Spain: March 1529, 1-15 | British History Online

Calendar of State Papers, Spain, Volume 3 Part 2, 1527-1529. Originally published by Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London, 1877.

Citation:

'Spain: March 1529, 1-15', in Calendar of State Papers, Spain, Volume 3 Part 2, 1527-1529, ed. Pascual de Gayangos (London, 1877), British History Online https://prod.british-history.ac.uk/cal-state-papers/spain/vol3/no2/pp909-927 [accessed 6 March 2025].

March 1529, 1-15



1 March.	635. Cardinal Sanctacroce to the Emperor.
S. E. L. 848, f. 114. B. M. Add. 28,578, f. 26.	On Friday the 28th ulto. a consistory was held, wherein the affair of the restitution of the fortresses, not yet accomplished, was discussed. Those who are not the Emperor's friends imagine that the restitution will not take place so soon. Neither do they wish for it, that they may have a just complaint and an excuse to throw the schism on the Emperor's shoulders. Should the Pope die before the fortresses are restored to the Church, all think, and he (Santacroce) with them, that the schism is inevitable. Most of the cardinals are determined, the case happening, to quit Rome and proceed to the election elsewhere, and although their own private passions are more likely to be the cause of the schism, still it would be prudent and advisable not to give them cause for it by retaining the fortresses longer. That is the reason why neither he (Santacroce) nor any other of the Imperialists at Rome can possibly approve the conduct of the governors (alcaides) of Civittà Vecchia and Ostia, who refuse to give them up unless they are paid the ransoms of the prisoners made by them at the taking of this city, notwithstanding that all the cardinals have contributed their share towards them, and he (Santacroce), though a poor man, has had to pay a large sum. No wonder, therefore, if in the last consistory an allusion should be made to the unjust and exorbitant demands of the Spanish soldiers, one of the cardinals having intimated that all was a dilatory excuse invented by the Prince of Orange for not giving up the fortresses. The accusation being so direct, he (Santacroce) could not help reminding the cardinals of the orders given to the Prince on the matter, and what the Prince himself wrote when he heard that the army had sent to ask the Pope for money; and how he had commanded him (Mai) to give up the promissory bills of Sigismondo, now a prisoner in Spain, without any reduction or discount. (fn. n1) In short, that the delay originated entirely with the soldiers, not with His Imperial Majesty, and that it is hoped that this very week the fortresses will be surrendered, though many of them entertain a contrary opinion.
	The Pope is not getting better; on the contrary, many people think that he will die before the end of the present month. A new ambassador from France, named Juan Juachino (Gioachino), has arrived. He brings the Pope several offers, and among others the restitution of Cervia and Ravenna, if he will again join the League. When the offer was made, the Pope said that, were they to give him the whole of France, he would never again make common cause with the confederates.—Rome, 1st of March 1529.
	Spanish. Original. pp. 3.
1 March.	636. Miçer Mai, Imperial Ambassador in Rome, to the Emperor.
S. E. L. 848, f. 29. B. M. Add. 28,578, f. 68.	Wrote last by Balançon on the 26th of January, and twice afterwards by way of Genoa. The present is forwarded through France, and its duplicate will go in three or four days by Naples.
	The Pope has been very ill indeed, so much so that, after two or three consecutive relapses, fears were entertained for his life. There was even some suspicion of his having been poisoned. (fn. n2) However this may be, his life was in danger, and all Spaniards and Imperialists at Rome were in great consternation, especially as the Abbot of Farfa (Napoleone Orsino) was known to have arrived in Rome. He is much better now; fever has left him for the last five or six days, and it is expected that very shortly he will be able to attend to business.
	The Emperor must have been informed in time of the rebellion of Aquila, which the Prince of Orange put down almost immediately by seizing sixty of the principal inhabitants, who readily compounded for an aggregate sum of 100,000 ducats, besides having some of the chiefs (caporales) hanged. The soldiers he sent to Naples, to be employed in the galleys there. As the garrison of Aquila fled to La Amatrice (fn. n3) the Prince caused some heavy guns to be cast in the former place, and this morning news has come [to Rome] that the fortress had surrendered at discretion.
	Until now he (Mai) thought that the Pope feigned to be worse than he really was, in order to postpone the settlement of present questions, and wait for a change (hasta ver en que pararia el mundo). Was confirmed in this opinion when he saw the many intrigues and devices put forward by the French, by the English, and by the rest of the confederates for the purpose of circumventing and deceiving him, or at least of securing his neutrality, but in reality he has been so very ill that his (Mai's) suspicions were unfounded. Has only seen him twice,—once to present his own credentials, the other to present those of Miçer Andrea del Burgo, the ambassador of the King of Hungary, who, being laid up with gout, could not attend. On one of these occasions the Pope told him (Mai) that he. might at once begin to disclose (desengrosar) to Jacobo Salviati what he had to say. Will not dwell long on this topic, but he must observe that this is not the best time for negotiating, for the news of the Emperor's journey has so frightened and disconcerted these politicians that they are doing all they possibly can to prevent it. The Pope announces that he intends starting shortly for France and Spain, for the sole purpose, as he says, of bringing about a general peace, and that in the meantime, and whilst waiting to recover strength enough to undertake so fatiguing a journey, he intends sending thither as legate either the Cardinal of Capua (Schomberg), or the Bishop of Verona (Gianmatheo Giberti). As this is to take place very soon, he (Mai) will begin at once to negotiate publicly or in secret, as it may happen, for which purpose he is in almost daily correspondence with the Prince [of Orange]. Andrea del Burgo's mission is chiefly confined to asking the Pope's help in the conclusion of the peace between Christians, that all Princes may employ their arms against the Turk, who, according to advices from Ragusa and other places, is sure to invade Hungary this year. As Andrea is ill, and cannot at present leave his rooms, he (Mai) will lose no opportunity of assuring the Pope that if he will only act on this occasion as the true Father and shepherd of the Christian flock, and succour Germany, threatened by the Infidel, the Emperor will do his pleasure in every respect. The King asks besides for a Nuncio; this the Pope has granted at once, because had not the application come from Germany he would have been obliged to send one thither, so important is it for him to have a Nuncio in that country under present circumstances.
	Doria has been unwell, and that is the reason why he has not come to Rome as he promised.
	The Duke of Savoy (Charles III.) is in trouble with the Switzers, who threaten to invade his estates. They say he is collecting money and men against the canton of Vaud, which threatens revolt.
	At Vercelli the vassals of Count Crescentino have suddenly attacked his house, slain him, his wife and children, the servants, and even the horses.
	Nothing particular from Lombardy. Up to the last dates Leyva was expecting reinforcements from Germany, and the confederates, though they bragged without measure, had achieved nothing of importance.
	The despatches concerning the bishoprics of Coria and Burgos have come to hand, and will be attended to.—Rome, 1st March 1529.
	Signed: "Mai."
	P.S.—Is only waiting for a letter from the Prince of Orange to make restitution of the fortresses.
3 March.	637. The Emperor to Miçer Mai.
S. E. L. 848, f. 30. B M Add 28,578, f. 72.	Considering that the proofs and justifications whereof We have hitherto made use have not been sufficient to secure peace to Christendom, which has always been our most ardent desire, and that our enemies are newly making preparations to invade our dominions; having, moreover, received certain intelligence that the Turk, at the instigation of the confederates, is about to invade Hungary, We have resolved to prepare for defence. For this purpose it is our intention to go to Barcelona, and, if necessary, to cross over to Italy in person, as you will see by the letter We now write to our most Holy Father the Pope, stating the reasons for this our determination. You will inform us as soon as possible what the Pope says about it, and also what is the state of affairs at Naples, whence We have had no news for many a day.
	The King of England has sent to ask us for the original brief of dispensation for his marriage with our aunt, Queen Katharine, which is in our possession, but, although the Queen herself has also sent one of her chaplains, We have not thought proper to surrender it. For We are informed that she has actually been compelled to write to Rome and to other parts according to the King's direction, and that he has made her swear not to write or plead in her own favour except with his knowledge and consent; and, moreover, that two lawyers sent by the most illustrious Princess Margaret of Austria to advise and defend her were immediately after their arrival sent out of the kingdom. As, therefore, she has no liberty to defend herself, and there is no security for her if the case be tried in London, We have begged the Pope, whose interest is to maintain and confirm the dispensation granted by his predecessor [Julius II.], to revoke the commission given to Cardinal Campeggio, and call the case before his consistory, where it may be fairly tried. We need not say that We command you to use, conjointly with Cardinal Santacroce, all possible exertion and diligence in this affair, as one which We have greatly at heart.—Toledo, 3rd March 1529.
	Signed: "Yo el Rey."
	Countersigned: "By His Majesty's order, Francisco de Los Cobos."
	Addressed: "To Miçer Mai, of our Council, and our ambassador at Rome."
	Spanish. Original draft. pp. 2.
3 March.	638. The Same to the Same.
S. E. L. 1,555, f. 101. B M Add 28,578, f. 74.	Has been obliged to contract great debts. Were he to die now, his conscience would be much disturbed by the thought that his creditors were not paid. Has, therefore, decided to employ the revenues of the three military orders during a certain number of years in order to meet his engagements. Asks the Pope to sanction this measure.—Toledo, 3rd March 1529.
	Spanish. Original draft. p. 1.
3 March.	639. Andrea Doria to the Emperor.
S. E. L. 1,362, f. 104. B M Add 28,578, f. 75.	The Viceroy of Naples (Philibert de Chalon) with 9,000 good and well-disciplined troops, 700 light horse, and some men-at-arms, is marching on Florence; 7,000 foot, Spaniards and Italians, remain in the kingdom of Naples for its defence.
	(Cipher:) Is negotiating with the Duchess of Urbino [Eleonora Ippolita Gonzaga], whose husband (Francesco Maria della Rovere) is willing to enter the Imperial service as soon as his time of service with the Venetians is up. Begs the Emperor to reserve for the Duke a position suitable to his rank and military reputation. Is treating with the Duchess, and not with the Duke himself, owing to the scruples of the latter, and to his thinking that his reputation and honour might suffer, were the Venetians to learn that he purposes abandoning them whilst in their pay.
	The Florentines have sent ambassadors. Will negotiate with them cautiously, lest the Pope's suspicions should be aroused.
	Galleys and other things, &c.—Genoa, 3rd March 1529.
	Italian. Original. pp. 2.
5 March.	640. Miçer Mai to the Emperor.
S. E. L. 1362. f. 76. B M Add 28,578, f. 76.	Encloses triplicate of his despatch of the 1st inst. The answer of the Prince of Orange has arrived. Expects to accomplish the restitution of the fortresses in three or four days.—Rome, 5th March 1529.
	Spanish. Holograph, .. ½.
5 March.	641. Alfonso Valdés to Erasmus.
M. Re. Ac. d. Hist. Cartas de Erasmo . otras, f. 37. B. M. Add. 28,578. f. 51.	Has received his letter dated 6 Calendas Augusti and pridie Calend. Sept. (1st and 31st of August). Cannot procure a situation for Francis Dilfus, as the Regent [of the Council of Aragon?] and indeed all the officers at Court are trying to reduce as much as possible the number of their clerks. Money is scarce here, especially in anticipation of the Italian journey.
	The Archbishop of Toledo (Fonseca), however, continues to be his friend, and has ordered 200 ducats to be remitted to him. Sends him likewise 30 florins to be spent in editing the works of Saint Augustin.
	"Monachi silent, non enim muttire audent, quum experti sint quantum incommodi excitatio semper tumultuum illis attulerit. Pax dormit, quum dixi dormit, immò sepulta est; ita horum principum animi concitati sunt, atque novis subindè injuriis concitantur. Audimus R. Pontificem venire ad nos ut hos principes conciliet. At ego, neque ilium tantum laboris suscepturum credo, neque etiam, si susciperet, quo pacto dissidium componere possit video, ni Deus ipse manum imponat, An offensam in aula Regis Ungriæ contractam, quod nimius sis in predicanda pace, nescio. Apud nos certissimam ob id gratiam ini[vi]sti, licet nullum ferè belli incommodum speciatim his inferimus—Mitius fero Italicam profectionem quod sperem te, &c.—Toleti, quinto Calendas Marcii (sic) 1529"
5 March. S. E. Port. L. 368, f. 197. B. M. Add. 28,578, f. 76.	642. Lope Hurtado de Mendoza, Imperial Ambassador in Portugal, to the Emperor.
	The negotiations for the cession of the Moluccas are quite closed and finished to the satisfaction of both parties. The Emperor's ratification only is wanted. Sends an express to apprise the Emperor of the result. The King of Portugal [Joaõ III.] is sending another to his ambassador at court. Hopes, however, that his own will be the speedier, and arrive at Toledo a few hours before, so as to get the treaty signed and ratified before the 8th inst., which seems to be the day fixed for the Emperor's departure. If necessary, this might be delayed for a day or two, as in reality the 350,000 which this King has to pay for the concession axe not to be despised, besides the advantage of the fairs [of Castille] being still open to negotiate the bills.—Lisbon, 5th March 1529.
	Signed: "Lope Hurtado."
	Addressed: "To the Sacred, Imperial, Catholic Majesty of the Emperor, our Lord."
	Spanish. Original. pp. 7.
6 March.	643. Miçer Mai to the Emperor.
S. E. L. 848, f. 30. B. M. Add. 28,578 f. 80.	Wrote last on the 1st by way of France, and sent the duplicate of his despatch by way of Genoa. Encloses now a triplicate.
	Since then news has arrived of the taking of La Matrice by the Prince on the 28th ulto. The fortress having been battered during some hours, the garrison offered to capitulate, on condition of being allowed to quit. This was granted, but as the gates of the fortress were closed and walled in, as usual in similar cases, some of the soldiers began to throw themselves down from the walls. Some of the inhabitants, wishing to accompany them in their flight, followed their example, and the consequence was that, by impeding, and pressing upon, each other, all fell, sustaining great bodily injury. The Prince writes that he was actually moved to pity at so deplorable a sight. The garrison scarcely numbered 300. The town was then entered and sacked, some of the inhabitants being taken prisoners, others slain. The Prince, however, took care that the women should be protected. He has since written to ask that neither the soldiers who sacked the place, nor the people of La Matrice (Matricianos), who had left it before, should be allowed to enter the territory of the Church. The application has been made and granted, the Pope having sent orders that all people from La Matrice, as well as "fuorusciti" of Naples, should be stopped at the frontiers of his estates.
	The Prince would also have wished that the "fuorusciti" of Norsia, of the Gibeline party, should be allowed to return home, that they might keep the Guelfi, who are very strong there, in check. This application also has been made, and the answer has been that this could not be done all at once. A promise, however, has been made that the change will be operated gradually.
	Bishoprics of Coria and Burgos.—Ecclesiastical pensions.
	As the principal object of his mission to Rome was to secure the Pope's friendship, he (Mai) will now proceed to give an account of his doings in this particular. Whenever he has spoken to the Pope he has found him so cold and reserved that he has almost been driven to despair. First he says that he wishes to maintain perfect neutrality, and go to France and Spain, accompanied by six of his cardinals, so as not to show partiality to either party; that he does not want Florence for himself, nor indeed Cervia and Ravenna which belong to him. Peace once made between the Emperor and the King of France, he says, that will come off of itself without any difficulty. He never intended to be otherwise than neutral in the contest between Spain and France; had always said so to the Capuan (Schomberg) in former times when he went to Spain as his Nuncio. The Emperor knew his sentiments, and approved of them. Had undeceived Mugetula (Giovanni Antonio Muxetula) on this point. Has always replied to these and other objections as he considered most fit for the Emperor's interests.
	Such is in substance the Pope's language whenever the question of peace is brought before him. On one occasion, however, whilst replying to similar arguments on the part of one of his cardinals, supposed to be most hostile to His Imperial Majesty, he (Mai) could not refrain from making use of the following threat: "The Imperial army is now about to leave Naples, and unless good intelligence exist on all matters between His Holiness and the Emperor, my master, I cannot conceive how the Germans can live at peace with the Church, for certainly the Prince [of Orange] will not he able to prevent their doing mischief to the lands of the Church; and as to the King of Hungary, I doubt much his power to bridle his own subjects, all of whom will become Lutherans, and in other ways disobey the precepts of the Catholic Church, (fn. n4) unless he can show that the Pope and the Emperor are friends." These and other similar arguments have made such impression upon the Cardinals, that he (Mai) fancies they are much riper (maduros) than they were. Is to have an audience from the Pope to-morrow, for although he is now in bed suffering from fever, and sees nobody, yet he hopes to be received.
	The Prince and Burgo (fn. n5) write from Naples that the League, though only defensive and secret as the Pope wants it to be, must needs be signed at once. At any rate that will have the effect of separating him from these devilish confederates, who assail him with importunities and circumvent him with tricks and lies (bellaquerias y mentiras) of every description.
	Hopes that the Crusade will be granted, though of less amount than asked for.
	Finds that the abbacy of Rocamador, which His Imperial Majesty bestowed on the brother of Joan Jacobo, is disputed by one Fabian de Spoletto, who pretends that he sued Don Carlos de Urries for 10 consecutive years, and gained several sentences against him.
	A son (fn. n6) of Count della Mirandola, married here and living with the Pope, has been appointed to go as Nuncio to the King of Hungary.
	Joan Mateo (Gianmatheo Giberti), the Bishop of Verona, has arrived. Had a long conversation with him, the substance of which will be given in another letter in cipher. His answer was that he wished to serve the Emperor. Gave an explanation of his conduct on former occasions, to which he (Mai) made no reply, as it might have had the effect of making a bitter enemy to the cause. Feigned to believe everything he said, but promised nothing.
	Lope de Soria writes from Piacenza that he is going to Milan, at the summons of Leyva, who was to be joined soon by 1,500 Germans.
	Was told yesterday that a revolution had broken out at Florence, and that the son of the Gonfaloniere (fn. n7) had been slain, but until the news is confirmed he believes not a word of it. The news came through Cardinal La Valle, who is so good a servant of the Empire that he believes anything that is favourable to our cause.
	They say that Joachin, the French ambassador who is daily expected, brings "carta blanca" to give the Pope anything he may ask for, and cause Cervia and Ravenna to be restored to him. But if the Pope be only true to his word, the Frenchman is likely to lose his time, for the Pope professes the most strict neutrality, saying that he is going to France and to Spain, and will take in his company two cardinalbishops, two priests, and two deans; the two former to be Farnese and Monte, or perhaps Sanctiquatuor; the presbyters La Minerva and Santacroce; and the deans Cesarino and Mantua; but if they cannot have Andrea's galleys, I wonder how they will go.—Rome, 6th March 1529.
	P.S.—With regard to the Queen of England and her case, he (Mai) hopes that the first brief put for the Pope's signature will be that for the adjudication of the suit at Rome.
	Spanish. Original. pp. 3.
	644. Instructions to Gomez Suarez de Figueroa.
S. Pat. Re. Cap. y Tra. c. Pont. Leg. 2. f. 50. B. M. Add. 28,578, f. 61.	What you, the Knight Commander Gomez Suarez de Figueroa, are to do and say at Genoa, where We presently send you.
	1stly. You will call on Captain Andrea Doria, and, after delivering our letters of credence, you will tell him how convinced We are of his good-will and zeal for our service, and how disposed We feel to reward his merits by taking care of him and his affairs (de hazer por él y por sus cosas). You will add that, though We have answered all particulars contained in his despatches, and especially that relating to the see of Orense, We now send you [to Genoa] for the express purpose of explaining to him the reasons why We could not please him on that point, nor present to the bishopric his nephew, Cardinal Doria. That We might prevent the Pope from appointing bishops to vacant sees in these kingdoms [of Spain], as he has occasionally done in opposition to the laws and customs of this country, orders have been issued that no foreign ecclesiastic be promoted to such dignities. Yet such is our regard for Andrea Doria, and our gratitude for his services, that besides our hearty congratulations on his nephew's promotion to the cardinalate, We command you to offer him in our name the archbishopric of Taranto, in Naples, burdened, it is true, with 500 ducats pension, which it was not in our power to redeem, but, on the other hand, increased by 3,000 which We have begged the Pope to grant on vacant benefices in that kingdom.
	Respecting the "trata de Sicilia," which is another of Andrea's claims, you will tell him that if the grant has not taken place, it must be owing entirely to the scarcity of wheat in that island. We have again written to the Viceroy [Duke of Monteleone] to allow the export of 2,000 "salmas" of wheat, and besides given permission for 1,000 "cahizes," which We are told are equal to 2,400 "salmas," to be exported from these kingdoms of Spain; besides which, he will get in time the 10,000 "salmas" promised for his fleet.
	You will also remind him that the caracks and "velas cayras" must be towards the end of March, or the middle of April at the latest, in the port of Rosas [in Catalonia], and that if he himself comes with his galleys, he must bring 500 expert mariners, officers and oarsmen, to be distributed among the galleys now arming at Barcelona, that they may teach their crews, &c. Also, that knowing he has at Genoa much good artillery and plenty of ammunition which he does not use, We should be glad if he brought most of it [to Spain], for, although We have given orders that our fleet should be completely armed in this respect, We still think there is never too much of that warlike implement.
	With regard to the bills of exchange you will tell him that if they were not honoured at presentation it was only owing to two causes: the 1st, that the sum drawn exceeded by nearly one half the estimate that was sent to, and approved in, Council; and, 2ndly, that had We given orders for their immediate payment out of the money destined for the fitting out of our fleet and intended expedition to Italy, this might have been seriously affected or retarded through it; and it behoves us, now that it has been officially announced, to undertake it as soon as possible. But you may tell him that, as soon as a satisfactory explanation comes from Leyva respecting the expenditure of those sums, such arrangement will be made with the bankers now holding the bills that they will lose nothing by the delay. If, notwithstanding the above explanation, you should perceive that Doria is still dissatisfied about this, you will tell him that We could not act otherwise, and that in future he must refrain from drawing upon our Treasury without express orders from us, or before knowing that the bills will be paid.
	With regard to the Pope and his dangerous illness, which alarmed us considerably, you will tell him what our intentions were in case of his death and of a new election. He is now better, thank God, and, therefore, the danger of a schism is no longer imminent.
	After explaining to Doria what our plans concerning the Genoese Republic are, and taking his advice as to what declarations are to be made in our name, you will assure the people of Genoa that We are well pleased with their fidelity, as well as thankful for their expulsion of the French, and the subsequent victories obtained over them, and that We beg them not to allow the enemy's power to grow and spread abroad, and promise to help them with all our forces. You will also tell them that although the reasons alleged for not admitting Lope de Soria have appeared to us insufficient, yet We accept them, and send you Gomez Suarez de Figueroa to reside there as our ambassador, that you may attend to our affairs, principally as concerns the preservation and defence of their Republic.
	You will likewise tell the Genoese that We have listened attentively to what Martin Centurion and Joan Baptista de' Grimaldi had to say in their behalf, and that should any ambassadors of theirs come to our court they shall be treated as those of our best ally and friend.
	With regard to the wheat and flour, you will tell them that an estimate is now being made of the quantity that can be exported from these our kingdoms after making due provision for home consumption, and that when such amount is known, We will take care that they are abundantly supplied. Besides which, express orders have been sent to our Viceroy of Sicily [Duke de Monteleone] to deliver at once the 3,200 "salmas" as indemnity for the losses their Republic had to sustain when the King of France was brought a prisoner to Spain, which grant took no effect at the time, owing to the disturbances which arose at Genoa. (fn. n8)
	As Lope de Soria is soon coming to Spain on leave, you will take care to inquire from him, with the greatest possible caution, who are the influential people in the Republic, those who profess most affection to our service, and have been accustomed to give him information, their qualities, position, &c.
	Ansaldo Grimaldo, the banker, is to be thanked in our name for his efforts in procuring money, assuring him that he will always meet with corresponding favour on our part. As a proof of our good-will, you may show him the copies of our "cedulas" bestowing on the Cardinal, his brother, a very handsome revenue in the kingdom of Naples. As, moreover, Stefano Centurione has offered us in his name the caracks and galleons which the Cardinal owns, We have accepted the offer, and beg that they may be kept in readiness to join those of Genoa on their coming to Barcelona.
	Similar messages and thanks to Captain Agostino Spinola and to Stefano Spinola. Such has been the press of business that We have not yet been able to attend to their request, as presented by their agent at this our court, but in the meantime have granted to the former an annual pension of 1,000 ducats, and 600 to the latter, on the "trattas" of the kingdom of Naples.—Toledo,—February 1529.
	Spanish. Original draft, pp. 14.
	(fn. n9)
8 March.	645. Miçer Mai, Imperial Ambassador in Rome, to the Emperor.
S. E L. 848, f. 31. B. M. Add. 28,578, f. 86.	Here, at Rome, is a man, named Villaverde, once a secretary of the Archbishop of Saragossa, Don Alonso. He enjoys the confidence of the Pope, and likewise of the Bishop of Verona (Granmatheo Giberti), whom he assists in deciphering letters and despatches without a key, for he has great experience in these matters and is very clever. As he is also a great friend of his, and professes to be much attached to the Imperial service, he (Mai) has proposed to him to furnish any intelligence he may have about the Pope, &c. This commission he has accepted, and consequently told him the other day that the persons from whom the Pope gets his information in Spain are, first, one Don Miguel de Silva, now residing in Portugal, through whom he (the Pope) is periodically advised of what concerns him and the cardinals; and one Don Pedro Pacheco, who writes very often (de quien acá diz que tienen letras spesso). This last is no doubt the author of the memorandum given to the Bishop of Pistoya (Pucci) about the Crusade, of which a copy was enclosed in his despatch of the 1st March, for he knew the seal on the letter, which was handed over to him to translate into Italian. He further says that a lackey (lacayo), called Treio Ribeyro, goes frequently backwards and forwards with messages from and to the Pope. Will continue making use of his friend, who has his entrée at the bishop's, and sees him at all hours. Has also two spies watching the movements of the ambassadors of France and England, as well as of these Italians, who feign to be on their side, though nevertheless they come every day to the Spanish embassy, and report every word that is said about their affairs. In this manner scarcely a day passes without his writing to the Prince at Naples, and informing him of the progress of his negotiation.
	The son of the last King of Cyprus [Lusignan], who was a prisoner at Padua, when he (Mai) was a student at the University, is now in Rome. We were great friends then, and have renewed acquaintance since. He has come to say that whenever it shall enter into the Emperor's plans to invade that island and take possession of it, six galleys will be sufficient for the undertaking. He has many intelligences among the natives, who would, if assisted, rise against the Venetians, and proclaim him. He (Mai) does not want to be king of the island, as his father was, but would be contented with governing it in the Emperor's name. Has presented to him a bishop, lately appointed to that see, who confirms this statement in all its parts, and as this would greatly contribute to weaken the Venetians, who alone dare resist the Emperor's greatness and splendour, he (Mai) feels it his duty to report the circumstance. The conquest of Cyprus, besides leading to the more glorious enterprise of Jerusalem, might also pave the way to San Marco, and put an end to the mischievous practices of the Signory.—Rome, 8th March 1529.
	Spanish. Original. pp. 3.
11 March.	646. Don Iñigo de Mendoza to the Emperor.
S. E. L. 806, f. 26.	Thanks the Emperor for his presentation to the bishopric of Burgos, and enjoyment of the ecclesiastical pensions attached thereto. Understands that he is to renounce the half-fruits of Coria, and the pensions of Jahen (Jaen) and Leon. Encloses powers of attorney for Secretary [Francisco de los] Cobos, granted in the terms prescribed.—London, 11th March 1529.
	Signed: "Don Yñigo de Mendoça."
12 March.	647. Miçer Miguel Mai, Imperial Ambassador in Rome, to the Emperor.
S. E. L. 848, f. 32. B. M. Add. 28,578, f. 97.	On the 7th inst. the Emperor's letter arrived concerning the see of Burgos (fn. n10) and other ecclesiastical matters. As the Pope's health has since improved, it is to be presumed that he will soon attend to this and other business. Some difficulties, however, are raised respecting the bull of Pope Adrian, but he (Mai) is determined not to relinquish any of the rights which that bull confers on him (the Emperor) as King of Spain.
	Has also received a great number of private letters from Spain. All agree that the Emperor will soon come to Italy; but such is the excitement caused by this news at Rome, and such the alarming rumours spread by those who wish to create disturbances and to stir up all the elements of discord, that he (Mai) has much difficulty in calming the fears of these politicians. Hitherto there has been nothing but much wild talk and bravadoing (braverias) on the part of the French, the Venetians, and their allies, but should any positive facts come to his (Mai's) knowledge he will not fail to make his report.
	The Pope, as the ambassador has had occasion to advise in his former despatches, seems still determined to visit Spain, provided he is well enough to undertake the journey, but purposes going first to France, and perhaps also to England, as he thinks he will thus be better able to conclude a general peace, which he seems to desire above all things. (Cipher:) Has no doubt that it is so, for in every respect it behoves him as shepherd of the Christian flock, now that the Infidel is in the field, to promote the union of all the Christian Princes. This notwithstanding, he (Mai) believes that his visit [to Spain] is undertaken more to prevent, if possible, the Emperor's journey [to Italy] than for any other purpose; for neither he nor the rest of the confederates are to be trusted on this point. Their having sent for Andrea Doria, to escort the Pope with his galleys, seems done intentionally to mar the Emperor's projects. That object once obtained, and the journey put off, the Pope will certainly not go to Spain, as is publicly said in this city. He (Mai) would be glad to see His Holiness start off for Spain, for Secretary Juan Lallemand writes from Madrid that the Emperor is very anxious to receive his visit, and expects it. But for this circumstance he (Mai) would be inclined to think that the Pope never intended going to Spain, and that, if he goes, it is for no good purpose; for in a memorandum (la traça de unos memoriales) drawn up in the year 1527 by Gianmatheo Giberti certain expressions are found indicative of the Pope's vacillating conduct in these affaire. The memorandum is in Gianmatheo's own hand. It is a rough draft of the instructions to be given to him when there was first a talk of the Pope going [to Spain]. Gianmatheo was to be the Pope's right hand man (paranymfo) in the journey, and the bearer of the instructions. Among other things, there was the following sentence: "The Nuncio is to tell the Kings of France and England that unless peace be concluded by their intermediate agency he (the Pope) will return to the League." As he (Mai) could not keep the original memorandum, which has been procured by a friend (Villeverde?), on condition of its being returned, he took the trouble of transcribing it in his own hand. Will send another copy by way of Naples, by the courier. Dares not send it now, for were he to have it transcribed in cipher, as it is, it would be hardly intelligible, the style of the writer being both concise and ambiguous. The substance, however, is what he has stated it to he, as His Imperial Majesty will be able to judge from the copy of the memorandum itself.
	(Cipher:) This is the reason why he (Mai) strongly disapproves of such neutrality as the Pope and his ministers seem to profess. Hopes soon to be able to make them get out of it one way or other. Though this new League and its conditions may not be so advantageous as might be wished, it will be yet of sufficient weight to destroy the other, and let the Pope understand gradually where his real interest lies. Once detached from the confederates, His Holiness will accustom himself to the alliance of His Imperial Majesty, whose power and virtue both of mind and person (del cuerpo como del animo) he is known to admire, for he has often been heard to say that he is well acquainted with the Emperor's temper, and knows also that of other Princes. Thinks, therefore, that little by little the evils of the past will be remedied.
	(Common writing:) The news of the death of Count Baldasar de Castiglione was brought by the same courier. The Pope has felt it much. Though he had many enemies at this court, as most people of distinction have in these hard times, he had also a good many friends, and the Pope was sincerely attached to him. Immediately after the arrival of the news, the appointment of his successor in the "nunciatura" was discussed. The principal candidates, not to mention others of less importance, are a Sicilian baron, (fn. n11) who is here [at Rome] in the service of Cardinal Medici, and of the Duke Alessandro. Andrea del Borgo dislikes him exceedingly, because he says he is a warm partisan of the Vayvod [of Transylvania], and consequently a friend of the French. Fears also that the Baron being a Sicilian, and consequently a subject of the Emperor, may possess other qualities (fn. n12) likely to make him acceptable to this court. The master of the Papal household (maestro de casa) is likewise spoken of. He (Mai) supports the latter, knowing him to be a thoroughly upright man, and one likely to give the Emperor satisfaction when in Spain.
	(Cipher:) Poor Cardinal Santacroce, who is in the habit of sailing with all winds, has often spoken to him (Mai) about the expediency of sending Gianmatheo [Giberti], who is his greatest friend, to Spain. (fn. n13) "Were he to go only to the Imperial Court as Nuncio no objection could be raised; on the contrary he might be very acceptable; but as he is to go first to France and England, it would be rash to trust him in so important a business before he has given some proofs of his adhesion and good-will, although he is by no means chary of professions and offers of service. Has not dared mention to the Cardinal the affair of the memorandum, sure as he was that he would immediately reveal the whole matter to Gianmatheo. Proceeds, however, in the negotiation as cautiously as he can, for fear of rousing the bishop's suspicions, and making an enemy of him here at Rome as well as in Spain, should he go as Nuncio. Once at the Imperial Court, His Imperial Majesty will no doubt gain him over, however shrewd he may be (por mas diablo que sea).
	Said in his last (fn. n14) that the Pope, when pressed by him (Mai) to join this new League, (cipher:) excuses himself on the ground of his present neutrality. (Common writing:) So do his ministers, most of whom, however, observe it very badly. Has now been discussing this matter with them for 10 consecutive days, and keeps informing the Prince from hour to hour of the progress of the negotiations. (Cipher:) Feels very confident that in the end a secret treaty of defensive alliance will be concluded, but the Pope wants to introduce a clause that no one of the contracting parties should, without the consent of the other, be able to make peace or form alliances, (fn. n15) and although he (Mai) has adduced reasons why it should not be so, declaring, among other things, that it would be indecorous for so mighty a Prince as His Imperial Majesty to be thus prevented from granting peace to those who ask for it, and, moreover, that the Imperial interests in Italy are quite distinct from those of the Pope, he has not yet been able to persuade them. Yet he hopes to make the treaty (concierto) anyhow, as he is only expecting an answer from Miçer Andrea del Burgo at Naples, who has been consulted thereupon, and approves of the general terms, remarking that whenever the Emperor wishes for peace there will be plenty of honest means and opportunities to bring it about. (fn. n16)
	The Pope is making as though he did not want Florence nor the other lands of the Church. He says he has not one "carlino" left to help the Florentines in their distress, and that he hopes that through the general peace they will come back to him voluntarily. Should it not be so, he has no force to compel them to obedience, and certainly he cannot struggle against all the Princes of Christendom put together. (Cipher:) Notwithstanding this and other similar asseverations, he (Mai) has reason to think that he (the Pope) will soon do something in the matter, because he knows all these assertions of his to be mere lies, this question of Florence being now hammered at every day like the red-hot iron on the anvil. (fn. n17) Writes hourly to Naples reporting all the particulars of the negotiation. When finally brought to a close will not fail to apprise the Emperor and his ministers. —Rome, 12th March 1529.
	Addressed: "S. C. R. Mt."
	Spanish. Original partly in cipher. Deciphering between the lines. pp. 4.
12 March.	648. Martin de Salinas to the King of Bohemia and Hungary.
M. Re. Ac d. Hist. C. 71, f. 207.	Has written by Pedro de Ascoytia, by Secretary Sanchez, as well as by a third messenger who left by way of Italy. This last, he hears, sailed on the 22nd of January, but the weather was so bad, and the sea so boisterous, that the ship was obliged to put in at Laredo.
	Mercado and Clavijo arrived at Toledo on the 3rd inst., at the time when His Imperial Majesty was preparing to go to Barcelona and embark for Italy.
	The Emperor's stables were so badly provided with horses such as His Highness requires, that he could not at once send them. He has ordered, however, the best that could be procured in his kingdoms. Meanwhile he is sending out of his own stables three Spanish horses and one charger (cursier) reputed to be excellent. Among the Spanish is one bay, (fn. n18) the best horse of its kind. The remainder shall be procured at Saragossa, where the Emperor expects to be for the Holy Week.
	The letters that came for Don Pedro de Cordova were duly delivered. In obedience to His Highness' commands that gentleman left immediately for Portugal.
	The cause of Lallemand's disgrace was that certain charges were brought against him by Chancellor (Gattinara) and by the Emperor's Lord High Steward (Nassau). It would appear that those gentlemen, wishing to remove him from the Imperial Councils, accused him of peculation and other crimes. The Emperor ordered him to leave the court and retire to a village two leagues from Toledo, and had his property sequestered. Messengers were sent in various directions to ascertain whether the accusation was well grounded, but as some of them have come back actually bringing a most satisfactory account of that Secretary's doings, his exile has been revoked and his property restored. He is now at Toledo filling the post of secretary to the Empress, and there can be no doubt that when a fuller inquiry is made, and his innocence established, he will be reinstated in his offices and triumph over his enemies.
	During the Emperor's absence the government of the country remains in the hands of the Empress (Isabella), assisted by the Archbishop of Toledo (Fonseca), the Count of Miranda (D. Francisco de Zuñiga y Avellaneda), Don Juan Manuel, and the Archbishop of Santiago, President of the Council of the Indies. (fn. n19) Toledo, 12th March 1529.
	Addressed: "To the King."
	Spanish. Original draft. pp. 2½.
15 March.	649. Antonio de Leyva to the Emperor.
M. Re. Ac. d. Hist. Salazar, A. 44, f. 58.	Recommends Diego de Osseguera, man-at-arms, who has served in all the Italian wars. On the day of the battle of Pavia he took Sante Memes, (fn. n20) captain of gendarmes of the King of France, prisoner, who promised him a ransom of 2,000 ducats. Charles de Lannoy, however, claimed him as his prisoner, offering to pay his captor the above sum. Has not received one "carlino" of it.—Milan, 15th March 1529.
	Signed: "Antonio de Leyva."
	Addressed: "To His most Sacred, Imperial, Catholic, &c."
	Indorsed: "To the King. 1529. From Leyva."
	Spanish, Original. 1.
15 March.	650. Don Iñigo de Mendoza to the Emperor.
S. E. L. 1,553, f. 308.	Hears by private letters from Court that His Imperial Majesty has been pleased to grant him leave [to go to Spain]. Is very thankful for it. Has been so unwell for the last two months that his physicians, perceiving that all treatment of his disease has been unavailing, and fearing for his life, have advised him to quit England immediately and repair to his native country for change of air. As this King's wish is that, of his two ambassadors, the one (fn. n21) who went first remain at the Imperial Court, and that the other, the Bishop [of Worcester, Ghinucci] come back, it will be necessary to give him leave to do so. Has reason to believe that he [Don Iñigo] will not be allowed to pass Bayonne until the said bishop is reported to have crossed the frontier and arrived in France. Humbly begs His Imperial Majesty to send the English ambassador to Fuenterrabia, and keep him there under guard (á buen recaudo) until he (Don Iñigo) and his suite have crossed the Bidassoa (hasta que passemos la ribera), as is customary in such cases. Has carefully informed Madame [of the Low Countries] of these particulars, that she may send here some person to fill his place, and to reside in London until His Majesty be pleased to appoint a regular ambassador. Believes that Madame, seeing the necessity under which he (Don Iñigo) is of abandoning his post will take care that the Emperor's service is duly provided for.
	At present, however, there is no pressing business to transact here, because the settlement of the truce depends entirely upon the Emperor; and with regard to the Queen everything is in suspense, as this King is now doing all he can at Rome to have the case tried here [in England]. His Imperial Majesty may be sure that unless he (the Pope) orders the contrary, and refers the cause to this court, the affair is irretrievably lost. Every effort, therefore, must be made there, and at Rome, to prevent the case being tried here, where no liberty is allowed for the defence.
	(Cipher:) This Cardinal (Wolsey) sent a message to say that if His Imperial Majesty consented he would induce the Queen-mother of France and the King himself to go as far as Narbonne to have an interview with the Emperor, in some town near the frontier. He felt sure that the Pope would also like to be present. Firmly believes, however, that this is only a stratagem to prevent, if possible, the Emperor's journey to Italy.—London, 15th March 1529.
	Addressed: "To the most Sacred, Imperial, and Catholic Majesty"
	Spanish. Original partly in cipher. Contemporary deciphering on the margins and between the lines. pp. 3.