocates royal cause, imprisoned at Windsor, 187.

Single (sic), Blake's fleet opposite port of, 37.

slaves
-, Longland to redeem English, at Tripoli, 151
-, numbers held by Algerines reason for sending fleet to Mediterranean, 207
-, English from Algiers, at Leghorn, 280.

Smyrna
-, Asia Minor, Dutch ship from, at Leghorn, 23
-, French ship for, 26
-, English ship from, captured, 27.

Soissons [Aisne, France], despatch dated at, 270.

soldiers. See army.

Sound the
-, Dutch seize Lubeck ships in, 5
-, ships from, captured by fleet, 99
-, England and Sweden could close, 123
-, Dutch merchantmen gather in, 126, 129.

Southworth, John, Catholic priest :

arrest and execution of, 233
-, steadfastness of excites admiration, 234.

Cromwell reluctant to allow execution but obliged to give way, 234.

Spa [Prov. Liege, Belgium], Charles goes to sister at, 235.

Spain :

Cardenas celebrates victories of, 9
-, wine of for London captured, 96.

capture of ships for Dunkirk to advantage of, 18
-, hiring of parliament ships by, 59.

pressing for decision about plate in San Salvador, 33
-, justice demanded for, 52.

Cardenas treating to establish friendship with, 43, 79
-, threat to seize British property in, 52.

interest to keep on good terms with both parties, 49.

fear of reprisals for plate seized, 53
-, ship for captured, 102.

hiring of ships and Irish levies obstructed by war, 59
-, Col. Cusack proposes to enter service, 66
-, talk of using duke of York to draw Irish troops from, 80
-, Irish desert, 84.

threats of, force Portugal to look to England, 78
-, Marsin receives reinforcements from, 80.

friendly relations with England receive constant shocks, 79
-, allows England use of plate to be repaid, 94-5.

Bordeaux relies on exclusively, 84
-, German colonel from Cond said to have come from, 94.

imperial fiefs occupied by Dutch during war with, 93
-, peril to, if alliance between English and Dutch, 108.

paramount force in Italy, England could help counterbalance, 105
-, England might affect to help against France, 109.

expectation of attack on, with end of Dutch war, 109.

English war far more costly to Dutch than one with, 120
-, English count on continuation of war with France, 130.

rate of pay for levies, 123
-, Dutch merchantmen from, in Sound, 126
-, Dutch ships for, captured, 139.

Mazarin says root of Anglo Dutch war, 128
-, Dutch suspicion of this, 129.

alliance offers great advantage to England, 130
-, England will rely on friendliness of, 134.

Richaut's case may serve as precedent for creditors of, 148
-, circumstances make it desirable to court, 162.

Dutch activity off coasts causes alarm, 149
-, English reliance on, against Dutch, 178.

chambre mipartie set up to settle controversial points with Holland, 154-5.

Mazarin's efforts to prevent alliance with England, 167
-, Cromwell expected to help indirectly, 173, 183
-, draws closer to England in every way, 174.

fears of England should induce peace with France, 173
-, Mazarin says pope's offices needed with, for peace, 176.

hopes to induce Cromwell to attack France, 176, 181, 183
-, reasons of state lead to sacrifice Spark, 179.

Cromwell's proceedings closely watched in, 181
-, peace between English and Dutch chief point of interest in, 188.

Ameland allowed rights of neutrality during war with, 186.

Mazarin's measures to be left free to attack, 188
-, does utmost to prevent friendly relations between England and France, 190.

execution of Spark expected to strengthen friendly relations with, 190.

Cond assures of devotion so long as Mazarin rules, 192
-, left penniless through quarrel with Genoa, 232
-, dispute referred to, 270.

levy for service of, in Flanders, 194
-, service of O'Brien in, 251.

France wishing to attack, conciliates England, 200
-, French designs on possessions in Italy, 209.

talk of attack on Portugal by arrangement with, 209
-, want to be free of France to attack Portugal, 216.

party of, in Tuscany Court, 213
-, pope not on good terms with, 218.

money sent from to Cardenas, on news of peace, 213-4
-, efforts to get Cromwell to break with France, 216, 221.

pleased at St. Malo affair, 221
-, counts on English fleet fighting Guises, 237.

will do nothing to irritate English, 226
-, Grand Duke uncertain of Cromwell's intentions to, 229.

secret treaty with Cromwell, 232
-, talk of co-operation with English in Flanders, 233
-, not disposed to hinder English trade with Antwerp, 237.

subsidy from for Cromwell, 232-3
-, Cromwell inclined to favour, but France may outbid, 239.

concerned at news of conspiracy against Cromwell, 233, 241
-, ship to convey duke of Lorraine to, 237.

threatened with reprisals for Richaut's claims, 236
-, Barrire claims money due to Cond from, 258.

situation requires to prevent hostile measures by England, 236
-, alarmed by negotiations with France, sending special embassy, 242.

England hopes for advantage from negotiations on foot with, 239
-, keeps up negotiations to alarm French, 254.

relying on English to deal with French squadron at. Toulon, 243.

Venice wishes to be kept informed of transactions with England, 245.

anxiety in over relations of northern powers with Portugal, 256.

alarm in at sailing of Blake's fleet, 266
-, warning sent to San Domingo, id.
-, Blake off coast of, 281.

Cromwell's terms for treaty with, 268
-, ambassador extraordinary expected from, 270-1, 284.

agreement between England and France deeply injurious to, 276.

England plays off against France, 276
-, independent attitude of England to, 286.

Mazarin's efforts to keep busy and so weaken everywhere, 282
-, French designs force to be on good terms with England, 290.

Blake's fleet to have best treatment in all ports of, 285
-, fleet said to be going against, 286.

attack on French fleet would accord with understanding with England, 291.

-, Council of, discussion in, on English intentions, 241.

-, fleet of, unequal to meeting English and Dutch, 109
-, English waiting to see French engage, 226
-, no force to oppose French at Toulon, 243.

-, king of, claims title of duke of Guelders, 207n.

-, - See Philip IV.

-, Inquisition of, Cromwell accused of introducing in England, 282.

-, merchants of. See merchants, Spanish.

-, ships of. See ships, Spanish.

-, Venetian instructions to minister in, 245.

Spaniards :

Bordeaux argues are the common enemy, 18
-, French fear English may help, 59.

Dutch suspect of favouring English, 23
-, Dutch unwilling to break with, 51, 128.

cargo of Stella belongs to, 39.

permission to raise levies and hire ships granted to, 47
-, Irish levies for, 56, 59, 152.

considered too intimate with Irish, 56
-, French alarm at concentration near Calais, 62.

may concede Schelde trade to English, to hurt Dutch, 79
-, Dutch suffer for making separate peace with, 128.

in garrison at Bourg, 97
-, Cond subsidised by, 176.

French complain of English hiring ships to, 98
-, incessantly urge English to attack France, 190.

feelings changed to respect by second English victory over Dutch, 98
-, Dutch war stimulates to flatter English, 130
-, mission of Baas to thwart, 171.

suspect Mazarin's devices, 167
-, easily get to bottom of Mazarin's intrigues, 178.

take credit for Anglo-Dutch peace, 188
-, Dutch peace not relished by, 210.

England agreed with, to harass France, 208
-, all Mazarin's efforts directed against, 213.

suspect English of designs on San Domingo, 241.

Cromwell not pleased at defeat at Arras, 242
-, encourage loose talk of alliance with Cromwell's daughter, 254.

English increase jealousy by negotiations with French, 251
-, no joy in England at defeat at Arras, 256.

English merchants clamour for debts due from, 253.

Belleisle said to have revolted to, 267
-, general attack on will render defence feeble, 270.

talk of demanding release of duke of Lorraine from, 275.

Mazarin moves Cromwell to attack in Indies, 282.

say Blake's fleet come to help them, 285
-, would like assurance of neutrality of Blake's fleet, 287
-, Blake reports good treatment from, 292.

working their hardest over employment of English fleet, 290.

Spanish plate. See San Salvador.

Spark
-, William, murderer of Ascham, taken from sanctuary and executed, 179
-, Cromwell informed about, 190.

Spartivento, Cape, Calabria, Italy, battle off, 26-7.

Speaker
-, See Lenthall, William
-, Rous, Francis.

spies, Cromwell keeps numerous, 219.

Spurrier. See William.

States. See Netherlands.

Stella
-, Hamburg ship, seized by parliament ships, 39
-, supposed capture of, 91.

Stessa, merchantman, English asked not to molest, 27.

Stirling, co. Stirling, Scotland, Monk said to have retreated to, 247.

Stockar, John James, Swiss envoy to England and Holland :

instructions to mediate, 57
-, rumours of arrival, 58
-, in London, 61.

presents credentials, offers mediation, 64
-, held up by crisis, 73
-, pressing for reply, 82.

visits Paulucci, 73
-, nothing more will be done about mediation, 82
-, staying on, not to leave without reply, 120.

about to leave, having affected nothing, 136
-, leaving without reply to letter, 138.

has fresh instructions and remains, 150
-, leaves for Holland, 183
-, reports ratification of peace, leaves in blaze of honour, 187.

Stockholm, Sweden :

letters dated at, 58n.

guns from, for Dutch, 100n.

Dutchmen imprisoned at, for arrest of Groot Johan, 154.

Whitelocke reported killed near, 169
-, departure of queen from, 247.

storms. See weather.

Strait, the. See Gibraltar, Strait of.

Stuart family :

excluded from succession by Instrument of Government, 165
-, English jealous of Orange because of connection with, 182, 239.

supposed matrimonial project of Queen Christina to advantage of, 207.

demand for exclusion from France, 265
-, Henry Cromwell secretly devoted to, 275
-, Charles fears education of brother as Catholic would prevent restoration, 283.

sugar, cargoes of, captured by fleet, 94.

Sun, Dutch ship, part in Leghorn battle, 45.

Sussex, frigate, blows up at Portsmouth, 165.

Sweden :

news from, 175, 200.

mission of Lisle to, 9
-, Pimentel procures alliance with England, 23
-, good understanding with cultivated, 43
-, satisfaction given to, over ships, 55.

sudden attack on Denmark, 23
-, Dutch hope to obtain alliance with, 26-7
-, guns bought in, for Dutch, 99.

talk of mediation by abandoned, 62
-, mediation not favoured, 73, 82.

Radziciowski spent some time at Court of, 103
-, he is provided with means by, 103.

good will always obtainable by England, 108
-, commercial interests suggest good understanding with England, 116
-, Lagerfelt returning to, 144.

utility of alliance with against Danes and Dutch, 123
-, England can crush Dutch with help of, 123
-, friendly advances to, 134, 136
-, tension with Dutch, 154
-, Dutch negotiations with, 175.

Whitelocke to effect alliance with, if war continues, 136
-, private letters from warn Whitelocke, 141
-, Whitelocke starts because of pledges to, 146.

increasing bias in favour of England, 158
-, hopes of good understanding with, 175.

secret mission from France to, 171
-, suspected of helping Scottish rebels, 210, 212.

English reliance on against Dutch 178
-, Dutch not likely to suffer from English alliance with, 201.

news of Whitelocke's mission in, 200
-, treaty made with, free trade between states, 223, 237.

Moresini tours in, 203
-, can be easily reached by fleet, 212.

Cromwell expresses wish for friendly relations with, 245
-, proposes to send minister to, 251
-, Cromwell alludes to peace with, 259.

recognises Braganza in Portugal, 256.

king of. See Charles X.

queen of. See Christina

ships of. See ships, Swedish.

Swiss, Protestant Cantons, Evangelical Cantons :

write to parliament offering mediation, 30
-, courteous reply to, indirectly, 33
-, concern at war, fresh effort at mediation, 57.

report of envoy from, 58
-, mediation not favoured, 73, 82
-, Paulucci informed of mission, 83.

letters from, on mediation, 73
-, no reply to, 120.

Presbyterianism obstacle with, 82
-, relations limited to good understanding, 83
-, mediation offered to Dutch, 136.

included in defensive alliance with English and Dutch, 216
-, mission sent quietly and suddenly to, 251
-, Cromwell refers to peace with, 259.